American Forces in Action Series

UTAH Beach to Cherbourg
(6 June--27 June 1944)

Historical Division
War Department


CONTENTS

Foreword iii
Launching the Invasion 1
  Tactical Aspects of the Terrain 3
  Enemy Defenses 4
  The VII Corps Plan 7
  Mounting the Operation 12
The Airborne Assault 14
  The 101st Airborne Division Lands 14
  Fighting for the Northern Beach Exits 17
  Capture of the Southern Beach Exits 20
  Securing the Southern Flank 23
  The 82d Airborne Division Astride the Merderet 30
  The Capture of Ste. Mère-Eglise 31
  Along the Merderet 34
  The Airborne Divisions at the End of D Day 41
The Seaborne Assault 43
  Task Force U Moves In 43
  Clearing the Beaches 47
  The 4th Division Pushes Inland 50
  The Landing in Retrospect 55
  German Reaction to the Landings 57
Securing the Beachhead (D Plus 1) 61
  The 82nd Division at Ste. Mire-Eglise 61
  The 12th and 22d Infantry Regiments Pursue Their D-Day Objectives 65
  The Southern Flank on D Plus 1 71
  The Beachhead at the End of D Plus 1 74
The Battle for Carentan (8-15 June) 77
  St. Côme-du-Mont 77
  The Causeway Attack 78
  The Left-Wing Attack on Carentan 87
  Securing Carentan 90
Breaking the German Line In the North 95
  The Penetration at Ecausseville 95
  The Montebourg-le Ham Highway 100
  The Advance Toward Montebourg 103
  Crisbecq and Azeville 104
  Ozeville 107
  The Capture of Quinéville 110
  The Enemy Situation 115
Securing the Douve Line 119
  Crossing the Merderet 119
  The 90th Takes Over the Attack 125
  The 9th Division Is Committed 131
  Attack Along the Douve River Line 136
Sealing Off the Peninsula 141
  The 9th Division Cuts the Escape Routes 142
  The Enemy Gamble 145
The Drive On Cherbourg 150
  The First Day 151
  Advance to the Fortified Line 158
  German Defenses in the Hilly North 164
  The Corps Front on 21 June 165
The Fortress Is Breached 171
  The Final Drive Begins 172
  The Right Flank 173
  The Center 177
  The Left Flank 179
The Fall of Cherbourg 183
  The City Is Reached 183
  The Drive Into the City 187
  Organized Resistance Ends 193
APPENDIX A: Clearing the Cap Levy and Cap de la Hague Areas 201
APPENDIX B: Battle Casualties Sustained by VII Corps, 6 June-1 July 1944 210
APPENDIX C: Allied Chain of Command and Order of Battle 211
APPENDIX D: Enemy Chain of Command and Order of Battle 213

Maps

1. Enemy Forces in Cotentin Peninsula as Estimated Prior to D Day 2
2. Allied Assault Routes, 6 June 1944 13
3. 502d Parachute Infantry on D-Day, 1st and 3d Battalions 16
4. 506th Parachute Infantry and 3d Battalion, 501st, on D Day 23
5. 501st Parachute Infantry on D Day, 1st and 2d Battalions 26
6. 505th at Ste. Mère-Eglise, 6 June 1944 32
7. D Day Along the Merderet, 82d Airborne Division 36
8. 4th Infantry Division on D Day 49
9. VII Corps Beachhead, End of D Day 57
10. Enemy Forces in Cotentin Peninsula as They Actually Were on D Day 58
11. Securing Ste. Mère-Eglise, D+1, 7 June 1944 62
12. 12th and 22d Infantry, D+1, June 1944 64
13. 101st Airborne Division on D+1, 7 June 1944 70
14. VII Corps Beachhead, End of D+1 73
15. Attack on St. Côme-du-Mont, 8 June 1944 76
16. Attack on Carentan: The Causeway Fight, 10--11 June 1944 80
17. Attack on Carentan: The Left Flank, 10-11 June 1944 86
18. The Fall of Carentan, 12 June 1944 88
19. German Counterattack on Carentan, 13 June 1944 90
20. Ecausseville and le Ham, 8-11 June 1944 94
21. The Normandy Beachhead, 14 June 1944 112
22. 508th at Chef-du-Pont, 8-9 June 1944 120
23. The la Fière Bridgehead, 9 June 1944 122
24. 90th Division West of the Merderet, 10-13 June 1944 127
25. VII Corps Front, Night 18/19 June 1944 148
26. 4th Division Attack, 19 June 1944 152
27. Clearing Cap de la Hague Peninsula, 28 June--1 July 1944 202
Maps I-XIV are in inverse order inside back cover.
I. Cotentin Peninsula  
II. Airborne Plan, 6 June 1944  
III. VII Corps Objective, D Day  
IV. 4th Division Plan, 6 June 1944  
V. 101st Airborne Division Drop Pattern  
VI. 82d Airborne Drop Pattern, 6 June 1944  
VII. Utah Beach: 8th Infantry Landing Plan  
VIII. Drive to Quinéville Ridge: First Phase, 8-11 June 1944  
IX. Drive to Quinéville Ridge: Second Phase, 12-14 June 1944  
X. Securing the Douve Line, 14-16 June 1944  
XI. Cutting the Peninsula, 9th Division, 17-18 June 1944  
XII. VII Corps Objectives, 19 June 1944  
XIII. The Advance North, 19-21 June 1944  
XIV. The Final Drive on Cherbourg, 22-26 June 1944  

Illustrations

U.S. Commanders in the UTAH Beachhead Operation xii
UTAH Beach From the Air 5
Beach Defenses 6
Beach Defenses 7
Anti-Invasion Preparations 8
Anti-Invasion Preparations 8
Anti-Invasion Preparations 9
Anti-Invasion Preparations 9
Loading Out 11
Loading Out 11
General Eisenhower Talks to Paratroops 15
Maj. Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor 17
Glider Elements of the Airborne Divisions 19
Glider Landings 21
Glider Landings 21
Pouppeville 24
The la Barquette Lock
The la Barquette Lock
Maj. Gen. Matthew B. Ridgway 30
The Battle Around Ste. Mère-Eglise 31
Ste. Mère-Eglise 35
Assault Elements of Force U 44
Opposition on the Beach on D Day 46
Opposition on the Beach on D Day 46
First Aid 48
Beach Exits 49
Beach Exits 49
Maj. Gen. Raymond O. Barton 50
Infantry Troops Arrive at GREEN Beach 51
A DD Tank of the 70th Tank Battalion 52
Glider Landings 54
Wading Through the Inundations 55
Situation in the Cotentin 59
The Approaches to the Crisbecq Fortifications 67
The Crisbecq Fortifications 68
Fortifications Along the Beach 69
Fortifications Along the Beach 69
The Carentan Causeway 79
Scene of the Causeway Fight 81
The Last Phase of the Causeway Fight 84
Carentan 86
German Armor 91
The Hangar and Ecausseville Areas 96
German Dual Purpose 88-mm. Gun 98
The Orchard Area West of the Hangar 99
Clearing St. Marcouf 105
Headland Batteries at Azeville and Crisbecq 106
Headland Batteries at Azeville and Crisbecq 106
Quinéville 115
Movement of Supplies, Equipment, and Personnel 116
Ship-to-Shore Movement of Supplies 117
The la Fière Bridge and Causeway 124
Brig. Gen. Jay W. MacKelvie 126
The Southern Crossing of the Merderet 127
Maj. Gen. Eugene M. Landrum 129
The Gently Rolling Terrain of the South Cotentin 130
The Gently Rolling Terrain of the South Cotentin 130
The Terrain West of the Merderet 132
Maj. Gen. Manton S. Eddy 133
St. Sauveur-le Vicomte 139
The Valley of the Douve 140
Barneville-sur-Mer 143
Elements of the 39th Infantry 146
The City of Montebourg 154
Maj. Gen. Ira T. Wyche 155
Terrain in the North Cotentin 157
Terrain in the North Cotentin 157
The City of Valognes 160
Crossroads 148 167
Buzz-Bomb Installations 168
Defenses at the Port of Cherbourg 170
Defenses at the Port of Cherbourg 170
A Tank Trap Near les Chevres 176
Crossroads 177 178
The Bois du Mont du Roc Area 181
A Strong Point Is Destroyed in the Advance on Cherbourg 182
On the Heights South of Cherbourg 187
Fort du Roule's Dominating Position 188
Fort du Roule's Dominating Position 188
The Valognes-Cherbourg Highway 189
Air Bombardment Chipped and Scarred Fort du Roule 191
Infantrymen Work Their Way Around Fort du Roule 195
Street Fighting in Cherbourg 196
Interrogation of German Commanders 197
The Naval Arsenal 198
The City and Port of Cherbourg 200
Air Support in the Cap de la Hague Peninsula 205
Railway GUns Near Laye 206
UTAH Beach, October 1945 208
Insignia of Major Units Participating in the UTAH Beach Operation 209



U.S. COMMANDERS IN THE UTAH BEACHHEAD OPERATION. Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower, Lt. Gen. Omar N. Bradley, Maj. Gen. J. Lawton Collins. (Ranks as of June 1944; photograph taken June 1944.)


Transcribed and formatted for HTML by Patrick Clancey, HyperWar Foundation