Index

Adler, Brig. Gen. Elmer E.: 200
Agreements. See Treaties and agreements.
Aid to China. See also British aid to China.
agencies procuring: 211
air force projects: 10-12, 14, 17-21, 23, 24n, 24-25, 31, 48, 78-79, 92-93, 161-62, 163, 386, 387
air transport: 14, 75, 77-78, 93, 163-67, 272, 387, 388
aircraft manufacture, repair: 200-201
allocation procedure: 159-60
AMMISCA recommendations, responsibilities: 29-30, 48, 49, 386
benefits held diplomatic: 71
Chinese paper currency: 313, 314n
communications projects: 14, 15-16, 30, 47-48, 48-49, 76-78, 89, 90, 163-67, 386, 387-88
corruption in handling: 60, 60n, 104, 167, 282
credits: 7, 8, 11
differentiation by procurement program: 211
diversions to Middle East: 157-58, 163, 169-70, 171, 387
factors prompting: 8, 23
funds approval no guarantee: 16-17
ground force matériel: 8, 11, 14, 16, 25-27, 31, 37-38, 39, 40-41, 42, 49, 75, 265, 265n, 301, 386
handling and movement: 211-12
impracticable requisitions: 26-27
increase urged by Stilwell: 255
larger concept: 76-80
lend-lease funds: 16, 17, 20, 25
lend-lease initiated: 13, 14, 15-16
movement priorities: 212
pilot training: 21n, 24, 41
policy on diversions: 57, 58, 60, 114, 115, 152
pre-Pearl Harbor status: 48-49
program, 1942: 159
program, 1943: 258, 265, 265n
quid pro quo policy advocated: 41, 160, 178-79, 183, 185, 185n, 223, 224, 261, 278, 325, 388
quid pro quo policy rejected: 41, 185, 185n, 186, 224-25, 262, 279, 282-83, 310, 388
Rangoon stocks: 57-60, 84
repossession: 159, 160
requirements inadequately specified: 13, 15
shrinkage after Pearl Harbor: 159-60
Soong's program: 14, 15-17
SOS responsibilities: 205, 211-12, 387
Stilwell's role: 73, 159-60, 161, 173, 175, 212, 258, 265, 375, 387
Stilwell's view, should be greater: 157, 177, 224, 225, 244-45, 255
stockpiles: 46-47, 48, 159, 160, 160n, 167, 205
strategic aims: 12, 23, 270
subordinate to British needs: 8, 12, 15, 24
title transfer: 48, 57, 161
tonnage assignments: 160-61, 167-68, 177
transit tax, Burma: 46
transfer to British: 53, 56, 57-60, 84, 152, 170
views, service chiefs, November 1941: 40
War Department views diverge: 64-66
Air Base Group, 51st: 92, 200
Air Base Squadron, 54th: 200
Air Commando, No. 1: 366
Air Depot Group, 3d: 200
Air Ferry Command: 115, 164, 167. See also Air transport; Air Transport Command.
Air operations: 309. See also Air transport; Aircraft; Airfields.
airlift protection: 78, 187, 188, 199-200, 252, 284, 314, 315, 330-31, 338
American Volunteer Group: 93, 112-13, 130, 134, 143, 146n, 147-48, 251
B-24 raid on Hankow: 347

B-25 raid on Tokyo: 112, 162-63
Chennault's offensive: 337-39, 346, 347, 374, 384
Chennault Plan: 10, 188, 248, 251, 252-53, 260, 261, 271, 277-81, 283-84, 310, 317, 318, 319-23, 388
China Air War Plan: 187-88
China as base for: 13, 20-21, 23, 52, 56, 57, 64, 65, 71, 83, 241, 250, 269-70, 271, 331, 357, 358, 359
China Air Task Force: 189-90, 252, 313, 313n
Chinese Air Force: 12, 147-48, 187, 274-75, 275n
Chinese troops mistakenly strafed: 134
destruction Japanese Navy proposed by Chiang: 9
Doolittle's Tokyo raid: 112, 162-63
dropping supplies: 141, 142, 163, 303, 304, 317
Fourteenth Air Force: 335, 336, 337-39, 347, 374
ground forces' relationship: 176, 270, 280-81, 320, 322, 323-24, 325, 331, 367
intensification recommended by CCS: 332
Japanese: 6, 99-100, 110, 111, 113, 143, 148, 314, 315, 337-38, 347
major offensive urged by Chiang: 260, 261, 275, 288, 319-20
monsoon surmounted: 315, 317
P-40 bombing: 315
plans to bomb Japan: 12-13, 20-21, 23, 56-57, 75, 92, 253, 269, 272, 277, 321, 322, 323-24, 328, 357-58, 359, 389
plans for, by Chinese Air Force: 14, 20-21, 24, 187
reconnaissance, patrol: 110, 111, 112, 113, 130, 315
Royal Air Force: 110, 141, 314, 315n, 317
shortages: 12, 115, 116
Stilwell's air plan: 187-88, 199-200
Stilwell's attitude: 176, 187, 189-90, 252, 322, 323-24, 325, 367
supply problem: 188-89, 200-201, 240, 251-52, 277, 278, 279, 283, 286-87, 288-92, 313, 319, 326-27, 341, 346-47, 353, 363, 374, 375, 381-82
Tenth Air Force: 78-79, 92, 116, 117, 148, 314, 315, 317
training: 19, 200
Air Plan for the Defeat of Japan: 358, 359
Air power. See also Air operations; Air transport.
Chinese attitude: 56-57, 83, 91-92, 187n, 190, 235, 261, 281, 325, 329, 341
Chinese disappointed by U.S. handling: 161-63
condition to Chinese participation in retaking Burma: 179, 182, 226, 231-32, 242, 247-48
to contain Japan in China: 12, 13
establishment in India: 78-79, 92-93, 201
greater emphasis suggested by British: 330
lacking in First Burma Campaign: 109-14
limitations in Chinese hands: 11-12
limited by communications: 57, 83, 247, 269, 270, 277, 281, 331
QUADRANT's emphasis: 357, 358, 359
sought by China: 9, 10-11, 14, 17, 169-70, 172, 190, 261, 264, 274
Stilwell's appraisal: 176, 187
Air Service Command, Tenth Air Force: 188-89, 200-201
Air transport: 387. See also Air operations;
Air Transport Command; Aircraft; Airfields.
aircraft strength: 79, 93, 163, 164, 165, 185, 199, 224, 267-68, 268n, 272, 279, 287, 381
airfield construction program: 276-77, 279, 290-91, 326, 331, 332, 333, 334, 341-44
airlift authorized: 77-78
airlift defense: 78, 187, 188, 199-200, 252, 284, 314, 315, 330-31, 338
Assam-Burma-China Ferry Command: 93, 163, 200n
Assam line of communications: 277, 334
B-24 conversion proposed: 164
backlogs: 382
C-46 versus C-47 capacity: 268n
C-54 production: 164
China National Aviation Corporation: 21n, 164, 167, 173n, 173-74, 185, 199, 211, 212, 382

China tonnage: 167, 291, 327
China's emergency program: 160-61, 167-68, 177, 180, 225
Chinese answer to problems: 165, 190, 287-88
Chinese currency flown: 313, 314n
Chinese pressure for increased tonnage: 164, 168, 172, 275, 287, 288, 388
conflicting tonnage requirements: 165, 187, 239-40, 275, 283, 286-87, 289, 291, 319, 320, 327, 330, 331, 333, 334-35
Currie's proposals: 21n
diversions to Middle East: 157, 169-70, 185, 387
expansion: 276-77, 278, 290-91, 326, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 341-45, 363
India-China Ferry Command: 200, 200n
intra-India transport: 93, 200, 268
Japanese plan to cut airline: 233
limited by Assam support facilities: 165, 289
loading priorities sacrificed to speed: 291-92
OPD views: 152, 164, 268, 330, 344
potential capacity inadequate: 152, 224, 278, 330
priority for Chennault: 165, 286, 319, 326-27, 347
President concerned to increase: 164, 268, 279, 287, 342, 382
shortages: 163-65, 268, 287, 381, 382
Soong's proposals: 14, 77
Stilwell's requests: 75, 165, 167, 185, 252
Stilwell's tonnage distribution policy: 286
supplying Burma's evacuees: 141, 163
terrain of route: 77, 165
tonnage targets: 160, 172, 267, 268, 275, 276, 278, 288, 331, 332, 333, 334, 344
Trans-India Ferry Command: 200n
weather factor: 163, 165, 291, 313, 333, 381, 382
Air Transport Command (ATC), India-China Wing: 288. See also Air operations;
Air transport; Aircraft; Airfields.
activation: 267, 268
airfield construction program: 276-77, 279, 290-91, 326, 331, 332, 333, 334, 341-44
commanders: 290, 382
hampering factors: 289, 290-91, 344, 348, 381, 382
living conditions: 268, 348
reinforcements: 344
Somervell's survey: 382-83
strength: 268, 268n, 272, 381
Airborne operations: 128, 165, 179, 226
Aircraft: 24, 31. See also Aid to China; Air operations; Air transport.
accepted without equipment: 12, 19
for AVG: 17, 18, 19, 24, 92, 112, 114, 115
British transfers to China: 12, 20, 25
carrier: 9, 9n, 40, 92, 99, 226
for CATF: 200
Chinese requests: 9, 10-11, 12, 14, 40, 168, 172, 234, 275, 287-88, 323
Chinese waste: 12, 274, 275n
diversions to Middle East: 157-58, 163, 169-70, 387
manufactured in India: 201
question of assignment to Chiang: 173n, 173-74
requirements for Chennault Plan: 188, 251, 252, 284, 321, 346
shortages: 115, 116, 163-64, 165, 287
for Tenth Air Force: 79, 92, 116, 199, 315
transport diversion from Sicily operations: 287
Airfields
Allied attacks on: 110, 112, 148, 315
construction, Chinese: 11, 14, 276, 288
construction program: 279, 290-91, 317, 326, 331, 332, 333, 334, 341-45, 348, 381
defense against Japanese ground reaction: 270, 280-81, 320, 322, 323-24, 325, 330-31, 338, 367
deficiencies: 165, 289, 315
destroyed by Japanese: 163, 281
Japanese attacks on: 110, 113, 148, 314, 315, 337-38, 347
Akyab: 244, 245, 359
attempt to retake: 302-03
plans to retake: 227, 244, 245, 250, 273, 332, 363
evacuation: 143
RAF withdrawal: 110

Aldrich, Col. Harry S.: 30n, 89, 90, 105, 128n, 131, 215
Aldworth, Capt. Richard: 18n, 24n
Alexander, Gen. Sir Harold R. L. G.: 99, 101, 104, 120, 127, 132, 139, 180. See also First Burma Campaign.
bypassed by Chiang: 118, 124
command relationship to Stilwell: 95, 96
defense of India becomes major concern: 137
flank attack on Irrawaddy: 108, 109
Lashio defense plans: 132, 133
north Burma defense plans: 136-37, 138
problems following fall of Lashio: 135
retreats: 109, 123, 137, 139
support of Chinese, Toungoo: 106
view, command nominal: 96
Alison, Lt. Col. John R.: 366
Allied command arrangements. See also Command relationships.
ABDACOM: 61, 62, 74, 86
affecting Tenth Air Force: 199, 201
Burma: 62, 86-87, 94-96, 231, 380
China Theater: 62, 87
loose coalition: 355-56
SEAC: 355-57, 360, 364, 380
triple division of strategic responsibility: 86
unified command: 61-62, 68, 86
Allied conferences
ARCADIA, Washington, December 1941: 61-63, 86, 87, 158, 327
Casablanca, January 1943: 269, 270-71, 327, 328
Chungking, December 1941: 52-57
QUADRANT, Quebec, August 1943: 357-67, 380, 381, 388
TRIDENT, Washington, May 1943: 320, 327-36, 339-40, 341, 354, 355, 358, 359, 360, 363, 374, 382, 388
Alsop, Joseph W.: 254, 254n
Ambulance units. See Medical units.
American-British-Dutch-Australian Command (ABDACOM): 62, 74, 86
American-British-Dutch conversations: 39, 50
American Export-Import Bank: 7
American Military Mission to China (AMMISCA): 40, 53, 58, 60, 67, 73, 89, 235. See also Magruder, Brig. Gen. John.
announced to Chinese: 29, 39, 39n
appraisal, China's value to Allies: 71, 80, 83
appraisal, China's war effort: 43-44, 53, 71, 80, 83
authorized: 24, 24n, 28, 29
authorized induct AVG: 91
and China Theater command structure: 87
and Chinese Air Force reorganization: 91
and Chinese communications problems: 44-48, 90-91
commanding general: 29
control of AVG proposed: 38
destruction of lend-lease stocks: 84
diaries: 30n
directive: 29-30, 90-91
drawn into policy, strategy discussions: 37, 38
efforts to improve Chinese Army: 42-43, 91
inspection report on Chinese Army: 36-37
lend-lease recommendations: 42, 48, 83
limitations on powers: 29, 30, 32
objectives: 30
organization: 30, 32
personnel assigned to Stilwell's command: 93
potentialities unrealized: 90, 91-92
projects: 32
reasons for: 27-29, 30
relation to U.S. Embassy: 29, 29n
and road construction projects: 76, 77, 77n, 90
role misunderstood by Chiang: 39
staff composition: 30, 31, 43, 75
and Thirty Division program: 42-43
view, Burma indispensable air base: 71
American Mission to China: 267. See also China, Burma and India Theater of Operations; U.S. Task Force in China.
American Observer Group, New Delhi: 304

American Volunteer Group (AVG): 28, 28n, 68, 158. See also Chennault, Maj. Gen. Claire L.; China Air Task Force; Fourteenth Air Force.
AMMISCA control proposed: 38
augmentation by British units: 24-25
Chinese pilots: 24, 24n
Chinese preparations: 18
combat entry issue: 38, 41
commander: 18
co-operation, War and Navy Departments: 18, 18n
deficiencies: 19-20
in First Burma Campaign: 93, 109-10, 112-14, 130, 134, 143, 146n, 147-48
induction into U.S. service: 91, 91-92, 93, 113, 114, 161-62, 188n
ordnance, ammunition: 19, 31
overseas movement: 18
pilot crisis: 113-14
pilot recruiting: 18
pilot strength: 18
preliminary discussions: 10-11, 11-12
quid pro quo proposed by Marshall: 41
reconstitution as 23d Pursuit Group: 113, 114, 161-62
reinforcements: 79, 92, 112, 114-15, 162
replaced by CATF: 188n
second group planned: 24
security: 19
Soong-Pawley contract: 18
status as Chinese Air Force unit: 19
strengthening recommended by service chiefs: 40
tactical training: 19
use in Burma, question: 51, 53, 55, 57
War Department responsibility: 20
Ammunition. See Ordnance.
Amphibious operations: 363, 367
importance stressed by Chinese: 380
Mountbatten specialist in: 380
planned, Akyab: 227, 250, 302, 332, 363
planned, China coast: 358, 389
planned, Ramree: 332, 363
planned, Rangoon: 226, 231, 249
ANAKIM: 317, 318, 320, 354, 387-88. See also SAUCY.
American preparations, India: 306
Anglo-American combined planning, India: 228-29, 242
Arnold-Somervell-Dill mission: 272-74, 275-77
British command reorganization: 304
British lend-lease requirements: 305-06
British misgivings: 242-44, 247-48; 248-50
British views: 226-28, 271, 306, 328, 329, 330, 331
Casablanca decisions: 271
China's withdrawal: 258-60, 261
Chinese commitments: 188, 226, 231, 234, 276
Chinese conditions: 182, 226, 231, 247-48, 258, 275
Chinese general plan, October 1942: 225-26
command arrangements: 226, 272
command of Chinese forces: 226, 231, 234, 239, 241, 259, 265, 272, 293, 296
definition: 232
effect of TRIDENT decisions: 332, 333, 334, 334-35
handicapped by lack of CCS directive: 269
JCS support: 222-23, 269, 327-28, 329, 331
Ledo Road construction: 306-09
logistic support: 228-29, 239-41, 241-42, 244, 289, 324, 329
naval, air support: 179, 182, 226, 231, 231-32, 242, 247-48, 258-59, 259-60
post-Casablanca plan of operations: 273
reduction in scope: 245-47, 325, 326, 327-33
renamed SAUCY: 340
Roosevelt's attitude: 325, 329
sector assigned Chinese: 228-29, 231
shipping shortage: 305-06
Stilwell's first proposals: 151, 178-79, 181-82
and Stilwell's Pacific Front proposals: 181, 182
strategic goals: 178, 224, 225-26, 247, 269, 271, 274
strength estimates, opposing forces: 276
TRIDENT discussions: 327-32

U.S. provisions: 242, 244-45, 246, 247, 271, 292, 319n
Wavell's first plans: 227
Y-Force equipment: 300-301, 319n
Y-Force lend-lease requirements: 301, 319n
Y-Force preparations: 234-35, 239, 240, 241, 254-55, 262, 264-66, 296-301
Y-Force training: 292-96
Andaman Islands
occupied by Japanese: 143
and plans to retake Burma: 179, 182, 226, 271
Port Blair bombed by Tenth Air Force: 116
AQUILA: 78, 79. See also Tenth Air Force.
Arakan Yoma: 81, 82
ARCADIA Conference: 61-63, 86, 87, 158, 327
Arctic supply route: 77n
Arms, Brig. Gen. Thomas S.: 295, 350n
Army Air Corps: 12. See also Air operations; Air transport; Air Transport Command; Army Air Forces; China Air Task Force; Fourteenth Air Force; Tenth Air Force.
Army Air Forces (AAF): 93, 164, 165. See also Air operations; Air transport; Air Transport Command; Army Air Corps; China Air Task Force; Fourteenth Air Force; Tenth Air Force.
Air Plan for the Defeat of Japan: 358
Chungking representative: 113
Commanding General: 64, 272
India-Burma Sector: 346
induction of AVG pilots: 162
Army Service Forces (ASF): 247, 272n, 355, 360, 362-63, 376, 388. See also Services of Supply; Somervell, Lt. Gen. Brehon B.
Arnold, Lt. Gen. Henry H.: 167, 253, 278, 334
ANAKIM conferences: 272-77
approves Bissell to command Tenth Air Force: 198
command: 64, 272
concept of U.S. role in China: 65
and long-range penetration group air support: 366
proposal for Chinese Air Force renovation: 278
response to Chiang's increased demands: 275-76
skepticism regarding ANAKIM: 272
submits Air Plan for the Defeat of Japan: 358
support of Chennault: 272, 285
support of Stilwell: 324
and transports for China: 164, 165
view on Chennault's command capabilities: 275
view on Chennault's command independence: 275, 277
view on ANAKIM's purpose: 274
view on Tenth Air Force administration: 201
Arnstein, David G.: 45-46
Arrowsmith, Brig. Gen. John C.: 242, 348, 350
Artillery. See Ordnance.
Assam. See India.
Assam Air Freight Terminal: 281
Assam-Burma-China Ferry Command: 93, 163, 200n. See also Air transport; Air Transport Command.
Atlantic First policy: 8, 14, 39, 39n, 51, 63, 64, 78, 165, 222, 270
Auchinleck, Gen. Sir Claude J. E.: 61, 333-34, 360-61, 362, 364, 381, 383
Aurand, Brig. Gen. Henry S.: 60n, 160, 167
Ausland, Maj. John E.: 47
Ava Bridge: 137, 138
Axis. See also Germany; Italy; Japan.
Italy-Africa supply route: 169
Mediterranean conquests: 21-22
North African successes: 157

Baker, Newton D.: 67
Barr, Lt. Col. John E.: 315
Barren, Lt. Col. David D.: 44n
Beatty, Capt. F. F.: 18n
Beaverbrook, Lord: 60n
Bengal. See India.
Bengal, Bay of
Chinese insist on Allied control: 182, 231, 247-48, 258-59
control lost to Japanese: 99, 101

and plans to retake Burma: 179, 247-48, 258-59, 271, 340, 380
Bengal and Assam Railway: 203, 229, 344, 361, 383-84
Benthall, Sir Edward: 383
Bergin, Brig. Gen. William E.: 215n
Bissel, Brig. Gen. Clayton L.: 78, 79, 113, 114, 169, 171, 189, 194, 201, 221, 226, 251, 276
and Assam airfield construction: 290
criticized by Time magazine: 285
induction of AVG pilots: 162
logistical requirements for tonnage target: 267-68
named to command Tenth Air Force: 194, 198-99
proposed recall for conference: 317, 318
provision for 23d Pursuit Group: 162
recall: 346
recall opposed by Stilwell: 285
recall sought by Chiang: 275, 345
relations with Chennault: 252, 272
responsibilities as Stilwell's air officer: 162
senior to Chennault: 73n
Stilwell proposes theater air officer over: 285
successor: 346
views ANAKIM's purpose supply Chennault: 274
Boatner, Brig. Gen. Haydon L.: 28n, 104n, 134, 135, 141, 217, 218
BOLERO: 157, 164, 165
Bombardment Group (B-24), 308th: 272, 287, 337, 347
Bombardment Group (H), 7th: 92
Bombardment Group (H), 19th: 92
Bombardment Squadron (M), 11th: 200, 337
Bombay, port: 203
Bowerman, Brig. John F.: 85n, 128, 128n
Boxer Rebellion: 385-86
Brady, Austin C.: 44n
Brady, Brig. Gen. Francis M.: 79, 200
Bratton, Col. Rufus S.: 103n
Brereton, Maj. Gen. Lewis H.: 123, 135, 138, 185, 208
aircraft shortage: 114, 116
attacks on Rangoon, Port Blair: 116
directives: 78-79, 92
organization, Tenth Air Force: 79
placed under British command: 115n
Stilwell's command relationship: 79, 92
transfer to Middle East: 157, 158, 169-71, 198, 199, 220, 222
Brett, Maj. Gen. George H.: 62, 204
and air support for Burma's defense: 92
Chungking Conference, December 1941: 52, 55-57
and disposition Chinese stocks in Burma: 52, 58, 59
view on Chinese operation of communications: 55
view Wavell refused Chinese assistance: 56
Bridges: 137, 146, 147
and Chinese tank requisitions: 26
destroyed: 6, 135, 138, 146
British Admiralty: 99
British Aid to China
airfield construction: 290, 344
aircraft armament: 12, 19
aircraft transfers: 12, 20, 25
AVG training facilities: 19
British units with AVG planned: 24-25
guerrilla forces: 91
guerrilla training: 120
gun carriers: 27
transport facilities, India: 77
Yunnan-Burma railway project: 47
British Air Force. See Royal Air Force.
British Ambassador to China: 24, 50, 55, 55n, 59n
British Chiefs of Staff: 52, 61, 100, 152n, 306
and Assam airfield program: 342
and Assam communications: 361
favor Sumatra operations: 363
jurisdiction over SEAC: 356, 357, 364, 366
and naval support for ANAKIM: 271
and Ramgarh training program: 214
and Stilwell's role in SEAC: 356-57
TRIDENT discussions of ANAKIM: 328, 329, 330
British Commander-in-chief, India. See Auchinleck, Gen. Sir Claude J. E.; Wavell, Field Marshal Sir Archibald P.
British Commander-in-chief, Singapore: 53

British Commonwealth units
Army in Burma: 85, 95, 102n, 104, 121, 128, 137
Army, Eastern: 302
Army, Eighth: 61
Battalion, 2d, Burma Rifles: 303
Battalion, 11th, Burma Rifles: 102n
Battalion, 12th, Burma Rifles: 102n
Battalion, 13th, Burma Rifles: 102n
Battalion, 14th, Burma Rifles: 102n
Battalion, 3/2d Gurkha Rifles: 303
Battalion, 13th, King's Regiment: 303
Battalion, 14/7 Rajput: 143
Brigade, 6th British: 302
Brigade, 1st Burma: 102, 139
Brigade, 2d Burma: 125, 139
Brigade, 1st Indian Infantry: 140
Brigade, 13th Indian Infantry: 102, 139
Brigade, 16th Indian Infantry: 102
Brigade, 46th Indian Infantry: 102n
Brigade, 48th Indian Infantry: 102, 125, 138
Brigade, 63d Indian Infantry: 102, 123, 138, 139
Brigade, 77th Indian: 303, 304
Brigade Group, 16th: 101
Brigade Group, 7th Armored: 102, 107, 124n, 125, 132, 133
Brigade Group, 16th Australian: 101
Brigade Group, 17th Australian: 101
Burma Auxiliary Force: 102n
Burma Frontier Force: 102n, 146
Burma Rifles: 102n
Commando, 142d: 303
Corps, 4: 201, 204, 242, 315, 360
Corps, 1 Burma: 102, 107, 123, 140
Division, 2d: 140n, 304
Division, 5th: 101, 140n
Division, 18th: 55
Division, 70th: 101
Division, 1st Burma: 84, 102, 105, 106, 107, 109, 124n, 125, 126, 127, 132, 139
Division, 14th Indian: 140, 302
Division, 17th Indian: 55, 83-84, 84, 102, 106, 107, 123, 124n, 125, 126, 127, 133
Division, 26th Indian: 140, 302
Division, 34th Indian: 101
Regiment, King's: 303
British Expeditionary Force: 7
British Foreign Office: 46
British Joint Staff Mission: 67, 199, 214, 227, 258-59, 272
British medical units: 104, 217
British Military Attaché to China: 28, 50. See also Dennys, Maj. Gen. L. E.
British Navy. See Royal Navy.
British Prime Minister. See Churchill, Winston S.
British War Cabinet: 100, 123, 214, 227, 364
British War Office: 19
British Imperial General Staff: 156
British Red Cross: 217
Brooke, Gen. Sir Alan: 331
Brooke-Popham, Air Chief Marshal Sir Robert: 18-19, 25
Bruce, Maj. Gen. J. C.: 192n
Bullitt, William C.: 100n
Bundy, Col. C. W.: 39n
Burma
air warning net: 53
attitude toward Chinese defenders: 104, 108
boundary dispute with China: 55
British proposals to bypass: 329-30, 358-59, 381
Chindit expedition: 309
Chinese expedition: 303-04
Chinese lend-lease stockpiles: 46, 57-60
climate: 82
communications: 44, 46-47, 76-78, 82
customs regulations: 46
defense. See First Burma Campaign.
disease: 47, 82, 141, 143, 233, 263, 306, 308, 353
first Arakan campaign: 302-03
geography: 81, 82
inclusion under ABDACOM: 62
Japanese bombings: 110, 143
Japanese communications projects: 233
Japanese failure to exploit conquest: 232-34
Japanese passivity: 234
Japanese threat to Fort Hertz, Ledo Road: 308-09
Kachin guerrillas: 308-09
natural resources: 148
plan to retake: See ANAKIM; SAUCY.
population: 148

pro-British tribesmen: 308
pro-Japanese elements: 110-11, 143
restrictions on Chinese troop movements: 104, 108
river navigation: 82
road construction projects: 76-77. See also Ledo Road.
transit tax: 46
viewed less important than India: 101
Burma Railways: 8, 14, 46, 82, 104
Burma Road: 38, 64, 68, 77, 78, 134, 143, 146, 224, 330, 332
action to reopen viewed primarily British responsibility: 152
administration: 14, 44-45
and air power: 57, 270
Arnstein's report: 45-46
cargoes: 45
closure by British: 8-9
connecting road from Ledo: 76, 229. See also Ledo Road.
dissipation of cargoes: 45
importance to China: 8, 44, 224, 258, 270
improvements: 14, 47, 48, 66, 264
Japanese advance along: 146
Japanese plan to cut: 128
physical limitations, hazards: 44
plans to reopen. See ANAKIM; SAUCY.
rehabilitation: 207, 207n
Stilwell's responsibilities: 73, 74
traffic: 45
Burns, Maj. Gen. James H.: 11n, 14
Byroade, Lt. Col. Henry A.: 207, 291n

Calcutta: 76n, 143, 148, 203, 206, 314, 383
Canadian Mutual Aid Program: 211
Casablanca Conference: 269, 270-71, 327, 328
Casualties
Arakan campaign: 303
Chindit: 304
First Burma Campaign, British: 126, 140, 140n
First Burma Campaign, Japanese: 148, 148n
Japanese Yangtze foray: 336, 336n
Ceylon: 99, 100, 101
Chang Chen, Lt. Gen.: 102
Chang Fa-kwei: 240
Chang Hsueh-liang, Marshal: 5
Changsha, Japanese drive: 31, 53
Chekiang Province, Japanese expedition: 163, 184, 281
Chen Cheng, Gen.: 258, 282, 295, 350, 376
ordered from Yunnan to VI War Area: 302, 335
relations with Stilwell: 240, 301, 310
Y-Force command: 240, 265, 293, 296, 298, 351, 370, 371
Y-Force preparations for Burma offensive: 264-66
Y-Force training: 293, 351
Ch'en Chin Chieh: 239, 240
Chen Li-wu. See Ch'en Mien-wu.
Ch'en Mien-wu: 129, 130
Chen, R. C.: 59n
Chennault, Maj Gen. Claire L.: 53, 79, 91, 112, 113, 115, 175, 194, 204, 221, 264, 314, 325, 331, 333, 337, 341, 387. See also Air operations; American Volunteer Group; China Air Task Force; Fourteenth Air Force.
access to President: 252, 254, 323
administrative ability: 253, 275
advocates: 251, 252, 261, 272, 277, 283, 292, 317, 318, 324, 345, 354, 388
agrees serve under Stilwell: 93
air supremacy not achieved: 347, 374
biographical note: 10
and Casablanca decisions: 271
combat tactics: 19, 253
command independence: 188, 275, 277, 278, 280, 285, 345-46
commands: 18, 188n, 200, 278, 279, 284
conference with President: 317-18, 320-23
logistical planning: 188-89, 275, 280, 289, 321, 345
logistical support: 188-89, 193, 199, 280, 288-92, 336-37, 346, 388
made Chief of Staff, Chinese Air Force: 346
and Mao aircraft proposals: 10-11, 12, 17
optimism regarding ground resistance: 284, 289, 321
plan for Japan's defeat: 10, 252-53, 283, 320-23
plan in operation: 337-39, 347, 374

President's support: 277, 278-80, 310, 313, 354, 355, 388
prestige: 93, 251, 388
promotions: 112n, 284, 284n
relations with Bissell: 252, 272
relations with Chiang: 251, 261, 317, 345, 346, 388
relations with Stilwell: 93, 162, 189-90, 251-52, 253-54, 281, 283, 285, 286, 318, 378-79
and Soong's negotiations with Stilwell: 256
status in China: 10, 73, 73n, 251, 345
suggested to replace Stilwell: 248
supply: 160, 165, 187, 188-89, 200, 201, 240, 253, 274, 275, 279, 283, 285, 286-89, 291-92, 313, 326-27, 331, 341, 347, 374, 375, 381, 388
and TRIDENT decisions: 331, 332
views on Japanese capabilities: 252, 322, 336
views on Japanese operations: 146, 283-84, 321-22, 336, 337
views on small air force capabilities: 10, 188, 248, 251, 252, 256, 261, 284
Chiang Kai-shek, Generalissimo: 32, 41, 45, 52, 64, 78, 81, 89, 94, 129, 137n, 147, 151, 152, 187, 196. See also China; Chinese Army; Thirty Division program; Y-Force.
adopts Stilwell's Pacific Front proposals: 182
agrees Stilwell's proposals for retaking Burma: 181-82
alleged plan to oust: 376
and Allied command relationships, Burma: 94-96, 118, 124
and Allied division of strategic responsibility: 86-87
apprehension of Japanese moves: 9, 37, 38, 301-02, 323, 335
Army loyalty: 6, 33, 89-90, 240
attempt control U.S. troops viewed possible: 325
attitude on air force diversions to Middle East: 158, 169-71
attitude toward British: 94, 95, 96, 97, 99, 120, 124, 136, 154
attitude toward Stilwell: 139, 156, 159, 162, 174, 180, 186, 186n, 212, 230, 248, 377, 378, 388
autonomy as Supreme Allied Commander, China Theater: 62, 87, 269, 375
belief matériel could win war: 154-55, 175
and British command in Burma: 95, 124
bypassing Alexander: 124
bypassing Stilwell to Chennault: 317
and Casablanca proposals for ANAKIM: 272, 275, 276
Chennault's influence: 251, 260, 261, 388
chiefs of staff: 87
and China Theater logistics: 288, 289, 319-20, 363
and Chinese morale: 31, 325
code name: 318, 318n
combined staff question: 62, 62-63, 66, 87, 89, 91, 94, 156, 177, 181, 186n, 288, 386
command of Chinese Army: 33, 87, 89-90
command technique: 118, 118n, 124, 156-57
Communists, paramount concern: 5, 9, 10
complaints: 114, 171, 174, 381-82
concern for China's position at peace conference: 158
concern lest Burma offensive reduce China tonnage: 380
conditions to Chinese participation in retaking Burma: 231, 244, 248
conference with Mountbatten on SEAC: 379-81, 389
confidence in Mountbatten: 380
conflicting orders: 124, 139, 140, 141, 146
and Control of lend-lease matériel: 173, 173n
contributions to Burma's defense: 53-56, 57, 59, 60, 85, 94-95, 158
country estate: 120
delegation of field command urged by Stilwell: 151, 153-54
denied CCS membership: 158, 375
desires Stilwell recalled: 174, 230, 377, 388
direct orders to U.S. unit: 335

disposition to hoard war matériel: 31, 34
disregard of Stilwell's communications: 154, 230, 230n
dual status as Chinese leader, Allied commander: 87
efforts for increased U.S. aid: 9, 10, 15, 31, 37, 38, 40, 91, 164, 172, 274, 275, 288, 323
emphasis on U.S. air power: 260, 261, 319-20, 325, 333, 354, 388
exclusion from body allocating lend-lease: 159
fear of rival: 353
kidnapping: 5
Ledo Road construction time, estimate: 76
and lend-lease diversions to British: 57, 59, 60, 158, 169-71
liaison with SEAC: 364
Madame Chiang becomes Stilwell's liaison: 369-70
maintenance in power viewed essential to continued Chinese belligerency: 71, 83
misconception of AMMISCA functions: 38-39
names Stilwell to command Chinese Army in India: 179-80, 192, 231
objects to B-25 landings: 162-63
objects to Stilwell's dual responsibility to China, United States: 174, 378
objects to Stilwell's lend-lease role: 159, 174, 212
offended by Wavell: 55-56
optimism regarding ground resistance: 320
orders Soong into retirement: 379
plans for Burma's defense: 97, 99
President's telegrams: 171n
problem of dealing with: 83, 182-83, 271-72, 278, 279
proposals for Allied unity: 50-51, 52
proposals for AVG control: 38
proposals for Bissell's recall: 275, 345
proposals for Chennault's command independence: 275, 345
proposals for China Theater: 156
proposals to defeat Japan in 1942: 56-57
proposals to destroy Japanese Navy: 9
proposes use AVG regardless of readiness: 38
queries British co-operation in retaking Burma: 231-32, 234
reaction to TRIDENT decisions: 334, 335, 340
reinforcement of British: 124, 126
request for Currie: 13
requests diplomatic aid: 38, 39
requests President confer with Chennault: 317, 320
requests total Hump tonnage for Chennault: 319, 326-27
rise to power: 5, 28, 386
Roosevelt's attitude: 61, 62-63, 158, 279, 329
seeks alliances: 39, 50-51
Soong's transmission of messages: 39, 161, 175, 175n, 180
and Stilwell's command of Chinese forces defending Burma: 72, 96-97, 98-99, 118-20, 132, 387
Stilwell's command relationship: 71-72, 72n
and Stilwell's proposals for Chinese Army in India: 135-36, 155, 212-14
and Stilwell's proposals for Chinese Army reform: 154, 177, 388
Stilwell's relations: 180, 186-87, 214, 248, 278, 281, 318, 340, 377-79, 384, 388, 389
talents political rather than military: 33
tests Stilwell's authority: 173-75
and Thirty Division program: 42, 98, 184, 369-71
threats of separate peace: 170-71, 175, 177, 275
Three Demands: 172, 181, 275
transport agreement with India: 77
undertakings for retaking Burma: 231-32, 234
use of Communist divisions proposed: 368
view on Chinese odds required against Japanese: 99
view desirable American representative ignorant of China's military history: 66-67

view on SEAC inclusion of Thailand, Indochina: 380-81
war lords' support: 5, 33
withdraws from planned Burma offensive: 258-61, 262, 388
and Y-Force command: 241, 259, 272, 296
and Y-Force preparations: 240, 255, 298, 369-71
Chiang Kai-shek, Madame: 38, 50, 56, 94, 96, 118, 139, 153, 168, 169, 172, 230, 231, 254, 263, 283, 326, 372
addresses Congress on risking failure gloriously: 261
admiration for Chennault: 254
attitude toward British: 95, 170
biographical note: 50n
breach with Soong: 369
and Chennault's tonnage: 326, 346, 374
code name: 318n
comments on Stilwell's army reform proposals: 154, 155
co-operation with Stilwell: 369, 370, 376, 389
dislike of Stilwell: 254
government posts: 50n
proposal for Sino-American air units: 91n
protests diversions: 114, 170, 172
raises question of Chiang's authority over lend-lease aircraft: 173n
requires Soong in Washington: 266
and Stilwell's reconciliation with Chiang: 377, 378, 379, 389
suggests no need China continue war: 170, 171, 172
view on command, Chinese Army in India: 155
Chief of Staff to the President. See Leahy, Admiral William D.
Chih Hui Pu: 215-17
Chin Hills: 81, 82, 90, 233
China. See also Aid to China; Air power, Air transport; Aircraft; American Military Mission to China; American Volunteer Group; British aid to China; Burma Road; China Defense Supplies, Inc.; Chiang Kai-shek, Generalissimo; Chinese Air Force; Chinese Army; Communications; Sino-British relations; Thirty Division program; Y-Force.
agreement on Stilwell's mission: 72, 73, 73n, 180
and Allied division of strategic responsibility: 86. See also Allied command arrangements.
arms from Soviet Union: 15
arsenals: 34, 42, 319n, 327
boundary dispute with Burma: 55
boycott of Japan, 1931: 4
British attitude: 64, 359, 359n, 381
Burma frontier: 81
and Burma Road: 8-9. See also ANAKIM; Burma Road; Communications; Ledo Road; SAUCY.
Chekiang air bases lost: 165, 281
Churchill's views: 359n
codes broken by Japanese: 375
communications lost to Japan: 6, 81
communications problem: 44-48, 81-82, 178, 288-89
Communist problem: 5, 9, 10, 33, 53, 184
conservation of resources for postwar problems: 44, 53, 183, 186, 325
currency flown in: 313, 314n
currency stabilization: 14, 314n
Currie's missions: 13-14, 167, 172, 180-81, 186
declines German mediation: 10
denied CCS membership: 158, 375
disregard of practicability: 15, 26-27, 28, 40, 77n, 83, 161, 205, 235
Double Ten Day: 31
early progress under Nationalists: 5
exclusion from Allied planning: 50, 61-62, 158, 271-72, 375
famine in Honan Province: 340
fear of Soviet defeat: 28
financial practices: 197, 313, 314n
formal belligerency valued: 13, 64, 71, 83, 183
inflation: 314n
isolation from India: 135, 148, 233
Japanese air raids: 6
Japanese blockade: 6, 8-9, 81, 135, 148

Japanese drive up Yangtze: 301-02, 335, 336, 340
Japanese forces contained: 83
Japanese passivity: 184-85
Japanese garrisons: 5
Japanese plan cut air supply line: 233
Japanese puppet regime: 7
Japanese residents: 3, 4
Japanese supply plan: 184-85
and lend-lease legislation: 13
Manchuria lost: 4
manpower reserves depleted: 299
military problems known to War Department: 27, 32
military proficiency: 6, 33, 43-44, 148, 386
ordnance stocks: 34, 234-35
orientation toward Allies: 6
peasant uprising, Honan Province: 340
plans to retake Burma: 225-26. See also ANAKIM; SAUCY.
population: 3
ports lost to Japan: 6
preference others win war: 187n, 190, 251, 280, 281, 324, 329
question of U.S. wartime relationship: 63, 64-70
requests Navy dive bombers: 40
resistance of Japanese aggression: 4, 5-6, 23, 33, 34-35, 36, 43, 82, 90, 91, 386
responsibilities for Ramgarh Training Center: 215
Roosevelt's policy to treat as great power: 62, 158, 279, 329
salt monopoly: 374n
seeks alliances: 39, 50-51
separate peace possibility: 64, 168, 170, 171, 175, 177, 223, 275, 326, 358, 386
Shanghai incident, 1932: 4-5
Stilwell's Program, September 1943: 371-72
strategic importance: 8, 16n, 23, 64, 71, 83, 269-70, 324, 331, 357, 359, 360
strategy behind Soong program: 14
trade with Japanese in China: 183
United Front: 5, 10, 33
U.S. Ambassadors: 9, 29
U.S. Army's prewar interest: 3, 32, 385-86
U.S. commitments unmet: 20, 31, 37, 157, 162, 171
U.S. garrisons: 27, 386
U.S. historic attitude: 3, 386
U.S. interest in aiding: 8, 9-10
U.S. military attachés: 6, 6n, 386
war efforts exaggerated: 6, 23, 43, 82-83, 127, 282, 298, 335
war lords: 3, 5, 33, 66, 296, 352
Yunnan attack feared: 38-39, 143-46
China Air Task Force (CATF): 198, 250, 387. See also Chennault, Maj. Gen. Claire L.
activation: 187-88, 188n, 199-200
airlift protection responsibility: 187, 188, 252
and airlift tonnage: 187, 275
aircraft strength: 200
attacks on enemy aircraft, shipping: 252, 313, 313n
Chennault's plan for operations: 188-89
Chinese resources: 201
commanding general: 188n, 200
component units: 199-200
and defense of Chungking: 274-75
functions performed by Air Service Command: 188-89
independence of Tenth Air Force: 188
relations with Tenth Air Force headquarters: 252
shortages: 201
Stilwell's plan for operations: 187-88
as substitute for Chinese effort: 187, 190, 251
tonnage requirements: 188-89
China Air War Plan: 187, 191, 194, 274-75
China, Burma and India Theater of Operations (CBI). See also Services of Supply, CBI; Stilwell, Lt. Gen. Joseph W.; Tenth Air Force.
air command reorganization: 345-47
ATC command relationship: 268
Branch Office, New Delhi: 193, 194-96
chief of staff: 194
and Drum's proposals: 67-68
evolution: 76-80, 191-93, 266-67
headquarters organization: 193-98
Kunming branch office: 193

personnel: 198, 204, 267
reciprocal aid: 205, 207-11
responsibility to two Supreme Commanders: 220
SEAC command relationship: 364
SOS functions assumed by headquarters: 196
strategy stated by Marshall: 250
supply plan: 204
transport aircraft: 164, 272
troops: 197, 200, 204, 247, 267
China Defense Supplies, Inc. (CDS): 19, 19n, 26-27, 28, 30, 37, 74-75, 75n, 76n, 77n, 160, 258, 319n, 325
China National Aviation Corporation (CNAC): 21n, 164, 167, 173, 185, 199, 211, 212, 382
China Theater. See also Chiang Kai-shek, Generalissimo; China; Chinese Army; Stilwell, Lt. Gen. Joseph W.
area of responsibility: 62, 380-81
autonomy: 62, 87
Chennault proposed as chief of staff: 345
combined staff: 62, 62-63, 66, 73, 87, 89, 91, 94, 156, 177, 181, 186n, 191-92, 288, 384, 386
command structure: 87, 288
creation: 61-62
G-4 lacking: 288
independent air force proposed: 275
mission to United States proposed: 257
plan of operations proposed by Chiang: 156
question of role in CCS, War Department planning: 177-78
responsibilities of Supreme Commander: 87, 288, 363
reorganization proposed by Soong: 374-75
SEAC command relationship: 356
Stilwell's air plans: 187-90
Stilwell's organization, procedure as chief of staff: 191-92
Stilwell's responsibilities: 73-74, 87-89, 173-74, 181, 288, 386
Three Demands for: 172, 181, 275
U.S. aircraft commitments: 23, 24, 224, 274, 278
Chindits: 303-04, 309, 366
Chinese Air Force: 50, 79, 335. See also American Volunteer Group.
aircraft waste: 12, 274, 275n
AVG separation considered: 38
attitude toward operational control by foreigner: 274
Burma's defense: 147
Chennault made chief of staff: 346
Chungking defense responsibility: 187, 274-75, 275n
early plans for U.S. aid: 11, 17
long-range program sponsored by Currie: 17, 20-21, 21n, 23, 24, 24n
Mao mission: 10-12
proposed diversions to Tenth Air Force: 114-16
reform: 91, 256, 264, 278
training: 21n, 24, 274
view P-43's unfit for combat: 115-16
and Y-Force construction project: 293-94
Chinese-American Composite Wing: 346-47
Chinese Army: 87, 90, 160, 256, 262, 313, 341. See also Chinese Army in India; Chinese Expeditionary Force in Burma; Thirty Division Program; Y-Force.
American command: 71, 73, 78
AMMISCA inspection report: 36-37
artillery distribution: 37
artillery employment: 36, 44, 295
chief of staff: 33, 73, 89, 156
command: 33, 87, 89-90
Chinese attitude toward reform: 154, 177, 320, 341, 388
decentralized defense system: 33, 34-35
development under Chiang: 33, 386
disciplinary actions recommended by Stilwell: 130, 151
disinterest in aggressive action: 36, 43, 97, 180, 184, 354
diversionary action in northwest proposed: 367-69
divisional organization, equipment: 34
emphasis on loyalty: 33, 36
equipment: 33, 34, 151, 153
formal structure: 33, 35
German-trained divisions: 6, 33, 386
guerrilla unit: 120, 120n
health: 217, 294, 295, 299
heterogeneity: 33, 89

hoarding resources: 34
impressment: 295, 299
and Japanese ground reaction to Chennault's offensive: 280-81, 284, 320, 322, 323-24
lend-lease tonnage: 160, 198, 286, 327, 332-33, 334
loyalty: 35, 89, 352
need of consolidation: 36, 151, 153, 176, 371, 372
officer quality: 34, 36, 44, 151, 153
and politics: 33, 34, 89-90, 352
powers, responsibilities of war area commanders: 33
preparation for arming: 34-35, 42-43. See also Thirty Division Program; Y-Force.
private views of some officers: 352
property concept of division: 34
provisioning: 299
and QUADRANT plans: 358, 359, 388-89
reform Marshall's China objective: 68, 71, 281, 386
reform versus U.S. air power: 313, 324-25, 341, 354
Soong's proposal to equip thirty divisions: 14, 25
staff, command procedures: 36
Stilwell's appraisal: 151, 282
and Stilwell's mission in China: 74, 289, 341, 384-85, 387, 388
Stilwell's reform plans: 153-54, 176-77, 256-57, 263-64, 372-73, 388
strength: 35, 36
strength opposing Japanese Yangtze drive: 335
strength reports padded: 299
tank strength: 25
transport: 36, 37, 295
unit nomenclature: 35
U.S. military views: 32, 42, 386
virtues of peasant soldier: 33, 108, 153, 218, 250, 386
war lord commanders: 33, 352
Chinese Army in India: 254, 255, 281, 373. See also Ramgarh Training Center.
Chiang's attitude: 136, 212-13, 214
Chinese responsibilities: 213, 215
Chinese staff officers removed: 217, 350
command: 136, 155-56, 179-80, 180n, 192, 213, 217, 231, 272
command relationships: 364
discipline: 215, 217, 350
headquarters organization: 215-18
headquarters staff: 192
health: 217, 294, 295, 296
Indian objections: 213-14
Indian responsibilities: 214
medical establishment: 217
movement: 136, 138-39, 228
and plans to retake Burma: 136, 213, 228-29, 241-44, 250, 272, 273, 387
problems reported by Sun: 374, 374n
procurement: 209, 214-15
quartering: 170, 192, 213
reciprocal aid: 209, 214
replacements, fillers: 215
SOS support: 209, 215, 241-44
Stilwell's Proposal to Organize and Train a Chinese Force in India: 135-36
Stilwell's responsibilities: 180, 185, 192, 213
supply: 209, 215, 218
tank battalions: 374, 385
training: 155, 218-20, 296, 306, 348, 350
troops' pay: 209, 214, 217
Wavell's objection: 214, 226
Chinese Board of Transport Control: 212
Chinese Bureau of Operations: 351, 352
Chinese Chief of Ordnance: 234
Chinese Communists: 5, 9, 10, 33, 53, 121, 121n, 184, 301, 368, 369, 376
Chinese Executive Yuan: 369
Chinese Expeditionary Force (CEF) in Burma. See also First Burma Campaign.
advance into Burma: 84-85, 104, 134, 137
army commanders: 102
artillery: 103
Chiang's exercise of command: 97, 118n, 118-20, 124, 129, 132, 139, 140, 141, 146
command: 74, 96-97, 98-99, 387
command channels: 106
commander, 22d Division: 156

commander, 38th Division: 125, 140, 141, 141n
commander, 49th Division: 133
commander, Temporary-55th Division: 130
commander, 200th Division: 107, 246
components: 102
crimes against refugees, 96th Division: 141
delaying action, 96th Division: 133
deployment, Lashio-Mandalay defense: 129, 132-33
deployment, Shan States: 127-28
dereliction, Temporary-55th Division: 130, 131
discipline: 130, 137, 141
disregard of Stilwell's command: 108, 127, 130, 130-31, 132, 133-34, 137
equipment: 103
evacuation to China: 138, 139, 143-47
evacuation to India: 139, 140-42
evacuation, 22d Division: 141
evacuation, 28th Division: 146-47
evacuation, 29th Division: 147
evacuation, 38th Division: 140-41
evacuation, 49th Division: 147
evacuation, Temporary-55th Division: 131
evacuation, 93d Division: 147
evacuation, 96th Division: 141-42
evacuation, 200th Division: 146
Lashio defense: 132-35
medical service: 103
meritorious action: 108-09, 125-26
movement restrictions, Mandalay: 104
officer incompetence: 130, 141, 151
Pyinmana plan: 121-23, 127, 129
reception in India, 38th Division: 140
strength: 103
supply, maintenance: 104
Taunggyi retaken, 5th Army Command: 133-34, 134-35
Toungoo defense, 200th Division: 105-09
trucks: 130, 131, 134
withdrawal, 49th Division: 133-34
withdrawal, 93d Division: 131, 133
Yenangyaung battle, 38th Division: 125-26
Chinese Expeditionary Force (Yunnan). See Y-Force.
Chinese General Staff: 156, 251, 254, 257
Chinese General Staff Mission to Burma: 98, 105, 106, 108, 134
Chinese Military Mission to United States: 158n, 159n
Chinese Minister of Defense: 50
Chinese Minister of Finance: 369
Chinese Minister of War: 53, 156
Chinese Ministry of Communications: 288
Chinese Ministry of War: 35, 85, 177, 215, 251, 254, 255, 257, 292-93, 298
Chinese National Military Council: 33-34, 42, 184, 225, 235, 351
Chinese Supreme National Defense Council: 87
Chinese War Area Service Command: 207
Chinese units
Army, New First: 264, 371
Army, 2d: 182, 299, 371
Army, 5th: 55, 85, 94, 96, 97, 98, 102, 103, 105, 106, 108, 123, 129, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 143, 299, 371, 387
Army, 6th: 55, 85, 95, 96, 97, 98, 102, 103, 105, 106, 127, 128, 130, 131, 132, 133, 147, 151, 182, 298, 371, 387
Army, 8th: 265, 298, 352, 371
Army, 10th: 371
Army, 22d: 368
Army, 31st: 371
Army, 32d: 371
Army, 35th: 368
Army, 37th: 265
Army, 52d: 298, 371
Army, 53d: 298, 352, 371
Army, 54th: 182, 298, 371
Army, 60th: 299, 370, 371
Army, 66th: 99, 102, 104, 125, 129, 134, 137, 387
Army, 71st: 98, 147, 147n, 182, 298, 371
Army, 74th: 265, 269, 371
Army, 76th: 182, 352
Army, 93d: 265, 298, 352, 371
Army Command, 5th: 133, 134-35
Battalion, 2d, 2d Army Field Artillery: 294
Battalion, 71st Army Artillery: 294
Battalion, 2d Reserve: 182, 298, 309
Division, 9th: 182

Division, 22d: 99, 102, 103, 106, 107, 108, 121, 123, 127, 132, 133, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 156, 192, 215, 217, 220, 264
Division, New 22d: 370
Division, 24th: 182
Division, 28th: 102, 134, 140, 143, 146-47, 151
Division, New 28th: 182
Division, 29th: 102, 134, 146, 147
Division, New 33d: 182
Division, 36th: 147, 182, 371
Division, 38th: 102, 104, 125, 126, 127, 130, 132, 133, 134, 137, 139, 140, 141, 156, 192, 215, 217, 220, 264, 350, 374, 374n
Division, New 38th: 370
Division, 49th: 55, 85, 102, 127, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 147, 182
Division, Temporary-55th: 85, 102, 106, 107, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 143, 146, 151
Division, Temporary-57th: 182
Division, 82d: 182
Division, 87th: 147, 182
Division, 88th: 147, 182
Division, 93d: 55, 85, 102, 127, 129, 130-31, 133, 147, 182
Division, 96th: 99, 102, 103, 106, 121, 132, 133, 137, 139, 140, 141-42, 151
Division, 139th: 182
Division, 141st: 182
Division, 196th: 182
Division, 200th: 97, 99, 102, 103, 105, 106-09, 121, 127, 130, 132, 133, 134-35, 140, 146
Group Army, 5th: 295
Group Army, 32d: 120n
Regiment, 1st Reserve: 107
Regiment, 2d Reserve: 107, 146
Regiment, 113th: 125, 132, 140
Regiment, 114th: 132
Chittagong: 233
Chou Chih-jou, Maj. Gen.: 162n, 275n
Christian, Capt. John LeR.: 103n, 121n
Chungking
air defense responsibility: 187, 274-75
attack by Japanese Navy feared: 323
wartime capital: 6
Chungking Conference: 52-57
Churchill, Winston S.: 52, 165, 168, 247, 330, 342, 366, 382
and Allied division of strategic responsibility: 86
appeal for naval assistance to India: 100
ARCADIA Conference: 61-63
attitude toward Chinese: 359n
and Burma command arrangements: 95
directive for SEAC: 366-67
doubt of British energy in India: 333
exchanges with Stilwell: 330, 333
implication Burma written off: 101
and naval support for retaking Burma: 258, 260
proposal to bypass Burma: 329, 358-59
proposals for SEAC: 355-57
reveals Japan, United States discussing Pacific issues: 29
supports North African assault: 157
view ANAKIM affected by shipping: 306
view on Japanese disposition to war: 40
view Yunnan invasion to follow Burma's fall: 143
and Wavell's relations with Chiang: 62, 85
Clagett, Brig. Gen. Henry B.: 27, 27n
Clark Kerr, Sir Archibald Kerr: 50
Coakley, Robert W.: 13n
Cochrane, Col. Philip G.: 366
Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS): 89, 157, 164, 168, 177, 182, 183, 214, 342, 380
and Allied command arrangements: 62, 86-87, 364, 380
and Assam airfield program: 331
and Assam line of communications: 361-62
Atlantic First policy: 165
China's exclusion: 62, 87, 158, 271, 363, 375
establishment: 61
jurisdiction over SEAC: 356, 360, 366
and lend-lease allocations: 159
Pacific subcommittee proposed: 271
and plans to retake Burma: 186, 223, 245, 269, 271, 332, 359, 366, 380
QUADRANT plans for Japan's defeat: 357-59
and Stilwell's relations with British: 74
TRIDENT recommendations: 332

and Wingate's Long-Range Penetration Group proposals: 366
Command relationships. See also Allied command arrangements.
Chennault, Tenth Air Force: 188, 198, 252, 278
Chiang, CCS: 62, 87, 269, 375
SEAC: 364, 379-80
Stilwell, Alexander: 95-96
Stilwell, AMMISCA: 93
Stilwell, ATC: 268
Stilwell, Chennault: 93, 280, 281, 285-86, 345-46
Stilwell, Chiang: 71-72, 74, 96-97, 118-20
Stilwell, Chinese Army in India: 179-80, 192, 213, 217
Stilwell, CEF in Burma: 96, 108, 120
Stilwell, Tenth Air Force: 79, 92
Stilwell, Wavell: 74, 80, 86
Y-Force: 292, 296-98, 350
Communications. See also Air transport; Burma Road; Ledo Road.
AMMISCA's interest: 30, 32, 44, 90
Assam line: 203-04, 227, 228, 229, 244, 334, 344, 360-63, 363-64, 381-84
Bengal and Assam Railway: 203, 229, 344, 361, 383-84
Burma Railways: 8, 14, 46, 82, 104
Burma's rivers: 82
via Cape of Good Hope: 157
in China: 6, 81, 264, 288-89, 363
and China-based air power: 57, 250, 269, 277, 281
impracticable routes proposed: 75n, 77n, 287
India-China: 97, 114, 135, 136, 247, 387. See also Ledo Road.
Indian: 81-82, 201
Indian ports: 203, 206, 383
via Indochina: 8, 67
Japanese rail project: 233
pipelines: 290, 332, 332n, 361, 362
QUADRANT decisions: 360-63
Rangoon line: 44-48, 55, 83, 178, 179, 224, 225-26, 227, 229, 249, 270, 281, 290, 304, 326, 332, 361, 387, 389
road construction proposals: 14, 76-78, 89
Soong's program: 14, 47
trucks: 14, 15, 16, 47, 48, 81
Yunnan-Burma Railway project: 14, 15, 47, 160n
Condon, Brig. W. E. H.: 101n
Container plants: 290
Cooke, Admiral Charles M., Jr.: 328n
Co-ordinator of Information: 31
Corcoran, David M.: 19n
Cowan, Maj. Gen. David: 102
Crawford, Brig. Gen. Robert W.: 77n
Criminal jurisdiction, U.S. forces in India: 196
Cunningham, Admiral A. B.: 356
Currie, Lauchlin: 139, 182, 183, 193, 213, 222, 224, 234
and aid to China: 15-17, 20, 37, 47, 159, 180
arranges British aircraft transfers: 20, 25
Chinese Air Force program: 17, 20-21, 21n, 23
discouragement of quid pro quo policy: 41, 185, 185n, 224, 262
missions to China: 13-14, 167, 172, 180-83
reaffirms policy on China-aid diversions: 114-15
recommends copy to Stilwell, President's messages: 180
and reinforcements for Burma: 114
statement on Stilwell's role: 180-81
supports road construction proposals: 76-77
supports Stilwell: 180
suggests Stilwell's transfer: 186, 186n, 277
views on Stilwell's relations with Chiang: 180, 186n

Davidson, Brig. Gen. Howard C.: 346
Davies, John P., Jr.: 202n
Davis, Harold C.: 46n
Dawson, Col. Leo H.: 79
Dawson, Maj. Louis Y.: 207n
Deane, Col. John R.: 114n
Deane, Maj. Gen. William R.: 279n
Dennys, Maj. Gen. L. E.: 28, 50, 53, 55, 56, 59
Devers, Lt. Gen. Jacob L.: 376

Deyo, Capt. Morton L.: 11
Dill, Field Marshal Sir John: 214, 227, 249, 250, 259, 272, 274, 275, 276, 290, 357
Disease: 82, 201
British troops: 143, 227, 233
Burma refugees: 141
Chinese Army: 295, 308, 374
cholera: 233
control: 47, 196, 308
intestinal: 82, 141, 202, 233, 295, 308, 350
Japanese labor force: 233
malaria: 47, 141, 143, 196, 202, 213, 227, 233, 250, 263, 308, 350, 374
plague: 202, 308
smallpox: 202
venereal: 196
Division of Defense Aid Reports: 14
Donovan, Col. William J.: 31
Doolittle, Col. James H.: 79, 112, 162
Dorman-Smith, Sir Reginald Hugh: 58
Dorn, Col. Frank: 105, 182, 235, 241, 256, 292, 350, 351, 352
Douglas, Air Marshal Sir Sholto: 356
Drum, Lt. Gen. Hugh A.: 63-70, 71, 73, 74, 76
Drysdale, Lt. Col. Walter S.: 6n

Edward, Col. Harvey: 204n
Eglin, Col. H. W. T.: 25n
Egypt: 157, 169
Eisenhower, Lt. Gen. Dwight D.: 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 87, 156, 247
Engineer Aviation Battalion, 823d: 244, 306, 307
Engineer General Service Regiment, 330th: 348
Engineer Regiment, 45th: 206, 244, 306, 307
Engineers, Office of the Chief: 47
Evacuation Hospital, 48th: 308
Evacuation Hospital, 73d: 308
Evill, Air Marshal Douglas C. S.: 199n

Fellers, Col. Bonner F.: 157n
Ferris, Brig. Gen. Benjamin G.: 105, 192, 194, 194-96, 197, 218, 226, 247, 248, 249
Field Artillery School, Fort Sill, Okla.: 294
Fighter Group, 23d: 91, 113, 114, 161, 162, 199, 337
Fighter Group, 51st: 92, 346
Fighter Group, 80th: 346
Fighter Squadron, 16th: 200
Fighter Squadron, 449th: 346
First Burma Campaign. See also Burma;
Chinese Expeditionary Force in Burma.
air support: 53, 92, 93, 109-14, 116, 134, 141, 142, 143, 147-48
Allied command arrangements: 86-87, 94-96
Allied evacuation: 138-48
American staff, liaison: 105
American reinforcements: 137-38
British casualties: 109, 123, 126, 140, 140n
British strength: 102n, 124, 124n
British withdrawals: 106, 109, 123-24, 126, 137
Chinese counteroffensive, Salween front: 147
Chinese deployment, Shan States: 127-28
Chinese movement into Burma: 84-85, 104
Chinese offer of troops: 53-56, 84-85
Chinese supply, maintenance: 104
intelligence: 103, 111-12, 129, 130
Irrawaddy front: 121-27
Japanese air attacks: 110, 113, 148
Japanese casualties: 148n
Japanese guerrilla activity: 110
Japanese mobility: 85, 131
Japanese naval action: 99-100
Japanese plans: 84, 103, 128, 129, 129n, 139, 143-44
Japanese reinforcements: 102, 103, 132
Japanese strength: 83, 148
Japanese underestimated: 84-85, 128, 130, 132
Lashio defense: 127-35
Mandalay concentration: 133, 137, 138
oil fields burned: 125
order of battle, opposing forces: 102
pro-Japanese Burmans: 110-11
Pyinmana plan: 120, 121-23, 127, 127n, 129
Rangoon, lower Burma lost: 83-84
reconnaissance: 109, 110, 113, 126, 130
Stilwell's analysis: 148, 151
Stilwell's command problems: 96, 97, 108, 117-20, 118n, 124, 129, 130-31, 132, 133-34, 134
Stilwell's initial plan: 97, 98

Stilwell's plan for Irrawaddy counteroffensive: 127
strength of opposing forces: 148
Taunggyi retaken: 134-35
Thai troops: 127-28, 146, 147
threat to India prevents reinforcements: 99-101
Toungoo defense: 98, 105-09
truck shortage: 130, 131, 134
Yenangyaung battle: 125-26, 133
Yunnan action: 147
Flying Tigers. See American Volunteer Group; China Air Task Force; Fourteenth Air Force.
Foreign Economic Administration: 211
Foucar, Col. E. C. V.: 85n
Fourteenth Air Force
activation: 284
airlift protection: 285, 338
antishipping campaign: 337-39
bomber losses: 347
Chinese-American Composite Wing: 346-47
claims of shipping sunk: 313, 313n, 338, 338n
command relationships: 364
Commanding General: 284
comparative score, summer 1943: 347
created as separate air force for Chennault: 278, 279
forward bases: 288-89, 314, 320, 337, 363, 367
and Japanese Yangtze foray: 335
orders from Chiang: 335
President's promises regarding: 278
reinforcements: 338, 346-47, 374, 375, 382
strength: 278, 338
supply problems: 288-89, 313, 319-20, 363, 367
Franks, Col. John B.: 235n
Freeman, Maj. Paul L., Jr.: 76n
French Indochina
Japanese occupation: 8, 22, 23, 128
proposals for Chinese action: 67, 98, 184
proposed inclusion in SEAC area: 380-81
French North Africa: 64, 157, 222, 232, 246
Freseman, Comdr. William L.: 279n
Friends Ambulance Unit: 142
Fu Tso Yi, Gen.: 368
Fujiwara, Lt. Col. Iwaichi: 354n
Fuller, Col. William A.: 217

GALAHAD: 366
Gandhi, Mohandas K.: 158, 202, 210n
Gauss, Clarence E.: 29, 29n, 177, 186n
General Hospital, 20th: 308
General Motors Corporation: 48
George, Col. Harold L.: 79n
German Army: 7, 21-22, 61, 157, 246
German Military Mission: 6, 28, 386
Germany
Balkan occupation: 21-22
conquest of Crete: 21-22
conquest of Europe: 7, 8
invasion of Soviet Union: 22
and Japanese interest in Suez: 101
Middle East link with Japan feared: 100
North African successes: 157
offer of mediation: 10
pact with Soviet Union: 9
treaty with Japan, Italy: 8
Stalingrad reversal: 246
Gerow, Maj. Gen. Leonard T.: 20n
Giffard, Gen. Sir George: 304
Gilbert Islands: 359
Glenn, Brig. Gen. Edgar E.: 280, 285
Gluckman, Lt. Col. Arcadi: 36n, 42
Gokteik gorge: 46
Good Hope, Cape of: 157
Graham, Ray A.: 13n
Great Britain. See also British aid to China; British Chiefs of Staff; Churchill, Winston S.; Royal Air Force; Royal Navy.
Burma Road closure: 8-9
concern to avoid war with Japan: 19
Far Eastern possessions threatened: 22
India viewed more vital than Burma: 100-101
Madagascar's occupation: 100
needs given first call on U.S. aid: 8, 12, 13, 15
proposals to bypass Burma: 329-30, 358-59, 381
reciprocal aid agreement: 208
request for Chinese assistance in Burma: 84

responsibility for retaking Burma: 152. See also ANAKIM; SAUCY
sphere of strategic responsibility: 86
U. S. assistance for India: 100
Grindley, Capt. John H.: 104
Gross, Maj. Gen. Charles P.: 381
Gruber, Brig. Gen. William R.: 135, 136, 140, 169, 170, 177
Guadalcanal Island: 222, 269
Guerrillas: 65, 65n, 76, 91, 98
British-trained Chinese: 120, 120n
Chindits: 302, 303-04, 366
Chinese attitude: 91
Japanese, in Burma: 110
Kachin: 308-09
Gurkha guards: 19
GYMNAST: 64

Haas, Senior Surgeon (Lt. Col.) Victor H.: 308
Haddon, Brig. Gen. Julian B.: 280
Hainan: 23
HALPRO: 79, 92, 163
Halverson, Col. Harry A.: 79
Hambleton, Capt. Roscoe L.: 143
Handy, Maj. Gen. Thomas T.: 63n, 167, 182, 235, 282, 326, 335, 366
Hart, Admiral Thomas C.: 22n
Hartley, Gen. Sir Alan: 226
Hattori, Col. Takushiro: 354n
Hayashi, Lt. Col.: 232
Hayashi, Lt. Col. Taro: 146n
Haymaker, Lt. Kenneth G.: 108, 109
Haynes, Brig. Gen. Caleb V.: 78, 200
Hearn, Brig. Gen. Thomas G.: 105, 194, 215, 267, 286, 335
Hellman, Marco F.: 46n
Hermes, H. M. S.: 99
Hindustan Aircraft Corporation: 200-201
Hilldring, Brig. Gen. John H.: 114n
Hines, Col. Charles: 12n
Hitler, Adolf: 7, 22, 61
Ho Yao-tzo, Gen.: 78n
Ho Ying-chin, Gen.: 181, 257, 293, 340
and China's lend-lease program: 258, 259, 265
and Chinese contribution to ANAKIM: 276
and Chinese troops for Burma's defense: 95
and combined staff question: 156, 384
and Hong Kong support: 53
posts: 33, 50, 56, 73, 87, 89
relations with Stilwell: 90, 230-31, 371-72, 377, 379, 385
relief mentioned: 265, 266
and replacements for Chinese Army in India: 215
supports Stilwell in crisis: 377
and Tulsa incident: 59
"watch and wait" policy: 281
Y-Force diversions: 340
and Y-Force problems: 352
Hoag, Brig. Gen. Earl S.: 382
Holcombe, Brig. Gen. William H.: 217, 307n
Hong Kong: 53, 251, 357
Hoover, Herbert C.: 4
Hopkins, Harry L.: 15, 37, 39, 41, 45, 47, 60, 78, 164, 165, 167, 168, 272, 319, 374
support of Chennault: 254, 261, 277
Hornbeck, Stanley K.: 11
Hou, Fisher T.: 108n
Hsiung Shih-fei, Lt. Gen.: 158n
Hsueh Yueh, Lt. Gen.: 240
Hu Tsung-nan, Lt. Gen.: 240, 368
Huang Shan: 120
Hull, Cordell: 12, 39
Hull, Brig. Gen. John E.: 287n
Hump. See Air transport; Air Transport Command.
Hutton, Lt. Gen. T. J.: 85

Iido, Lt. Gen. Shojiro: 102
Imphal road: 77, 77n, 89, 90
Inada, Maj. Gen. Masazumi: 354
India
airfield congestion: 165, 289
airfield construction program: 279, 290-91, 317, 326, 331, 332, 333, 334, 341-45, 348, 381
bombings: 314, 315
Calcutta, principal U.S. base: 206, 303
civil disturbances: 206, 223
Civilian Transport Corps: 307
climate: 82, 201, 202
coal miners: 215

communications: 81-82, 201, 203-04, 227, 228, 229, 334, 360-63, 363-64, 381-84. See also Ledo Road.
container plants: 290
criminal jurisdiction over U.S. forces: 196
defense forces: 100-101, 140, 140n
disease: 82, 201, 202, 308
exports: 208
food: 202-03, 206, 208
Japanese invasion plans: 139, 143, 232-33, 353-54
jeopardy: 99-101
labor: 205, 307
manufactures: 201, 209, 211, 314
mountain barrier: 81, 82, 233, 304
nationalism: 81, 202, 206
nationalist attitude toward American aid: 202, 210, 210n
Northwest Frontier Province: 100
objections to Chinese Army in India expansion: 213-14, 215
population pressure: 202
port problems: 203, 206, 303
pro-Japanese sentiment: 206
Railway Commission: 383
reception of Chinese troops: 140
reciprocal aid: 205, 207-11
relations with British War Cabinet: 214
SOS engineering projects: 290
SOS bases: 204-07
steel mills: 314
tea industry: 203, 204
transport agreement with China: 77
U.S. efforts to reinforce: 100, 114
U.S. railway operations proposed: 203, 383-84
Wavell made Viceroy: 334
India Air Task Force: 200
India-China Ferry Command: 200, 200n
India-China Wing, Air Transport Command. See Air Transport Command, India-China Wing.
Indochina. See French Indochina.
Ingersoll, Admiral Royal E.: 39n
Inspector General, SOS, CBI: 267
Institute of Pacific Relations: 376
Interpreters: 219-20, 294
Irwin, Lt. Gen. N. M. S.: 302
Italy: 7, 8, 21

Japan. See also Air operations; First Burma Campaign.
assets frozen: 23
Axis orientation: 6-7, 8
blockade of China: 5-6, 81, 135, 148
bombing from China planned: 12-13, 20-21, 23, 71, 75, 83, 92, 241, 253, 269, 277, 321, 357, 358, 359
Burmese co-operation: 110-11
Changsha drive: 31, 53
Chinese proposal to defeat, in 1942: 56-57
containment in China hoped: 12, 13, 20, 23, 25
defensive disposition, Burma: 233, 234
diplomatic codes broken: 22
early aggressions in China: 3-5
and Germany in Middle East: 100, 101
Hainan taken: 23
held overextended: 55
India invasion plans: 139, 143, 232-33, 252, 353-54
Indochina occupation: 8, 23
jungle tactics: 303
Midway losses: 222
oil embargo against: 22, 23-24, 24n, 40
pact with Soviet Union: 15
passivity in China: 184-85
Pearl Harbor attack: 9, 50, 61
plans for southward advance: 22
preparations for Allied Burma offensive: 353-54
puppet regime in China: 7
railroad construction, Burma: 233
reaction to Doolittle raid: 162-63
strategic gains in Burma: 148
synthetic oil: 22n
treatment of prisoners: 233
Yangtze foray: 301, 335, 336
Yunnan feint: 38
Yunnan invasion plans: 143-46, 232, 252
Japanese units
Air Division, 3d: 321, 337, 338, 347
Air Division, 5th: 109, 110, 314
Army, 11th: 301, 335, 340
Army, 15th: 102, 103, 128, 139, 143, 146, 232, 233, 252, 354n
Army, Burma Area: 314, 354

Army, North China Area: 184
Army, Southern: 232, 233, 354, 354n
Battalion, 2d Mountain Artillery: 125
Brigade, 14th: 336
Brigade, 17th Independent Mixed: 335, 336
China Expeditionary Forces: 163, 321, 354
Division, 3d: 335
Division, 6th: 336
Division, 13th: 335, 336
Division, 17th: 103
Division, 18th: 102, 103, 128, 129n, 132, 133, 138, 143, 147, 233, 234, 308-09
Division, 21st: 128
Division, 33d: 83, 84, 102, 103, 107, 110, 127, 128, 129, 129n, 133, 139, 233, 234, 302
Division, 34th: 335, 336
Division, 35th: 335, 336
Division, 40th: 335, 336
Division, 55th: 83, 84, 102, 103, 106, 107, 108, 120, 128, 129, 129n, 132, 133, 233, 234, 302
Division, 56th: 102, 103, 128, 129n, 131, 143, 146, 147, 234, 299, 300, 354
Regiment, 55th: 102
Regiment, 56th: 102, 147
Regiment, 112th: 102, 107
Regiment, 113th: 102
Regiment, 114th: 102, 309
Regiment, 143d: 102, 107, 108
Regiment, 146th: 102
Regiment, 148th: 102, 135, 146
Regiment, 213th: 102, 107, 139
Regiment, 214th: 102, 107, 125
Regiment, 215th: 102, 107, 109, 126, 139
Regiment, Reconnaissance (56th Army): 146
Tank Regiment, 1st: 102
Tank Regiment, 14th: 102, 128
Johnson, Louis: 15n
Johnson, Nelson T.: 9, 10
Joint Board: 21, 23, 24, 24n, 29, 30, 37, 39
Joint British and American Staff Committee: 242
Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS): 85, 86, 199, 272, 313, 356, 357
approbation of Stilwell: 247
British liaison agency: 199
division on Stilwell-Chennault issue: 324
fear Japanese ground reaction to air offensive: 331
Joint Strategic Survey Committee: 330
Ledo Road commitments: 362
and plans to retake Burma: 222-23, 245-47, 258-59, 269, 270, 327-29, 359, 360
plans to hasten Japan's defeat: 358
strategic concept of aid to China, Soviet Union: 270
Strategic Plan for the Defeat of Japan: 328, 332
views on proposal to bypass Burma: 330, 358
Joint Military Council: 56, 56n, 59-60, 87, 89
Joint Sino-American Traveling Instructional Groups: 351
Joint Strategic Survey Committee: 330
Jones, Capt. Paul L.: 105

Kachin tribesmen: 141, 308-09
Kan Li-chu, Lt. Gen.: 96, 98, 102, 106, 127-28, 130, 131, 132, 133-34
Karachi: 93, 203, 204-05
Kawabe, Lt. Gen. Shozo: 353, 354
Kerr, Sir Archibald Kerr Clark: 50
Kiang Piao, Maj. Gen.: 235n
King, Admiral Ernest J.: 270, 271, 324, 326
Kirby, Maj. Gen. S. W.: 85n
Kittredge, Capt. Tracy B.: 8n, 24n
Knox, Frank: 11-12, 18, 20
Kohloss, Col. Fabius H.: 207, 207n, 239n, 350n, 351
Kokan, Lt. Gen. Ken: 234
Kouchi, Lt. Col. Minoru: 84n
Kroner, Brig. Gen. Hayes A.: 304n
Kung, H. H.: 369
Kung, Madame H. H.: 369, 376, 377
Kunming
Chennault's forward echelon headquarters: 337
China airlift terminal: 77
communications: 44
smuggling: 282
SOS Advance Section No. 3: 207
Y-Force training centers: 282, 292-96

Kunming Area Command: 215
Kuter, Brig. Gen. Lawrence S.: 359n

Labor, Indian: 205, 307
Langley, USS: 92
Lashio
Burma Road terminal: 8
Chinese stockpiles: 47, 134, 135
Japanese drive: 127-35
Laybourn, 1st Lt. Eugene P.: 142
Leahy, Admiral William D.: 222-23, 277, 324, 326, 333
Ledo base: 242, 244, 264, 306
Ledo Road: 141, 234, 242, 250, 264, 330, 361, 387-88
American responsibility: 229, 306, 362
and ANAKIM's modifications: 326
climate factor: 307, 348-50
construction progress: 307-08, 348
diversion of construction resources: 334, 341, 344, 348
Engineer units assigned: 244, 306
health hazards: 307, 308, 348
inception: 76-78, 89
Japanese activity threatening: 309
JCS support: 247, 362
labor: 307
pipeline paralleling: 290
protection: 273, 307, 308
QUADRANT impetus: 361-62
route terrain: 306-07
Sino-Indian agreement: 77
and SOS plans: 290
specifications: 249, 307
and Stilwell: 77, 78, 229, 247, 249-50, 289, 326, 348, 350, 387-88
supply: 247, 308, 350
value doubted: 248, 322
Lee, Brig. Gen. Raymond E.: 51n
Leighton, Lt. Comdr. Bruce: 10, 11
Leighton, Richard M.: 13n
Lend-Lease Act: 13, 14, 15, 30, 386
Lend-lease aid. See Aid to China.
Lend-Lease Administration: 14
Li Mo-an, Lt. Gen.: 120n
Liao Yao-shiang, Maj. Gen.: 156, 180n
Liaison Committee. See President's Liaison Committee.
Lin Wei, Lt. Gen.: 96, 98, 106, 132, 134
Ling Wen-wei, Lt. Gen. See Lin Wei, Lt. Gen.
Liu, C. S.: 75n
Liu Fei, Gen.: 239
Liu, Col. John: 192, 230
Lo Cho-ying, Lt. Gen.: 124, 133, 134, 137, 138
appointed Stilwell's executive: 120
and Chinese Army in India command: 155, 179, 180n, 217, 231
disregard of Stilwell: 132
diversion of Chinese Army in India replacements: 217
removal: 241, 255
reprimands Kan: 130
and troops' pay: 217
urges Tu retreat to India: 140
and Y-Force preparations: 255
Lockhead, Archie: 11n
Long-Range Penetration Groups: 366
Lovett, Robert A.: 20n, 164
Lung Yun: 265, 293, 350
Lutes, Maj. Gen. LeRoy: 305n

MacArthur, Gen. Douglas: 23, 24n, 31n, 87
McCabe, Col. Frederick: 105, 131, 194, 218
McCabe, Thomas B.: 60n
McCammon, Lt. Col. John E.: 76n
McCloy, John J.: 64, 65, 67, 72, 72n, 168, 181, 326
McFarland, Lt. Col. Andrew J.: 12n
McHugh, Lt. Col. James M.: 248, 254
MacMorland, Col. Edward E.: 11n, 30n, 89, 91, 95, 193, 194
McNarney, Maj. Gen. Joseph T.: 327
Ma Tseng-liu, Gen.: 215
Mack, C. E.: 27n
Macready, Lt. Gen. G. N.: 306n
Madagascar: 100, 101
Magruder, Brig. Gen. John: 73, 76n, 95, 120, 384. See also American Military Mission to China.
and Chinese communications problems: 44, 90-91
and Chinese emergency arms requests: 37-40
and Chinese lend-lease transfer: 57-60, 60n
and Chinese proposals for Allied unity: 50-51, 52

and Chinese supply agencies: 42
concept of mission: 30, 42
directives: 29-30, 49, 50-51, 90, 91, 93
efforts to promote Chinese effort: 51, 53, 90-91, 160
instructions to staff: 32
Joint Military Council membership: 56, 89
limitations on powers: 29-30, 38, 39, 50, 51
named AMMISCA head: 29
officer assignments: 32
orders Rangoon stores destroyed: 84
prewar service in China: 6n, 28
recommends ordnance priorities: 42
recommends quid pro quo policy: 160, 223, 282, 386
relation to U.S. Ambassador: 29, 29n
shipments request: 31
staff composition: 30, 31, 43, 75
and Thirty Division Program: 42-43, 75
view Chinese disposed let others fight: 251
view on Chinese Army: 41-42, 43, 83, 386
view Japan overextended: 55
view on support of Chiang: 31, 83
view on Wavell's refusal of Chinese help: 56
warns China publicity misleading: 82-83
Malaria. See Disease.
Malaya, rubber: 22
Mallaby, Maj. Gen. A. W. S.: 334
Malony, Maj. Gen. Harry J.: 105n
Manchuria: 4
Manila: 39
Mao Pang-tzo, Maj. Gen.: 10
Mao-Chennault proposals: 10-12, 14
Margetts, Col. Nelson E.: 6n
Marianas Islands: 357
Marshall, Gen. George C.: 12, 17, 28, 30, 31, 39, 64, 66, 67, 72, 73, 75, 94, 121, 139, 151, 158, 163, 169, 172, 181, 190, 200, 245, 248, 251, 255, 256, 258, 263, 265, 266, 284, 296, 321, 322, 325, 329, 334, 338, 339, 353, 363, 364, 384, 385
and air support for Burma: 92, 114
and air support for India: 100
appreciation of Chinese soldier: 250, 386
appreciation of Stilwell's qualities: 70, 71, 95, 96n, 186n, 281, 283, 377
and Assam airfield construction: 290, 342
and Atlantic First policy: 64
and Burma command problem: 95-96
characterization of Mountbatten: 364
and Chennault issue: 251, 277-78, 280-81, 317-18, 323, 324, 354
and Chennault's command status: 285, 345
and Chennault's supply problem: 250, 280, 285-86, 381, 382
and China-based air power: 68, 250, 251, 270, 277, 281
and Chinese Army reform: 68, 71, 264, 281, 331, 386
choice of Stilwell: 70, 71
concept of U.S. role in China: 65, 68, 69
concern for ground strength: 280-81, 331
efforts to support Stilwell: 152, 186, 246-47, 249, 277-78
enlists Soong's co-operation: 229, 246
exposition of CBI strategy: 250
forwards Stilwell's reports to President: 246
and Indian objections to Chinese Army in India expansion: 214, 217
and long-range penetration groups: 366
opposes oil embargo against Japan: 22, 23
opposes transport diversion from Sicily operation: 287
overruled by President: 278-81
and plans to retake Burma: 223, 246-47, 249, 250, 258-59, 270, 277, 326, 330, 331
proposal to arm Indian troops with Chinese lend-lease: 152
and proposals to recall Stilwell: 175, 186, 186n, 345, 375, 376-77
and quid pro quo policy: 41, 223, 261, 278, 282-83, 386
reply to Three Demands: 224
service in China: 27, 386
transfers China airlift to ATC: 268
and unified Allied command: 68
view, essential reopen Burma Road: 152, 270
views on Pacific policy, November 1941: 40
Marshall Islands: 359

Matériel Squadron, 59th: 200
Matsuyama, Lt. Gen. Sukezo: 102, 234
Mayer, Lt. Col. William: 6n, 28
Medical Battalion, 151st: 308
Medical Depot Company, 7th: 308
Medical training: 218-19
Medical units
British: 104, 217
Evacuation Hospital, 48th: 308
Evacuation Hospital, 73d: 308
Friends Ambulance Unit: 142
General Hospital, 20th: 308
Medical Battalion, 151st: 308
Medical Depot Company, 7th: 308
Red Cross: 217
Seagrave: 103-04, 142, 217
Station Hospital, 98th: 217, 308
Station Hospital, 159th: 204
Veterinary Company, 1st (Separate): 308
Mediterranean: 21-22, 246, 330
Merrill, Col. Frank D.: 105, 106, 108, 109, 112, 126, 228, 244, 334, 347-48
Middle East
crisis: 157, 169
diversions to: 157-58, 169-71
Japanese-German junction feared: 100
situation improves: 246
Midway naval victory: 222
Milani, Lt. Col. Frank: 228n
Miles, Brig. Gen. Sherman: 23n, 28
Moore, Maj. Gen. R. C.: 20n
Morgenthau, Henry: 12
Morocco, Sultan of: 279, 280
Mountbatten, Vice-Adm. Lord Louis: 363. See also Southeast Asia Command.
and amphibious operations: 380
attitude on Stilwell's recall: 377
Chiang's confidence: 380
and China's air tonnage: 380
and Chinese acceptance of SEAC: 379-81
compromise on Thailand, Indochina: 380-81
directive from Churchill: 366-67
and Indian communications problems: 383-84
named Supreme Allied Commander, Southeast Asia: 360, 389
relations with Stilwell: 364-66
and Stilwell's appointment as Deputy SACSEA: 364, 376, 379n
Munitions Assignments Board
Chinese membership question: 158, 375
Chinese tonnage assignments: 160-61, 167-68
function: 158, 159
head: 167
repossession of Chinese stocks: 159, 160
Stilwell as agent: 160, 161, 192
Munitions Assignments Committee (Ground): 160, 167-68
Mutaguchi, Lt. Gen. Renya: 102, 233, 234, 308, 353, 354n
Myitkyina
air attacks: 148
airfield: 229
airlift terminal: 93
fall: 146

Naga Hills: 81
Naga tribesmen: 348
Naiden, Brig. Gen. Earl L. 79, 93, 167n, 200n
Native employees, India: 205, 207
Navy Department: 11-12, 18, 18n, 39, 223
Negro units
Engineer Aviation Battalion, 823d: 244, 306, 307
Engineer General Service Regiment, 45th: 206, 244, 306, 307
Netherlands Indies
naval support: 52
oil: 22, 24, 269, 329-30
New Guinea: 269
Newkirk, Jack: 112
Newport News, Va.: 48, 160
North Africa: 64, 157, 222, 232, 246
Nowakowski, Maj. Felix: 105
Numata, Lt. Gen. Takazo: 354n

O'Hara, Capt. Donald M.: 104, 104n
Oil
embargo: 22, 24
Netherlands Indies: 22, 23-24, 24n, 269, 329-30
Yenangyaung: 84, 125
Old, Brig. Gen. William D.: 242
Oliver, Col. Robert C.: 200

Operations Division, WDGS
planning more aggressive: 222
and plans for retaking Burma: 223, 245
proposal arm Indian troops with Chinese lend-lease: 152
and quid pro quo policy: 185n, 223
and Three Demands: 223
view on ATC operation, China airlift: 268
view on British ANAKIM requirements: 305
view on China airlift potential: 152, 330
view China airlift token operation: 264
view on proposed Sumatra operations: 330
view responsibility reopening Burma Road primarily British: 152
Ordnance
ammunition shortage: 20, 26, 201
Chinese Army: 34
Chinese arsenals: 34, 42, 319n, 327
Chinese disposition to hoard: 31, 34, 183
Chinese requests: 8, 14, 37
Chinese stocks: 234-35
priorities recommended by Magruder: 42
problems of Chinese specifications: 11, 26-27
shipment urged by Magruder: 31
Stilwell's "minimum essential": 75
for Thirty Division Program: 11, 14, 16, 25-26, 42, 75-76, 185, 186, 225, 225n
Tulsa cargo: 37
U.S. resources limited: 8, 20, 25, 37, 63
Osmun, Col. Russell A.: 304

Pacific Fleet: 41, 61
Pacific Front proposals: 181, 182, 194
Pacific War Council: 86n
Pan American Airways: 93, 163
Panama Canal closed to Japanese: 24n
Panay, USS: 11
Pawley, Edward: 18-19
Pawley, William D.: 10, 11, 18, 24, 25
PEANUT: 318, 318n
Pearl Harbor: 9, 50, 61
Peck, Col. De Witt: 63n
Pegu Yoma: 82
Peirse, Air Chief Marshal Sir Richard: 226
Peng Pi-shen, Gen.: 133
Pershing, Gen. John J.: 67
Peterson, Maj. Gen. Virgil L.: 267n
Philippine Commonwealth: 23, 24n, 30, 37, 40, 41, 55
Phillips, William: 304
Pick, Maj. Gen. Lewis A.: 307n
Pipelines: 290, 332, 332n, 361, 362
Port Blair: 116
Powell, Lt. Col. William B.: 220n
President's Liaison Committee: 10, 11n
Prisoners of war: 233
PROJECT 8: 367
Proposal to Organize and Train a Chinese Force in India: 135-36
Pursuit Group, 23d: 91, 113, 114, 161, 162, 199, 337
Pursuit Group, 51st: 92, 346
Pursuit Squadron, 74th: 199
Pursuit Squadron, 75th: 199
Pursuit Squadron, 76th: 199

QUADRANT Conference: 357-67, 380, 381, 388
Quartermaster Battalion (Port), 393d: 204
Quo Tai-shi: 50

Radio teams: 137, 196
Railroads
Burma: 8, 14, 46, 82, 104
China: 81
India: 81, 203, 229, 344, 361, 383-84
Japanese construction: 233
U.S. operations proposed: 203, 383-84
Yunnan-Burma Railway project: 14, 15, 47, 160n, 308
Yunnan-Indochina Railway: 8
RAINBOW Plans: 63
Ramgarh Training Center: 185, 250, 306, 323, 385. See also Chinese Army in India.
activation: 194, 214
capacity, facilities: 213
and Chih Hui Pu: 215-16, 218
Chinese responsibilities: 215
commandant: 194, 218
expansion: 213-14, 264
Indian responsibilities: 214
instruction: 218-19, 220
objection of coal mine operators: 215
post organization, functions: 217-18
problems of language, culture: 219-20
providing instructors for other units: 257
replacements, fillers: 215, 217

Rangoon
bombing: 110, 116, 117, 148
Chinese stockpiles: 47, 48
communications line to Kunming: 44
customs procedures: 46
fall: 84
Japanese agents: 31
lend-lease stores disposal: 84
plans to retake: 97-98. See also ANAKIM; SAUCY
and SOS supply plans: 290
truck assembly project: 48
viewed essential to supply China: 178, 179, 249
RAVENOUS: 232
Rayens, Col. Charles E.: 65n
Reciprocal aid: 205, 207-11
Refugees: 99, 140, 141-42, 142n, 163
Reybold, Brig. Gen. Eugene: 28n
Roads. See also Burma Road; Ledo Road.
construction proposals: 14, 76-78, 89
Imphal: 77, 78, 89, 182
Manipur: 229
Roberts, Col. Frank N.: 105, 111-12, 121, 129, 132, 249
Rodgers, Comdr. Bertram J.: 63n
Rommel, Gen. Erwin: 157
Roosevelt, Franklin D.: 5, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16, 20, 23, 39, 40, 45, 51, 56, 63, 113, 114, 157, 182, 183, 186, 214, 261, 274, 288, 381
agreement to Stilwell's recall stated by Soong: 376
and air transport for China: 77-78, 164, 278, 287, 341-42
approves Stilwell's conduct of First Burma Campaign: 120, 139
Atlantic First policy: 165
attitude on Chiang: 61-62, 279, 325, 329
attitude on Chinese Army reform: 279, 341
attitude on Chennault's command independence: 345
and Burma command problem: 95-96
and Chennault's logistical support: 279, 288, 313, 326-27, 341-42, 374, 375, 382
and coolie route to China: 287
criticism of Stilwell: 279
personal representative, India: 304
and plans for retaking Burma: 224, 246, 247, 258, 260, 279, 326, 358, 359
policy, treat China as great power: 61-62, 62, 158
predicts war's end: 78
rejection of quid pro quo policy: 185, 186, 224-25, 262, 279, 310
reply to Three Demands: 224-25
Soong's transmission of messages: 175, 175n, 180
and Stilwell-Chennault issue: 261, 277-80, 310, 313, 317-25, 354, 388
and support for India: 100
telegrams quoted by Chiang: 171n
upholds Stilwell's lend-lease authority: 175
view all enemies equally important: 78
views on Churchill's SEAC proposals: 356-57
and Wavell's refusal of Chinese troops: 62, 85
Rowland, Sir John: 47
Royal, Capt. F. B.: 359n
Royal Air Force: 19, 20, 28, 38, 39, 93, 100, 109, 110, 112, 141, 148, 165, 182, 199, 201, 314, 315, 315n, 317, 348
Royal Engineers, Corps: 205
Royal Navy: 9, 9n, 99, 100, 182, 247, 248, 258
Russell, Brig. Gen. Carl A.: 328n
Russell, Maj. John E.: 46n, 58n

Sadiya: 14, 77
St. John, Lt. Col. Adrian: 60
Sakurai, Lt. Gen. Shozo: 233
Salt Gabelle: 374, 374n
Sanger, J. P.: 27n
SAUCY: 347, 388. See also ANAKIM.
air, naval support stressed by Chinese: 334, 340, 380
Auchinleck's views: 360-61
British attitude: 334, 359, 360, 361
Chinese attitude: 334, 335, 340
evolution from ANAKIM: 327-32
JCS support: 359, 360
Ledo base: 242, 244
and Ledo Road construction: 334, 348-49
logistical conflict with other projects: 334, 341, 348, 360-61, 363-64, 380

purpose: 332, 363
QUADRANT reaffirms: 359, 363
question of operations to follow: 358-59
SEAC responsibility for priorities: 363-64
Stilwell's views: 333, 335
Y-Force command: 341, 351, 352
Y-Force preparations: 350-53
Scobey, Lt. Col. William P.: 23n
Scott, Maj. Gen. J. Bruce: 102, 126
Seagrave, Dr. Gordon: 103, 104, 217
Seagrave medical unit: 103-04, 142, 217, 309
Services of Supply (SOS), CBI: 92, 191, 193, 198, 289n, 291
advance sections: 206-07
air freight depots: 207, 207n
and Air Service Command: 200
airfield construction: 290, 341-44
Assam communications improvement: 362
base sections: 204-06, 308
Burma Road rehabilitation: 207, 207n
Chinese lend-lease responsibilities: 205, 211-12, 387
Commanding General, CBI: 79
directives: 202
Eastern Section: 207, 350n, 351
engineering projects: 290
environmental problems: 206, 350
expansion: 192, 206-07, 267, 289-90, 383
and Indian Army standards: 209-10
Indian employees: 205
Ledo Road construction: 229, 244, 290, 306-08, 348-50, 362
local procurement: 205, 207-11
organization in China: 207
personnel requirements: 242
personnel shortage: 206, 244, 308
problems in India: 202-04
Procurement Section: 210-11
reciprocal aid accounts: 209
services to Ramgarh Training Center: 205, 215, 217-18
support of Chinese Army in India advance into Burma: 228-29, 241-44
troop units: 204, 206, 306, 348
Shang Chen, Gen.: 94n, 96, 120, 159n, 225, 230
Shelmire, Col. Horace W.: 272n
Shen Shih-hua: 212
Sibert, Maj. Gen. Franklin C.: 105, 123, 132, 192, 193, 194, 214
Signal Battalion, 52d: 92
Signal Service Battalion, 835th: 138n, 196
Sino-British relations. See also British aid to China.
British distrust of Chinese Army in India supply requests: 104
British view of Chinese: 64, 359, 359n, 381
Chinese Army in India expansion: 213-14
Chinese critical of British withdrawals: 123-24
Chinese distrust of British: 95, 97, 136, 154
Chinese lend-lease diversions: 57-60, 62, 64
Chinese troops for Burma's defense: 53-55, 55-56, 62, 64
command, First Burma Campaign: 94-96
plans to retake Burma: 247-48, 258-60
restrictions on Chinese troop movements: 104
Sino-Burmese boundary: 55
U.S. role: 64, 70-71, 74, 95, 96, 229
Sittang Bridge, Battle: 83-84
Slim, Lt. Gen. William J.: 102, 107, 108, 109, 125, 126, 127, 132, 133
Sliney, Lt. Col. George W.: 43-44, 91, 105
Smith, Brig. Gen. Walter B.: 169n.
Smuggling: 45, 282
SNOW WHITE: 318n
Solomon Islands: 222, 230, 269, 314
Somervell, Lt. Gen. Brehon B.: 208, 258
advice to Stilwell: 378, 378n
ANAKIM conferences, CBI: 272-74, 276
analysis of ATC problems: 382
and Assam communications: 381, 383-84
command: 267, 272n, 384
and India-China communications: 362-63, 381, 382-84
logistical support for SEAC: 360, 362-63, 389
and question of Stilwell's recall: 376-77, 389
and SOS expansion, CBI: 289
SEAC mission to China: 376, 389
Stimson's esteem: 379
survey of Calcutta port problems: 383

views on British ANAKIM requirements: 305
views QUADRANT tonnage target attainable: 380
Somerville, Admiral Sir James: 99, 248
Soong, T. V.: 37, 39, 41, 64, 158, 159, 160, 161, 164, 183, 258, 262, 276, 319, 334, 374
aid mission: 8
and air transport for China: 77, 168, 287-88
and alleged plan to oust Chiang: 376
AVG contract: 18, 24
biographical note: 8n
breach with sisters: 369
as channel of communication: 161, 175, 175n, 180
and Chennault's reinforcement: 326, 375, 381
and China-based air power: 10, 17, 168
and Chinese Air Force reorganization: 264
communications program: 14
complaints of bad faith: 31, 168
confidence in Stilwell's influence: 168, 256, 262
disregard of practicability: 26-27, 40, 288, 289n
efforts for Stilwell's recall: 375, 376
fall from grace: 379
lend-lease aid program: 14
offer to Stilwell: 256-58, 341
probity: 168, 172, 186
proposal for B-17 raid: 12-13
proposal for China Theater reorganization: 374-75
replacement recommended: 186n
request for Navy dive bombers: 40
statement U.S. commander acceptable to Chinese Army: 71
as Stilwell's ally: 229-31, 232, 246, 266
and Stilwell-Chennault issue: 256-58, 292, 317, 326-27
and Thirty Division Program: 14, 25, 42, 184, 371
threats of separate peace: 168, 326
warns against Stilwell as Deputy SACSEA: 376
warns Stilwell on pressing reform: 240
and Y-Force preparations: 230, 231, 232, 239, 240, 254, 255, 259, 264-66, 298, 310, 388
Soong-Stimson agreements: 78
on Chennault's status: 73, 73n
Chiang not fully informed: 180, 181
Chinese repudiation: 94, 118
on Stilwell's mission, status: 71, 72, 73, 118
Southeast Asia Command (SEAC)
chief administrative officer: 364
Chinese assent: 376, 379-81
Churchill-Roosevelt negotiations: 355-57
circumstances of creation: 355, 389
command relationships: 364
commander (SACSEA): 360, 389
deputy commander: 364, 379, 379n, 389
directive: 366-67
geographic area: 364, 380-81
jurisdiction over: 360, 366
logistical support: 360-63
long-range penetration group program: 366
tonnage priorities authority: 364
U.S. infantry assignment: 366
Soviet Union
arms for China: 15
defeat feared by Chinese: 28
German invasion: 22
pact with Germany: 9
pact with Japan: 15
war with Finland: 7
and war with Japan: 51, 51n
war progress: 61, 246
Stalin, Marshal Joseph V.: 51
Stalingrad: 246
Stark, Admiral Harold R.: 18, 22, 23, 24n, 40
State Department: 9, 11, 29, 37, 39, 41, 386. See also Currie, Lauchlin; Hull, Cordell.
Station Hospital, 98th: 217, 308
Station Hospital, 159th: 204
Steel Corporation of Bengal: 314
Stettinius, Edward L., Jr.: 60n
Stilwell, Lt. Gen. Joseph W.: 69, 81, 82, 115, 124, 126, 137, 203, 206, 276, 304, 305, 309, 330, 363, 383
air plans: 187-90, 199-200, 251
and Allied command arrangements, Burma: 72, 73, 74, 86-87, 94-96

and ANAKIM command arrangements: 272-73
analysis, Burma defeat: 148
analysis, China Theater prospects: 177-78
arrival, CBI: 93
and Assam airfield program: 290-91
assignment to China: 28, 70-71, 386
authority challenged by Chiang: 173-75
and British part in retaking Burma: 152, 179, 226-29, 231-32, 244, 247-50, 255, 258-59, 333, 387
campaign to remove: 371-72, 375, 376, 384
caustic wit: 318
and Chennault issue: 261, 277-80, 317-18, 322, 323-24, 354, 388
and Chennault's claims: 253, 313
and Chennault's command status: 275, 285, 345
and Chennault's reinforcement: 346, 374
as chief of staff, China Theater: 73, 87, 175-77, 181, 191-92, 230n, 387
and China airlift: 75, 78, 164, 165, 167, 171, 185, 187, 188, 212, 224, 240, 251-52, 255, 267-68, 285, 331
and China Defense Supplies, Inc.: 74-75, 75n, 258, 325
and China Theater supply lines: 288-89
and Chinese Air Force: 187, 264
and Chinese Army in India: 155-56, 179, 180n, 185, 192, 212-14, 217, 230, 231, 264, 350, 387
and Chinese lend-lease transfers: 114, 152, 169-71
Chinese self-help, object: 261
code name: 318n
and combined staff, China Theater: 73, 87, 89, 91, 94, 156, 177, 181, 186n, 191-92, 288, 384, 386
command, CEF in Burma: 96, 97, 99, 102, 108, 117, 118n, 118-20, 132, 387-88
command organization, CBI: 75, 76, 78-80, 93-94, 191-98, 266-67, 387
command relationship, ATC: 268, 350
command relationship, Alexander: 96
command relationship, Chiang: 87-89, 220
command relationship, Wavell: 74, 80, 86, 197, 220
command status: 72, 72n, 73, 76
command technique, Burma: 105, 106
communications ignored by Chiang: 177, 230n, 230-31
concept of mission: 71, 74, 179
conduct of Burma campaign commended: 120, 139
confidence in Chinese soldier: 218, 282
conflicting responsibilities: 87-89, 174, 341, 378
Currie's support: 180, 186
decorations: 282
as acting Deputy SACSEA: 356-57, 364, 366, 376, 379, 379n, 389
detractors: 282, 345, 371-72, 376
directives: 74, 80, 387
draft agreement for Chinese Army reorganization: 264
and establishing U.S. air power in China: 162, 163
football phraseology: 278n
GYMNAST commander-designate: 64
headquarters organization: 193-98, 220-21
hope of north Burma stand: 138
initial program requirements: 75-76
intelligence problem, Burma: 111-12, 129, 130, 132
and Japanese drive to Lashio: 129-30, 132-35
jaundice: 152
and Ledo Road: 77, 78, 229, 247, 249-50, 289, 326, 348-50, 387-88
lend-lease role: 73, 159-61, 173-74, 175, 212, 258, 265, 375, 387
liaison with CEF, Burma: 131, 134
liaison with President: 180, 246
march from Burma: 138-39, 142-43, 387
Marshall's appraisals: 70-71, 96n, 283
Marshall's support: 152, 246, 246-47, 249, 262, 263, 265-66, 277, 281, 282, 317-18, 345
mission unnecessary?: 298, 320
nominates Bissell to command Tenth Air Force: 194, 198-99
objectives: 75, 256-57
opposes Bissell's recall: 285

orders disregarded: 107, 108, 118-20, 127, 130, 134, 137
Pacific Front proposals: 181, 182
personal qualities: 70, 71, 143, 283, 318
personal staff and liaison system, Burma: 105
plans, First Burma Campaign: 97
plans for offensive action in China: 98, 151, 157, 241, 367-69, 376
plans to retake Burma: 136, 151, 178-79, 224, 225-29, 231-32, 241-50, 254-55, 257, 258-60, 269, 387-88
plan for Toungoo stand: 98
prestige with Chinese: 64-65, 168, 256, 257, 262, 352-53, 367
prewar experience in China: 6, 6n, 70, 386
Program for China: 371-73
promotion: 80, 80n
proposal for CCS Pacific subcommittee: 271-72
proposal for Indochina raid: 184
Proposal to Organize and Train a Chinese Force in India: 135-36, 138-39
proposal for strategic plans committee: 325
proposes Wavell's replacement: 333
Pyinmama plan: 120, 121-23, 127, 127n, 129
quid pro quo policy: 178-79, 185, 223, 255, 261, 263-64, 278, 282, 325, 341, 388
recall question: 152, 174, 186, 186n, 230, 248, 277, 317, 345, 376, 377-78, 389
recommendations for Chinese Army reform: 151, 153-54, 176-77, 257, 263-64, 371, 372-73, 388
relations with Chen Cheng: 240, 301, 310
relations with Chennault: 93, 162, 189-90, 251-52, 253, 281, 283, 285-86, 318, 378-79
relations with Chiang: 156, 162, 174, 180, 186, 186-87, 248, 278, 279, 317, 318, 340, 376, 377n, 377-79, 384
relations with Madame Chiang: 254, 369, 370
relations with Ho: 90, 230-31, 258, 371-72, 379, 384, 385
relations with Lo: 217, 255
relations with Mountbatten: 364-66
relations with Soong: 168, 172, 229-31, 256-58, 262, 266, 310, 375, 376
relations with Wavell: 214, 248, 333
request for British-trained Kiangsi guerrillas: 120
requests for U.S. troops: 75, 121, 151, 179, 222, 242, 246, 247
signature offends Chinese: 369n, 370
Soong's offer: 256-57
Soong's plan to eliminate: 375
Soong-Stimson agreement on mission, status: 73, 94, 181
statement of powers, responsibilities: 174
Stimson's support: 152, 262-63, 265-66
survey, U.S. projects, India: 347-48
and Tenth Air Force: 92, 116, 161, 198-99, 201, 226
and Tenth Air Force diversions: 169-71
and Thirty Division Program: 75, 98, 159, 184, 185, 187, 190, 207, 224, 225, 256, 263-64, 369-70
and Three Demands: 172-73, 174-75, 177-80, 190, 222, 224
tonnage problem: 240, 283, 285-87, 291, 313, 332-33, 334-35
Toungoo defense: 105-09
and U.S. support for China: 157, 177, 224, 225, 242, 244-47, 255, 257, 263
views on air power potentialities: 176
views Burma vital to China's supply: 78, 178, 229
views on Chennault plan: 322, 325, 338-39, 384
views Chiang likely seek extended control: 325
views on Chinese General Staff: 257
views on Chinese hints of separate peace: 177
views on Chinese military performance: 6
views Chinese propaganda handicap: 282, 298
views on Chinese war attitude: 186, 190, 251, 333, 335, 341, 353
views on Chinese withdrawal from spring offensive: 262, 263
views on ground forces relationship to bombing operations against Japan: 322, 323-24, 325

views mission to reform Chinese Army at end: 384-85, 389
views on President's estimate of Chiang: 325
views on TRIDENT decision for ANAKIM: 333
views on use of Communist troops: 121, 121n, 368, 376
warned by Soong against pressing reform: 240
and Y-Force preparations: 234-41, 254-55, 256, 257, 264-66, 292, 293, 296, 298-301, 350, 352, 369-70, 380
Stilwell Mission: 267, 385. See also China, Burma and India Theater of Operations; Stilwell, Lt. Gen, Joseph W.; U.S. Task Force in China.
Stilwell Road. See Ledo Road.
Stimson, Henry L.: 41, 42, 66, 69, 151, 256, 266, 323, 342, 373, 384
agreement with Soong on Stilwell's command status: 73
approval of quid pro quo approach: 223, 261, 283, 388
and Chennault plan: 321-22
choice of Stilwell for China: 71
commends Stilwell's conduct of Burma Campaign: 139
concept of U.S. role in China: 64, 67
discussions of Stilwell's mission: 71-73
enlists Soong's support of Stilwell: 229
letters to Stilwell: 262-63, 379
policy on Japan, as Hoover's Secretary of State: 4
proposes Drum for China post: 63
rejects proposal transfer Stilwell: 186, 186n
support of Stilwell: 152, 186, 229, 263, 265-66
view American must command in Burma: 73n
view on American role in Sino-British relations: 64, 229
view on Presidential emissaries: 379
view on Stilwell-Chennault relations: 253-54
view on TRIDENT decisions: 333
view on War Department responsibility for AVG: 202
view Y-Force supply objective increased Hump capacity: 342
Strategic Plan for the Defeat of Japan: 328, 332
Stratemeyer, Maj. Gen. George E.: 335, 345, 346-47, 374
Strong, Col. Frederick S., Jr.: 290n, 342n
Styer, Maj. Gen. Wilhelm D.: 363n
Submarines: 273, 305-06
Suez Canal: 101, 157, 169
Sumatra: 329-30, 334, 363
Sun Li-jen, Maj. Gen.: 125-26, 140-41, 141n, 156, 180n, 374, 374n
Supreme Commander, India. See Wavell, Field Marshal Sir Archibald P.
Sutherland, Lt. Col. Edwin M.: 37n, 206

Tables of Organization and Equipment
CBI Theater of Operations: 198
Y-Force: 298-301
Tai An-lan, Maj. Gen.: 107, 146
Takeshita, Lt. Col. Masahiko: 111n
Takeuchi, Lt. Gen. Yutaka: 84n, 102, 146n
Tamraz, Col. John M.: 308
Tanaka, Lt. Gen. Shinichi: 111n, 146n
Tansey, Brig. Gen. Patrick H.: 305n
Taranto: 9, 9n
Tata steel mills: 314
Tate, Col, Ferdinand J.: 307
Tate, Col. Robert F.: 291n
Tea, and British morale: 204
Tedder, Air Marshal Sir Arthur W.: 356
Teng Pao Shan: 368
Tenth Air Force: 152, 173, 191, 193, 198, 228, 244, 348
action: 116, 117, 148, 315
Air Service Command: 200-201
aircraft shortage: 114, 116
aircraft strength: 79, 92, 116, 199, 199n, 315
British command: 115n, 199
Chennault requests independence: 188
chiefs of staff: 79, 242
commanding generals: 78, 194, 198-99, 346
diversions to Middle East: 157, 162, 169-71
established in India: 78-79, 92-93

and establishing U.S. air power in China: 78-79, 162
expansion: 192
Ferry Command organization: 79, 93, 200
Karachi American Air Base Command: 200
logistical difficulties: 201
organization: 79, 199-201
problems of environment: 201
problems of strategy, command: 201
responsibilities: 78-79, 199, 314, 315
Stilwell's control: 79, 92, 199, 201, 226
support of India: 100, 114, 117, 199
training: 200
undeterred by monsoon: 315, 317
Thailand
Burma invaded from: 83
Japanese designs: 22, 40
Japanese forces, holding: 128
proposals for Chinese action: 66, 67, 136
proposed inclusion in SEAC: 380-81
Three Demands: 172-73
enlarged version: 275
modification: 177-81
U.S. reply: 198, 222-25
Thirty Division Program: 65, 235, 385, 386. See also Chinese Army; Y-Force.
AMMISCA's reports on: 42-43
Chiang's approval: 42, 184, 369
Chinese action: 187, 190, 224, 235
Chinese plans: 42-43
Chinese-supplied equipment: 42
designation of divisions: 42, 42n, 98, 184, 369, 370-71
inception: 11, 14, 24n
initial lend-lease program: 25-26
planned strength: 42
requisition problem: 26-27
Stilwell's plan to double: 225, 263-64, 266
and Stilwell's Program for China: 372-73
Stilwell requests general directive from Chiang: 369-70
Stilwell's supply requests: 75, 185, 187
supervision, control of lend-lease for: 207
training plans: 42, 264, 285
and Y-Force: 370
Tibet: 287
Timberlake, Maj. Patrick W.: 20n
Timberman, Col. Thomas S.: 226, 230n, 247, 344n
Time magazine: 285
Tobruk: 157
Tokyo, B-25 raid: 112, 162
Tong, Hollington: 91
TORCH: 222, 270, 329
Trans-India Ferry Command: 200n
Transportation, Chief of: 381
Treasury Department: 11, 27, 386
Treaties and agreements
criminal jurisdiction over U.S. forces in India: 196
Japan-Germany-Italy, 1940: 8
reciprocal aid: 207-09
Russo-German, 1939: 9
Russo-Japanese, 1941: 15
Sino-Indian transport: 77
Soong-Stimson, on Stilwell's mission: 73, 73n
TRIDENT Conference: 320, 327-36, 339-40, 341, 354, 355, 358, 359, 360, 363, 374, 382, 388
Troop Carrier Squadron, Second: 317
Tseng Yang-fu, Brig. Gen.: 47, 257
Tu Yu-ming, Lt. Gen.: 96, 98, 102, 105, 106, 107, 108, 118, 121, 124, 127, 129, 132, 134, 140, 146, 155, 241, 259, 265
Tulsa, SS: 37
Tulsa incident: 57-60, 84, 161
Tungsten: 183
Twitty, Lt. Col. Joseph J.: 57, 58, 59, 60, 104

United States. See also Aid to China; Roosevelt, Franklin D.; War Department.
Ambassadors to China. See Gauss, Clarence E.; Johnson, Nelson T.
and Atlantic First policy: 8, 14, 39, 39n, 51, 63, 64, 78, 165, 222, 270
dependence on Malayan rubber: 22
economic sanctions against Japan: 23-24, 40
emphasis on Pacific commitments: 270
emphasis on support of Britain: 8, 12
freezes Japanese assets: 23
garrisons in China: 27, 386
historic interest in China: 3, 385-86
military attachés, China: 6n, 28

munitions stocks limited: 8, 20, 25, 37-38, 41, 63
nonprovocation policy toward Japan: 8
normal imports from India: 208
Pacific policy, November 1941: 40
perturbed by Japanese imperialism: 3
Philippine reinforcement: 23, 24n, 37-38, 40, 55
plans lacking for Sino-American war effort: 49, 50, 63
policy divergencies on China: 64-70, 328-29, 341
policy on foreign munitions orders: 12
policy of nonrecognition of acquisition by aggression: 4
Sinophile faction: 23, 82-83
sphere of strategic responsibility: 86
support of Asiatic nationalism: 3, 27, 202, 386
U.S. Air Freight Line: 136
U.S. Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE): 23, 24n, 31n
U.S. Kunming Area Command: 193
U.S. Mobilization Training Programs: 218
U.S. Navy
AVG escort: 18
communications facilities, China: 62n
dive bombers requested by China: 40
Midway victory: 222
Pacific Fleet damage, Pearl Harbor: 61
and plans to retake Burma: 223, 271
replacement of Royal Navy units: 100
views on China-based air power: 11-12
U.S. Public Health Service: 308
U.S. Task Force in China. See also China, Burma and India Theater of Operations; Stilwell, Lt. Gen. Joseph W.
designation: 75, 76
evolution of CBI Theater of Operations from: 191-93, 266-67
organization: 76, 78-80, 93-94
supply plan: 79, 204
Universal Trading Corporation: 7, 11n, 211

Vincent, Col. Clinton D.: 240n, 337
Vizagapatam: 206

Wang Ching-wei: 7
Wang Wen-hsien: 299n
War Department: 11, 37, 39, 52, 53, 57, 63, 86, 91, 93, 114, 117, 121, 139, 160, 162, 180, 181, 185, 194, 203, 242, 270, 279, 313, 377. See also Marshall, Gen. George C.; Operations Division, WDGS; Stimson, Henry L.
AVG support: 18, 18n, 19-20
China's military problems familiar: 27, 32
and Chinese communications projects: 47, 48, 77, 164, 165
and Chinese lend-lease transfers: 57, 58, 60, 157
and Chinese proposal for B-17's to bomb Japan: 12-13
and Chinese requisitions: 26-27, 197-98, 386
choice of Stilwell: 70-71
co-ordination of CBI air problems: 345
decision for mission to China: 27-29
directive to AMMISCA: 29-30, 90, 91
directive to SOS, CBI: 202
directive to Stilwell: 74, 378, 387
directive to Tenth Air Force: 92
divergent concepts of U.S. role in China: 64-70
and evolution of CBI Theater: 191, 192-93
expanded concept of aid to China: 76-80
fund approval no guarantee: 16-17
Japanese containment idea: 13
Notes on China: 65
overruled by President: 279
provision of technicians for China: 31, 48
and quid pro quo policy: 160. See also Aid for China.
reply to Three Demands: 198, 222-24
and Soong program: 15-17, 17n, 25-26
and Stilwell's lend-lease responsibilities: 159-60
supply directive: 204, 387
support for Stilwell: 75-76, 78, 177-78, 198, 199, 199n, 225, 244-45, 246-47
transfers China airlift to ATC: 267-68
transport aircraft assignments: 165, 185
view on British interest in Chinese belligerency: 13
view on Chennault plan: 280
view on Chinese Army potentialities: 32, 42

view on Chinese specifications: 15, 26
view Japanese overextended: 55
views on plans to retake Burma: 226, 245-47
Warder, Kenneth M.: 275n
Warspite, H.M.S.: 99
Waters, Brig. Gen. Jerome J.: 293, 294, 350n
Wavell, Field Marshal Sir Archibald P.: 52, 100, 135, 136, 170, 172, 185, 241, 263, 331, 364
acceptance of Chinese support: 55-56, 85
and airfield construction program: 290-91
attempt to retake Akyab: 302-03
and Chinese Army in India: 140, 214, 226, 227
command reorganization: 304
and First Burma Campaign: 55-56, 84, 86, 100, 101, 109, 123
lend-lease requirements for ANAKIM: 305
Mediterranean action: 21
named to command ABDACOM: 61-62
named Viceroy of India: 333-34
and plans for retaking Burma: 152, 226-29, 231-32, 242-44, 245, 246, 247-50, 258, 259, 260, 272, 276-77, 329, 331, 387-88
relations with Chinese: 55-56, 57, 62, 74
relations with Stilwell: 214, 248, 333
Stilwell's command relationship: 74, 80, 86, 197, 220
and Tenth Air Force: 92, 116, 117, 199
view Japanese overextended: 55
Wedemeyer, Brig. Gen. Albert C.: 181n, 240n, 282, 334
Welles, Sumner: 17
Wheeler, Maj. Gen. Raymond A.: 136, 174, 194, 205, 207, 208, 210, 221, 309, 360, 383, 387. See also Services of Supply.
agreement on handling Chinese lend-lease: 212
and airfield construction program: 326, 341-45
declines Indian railway operation: 203
directives: 202
and Ledo Road: 307
named chief administrative officer, SEAC: 364
named to command SOS, CBI: 79
problems in India: 202-04
and reorganization, Chinese SOS: 239, 239n, 241
and SOS expansion: 267, 289-90
and support of Chinese advance from India: 241-42
and Tenth Air Force supply: 200
Willcox, Maj. Henry C.: 206
Willkie, Wendell L.: 252, 254, 318, 320
Wilson, Maj. James: 90-91
Winant, John: 333
Wingate, Brig. Orde Charles: 123n, 303-04, 309, 353, 366
Wood, Col. Walter S.: 296
Wyman, Lt. Col. Willard G.: 105, 140

Y-Force. See also Chinese Army.
air tonnage problem: 313, 319, 319n, 332-33, 334-35, 385
American responsibilities: 292, 298, 301, 350
Artillery Training Center: 282, 293-95, 301
Chinese failures: 294, 295-96, 298, 351-52
Chinese ordnance resources: 234-35, 301
command: 239, 241, 259, 265, 272, 293, 296, 352, 369-70, 371, 380
concentration: 241, 265, 298, 351, 369-70, 371
directive requested by Stilwell: 369-70
diversions to central front: 301, 335, 340
equipment, supply: 234-35, 239-40, 245, 266, 300-301, 305, 313, 319, 319n, 332-33, 335, 350-51
excursion into Burma, 2d Reserve Division: 309
inception: 182, 234, 310
Infantry Training Center: 282, 293, 295-96, 301
interpreters: 294, 295
Joint Sino-American Traveling Instructional Groups: 351
lend-lease contribution: 301, 305
local obstruction: 293-94, 296, 352
offensive action in China envisaged: 241, 371
physical condition of troops: 294, 295, 296
and politics: 234, 240, 352
private Chinese views: 352

reorganization: 235-39, 298-301, 351, 369-70
SOS: 239, 264, 298, 351, 369, 370, 371
Stilwell's recommendations: 239, 264, 266
strength, planned: 241, 298-301
Tables of Organization and Equipment: 235, 298-301
and Thirty Division Program: 370
training program: 292, 295
U.S. instructors: 241n, 245, 292-93, 294
and YOKE-Force: 350-52
Yanagida, Lt. Gen. Genzo: 102, 234
YOKE-Force Operations Staff: 350-52
Yoshida, Col. Motohisa: 146n
Young, Philip: 11n
Youngman, William S.: 76n
Yount, Col, Paul F.: 204
Yu Fei-peng, Gen.: 44, 58, 59, 60, 104, 239, 240, 241, 298
Yu Ta-wei, Maj. Gen.: 42, 53, 234, 241, 340
Yunnan-Burma Railway: 14, 15, 47, 160n, 308
Yunnan-Indochina Railway: 8

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