Index

    Aachen: 409
    Adlerhorst: 414, 418, 422
    Aegean Sea: 371, 372
    Air attacks
      Allied: 119, 212, 312, 372, 389, 411-12, 413, 439, 461, 489
      German: 9-10, 133, 135, 212, 343, 353, 389
      Soviet: 135, 141, 231, 267, 269, 289, 321, 323, 324, 332, 342, 394, 429, 435, 488
    Air doctrine, German: 212-13
    Air doctrine, Soviet: 26
    Air Force, German: 9-10, 61, 133, 144, 212-13, 293. See also Air attacks, German; Air units, German; Goering, Reichsmarschall Hermann; Luftwaffe.
    Air Force, Soviet: 29, 140, 146-47, 191. See also Air attacks, Soviet.
    Air reconnaissance, German: 128, 261, 264, 325, 337, 350, 356, 443
    Air strength, German: 9, 18, 59, 61, 92-93, 133, 135-36, 311-12, 319, 321, 411, 424
    Air strength, Soviet: 29, 32, 50, 52, 135-36, 140, 146-47, 296, 321, 350, 373, 418, 424, 470
    Air supply, German. See Logistics, German, supply operations by air.
    Air supply, Soviet. See Logistics, Soviet, supply operations by air.
    Air support, German: 61, 92, 93-94, 133, 135, 212, 213, 300, 319, 343
    Air support, Soviet: 141, 146-47, 191, 241, 321, 342, 467-69
    Air units, German
      air force field divisions: 20, 48-49, 62, 100, 115, 248
        2d: 199, 200
        10th: 251, 253
      First Air Force: 10, 197
      Second Air Force: 10, 18
      Fourth Air Force: 10, 18, 61, 69, 77, 92-93, 135, 319, 353
      Fifth Air Force: 10
      Sixth Air Force: 135, 319, 321
    Aircraft, German: 281, 284, 411
      HE- 111's: 61
      JU-52's: 59, 61, 234, 282, 283, 372
      Stukas: 135, 263, 300, 343
    Aircraft, Soviet: 29, 85
    Aircraft production
      German: 133, 311-12, 411, 412
      Soviet: 26, 27, 29
    Akhtyrka: 151, 152, 156, 157
    Aksay River: 63, 64, 71
    Åland Islands: 268, 391
    Albania: 365, 371, 375, 382, 411
    Allenstein: 430
    Allied forces: 25, 109, 137, 143, 256, 300, 339, 348, 349, 365, 367, 373-74, 388, 395, 396-97, 409, 420, 456-57, 463, 469, 484. See also Air attacks, Allied; Armies, U.S.; Army Group 21, British; Eisenhower, General of the Army Dwight D.; Great Britain; Montgomery, Field Marshal Sir Bernard L.; United States.
      and Ardennes offensive: 385, 410, 414, 418-19, 439
      and drive to Berlin: 409, 411-12, 439, 467, 470, 471, 473, 489, 492, 495, 496, 497, 498, 503
      at Elbe: 472, 473, 482, 492
      and second front: 119, 121, 129, 163, 182, 210, 216-17, 223, 265, 272-73, 280, 293, 309-12
      and surrender of Germans: 495-99
    Allmendinger, General der Infanterie Karl: 293, 294, 295
    Alps: 456, 481
    Alsace offensive, German: 419
    Alta: 401
    Alte Oder: 474
    Ammunition shortages, German. See Logistics, German, shortages, ammunition.
    Ammunition shortages, Soviet. See Logistics, Soviet, shortages, ammunition.
    Anklam: 491, 492
    Antipartisan operations, German: 105, 113-15, 131, 202-03, 308-09. See also Partisan operations.
    Antitank weapons, German: 53, 120, 144-45, 300, 301, 303, 472
    Antitank weapons, Soviet: 129, 147, 452
    Antonescu, Marshal Ion: 122, 157, 164, 179, 244, 284, 287, 290, 291, 294, 348, 349, 349n, 350, 351, 352, 359
    Anzio landings: 256, 272
    Apatin: 381, 382
    Apostolovo: 240, 242, 243, 244, 282
    Arad: 358, 360, 361, 373
    Arkhangelskoye: 244
    Arctic, operations in: 396-403
    Arctic Ocean: 10
    Arctic Ocean Highway: 268, 399-400
    Ardennes offensive: 385, 410, 414, 418-19, 439
    Armeeabteilungen
      definition: 68n
      Fretter-Pico 68, 74, 75, 84, 86. See also Armeegruppen, Fretter-Pico.
      Hollidt: 71, 74, 75, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 137. See also Armies, German, Sixth.

--521--

      Kempf: 90. See also Armeeabteilungen, Lanz.
        Operation HABICHT: 127
        Operation ZITADELLE: 133-37
        renamed Eighth Army: 153
        summer campaign, 1943: 149-53, 156
        winter campaign, 1942-43: 91-96
      Lanz: 86, 89, 90, 91
      Narva: 265, 328, 403, 404, 405, 406
      Samland: 445. See also Armies, German, Third Panzer.
      Serbia: 375-77. See also Southeastern Theater Command.
      Steiner: 477
    Armeegruppen
      Dumitrescu: 346, 351
      Fretter-Pico: 359, 362n, 379, 383. See also Armies, German, Sixth.
      Heinrici: 416, 427, 459. See also Armies, German, First Panzer.
      Hoth: 60, 60n
      Woehler: 346, 350-52, 362, 362n, 364, 381. See also Armies, German, Eighth.
    Armia Krajowa (Polish Home Army): 340, 344
    Armies, Bulgarian
      First: 375
      Second: 382
    Armies, German. See also Armeeabteilungen.
      Army of East Prussia: 470, 496, 498
      Army of Norway: 9, 10, 209, 401
      First Panzer: 17
        arrest of Schoerner: 498
        in Carpathians: 359, 362, 416
        in Caucasus: 71, 72, 75
        counteroffensive, spring 1943: 85, 86, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94-95
        in Dnepr line: 175-77, 180, 181-82, 186, 188-89
        encirclement, March 1944: 275-76, 278-83, 286, 288-89
        summer campaign, 1943: 127, 137, 138, 144, 160-62, 164-66, 168, 169
        summer campaign, 1944: 332-33, 337, 339
        winter campaign, 1943-44: 220, 222, 223, 224, 225-26, 227-38, 244, 275-76
      Second: 17, 18
        defense of Danzig-West Prussia: 416, 426, 428-30, 431, 438, 444, 459, 460, 469, 470
        in Dnepr bridgehead: 191-96, 411
        summer campaign, 1943: 152, 158-60, 164, 165, 166, 167, 170
        summer campaign, 1944: 315, 319, 320, 322, 325, 326, 328, 333, 336, 337, 341
        winter campaign, 1942-43: 81, 84, 90, 97, 115, 117, 126
      Second Panzer: 98, 115, 117, 124, 126
        in Hungary: 382, 437, 450, 454, 456
        summer campaign, 1943: 137, 138-39, 140, 141, 152
        in Yugoslavia: 367, 371, 375-76, 377-78, 382
      Third Panzer: 47, 98, 141, 160, 170. See also Armeeabteilungen, Samland.
        antipartisan operations: 113-15, 308-09
        defense of East Prussia: 416, 419, 420, 431, 445, 446
        Nevel gap: 199, 202, 204, 205-07, 481
        in Oder line: 446, 448, 459-60, 471, 477, 479, 483, 484, 485-87, 495-96
        summer campaign, 1944: 314, 315, 319-21, 323, 324, 326-29, 333-35, 337, 338, 340, 342-43, 388, 403, 405
        surrender: 496
      Fourth: 47, 98, 116, 206, 308, 485, 491
        defense of East Prussia: 416, 419, 429-32, 438, 445, 461, 470
        summer campaign, 1943: 141, 159, 164, 167, 170
        summer campaign, 1944: 315, 318, 319, 320, 321, 323, 324, 325, 326, 328, 339, 341
      Fourth Panzer
        counteroffensive, spring 1943: 90, 92, 93-97
        in Dnepr line: 184-88, 189
        on Oder and Neisse: 440-42, 443, 471, 474, 475, 476, 477
        Operation ZITADELLE: 126, 127, 129, 132, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138
        relief of Stalingrad: 49, 52, 53, 54, 54n, 56, 58, 59-65
        summer campaign, 1942: 17, 18, 19, 39, 41, 44
        summer campaign, 1943: 149-54, 156-57, 160, 164, 165, 166-67, 168, 169
        from Vistula to Oder: 416, 417, 418, 425
        winter campaign, 1942-43: 66, 69, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 84, 86, 88-90
        winter campaign, 1943-44: 218-23, 244-47, 273, 275-76, 278, 280, 282, 286, 288
      Sixth. See also Armeeabteilungen, Hollidt; Armeegruppen, Fretter-Pico.
        defeat on Dnestr: 348, 350, 351, 353-55, 356
        encirclement at Stalingrad: 50, 52-55, 57, 58, 60-65, 69-71, 75-80
        in Hungary: 353-55, 356, 359, 379, 456
        Operation BLAU: 17, 19, 22, 39-46
        spring campaign, 1944: 277-78, 282-84, 286, 289-93
        summer campaign, 1943: 138, 160-62, 165, 171, 175
        winter campaign, 1943-44: 226, 238-44, 274
        in WOTAN position: 175, 177-79, 183-84, 188
      Sixth SS Panzer: 419, 422, 427, 437, 445, 445n,

--522--

      450-55, 456
      Eighth
        Armeeabteilung Kempf renamed Eighth Army: 153
        defeat on Dnestr: 348, 355-56
        defense of Kharkov: 154-57
        in Dnepr line: 166, 168, 169, 184, 188-89
        in Hungary: 362, 362n, 454, 455
        spring campaign, 1944: 275, 276, 277-78, 279, 281, 283-85, 289, 290
        winter campaign, 1943-44: 222, 223, 226-38, 241, 244, 275
      Ninth: 81, 116
        defense of Oder line: 444, 445n, 447, 463, 464, 471, 472, 475, 476, 477
        in Dnepr bridgehead: 192, 195, 196
        encircled, April 1945: 478-80, 481-82, 483-86, 488, 492
        Operation ZITADELLE: 128-29, 131, 132, 133-36, 138-41
        in Rzhev salient: 48, 100, 105-07, 117
        summer campaign, 1943: 152, 158-60, 164, 167
        summer campaign, 1944: 315, 316, 319, 320-25, 337-38, 344, 345
        surrender: 496
        from Vistula to Oder: 416, 417, 418, 421, 423-24, 426
      Eleventh: 17, 18, 56, 100, 101
      Eleventh SS Panzer: 446, 447
      Twelfth: 479, 479n, 480, 481, 483, 484-86, 491, 492, 493
        activated: 479, 479n
        surrender: 496
      Fifteenth: 312
      Sixteenth: 101, 184, 211
        defense of Riga: 406, 407
        Nevel gap: 200, 203, 204, 207
        to PANTHER position: 248, 256, 257, 259, 264-65
        summer campaign, 1944: 327, 328, 329, 333, 336
      Seventeenth
        behind Oder: 442, 459, 466
        in Caucasus: 26, 72
        in the Crimea: 179-81, 186, 188, 238, 240, 291-95
        defense of Upper Silesia: 339, 341, 416, 417, 422, 424-25, 427
        in GOTENKOPF: 118
      Eighteenth: 101, 199, 203, 204, 205
        retreat in Baltic States: 404, 405-06
        retreat from Leningrad: 221, 248, 250-64
        summer campaign, 1944: 328, 336, 342
      Nineteenth: 457
      Twentieth Mountain: 19, 102, 197, 299, 412
        retreat from Finland: 389-403
        situation, fall 1943: 208-11
        situation, winter 1944: 267-71
      Twenty-first: 485, 491, 495-96
    Armies, Hungarian
      First: 289, 360, 362, 364, 416
      Second: 39, 66, 81, 289, 355-56, 359, 360, 362n, 382, 383
      Third: 360, 362, 362n, 364, 380, 452, 453
    Armies, Italian
      First: 119
      Eighth: 39, 49, 63, 66, 68
    Armies, Polish. See Polish Home Army.
    Armies, Rumanian
      First: 356, 362
      Third: 9, 44, 48, 49, 50, 53, 54, 56, 59, 62, 66, 71, 290, 346, 351
      Fourth: 9, 54, 54n, 55, 56, 60, 60n, 290, 291, 346
      Fourth: 356
    Armies, Soviet
      First. See Armies, Soviet, First Guards.
      First Guards: 41, 50, 68, 84, 91, 92, 94, 96, 218, 220, 276, 279
      First Guards Tank: 39, 40
        attack into Pomerania and West Prussia: 442, 457, 459, 460
        Berlin operation: 469, 471, 474, 478
        summer offensive, 1943: 151, 152
        summer offensive, 1944: 332-33, 337, 339, 341
        winter offensive, 1943-44: 218, 224-26, 228, 279, 281
      First Polish: 330, 345
      First Tank. See Armies, Soviet, First Guards Tank.
      Independent Coastal Army: 293
      Second Guards: 71, 73, 160, 329, 333
      Second Guards Tank
        advance to Oder: 438, 442, 457, 459
        advance to Warsaw: 337, 339, 341
        Berlin operation: 471, 474, 475, 476, 478, 481
      Second Shock: 111, 251, 253, 403, 405
      Second Tank. See Armies, Soviet, Second Guards Tank.
      Third: 318, 475, 476, 480
      Third Guards: 68, 177, 332, 421
      Third Guards Tank
        attack across Dnepr: 184, 187, 220
        attack across Neisse: 469, 471, 473, 478
        attack across Oder: 441-42, 443, 457
        spring offensive, 1944: 276, 279
        summer offensive, 1943: 139, 164, 171
        summer offensive, 1944: 332, 337, 341
        Vistula-Oder operation: 421, 425, 427
        winter offensive, 1942-43: 82, 92, 96
      Third Shock: 108, 199, 202, 203, 204, 459, 474
      Third Tank. See Armies, Soviet, Third Guards Tank.

--523--

      Fourth Guards: 226, 228, 277, 382, 383, 385, 435, 453, 454, 455
      Fourth Guards Tank: 50n, 70, 139
        attack across Neisse: 467, 471, 475, 476, 479, 480, 481
        attack across Oder: 457, 459
        operations in Upper Silesia: 465-67
        spring offensive, 1944: 279, 280, 281
        summer offensive, 1944: 332, 337, 342
        Vistula-Oder operation: 421, 442
      Fourth Shock: 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 326, 403, 407
      Fourth Tank. See Armies, Soviet, Fourth Guards Tank.
      Fifth: 151, 318, 343
      Fifth Guards: 137, 154, 181, 469, 482
      Fifth Guards Tank: 277
        defense of Kursk: 137
        operations in East Prussia: 429, 430, 431
        Stalingrad operation: 49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 54n, 63, 68, 75
        summer offensive, 1943: 151, 181
        summer offensive, 1944: 318, 319, 325, 333, 388, 403, 407
      Fifth Shock: 63, 68, 73, 92, 160, 474
      Fifth Tank. See Armies, Soviet, Fifth Guards Tank.
      Sixth: 50, 68, 91, 92, 94, 204
      Sixth Guards: 149, 151, 318, 319, 320, 326, 403
      Sixth Guards Tank
        operations in Hungary: 359, 360, 361, 362, 364, 371, 383, 384, 435, 437, 453, 454, 455
        spring offensive, 1944: 279
        summer offensive, 1944: 350, 355, 356
        winter offensive, 1943-44: 228
      Sixth Tank. See Armies, Soviet, Sixth Guards Tank.
      Seventh: 302, 387
      Seventh Guards: 350, 355, 379, 380, 381, 383, 435
      Eighth Guards: 177, 183, 242, 277, 282, 289, 332, 474, 478, 493
      Ninth Guards: 452, 453, 454, 455
      Tenth Guards: 159
      Eleventh: 139
      Eleventh Guards: 146, 204, 205, 206, 318, 343
      Thirteenth: 159, 220, 246, 276, 278, 332, 341, 421, 478, 479, 480
      Fourteenth: 102, 399, 400
      Nineteenth: 393
      Twentieth: 106
      Twenty-first: 41, 50, 52, 53, 76n, 78, 159, 296, 298, 465
      Twenty-second: 106
      Twenty-third: 298, 302
      Twenty-fourth: 50, 52, 76n
      Twenty-sixth: 393, 454
      Twenty-seventh: 350, 355, 359, 362, 381, 442, 454, 455
      Twenty-eighth: 179, 318, 319, 478
      Thirty-first: 106, 318
      Thirty-second: 387, 388
      Thirty-third: 318, 333, 343
      Thirty-seventh: 350
      Thirty-eighth: 185, 279, 332, 421
      Thirty-ninth: 106, 206, 318, 407, 408-09
      Fortieth: 81, 220, 224, 355, 381
      Forty-first: 106
      Forty-second: 251, 253, 255
      Forty-third: 206, 318, 403, 406, 407, 408
      Forty-sixth: 183, 242, 282, 289, 351, 352, 359, 361, 373, 374, 375, 378-86, 456
      Forty-seventh: 337, 344, 421, 474, 478
      Forty-eighth: 318
      Forty-ninth: 318
      Fiftieth: 318
      Fifty-first: 50, 52, 53, 54, 60, 71, 73, 179, 329, 403, 407
      Fifty-second: 164, 350, 421
      Fifty-third: 350, 355, 361, 373, 381
      Fifty-seventh: 50, 52, 53, 54, 76, 151, 153, 154, 350, 373, 376-77, 378, 382
      Fifty-ninth: 302, 465
      Sixtieth: 159, 185, 187, 189, 220, 246, 332, 465
      Sixty-second: 37, 40, 41, 43, 50, 76n, 78
      Sixty-third: 41, 50, 52
      Sixty-fourth: 37, 41, 50, 76n
      Sixty-fifth: 50, 52, 53, 76n, 318
      Sixty-sixth: 50, 76n
      Sixty-seventh: 111
      Seventieth: 337
    Armies, U.S.
      First: 482
      Ninth: 473, 495-96
    Armor, German use of: 50, 120, 216, 228, 362, 384, 385, 397-98, 452. See also Armor strength, German; Tanks, German.
    Armor, Soviet use of: 26, 30, 50, 52, 75, 146-47, 149, 166, 321, 362, 393, 399, 474-75. See also Armor strength, Soviet; Tanks, Soviet.
    Armor strength, German: 50, 52, 76, 76n, 127, 129, 131, 136, 144, 145, 151, 162, 197, 332, 350, 384, 385, 417, 471-72
    Armor strength, Soviet: 29, 50, 52, 75, 76, 76n, 127, 144, 145, 151, 162, 197, 296, 332, 350, 417, 470, 471-72
    Army, British Eighth: 119
    Army Group, 21, British: 483, 495
    Army Groups, German
      A. See also Army Groups, German, Center; Army Groups, German, South Ukraine.
        armies and dispositions, January 1945: 414, 416
        casualties: 412n

--524--

        in Caucasus: 63, 64, 66, 71, 72-75
        in GOTENKOPF: 85, 92, 118, 124, 143, 157, 164, 165, 171
        Operation BLAU, 1942: 3-4, 17, 18-19, 22, 39
        renamed Army Group Center, 26 January 1945: 426
        renamed Army Group South Ukraine, 5 April 1944: 286
        on south flank, 1943: 143, 152, 154, 157, 166, 177, 179, 180, 181, 183, 218, 238
        strength: 34n, 417
        winter campaign, 1945: 416-18, 419, 421-22, 423, 424, 425, 429
      B
        leaves Eastern Front: 90
        Operation BLAU, 1942: 3, 17, 18-19, 22, 39, 66
        Stalingrad: 47, 48, 49, 52, 53, 59
        strength: 34n
        winter campaign, 1942-43: 66, 68, 72, 73, 81, 82, 86, 87
      C: 411
      Center: 90, 91, 144, 151-52, 154, 223, 296, 301. See also Army Groups, German, A; Army Groups, German, North.
        under Busch, condition of: 316
        casualties: 325, 412n
        defense of Dnepr bridgehead: 189-96
        defense of East Prussia: 414, 416, 417, 418, 419, 421, 424, 425, 426, 428-33
        defense of Oder-Neisse line: 439, 442, 443, 456, 465-66, 469, 476, 477, 483
        defense of Rzhev salient: 105-08
        deployment, January 1945: 414, 416
        intelligence estimates, fall 1942: 47-49
        Nevel gap: 197-207
        1941 campaign: 9, 10, 11-13, 14, 31, 32
        Operation BUEFFEL: 115-17, 124
        Operation ZITADELLE: 124, 128, 131, 133, 136, 139-42
        partisan and antipartisan operations: 103, 104, 308-09
        renamed Army Group North, 26 January 1945: 431
        Soviet summer offensive, 1944: 313-28, 337, 338, 339n, 341, 342, 343, 345, 346, 408
        strength: 34, 34n, 314, 319, 328, 412n
        summer campaign, 1942: 17, 22, 98-100
        summer campaign, 1943: 157-73
        surrender: 496, 498, 499
      Courland: 426, 438, 459, 460, 469-70, 485, 496, 498. See also Army Groups, German, North.
      D: 5
      Don. See also Army Groups, German, South.
        activated, 20 November 1942: 56
        renamed Army Group South, 14 February 1943: 90
        Stalingrad relief operations: 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 68, 71, 72, 73, 79
        winter campaign, 1942-43: 73, 74, 75, 81-87, 90, 91
      E: 365, 369-70, 371, 373, 374-75, 377, 382, 411
      F: 364, 365, 371, 377, 378, 381, 382, 405
      North: 124, 131, 144, 154, 157, 162, 209, 210, 221, 267, 268, 416, 422. See also Army Groups, German, Center; Army Groups, German, Courland.
        defense of East Prussia: 430, 438, 459, 460, 461, 469-70
        Nevel gap: 197-207
        1941 campaign: 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 31, 99
        renamed Army Group Courland, 26 January 1945: 426
        retreat to Courland: 403-09
        retreat from Leningrad: 248-66, 273
        Soviet partisans: 103, 104, 113
        strength: 34, 34n, 412n
        summer campaign, 1942: 17, 22, 98, 100-102
        summer campaign, 1944: 324-25, 326, 327, 328, 329, 333-35, 336, 337, 338, 341, 342, 343, 348, 387-88
        winter campaign, 1943: 109-13, 117
      North Ukraine: 286, 291, 313, 314, 315, 316, 319, 320, 324, 329-33, 336-37, 341, 342, 348, 355. See also Army Groups, German, South.
      Oberrhein: 425
      Ostmark: 499
      South: 17, 33, 212, 248, 265, 291, 422, 423, 498. See also Army Groups, German, North Ukraine; Army Groups, German, South Ukraine.
        Army Group Don renamed South, 13 February 1943: 90
        Army Group South Ukraine renamed South, 23 September 1944: 360, 371, 412
        battle at Debrecen: 360-62
        in Dnepr line, fall 1943: 175-77, 179, 180, 181-89, 191, 216
        encirclement of Budapest: 378-86
        1941 campaign: 9, 11-12, 14, 31, 88
        Operation FRUEHLINGSERWACHEN: 450-54
        Operation ZITADELLE: 118, 124, 126, 127, 128, 129, 133-38, 139
        recapture of Kharkov, spring 1943: 94-105
        renamed Army Group North Ukraine, 5 April 1944: 286
        retreat from Hungary: 454-56, 466, 469
        retreat to Tisza River: 364
        siege of Budapest: 410, 414, 422, 427, 433-37, 439, 448-49
        spring campaign, 1944: 273-85, 286, 288
        strength: 412n

--525--

        summer campaign, 1943: 138, 143-44, 149-57, 158, 159-66, 168-73
        winter campaign, 1942-43: 90-94
        winter campaign, 1943-44: 218-47
      South Ukraine: 286, 290, 293, 319, 346-52, 353-60. See also Army Groups, German, A; Army Groups, German, South.
      Vistula
        activated: 425-26
        defense of Berlin: 472-88, 491-92
        defense of Pomerania and West Prussia: 431, 438, 442, 443-44, 456-61, 464
        Stargard offensive: 443-48, 456
        surrender: 495-96
    Arnhem bridges: 395
    Arnswalde: 444, 447
    Arrow-Cross Party: 358, 363, 448
    Artillery, German use of: 101, 156-57, 162, 178, 233-34, 251, 321, 469
    Artillery, Soviet use of: 32, 46, 146, 149, 156, 160, 177, 178, 184, 185, 236, 298, 321, 421
    Artillery strength, German: 9, 350, 416-17, 471-72
    Artillery strength, Soviet: 146, 296, 350, 416-17, 470, 471-72
    ASTER plan: 404, 405, 406
    Astrakhan: 133
    Athens: 372, 377
    Athens-Salonika-Belgrade railroad: 369, 370
    Atrocities: 113-15, 344n, 420, 425, 489-90
    Attentat: 335
    Auce: 404
    Aunus (Svir) Front: 102, 302
    Aurith: 444
    Austria: 439, 455
    Autinkylä: 268
    Aydar River: 84

    Bacau: 353
    Bach-Zelewski, SS-Obergruppenfuehrer Erich von dem: 203, 204, 344, 363, 464
    Bad Doberan: 495
    Bad Nauheim: 410
    Bagramyan, General Armii Ivan K.: 318, 328, 338, 339, 403-04, 405, 406-07, 432, 445
    Baja: 381-82, 452
    Bakony Forest: 453, 454
    Balaton, Lake: 382, 383, 385, 435, 436, 437, 449, 450, 452, 453, 454, 455
    Balck, General der Panzertruppen Hermann: 385, 435, 436, 454
    Baldone: 405
    Balkan Air Force (Allied): 372, 377, 382
    Balkans: 313, 339, 358, 367-78
    Baku: 18
    Balaklava: 294
    Balta: 284, 285
    Balti: 285
    Baltic coast: 47, 313, 326, 387, 419, 457, 495
    Baltic Fleet, Soviet: 268
    "Baltic Gap": 329, 333-35
    Baltic Sea: 10, 111, 268, 339, 502-03
    Baltic States: 24, 336, 482, 500. See also Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania.
    Banat: 371
    Baranovichi: 318, 319, 325, 326, 327
    Baranow: 339, 341, 342, 416, 418, 419, 421
    BARBAROSSA, plans and early operations: 7-13
    Barlad: 351, 353
    Barladul River: 353
    Barvenkovo: 94, 96
    Basic Order 13: 131
    Basic Order 22: 214
    Basic Order for the Preparations to Defend the Reich Capital: 462
    Batina: 382
    Battalion, Finnish 27th Jaeger: 390
    Bauska: 403, 404, 405
    Bautzen: 475, 476, 479, 483, 486
    Bauxite mines: 383
    Beaulieu, Generalleutnant Chales de: 342
    Beeskow: 480
    Beketovka: 53
    Bela Palanka: 375
    Belaya Tserkov': 222, 223
    Belgian volunteer forces: 231
    Belgorod: 89, 97, 133, 135, 137, 149, 151
    Belgrade: 370, 371, 372, 374, 375-76, 377, 378
    Belokalitvenskaya: 66, 73, 74
    Belomorsk: 102
    Belorussia: 296, 304, 314, 316
    Bely: 98, 106, 107
    Belyaekva: 289
    Belynichi: 323
    Belzig: 483, 484
    Berchtesgaden: 122, 244, 280, 289, 293
    Berdichev: 218, 219, 220, 224
    Beresina River: 196, 304, 314, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325
    Beresino: 323, 324
    Beria, Lavrenti P.: 29
    Berislav: 178
    Berlin: 419, 422, 445, 469, 473, 503. See also Allied forces, and drive to Berlin.
      defense of: 472, 488-89
      encirclement: 474-83
      preparations for defense: 461-64
      relief operations: 484, 485, 493
      Russians enter: 488
      Soviet advance toward: 427-28, 439-40, 442, 456, 467, 470-71
    Berlin Defense Area: 462
    Berlin-Stettin autobahn: 477
    Bernadotte, Count Folke: 490
    Bernau: 476

--526--

    Berzarin, General Polkovnik N. Z.: 490
    Beskide Mountains: 359, 360, 362-63
    Bessarabia: 9, 24, 284
    Bialystok: 11, 327, 328, 336
    BIBER plan: 314
    Bicske: 385, 452
    Bicycles: 412, 440
    Bielsk: 429
    Billefiord: 401
    BIRKE: 268-69, 299, 391, 396, 401
    Bischofsburg: 432
    Black Sea: 9, 72, 313
    BLAU, 1942: 3-4, 15-80
    BLAU, 1943-44: 248-66
    Blitzkrieg: 93-94, 145
    Blocking Force (Sperrverband) Bucovina: 288, 291
    "Bluecher" program: 413
    Bober River: 442
    Bobovnya: 325
    Bobruysk: 318, 319, 321, 322, 325
    Bock, Generalfeldmarschall Fedor von: 9, 14, 17, 18
    Boerzsenyi Mountains: 383, 384
    Bohnsdorf: 481
    Bol'shaya Lepatikha: 239, 241, 242, 243
    Bolva River: 158
    Bombing. See Air attacks, Allied; Air attacks, German; Air attacks, Soviet.
    Bor: 375
    Borisov: 304, 308, 309, 318, 325
    Bor-Komorowski, General Tadeusz: 340, 344, 345
    Bormann, Martin: 119-20, 484n, 490, 492, 493
    Bosnia: 365
    Bothnia, Gulf of: 270, 396
    Brandenburg: 471, 484, 492
    Bratislava: 448, 455, 463
    Brauchitsch, Generalfeldmarschall Walter von: 5, 7, 11, 12, 15, 31, 56, 87
    Braun, Eva: 492
    Braunsberg-Wormditt line: 438
    Breslau: 424, 425, 442, 469, 470
    Brest-Litovsk: 69, 313, 320, 326, 328, 330, 333, 336, 337
    Bridges: 48, 57, 172, 177, 184, 225, 238-39, 279, 285, 289-90, 323, 324, 325, 344, 377, 380, 382, 395, 436, 443, 452. See also River crossings.
    Brieg-Ohlau bridgehead: 442
    Brigades, Finnish
      Cavalry: 388
      3d: 298-99
      21st: 388
    Brigades, German
      Dirlewanger: 344, 344n
      Kaminski: 344, 344n
      SS Brigade Norland: 186
      303d Self-Propelled Assault Gun: 300, 301
    Brigade, Soviet, 12th Naval: 399
    Brno: 449, 456, 463, 465
    Brody: 246, 277, 286, 288, 331-32
    Bromberg: 429
    Bryansk: 31, 97
    Bryansk Forest: 104, 344n
    Bryansk-Roslavl' railroad: 167
    Bublitz: 457, 459
    Buchach: 282
    Bucharest: 353, 355
    Buda: 448
    Budapest: 358, 359, 360, 361, 363, 410-11, 420, 448, 453, 454, 461
      encirclement: 378-86
      relief operations: 414, 433-37, 439
      siege of: 433-37, 448-49
    Budenny, Marshal Semen M.: 30, 35-36
    BUEFFEL: 115-17, 124, 126, 141, 249
    Bug Liman: 282
    Bug River: 181, 223, 226, 243, 273, 274, 277, 278, 282, 283, 285, 286, 289, 332, 336
    Buhle, General der Infanterie Walter: 335
    Bukrin: 170, 184
    Bulgaria: 208, 272, 355, 358, 365, 367, 368-69, 370, 373, 504
    Bulgarian Army: 369-70, 373, 378. See also Armies, Bulgarian.
    Bunzlau: 442, 473
    Burgdorf, Generaloberst Wilhelm: 494
    Busch, Generalfeldmarschall Ernst: 192-93, 195, 203, 205-06, 314, 315-16, 321, 323-24, 345
    Busse, General der Infanterie Theodor: 423, 463. 464, 476, 480, 481, 488
    Buzau: 354
    Buzaul Valley: 355, 356
    Buzuluk River: 240, 241, 242

    C-2 rocket: 120-21
    Cairo: 349
    Carpathian Mountains: 246, 274, 281, 287, 289, 291, 313-14, 337, 346, 351, 352, 353-56, 410, 419, 422
    Castling maneuver: 91, 220-21, 453
    Casualties
      Finnish: 302-03, 388
      German: 79, 138, 213, 214, 325, 412, 412n, 500, 500n
      Rumanian: 293
      Soviet: 23, 79, 213-14, 309, 457, 500, 500n
    Caucasus: 3, 4, 15-19, 33, 39, 74
    Caucasus Mountains: 72
    Cavalry, Soviet: 90, 193-94, 246. See also Horses.
    Cavalry-Mechanized Groups, Soviet: 318n. See also Groups, Soviet, Cavalry-Mechanized.
      Baranov: 337
      First Guards: 453, 456, 466
      Gorshkov: 350, 351, 355, 362, 378-79
      Oslikovskiy: 318, 318n
      Pliyev: 318, 359, 361, 362, 364, 379, 437, 453
    Cease-fire, Soviet-Finnish: 390
    Cegled: 380

--527--

    Četnicks: 367
    Chapr Lake: 399
    Checiny: 421
    Chelm: 332
    Cherkassy: 169, 188, 189
    Cherkassy pocket: 224, 226-38, 226n, 274, 279, 289, 345
    Chernigov: 154, 170
    Chernobyl: 170, 191, 193
    Chernovtsy: 287, 288, 289
    Chernyakovskiy, General Polkovnik I. D.: 318, 325, 339, 343, 419, 431, 445
    Chevallerie, Generalleutnant Kurt von der: 98, 100, 108
    Chief of the Naval Staff, Soviet: 30
    Chief of Staff, Soviet Army: 30
    Chmielnik: 421
    Chir River: 37-38, 39, 52, 54, 55, 57, 59, 61, 62, 63, 66, 68
    Chir Station: 54, 55
    Choinice: 444
    Chortkov: 279-80, 282
    Chudovo: 253
    Chuguyev: 127, 153, 154
    Chuikov: 46, 493
    Churchill, Winston S.: 119, 267, 269, 272, 372, 420, 502
    Civil defense, German: 340
    Civilians
      German: 425, 432, 500
      Norwegian: 401
      Russian
        evacuated by Germans: 88, 116, 141, 164, 168, 172, 244, 249
        Soviet use of, as troops: 172, 189
        used by Germans for labor: 84, 141, 168
    CLAUSEWITZ: 462
    Climate. See Weather.
    Cluj: 355-56, 359-60, 362
    Coal fields: 12, 87-88, 144, 425
    Collaborator forces, German: 123, 369-70, 413, 413n
    Command Staff B, German: 477, 481, 493
    Command structure, German: 3, 5-6, 10, 76-77, 163-64, 286
    Command structure, Soviet: 25-27, 29-31, 36. See also Stavka of the Supreme Command.
    Commands, Soviet
      Northwest: 30
      Southwest: 30, 31
      West: 30
    Commissar of Defense: 29, 30
    Commissar system, Soviet: 26-27, 29, 36
    Committee of Three: 119-20
    Communist Party, Soviet: 29, 103, 304, 307, 309
    Conscription, German: 213
    Constanta: 293
    Corfu: 370, 373
    Corinth, Isthmus of: 373
    Corps, Finnish
      III: 298, 299
      IV: 296
    Corps, German
      I Cavalry: 435
      I SS Panzer: 427, 439, 448, 450, 452, 453
      II: 101-02, 405
      II SS Panzer: 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 280, 282, 288, 427, 439, 450, 452
      III: 152
      III Panzer: 135, 137, 222, 223, 224-26, 228, 231-33, 259, 262, 275, 276, 289
      III SS Panzer: 404, 405, 477
      IV: 54, 261
      IV Panzer: 78
      IV SS Panzer: 386, 410, 433-37, 452, 453
      VII: 79, 187, 222, 223, 224-26, 228, 283, 287
      VIII: 48, 265, 287
      IX SS Mountain: 385, 433, 437
      X: 265, 406
      XI: 78, 79, 156, 226, 228-38
      XIII: 159, 160, 164, 187, 189, 219, 222, 246-47, 288, 332-33
      XIV Panzer: 39, 41, 53, 57, 78
      XVII: 59, 63
      XVIII Mountain: 102, 268, 269, 393, 395, 396-97, 401
      XIX Mountain: 102, 238, 268, 396, 397-400, 401
      XX: 484, 491
      XXI Mountain: 382
      XXIII: 135
      XXIV Panzer: 39, 137, 138, 187, 222, 421, 423, 424, 425, 427
      XXVII: 243
      XXVIII: 408
      XXIX: 162
      XXX: 241-43
      XXXVI Mountain: 102, 136, 268, 269, 270, 271, 393, 395, 396, 401
      XXXVII Panzer: 135
      XXXX Panzer: 184, 185, 424
      XXXXI Panzer: 135, 480, 484, 485, 492
      XXXXII: 222, 223, 224, 225, 227-38, 279
      XXXXIII: 197
      XXXXVI Panzer: 135, 222, 224-26, 279
      XXXXVII Panzer: 226, 228, 231, 284, 285
      XXXXVIII Panzer
        at Kiev: 186-87, 189
        Operation BLAU: 39, 50
        spring campaign, 1944: 276
        at Stalingrad: 54, 61, 62, 63
        on Vistula: 421
        winter campaign, 1943-44: 220, 221, 222, 224, 247
        in ZITADELLE: 135, 137
      L: 251, 255

--528--

      LI: 58, 58n, 78, 79
      LIV: 259
      LVI Panzer: 313-14, 315, 466, 477, 480, 481
      LVII Panzer: 61, 62, 63-65, 69
      LIX: 98, 186, 189, 219, 221, 222, 223-24, 244, 247, 275, 276
      Grossdeutschland Panzer: 422, 424, 425, 427, 429, 442
      Provisional Corps Raus: 135
      SS Panzer: 86, 89-90, 91, 97. See also Corps, German, II SS Panzer.
    Corps, Hungarian
      VI: 289
      VII: 81, 289
      Corps, Italian, Alpini: 81
    Corps, Rumanian
      III: 351, 352
      VI: 53, 54, 55, 60, 61, 71
      VII: 53, 54, 54n, 60, 61, 71, 72
    Corps, Soviet
      I Guards Mechanized: 165, 166, 177
      II Guards Mechanized: 162
      III Cavalry: 79
      III Guards Tank: 74, 340-41, 459
      IV Guards Cavalry: 57, 278
      IV Guards Mechanized: 161, 278
      IV Tank: 57
      VI Stalin: 106
      VIII Cavalry: 79
      XXIII Tank: 165, 166, 177
      XXVI Tank: 57
      XXXIII Tank: 282
      LXXVII: 374
      XCIX Rifle: 399
      CXXVI Light Rifle: 399-400
      CXXVII Light Rifle: 400
      CXXXI Rifle: 399, 400
    Corps, Soviet, mechanized: 50n
    Corps Detachments, German: 234n
      B: 23, 235
      C: 246
    Cosel: 425
    Cossacks: 203
    Cottbus: 477, 479, 480
    Counterinsurgency. See Antipartisan operations, German.
    Courland: 407, 407n, 409, 410, 414-16, 427, 438-39, 457, 464
      Bay of: 430
      Fourth Battle of: 438
      Fifth Battle of: 463-64
      Sixth Battle of: 470
    Crete: 365, 367
    Crimea: 12, 32, 179-81, 186, 188, 220, 221, 238, 240, 241, 244, 275-76, 285, 286-87, 291-95, 345
    Croatia: 122, 365, 371
    Csepel Island: 381, 383
    Curzon Line: 341
    Czechoslovakia: 416, 427, 463, 465, 471, 504
    Czestochowa: 423, 424

    Danzig: 416, 425, 440, 444, 459, 460, 461
    Danzig, Bay of: 460, 469
    Danube River: 291, 351, 352-53, 354, 364, 370, 371, 372, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 381, 382, 383, 385-86, 433, 435, 436, 437, 449, 450, 452, 453, 454, 455
    Dardanelles: 358
    De Beaulieu, Generalleutnant Chales. See Beaulieu, Generalleutnant Chales de.
    Deblin: 337
    Debrecen: 359, 360, 361-62, 364, 380
    Deception, Soviet: 240-41, 314-15, 316, 401
    Decorations, German, military: 286, 388, 436, 449
    Decorations, Soviet, military: 170, 171, 264
    Degrelle, Léon: 231
    Demidov: 98, 170
    Demolition, German: 88, 140-41, 380, 399
    Demolition, by Soviet partisans: 141, 308
    Demyansk: 32, 98, 101, 102, 111-13, 115
    Denmark: 5
    Derkul River: 68, 84
    Deserters, Soviet: 41, 131, 131n
    Desna River: 117, 154, 158, 160, 164, 165-66, 167, 168, 170
    Deutsch Eylau: 430
    Deutsch-Krone: 426, 444, 444n
    Dietl, Generaloberst Eduard: 211, 267, 271, 298, 299, 302, 389
    Dietrich, SS-Oberstgruppenfuehrer Josef (Sepp): 445n
    Dirlewanger, SS-Standartenfuehrer Oscar: 344n
    Divisions, Finnish
      Armored: 298
      3d: 395
      11th: 395
      14th: 388, 391
    Divisions, German
      Adolf Hitler (SS): 73, 85, 86, 89, 139, 186, 225, 273, 276, 279, 280
      Charlemagne (SS): 488
      Clausewitz: 491
      Das Reich (SS): 73, 85, 86, 89, 90, 92, 94, 152, 156
      Doeberitz: 444
      Feldherrnhalle Panzer Grenadier: 259, 262
      Fuehrer Grenadier: 452, 469
      Frundsberg. See Divisions, German, 10th SS Panzer.
      Galicia (SS): 332
      Gross-Berlin: 444
      Grossdeutschland: 73, 89, 136, 152, 156, 341, 342

--529--

      Handschar (SS): 378
      Hermann Goering Parachute Panzer: 328, 333, 337, 340, 341-42
      Hohenstaufen. See Divisions, German, 9th SS Panzer.
      Kurmark: 444
      Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler (SS): 182
      Panzer Grenadier Nordland (SS): 406, 488
      Panzer Grenadier Wiking (SS): 64, 71, 72, 74, 94, 137, 152, 231, 234, 235, 279, 340, 386
      Scharnhorst: 491
      Theodor Koerner: 491
      Totenkopf (SS): 92, 94, 152, 156, 183, 184, 284, 337, 386
      1st Flak: 461, 462
      1st Infantry: 250
      1st Mountain: 288, 310, 374, 375, 376
      1st SS Panzer. See Divisions, German, Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler (SS).
      1st Panzer: 186
      2d Mountain: 397, 399-400
      2d Parachute: 186
      3d Mountain: 68, 354
      3d Naval: 478, 483, 484
      3d Panzer: 86, 152
      4th Panzer: 74, 186
      4th SS Police: 477, 478
      5th Flak: 354
      5th Jaeger: 477, 478, 487
      6th Mountain: 94, 397, 399-401
      6th Panzer: 49, 61, 149
      7th Air Force Field: 62, 87
      7th Mountain: 401
      7th Panzer: 62, 71, 72, 74, 152, 156, 187, 247, 276, 279, 280, 483, 486, 487
      7th SS: 73
      8th Panzer: 166, 167, 247
      9th Panzer: 241-43
      9th SS Panzer: 280, 288
      10th SS Panzer: 280, 469
      11th Panzer: 61, 71, 72, 74, 84, 86, 183
      12th Panzer: 258, 259, 261, 263, 266, 322
      13th Panzer: 161, 162, 179
      14th Panzer: 57, 181-82, 183
      16th Motorized Infantry: 55, 63, 72, 75
      16th Panzer: 57, 195-96, 225
      17th Panzer: 62-63, 94, 225, 226
      18th Artillery: 225
      19th Panzer: 340, 341-42
      22d Panzer: 49, 61
      23d Panzer: 61, 137, 241
      24th Infantry: 261
      24th Panzer: 181-83, 184, 186, 228, 229-31, 241, 243
      25th Panzer: 182, 185, 187, 209, 455, 469
      25th Panzer Grenadier: 477, 478, 483, 484, 486, 487
      29th Motorized Infantry: 49, 54
      30 Januar: 444
      57th Infantry: 156, 234
      58th Infantry: 258, 259, 261, 262
      61st Infantry: 253
      68th Infantry, 279, 280
      72d Infantry: 234, 236
      73d Infantry: 344
      75th Infantry: 279
      88th Infantry: 234
      100th Jaeger: 280
      112th Infantry: 234
      122d Infantry: 300, 301, 302, 387, 389-90
      131st Infantry: 279
      163d Infantry: 399
      167th Infantry: 149
      169th Infantry: 401
      210th Infantry: 396
      214th Infantry: 265, 273
      304th Infantry: 74
      332d Infantry: 149
      336th Infantry: 62
      340th Infantry: 247
      367th Infantry: 280
      389th Infantry: 234
      416th Infantry: 268
      454th Security: 246
      551st Grenadier: 407
    Divisions, Italian
      Celere: 68
      Sforzesca: 68
    Divisions, Rumanian
      Armored: 351
      1st Armored: 49, 50, 61
      10th: 291
    Divisions, Spanish: 19n-20n
      250th, "Blue": 144, 208, 248
    Divisions, Soviet rifle: 50n
    Divisionsgruppe van der Hoop: 397-99
    Dnepr Bend: 181, 183, 188, 222, 223, 238, 243, 275, 283
    Dnepr River: 9, 11, 31, 94, 97, 144, 149, 152, 154, 159, 165-66, 168, 170-73, 181, 218, 226, 243, 244, 273, 279, 318, 319, 321, 323
      description: 174, 238-39
      Dnepr line operations: 174-96
    Dnepropetrovsk: 66, 87, 91, 92, 94, 127, 169, 171, 183
    Dnepropetrovsk-Stalino rail line: 87, 91
    Dnestr River: 246, 274, 279, 280, 281, 284, 285, 289, 290, 346, 351, 352
    Doctrine. See also Strategy, German; Strategy, Soviet.
      German military: 500
      German staff: 362
      Soviet military: 25-28
    Doenitz, Grossadmiral Karl: 109, 259, 327, 394,

--530--

    460, 472, 477, 482, 483, 485, 490, 492, 493-94, 496-98
    Don River: 15-17, 39, 40, 47-49, 53-57, 59, 61-64, 66, 70, 72-75, 83, 86
    Don River bend: 18, 23, 37-38 39, 40-41
    Don-Chir bridgehead: 39, 59, 61, 63, 64
    Donets Basin: 31, 32, 33, 34, 87, 97, 137, 138, 144, 162, 165, 220
    Donets River: 33, 66, 68, 71, 73, 74-75, 81, 82-84, 89, 90, 96, 97, 118, 126-27, 135, 143-44, 154, 164, 172
    Donji Miholjac: 450
    Double envelopment, Soviet concept of: 145-46, 147, 148. See also Encirclement operations, German; Encirclement operations, Soviet.
    Drava River: 364, 382-83, 449, 450, 454, 455, 456
    Dresden: 440, 442, 467, 471
    Drina River: 377, 382
    Dubno: 246, 247, 276, 278
    Dubossary: 290, 291, 346
    Dudchino River: 244
    Dukla Pass: 362, 363
    Dumitrescu, Col. Gen. Petre: 346
    Dunaföldvar: 437
    Dunapentele: 436
    Dust, effect on operations: 178
    Dvina position: 404
    Dvina River: 11, 31, 159, 206, 318, 321, 327, 328, 335, 342
    Dvinsk: 249, 264, 324, 326, 327, 328
    Dzhurzhentsy: 233, 234, 235, 236, 437

    East Karelia: 299, 302, 387, 388
    East Prussia: 24, 316, 338, 339, 340, 343, 409, 416, 419, 425, 428-33, 438, 440, 445, 457n, 460, 503
    East Wall: 121, 122, 153-54, 173, 174, 249, 265. See also PANTHER position; WOTAN position.
    Eberswalde: 477, 480
    Edelsheim, General der Panzertruppen Maximilian Freiherr von: 496
    Eisenhower, General of the Army, Dwight D.: 467, 469, 496-97
    Elbe line: 483, 484
    Elbe River: 419, 443, 467, 471, 473, 482, 492, 493, 495-96, 498, 503
    Elbing: 430, 431, 438
    Elista: 75
    Emden: 483
    Encirclement operations, German: 11-12, 13, 31, 33, 40, 94, 97, 106-07, 115, 226-27, 361-62, 364
    Encirclement operations, Soviet: 14, 50, 53-61, 62-63, 69-71, 75-80, 81, 82-85, 108-09, 226-28, 240, 253-54, 261, 275-76, 278-83, 286, 288-89, 321, 322-23, 332, 354, 378-86, 442, 474-82, 483-86, 488, 492. See also Double envelopment, Soviet concept of.
    Enckell, Carl: 269
    Engineer troops, German: 225
    Envelopment. See Double envelopment, Soviet concept of; Encirclement operations, German; Encirclement operations, Soviet.
    Ercsi: 383, 435
    Erfurt: 467
    Erzgebirge: 473
    Estonia: 262, 404
    Estonian forces: 262, 263
    Esztergom: 384, 385, 386, 433, 453-54
    Eszterhaza: 414

    Fastov: 185, 187, 220
    Fehrbellin: 471
    Feldjaeger (courier) battalions: 214-15
    Ferch: 483
    Finland: 13, 19n, 24, 109, 111, 121, 126, 208-11, 248, 339, 500. See also Finnish Army; Mannerheim, Marshal Carl; Ryti, Risto.
      armistice: 387-91
      German aid to: 300-301, 302-03
      rejection of Soviet peace terms: 267-71
      Soviet Karelian offensive: 296-303
      and withdrawal of German forces: 390-403
    Finland, Gulf of; 100-101, 154, 197, 262, 298, 404
    Finnish Army: 6, 9, 10, 19n, 101, 102, 109, 208, 296-303 387, 388, 390, 393. See also Brigades, Finnish; Corps, Finnish; Divisions, Finnish.
    Finnish Lapland Command: 395
    Finnmark, Norwegian: 401
    Finow Canal: 471, 477
    Focsani: 353, 354
    Foraging, by Soviet troops: 147-48
    Forst: 457, 471, 474
    Fortifications: 75-76, 133-35, 139, 249, 416, 428, 430, 462. See also East Wall; HAGEN position; LITHUANIA position; PANTHER position; PRINZ EUGEN position; ROLLBAHN position; SCHUTZWALL position; WOTAN position.
    "Fortified places": 277, 278, 279, 288, 316, 322, 323, 330-32, 333
    France, Southern, secondary offensive in: 388
    Franco, Generalissimo Francisco: 208, 265
    Frankfurt: 428, 444, 463, 464, 471, 476, 478, 479
    Freikorps: 464
    Fretter-Pico, General der Artillerie Maximilian: 68, 359, 379-80, 383
    Friedeburg, Generaladmiral Hans-Georg von: 495, 496
    Friedland: 431-32
    Friessner, General der Infanterie Johannes: 326, 329, 333, 348, 349, 350, 351, 339-60, 362, 369
      commands Armeeabteilung Narva: 264-65
      commands Army Group North: 326
      directs retreat to Hungary: 355-58

--531--

      estimate of Army Group South Ukraine condition, July 1944: 348
      and Hitler's estimate of British and Soviet intentions: 358n
      interview with Antonescu: 351
      orders attack on Bucharest: 353
      orders retreat to Tisza: 364
      plans attack toward Budapest: 383-85
      relieved of Army Group South command: 385
      trades command with Schoerner: 336
    Frische Nehrung: 432, 460
    Frisches Haff: 461
    Fronts, Soviet: 28, 30, 147
      Belorussian: 191, 196, 223. See also Fronts, Soviet, First Belorussian.
      Bryansk: 33, 85, 136, 151, 158, 191, 202. See also Fronts, Soviet, Second Baltic.
      Central: 97, 133, 158, 159, 167, 168, 169-70, 191. See also Fronts, Soviet, Don.
      Don: 49, 50, 62, 73, 76, 76n, 79-80, 420. See also Fronts, Soviet, Central.
      Kalinin. See also Fronts, Soviet, First Baltic.
        Nevel gap: 197-99, 200-202
        offensive at Rzhev: 106-07
        renamed First Baltic Front: 202
        summer offensive, 1943: 141, 160, 170
        winter offensive, 1941-42: 32
      Karelian: 270, 296, 302
      Leningrad
        advance to Narva River: 257, 259, 264-65
        Leningrad Military District: 29
        liberation of Leningrad: 250
        offensive against Finland: 296-99, 302, 387
        operations in Baltic States: 403, 407, 408
        siege of Leningrad: 111-12, 157, 197
      South: 33, 73, 85, 138, 175. See also Fronts, Soviet, Fourth Ukrainian; Military Districts, Soviet, Odessa.
      Southeast: 40, 43. See also Fronts, Soviet, Stalingrad.
      Southwest: 32, 33, 37. See also Fronts, Soviet, Stalingrad; Fronts, Soviet, Third Ukrainian.
        disbanded, July 1942: 37
        Kharkov offensive, 1942: 33
        Kievan Special Military District: 28, 29
        operations at Stalingrad: 50, 68, 73
        reactivated, November 1942: 49
        renamed Third Ukrainian Front: 175
        summer offensive, 1943: 138, 151, 160, 164, 166, 174-75
        winter offensive, 1942-43: 85, 86, 96, 97
      Stalingrad: 37, 40, 43, 50, 60, 62, 71, 73. See also Fronts, Soviet, Don; Fronts, Soviet, South.
      Steppe: 135, 151, 152, 171, 175. See also Fronts, Soviet, Second Ukrainian.
      Transcaucasus: 85
      Volkhov: 111, 157, 198
        liberation of Leningrad: 250, 251-53, 257, 259, 264
      Voronezh: 68. See also Fronts, Soviet, First Ukrainian.
        defense of Kursk: 133
        summer offensive, 1943: 151, 164, 168, 171, 175
        winter offensive, 1942-43: 81, 85, 96, 97
      West: 206
        attack at Rzhev: 106, 107
        1941 operations: 29, 31, 32
        Orel salient: 136, 141
        replaced, May 1944: 319
        summer offensive, 1943: 159, 168, 170
      First Baltic. See also Fronts, Soviet, Kalinin.
        abolished: 445
        activated: 202
        attack on East Prussia: 432, 445
        attack toward Riga: 403, 404, 405-06, 407
        employment of partisans: 308
        summer offensive, 1944, build-up: 314
        summer offensive, 1944, operations: 319, 326, 329
        summer offensive, 1944, plans: 318
      First Belorussian: 464, 473. See also Fronts, Soviet, Belorussian.
        attack into Pomerania: 444, 448, 457, 459
        Berlin offensive, operations: 474, 475, 476, 478, 480, 481
        Berlin offensive, plans: 470-71
        strength, April 1945: 471-72
        strength, January 1945: 417
        summer offensive, 1944, build-up: 314-15
        summer offensive, 1944, operations: 320, 324, 326, 330, 332, 333
        summer offensive, 1944, plans: 318
        Vistula-Oder offensive, operations: 421, 423, 425, 428, 440, 442, 444
        Vistula-Oder offensive, plans: 416
      First Ukrainian: 191, 473. See also Fronts, Soviet, Voronezh.
        attack toward Moravska Ostrava: 457-59, 465-66
        attack to Neisse: 440-44, 448
        Berlin offensive, operations: 474-76, 480-83
        Berlin offensive, plans: 467, 471
        recapture of Kiev: 184, 186
        spring offensive, 1944: 278
        strength, January 1945: 417
        summer offensive, 1944: 330, 343-44
        Vistula-Oder offensive, operations: 421-25
        Vistula-Oder offensive, plans: 416, 419-20
        Voronezh Front renamed: 175
        winter offensive, 1944: 219, 227, 275
      Second Baltic
        attack on PANTHER position: 264, 265

--532--

        Bryansk Front renamed: 202
        operation in Baltic States: 403, 404, 406-07
        summer offensive, 1944: 328, 342, 343
      Second Belorussian: 275
        Berlin offensive: 467, 470, 471, 475, 476, 479, 482-83, 484, 491-92 495
        drive to Baltic, 1945: 429-30, 440, 444-45, 457, 459, 460
        strength, April 1945: 471-72
        strength, January 1945: 417
        summer offensive, 1944, build-up: 314-15
        summer offensive, 1944, operations: 316-18, 320, 326
      Second Ukrainian. See also Fronts, Soviet, Steppe.
        attack toward Krivoi Rog: 181-83
        bridgeheads at Cherkassy: 188, 189
        at Korsun' Shevchenkovskiy: 226-27
        operations in Hungary: 360, 362, 373, 374, 381, 383
        spring offensive, 1944: 276, 277-80, 283-85
        Steppe Front renamed: 175
        summer offensive, 1944: 350, 353-56
        Vienna offensive: 437, 449, 452, 454, 455
      Third Baltic: 328, 342, 343, 403, 404, 406, 407
      Third Belorussian. See also Groups, Soviet, Samland.
        activated: 319
        operations in East Prussia: 419, 420, 428-30, 440, 445, 461
        strength, January 1945: 417
        summer offensive, 1944, build-up: 314-15
        summer offensive, 1944, operations: 319-20, 324, 326, 340, 343, 407
        summer offensive, 1944, plans: 318
      Third Ukrainian: 183, 240, 241. See also Fronts, Soviet, Southwest.
        enters Bulgaria: 358, 371, 373
        in Hungary: 381, 383, 436, 437, 452
        operations in Yugoslavia: 373, 374, 381
        Southwest Front renamed:175
        spring offensive, 1944: 276, 277, 284
        summer offensive, 1944: 350, 351
        Vienna offensive: 454, 455, 456
      Fourth Ukrainian: 240, 275, 456. See also Fronts, Soviet, South.
        advance to Dnepr: 177-79, 241
        attack toward Moravska Ostrava: 465-66
        in Beskides: 359, 360, 362-63, 378
        Crimean operation: 291-95
        South Front renamed: 175
        summer offensive, 1944: 342
        Vistula-Oder offensive: 419, 421, 427
    FRUEHLINGSERWACHEN, Operation: 450-52
    FRUEHLINGSFEST, Operation: 309
    Fuehrer Directives: 21, 340. See also Operations Orders.
      21: 7
      46: 105
      50: 210, 211, 268-69
      51: 216-17, 272, 273, 280, 312
    Fuehrer headquarters: 3, 10, 55, 87, 96, 163, 168. See also Hitler, Adolf.
    Fuehrer Order 10: 199-200
    Fuehrer Order 11: 277, 279
    Fuerstenwalde: 476, 478

    Galatz: 354
    Gasoline shortages, German. See Logistics, German, shortages, gasoline.
    Gasoline shortages, Soviet. See Logistics, Soviet, shortages, gasoline.
    Gayvoron: 283-84
    Gdynia: 427, 444, 459, 460-61
    Geilenberg program: 412
    General Staff, German Army: 21, 56
    General Staff, Soviet Army: 30
    Geneva Convention: 113
    Genschmar: 444
    Gerstenberg, General der Flieger Alfred: 352-53
    Gestapo: 363
    Giganten: 284
    Gilgenburg: 429
    Gille, SS-Obergruppenfuehrer Herbert: 436
    Giurgiu: 370
    Glogau: 425, 426, 440, 442, 469-70
    Gneisenau battle groups: 427
    GNEISENAU line: 291-93
    "Gneisenau" program: 413
    Gniloy Tikich River: 232, 233, 235, 237
    Goebbels, Joseph: 15, 123, 130, 413, 460, 463, 490, 492, 493-94
    Goering, Reichsmarschall Hermann: 9, 15, 20, 58, 124, 212, 259, 329, 477, 484
    Goerlitz: 442, 444, 457, 469, 471, 473, 474, 477
    Goldap-Schillfelde area: 428
    Golikov, General Leytenant F. I.: 85
    Golodayevka: 138, 160
    Golubinskaya: 57
    Gomel: 154, 170, 191-92, 193, 195
    Gor'kiy: 133
    Gorodnitsa: 222
    Gorodok: 204, 205, 206
    GOTENKOPF: 82, 84, 85, 118, 124, 154, 157, 164, 165, 171
    Gothic Line: 410-11
    Govorov, General Polkovnik L. A.: 251, 253, 259, 261, 263, 264, 298, 300, 403
    Great Britain: 9-10, 352, 377. See also Allied forces.
    Greece: 365, 367, 371-72, 373, 374-75, 377, 411
    Greim, Generaloberst Robert Ritter von: 484, 490
    Grocka: 377
    Grodno: 328, 336

--533--

    Grottkau: 465
    Groups, Soviet. See also Fronts, Soviet.
      Cavalry-Mechanized
        Baranow: 337
        First Guards: 453, 456, 466
        Gorshov: 350, 351, 355, 362, 378-79
        Oslikovskiy: 318, 318n
      Pliyev: 318, 359, 361, 362, 364, 379, 437, 453
      Popov: 86, 91, 94, 96, 147
      Samland: 445
    Grozny: 19
    Grudziadz: 444-45
    Gruppe von der Chevallerie: 98, 100, 107, 113
    Guben: 457-59, 463
    Guben-Crossen area: 445n
    Guderian, Generaloberst Heinz: 339n, 405
      appointed acting Chief of Staff, OKH: 335
      attitude on Nazism: 335
      and Budapest: 384-85, 435, 437
      criticism of General Staff: 311
      and defense of Berlin: 463, 464
      dismissal: 14, 464
      and Himmler: 410, 446, 464
      and Hungary: 358, 359, 363
      as Inspector General for Armor: 120, 129-30, 216, 311
      in 1941 offensive: 12
      report to Hitler, 9 January 1945: 418
      and retreat to Austria: 454
      role in 20 July 1944 events: 335
      and Stargard offensive: 445-48
      and summer campaign, 1944: 342, 343, 349
      tour of Eastern Front, January 1945: 414, 418, 435
      visit to Adlerhorst, 24 December 1944: 410
      and winter campaign, 1945: 418, 422, 425, 429, 432
    Guertelstrasse: 456
    Guestebiese: 444
    Gumbinnen: 409, 416, 430
    Gumrak: 57, 76, 77-78
    Györ: 439, 453

    HABICHT: 126-28
    Hackzell, Minister President Antii: 390
    HAGEN position: 139, 140, 141-42, 152, 158
    Halder, Generaloberst Franz: 3-4, 5, 7, 10-11, 12, 17, 21, 23, 31, 56, 102
    Hamburg: 483, 492, 495
    Hammerfest: 401
    Hanko: 268, 270, 387
    Hansen, General der Kavallerie Erik: 348, 349, 352, 353
    Harpe, Generaloberst Joseph: 422
    Harriman, W. Averell: 420
    Harz Mountains: 479n
    Hatvan: 381, 383
    Hausser, SS-Obergruppenfuehrer Paul: 90, 97
    Havel River: 479-80, 484, 487, 488, 491, 493
    Havelberg: 488, 493
    HE-111's: 61
    Hedgehogs: 41, 57
    Heerespersonalamt: 21
    Heiligenbeil: 445, 461
    Heilsberg triangle: 430, 432, 445
    Heim, Generalleutnant Ferdinand: 54n
    HEINRICH: 203, 204
    Heinrici, Generaloberst Gotthard
      commands Army Group Vistula: 464
      and defense of Berlin: 472, 473, 475, 476, 477, 479, 480, 484-87
      dismissal: 487, 487n, 491
      and encirclement of Ninth Army: 480-81, 484
      requests to be relieved: 476, 478
    Hel Peninsula: 460, 461
    Heldengedenktag address: 15
    Helsinki: 267, 387
    Hercegovina: 365
    Hero of the Soviet Union. See Decorations, Soviet.
    High Tatra: 427
    Hilfswillige: 20
    Hill 239.0: 233, 234, 235, 236
    Hilpert, Generaloberst Karl: 475
    Himmler, Reichsfuehrer-SS Heinrich: 259, 278, 344n, 410, 448, 485
      and antipartisan operations: 105
      attempt to get an armistice: 490
      command methods: 426, 444n
      commands Army Group Vistula: 425
      and defense of Berlin: 463
      and defense of Pomerania-West Prussia: 425-26, 439, 444, 459
      and Guderian: 446-47, 464
      Hitler's assessment of: 425
      retirement from command: 464
      and Stargard offensive: 446-48
      and Warsaw uprising: 344n
    Hitler, Adolf
      and abolition of the General Staff: 21
      antipartisan measures: 105, 113-15
      and Antonescu: 179, 244, 294, 349
      assassination attempt, 20 July 1944: 335
      assessment: 502
      and BARBAROSSA: 12-13
      and BARBAROSSA plan: 6-9
      and the Cherkassy pocket: 228, 229, 232
      command methods: 5, 10-11, 14-15, 223
      commands Army Group A: 4
      and the Crimea: 179-81, 244, 293-95
      decision to remain in Berlin: 490
      and defense of Berlin: 461, 462, 463, 464, 469-70, 472-74, 475, 476, 477-80, 482, 483, 492
      and defense of Dnepr line: 175, 177, 183, 186, 189, 192, 194, 195
      and defense of East Prussia: 429, 430, 432, 438

--534--

      and defense of Koenigsberg: 470
      and defense of Pomerania and West Prussia: 457, 459, 460
      and Demyansk pocket: 101-02, 112-13
      determination to invade Russia: 24, 25
      East Wall decision: 123, 153-54
      estimate of Soviet strength, 24 December 1944: 410
      fanatical resistance doctrine: 14, 22, 78, 160
      the generals' declaration of loyalty: 311
      and Horthy: 287, 363
      influence on psychological warfare: 148
      interview with Guderian, 9 January 1945: 418
      last days of: 482-84, 490, 492-93
      leadership principles: 130, 214, 215-16, 438, 464
      and manpower procurement: 119-20, 213, 214, 413
      and miracle of House of Brandenburg: 414, 504
      and naval affairs: 109, 268, 405
      and Nevel gap: 199-200, 201, 203-05, 207
      and new weapons: 74, 120, 130
      and Normandy invasion: 312
      occupation policy: 105, 123-24
      official functions: 3, 3n, 5
      and Operation BUEFFEL: 115-17
      and Operation MARGARETHE: 287-88
      and operations in Hungary: 356, 359, 360, 364, 380, 439, 450, 452, 454, 455, 456
      personality: 56, 73, 85, 87, 91-92, 130, 186, 217, 221, 223, 258, 260-61, 490
      plans attack on Leningrad: 101
      plans for HABICHT and PANTHER: 127-28
      plans for 1942 offensive: 4, 17
      plans for ZITADELLE: 124-26, 128-30, 131-32
      proposals that he relinquish command: 87, 91, 163
      and recapture of Kharkov: 91-92
      relations with allies: 121-22
      relations with Finland: 109, 210-11, 268, 269-70, 299, 389, 390
      relations with generals: 3-4, 5, 21, 87-88, 154, 163-64, 199-200, 207, 212-13, 221, 256-57, 286, 311, 329, 345, 464
      responsibility for German defeat: 502
      and retreat to Courland: 403, 404-05, 406, 407, 409
      and retreat from Greece: 369, 372, 375
      and retreat from Leningrad: 250, 253, 254-55, 257, 260, 266
      and retreat from Vistula to Oder: 422, 423, 425, 438
      scorched-earth policy: 171, 463, 472
      and siege of Budapest: 381, 384, 385, 435, 436, 437, 439, 448-49
      speeches: 15, 44, 214, 256-57, 311, 414
      and spring campaign, 1944: 278, 280, 283, 285, 288
      and Stalingrad: 48, 54, 56, 57, 58-59, 61, 62-63, 65, 69, 70-71, 76-77, 78
      and Stargard operation: 445-47
      as a strategist: 119, 124-26, 143, 163, 165, 173, 179-80, 209, 211, 216-17, 223, 310, 312, 339, 358, 410, 411, 414, 439, 462-63, 502
      suicide: 492
      and summer campaign, 1943: 153, 154, 156, 160, 162, 164, 165, 168, 169, 171, 314, 321, 326, 327, 328, 329, 333, 339, 341, 349, 352, 354
      and summer offensive, 1942: 18-29, 39, 44, 46
      and surrender of Italy: 139
      tactical conceptions: 15, 22, 87, 177, 206, 216, 221, 223, 256, 258, 422, 445, 462
      testaments, personal and political: 492, 493
      and Twentieth Mountain Army: 210-11, 268-69
      view of British-Soviet rivalry: 358, 372
      and war production: 119, 120, 411
      and Warsaw uprising: 344n
      and winter campaign, 1941-42: 13-15
      and winter campaign, 1942-43: 72, 73, 74, 82, 85-90, 91-92
      and winter campaign, 1943-44: 220-21, 223, 228, 232, 238, 243-44 254-55, 257, 260, 266
      and world opinion: 44, 92, 128, 132-33, 195
      ZITADELLE canceled: 139-40
    Hitler Youth: 481
    Hiwis (Russian auxiliaries): 412
    Hoeppner, Generaloberst Erich: 14
    Hollidt, General der Infanterie Karl: 71, 72-73, 74, 75, 160-61, 162, 164, 240, 241, 242-43, 277, 282, 283, 285
    Holste: 492
    Home guard. See Volkssturm.
    Horses: 9, 9n, 172, 229, 279. See also Cavalry, Soviet; Panje wagons.
    Horthy, Admiral Miklos: 122, 287, 357-58, 363
    Hospitals: 168, 234
    Hossbach, General der Infanterie Friedrich: 431, 432
    Hoth, Generaloberst Hermann
      assessment: 212
      and battle at Kiev: 185-88
      comments on Rumanian troops: 44, 53
      Hitler's opinion of: 212
      and recapture of Kharkov: 92, 94, 96-97
      relief: 212
      and retreat to Dnepr: 152, 157, 167, 168, 169
      and Stalingrad encirclement: 53, 54, 60, 70, 72, 74
      and summer offensive, 1942: 39, 41
      and ZITADELLE: 137
    Hron River: 384, 435, 437, 445, 448-49, 454
    Hube, Generaloberst Hans: 188-89, 226, 280-82, 289
    HUBERTUS line: 418
    Hungarian forces: 17, 19n, 48, 87, 144, 167, 170, 287, 289, 359, 360, 454-55. See also Armies,

--535--

    Hungarian; Corps, Hungarian.
    Hungary
      attempt at an armistice: 363-64
      attitude toward the war: 122, 208, 357-58, 360, 367
      German military intervention in: 287
      plan for German occupation of: 208, 272-73, 287-88
      and treaty of Vienna: 352
    Husi: 351, 353, 354

    Iasi: 291, 346, 350, 351, 352
    Ilmen, Lake: 101, 248, 253, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264
    Ilomantsi: 388
    Imredy, Bela: 287
    Infantry, Soviet, evaluation of: 147
    Ingul River: 243, 278, 283
    Ingulets River: 244, 273, 278, 283
    Intelligence, Finnish: 296
    Intelligence, German: 28, 34, 36, 47, 48, 49, 105, 143-44, 160, 213-14, 250, 256, 264, 313, 314, 315, 319, 416, 418, 420, 422, 439-40, 442-43, 457-59, 473
    Intelligence, Soviet: 4, 32-33, 76, 161, 200, 264, 307, 308, 419
    Ipa River: 196, 223-24
    Ipolysag: 383-84
    Iron Gate: 355, 356, 371, 372, 374
    Iron mines: 144, 238, 329
    Isthmus Front: 102
    Italian forces: 17, 19n, 48, 68, 87. See also Armies, Italian; Corps, Italian; Divisions, Italian.
    Italy: 121-22, 139-40, 152, 195, 208, 210, 365, 388, 411, 460, 467
    Ivalo: 210, 268, 269, 396, 397, 401
    Izvestia: 267
    Izyum: 33, 87, 96, 127, 138, 143, 160, 162

    Jaeger Stab: 312
    Jaenecke, General der Pioniere Erwin: 180-81, 291-95
    Jaroslaw: 337
    Jashkul: 54
    Jelgava: 338, 404
    Jeschonnek, Generaloberst Hans: 129, 212-13
    Jodl, Generaloberst Alfred: 12, 91, 126, 212, 270, 339
      assessment: 487
      chief of Armed Forces Operations Staff: 3
      functions: 4, 5, 21
      influence on strategic planning: 5, 21, 163, 288, 310, 479
      in last days of the war: 479, 480, 481, 483-87, 491, 492
      negotiates surrender: 496-97
      and Operation ZITADELLE: 132
      relationship with Hitler: 4, 57, 479, 481, 483, 485
      visit to Finland: 210-11
    Jordan, General der Infanterie Hans: 316, 321, 324
    JU-52's: 59, 61, 234, 282, 372
    Jueterbog: 476

    Kagul: 354
    Kaiser Wilhelm (Kiel) Canal: 483
    Kalach: 40, 50n, 52, 54, 55-56, 57, 62
    Kalinin: 13
    Kalinkovichi: 193-94
    Kalitva River: 68
    Kalmius River: 162, 164, 165
    Kamenets-Podol'skiy: 279, 280
    Kamenka River: 220, 222, 223, 241, 243, 285
    Kamensk: 66, 71, 86
    Kaminski, Mieczyslaw: 344n
    Kampfgruppe: 156, 191, 247, 293
    Kampfgruppe Ruebel: 400, 401
    Kandalaksha: 102, 268
    Kanev: 169, 222, 226
    Kaposvar: 382, 437
    Karachev: 159
    Karelia, Isthmus of: 102, 109, 296-303, 387, 388
    Karesuando: 268-69, 401
    Karpovka: 57
    Kaskama Lake: 400
    Katyushas. See Rocket projectors, Soviet.
    Kaunas: 327, 328, 333, 336-37, 338-39, 340, 342
    Kazatin: 218, 219, 220, 222
    Kecskemet: 364, 378, 379, 452
    Keitel, Generalfeldmarschall Wilhelm: 3-4, 5, 12, 21, 119, 267, 270, 272, 349-50, 387-88, 475, 479, 480, 493, 496
      assessment: 481
      and defense of Berlin: 461
      last days of war: 484, 485-86, 487, 491, 492
    "Kessel (pocket) psychosis": 453
    Kemi: 395
    Kemiyarvi: 268
    Kempf, General der Panzertruppen Werner: 90, 130, 152-53
    Kerch': 186
    Kerch' Peninsula: 32, 154, 179, 291, 292
    Kerch' Strait: 83
    Kernfestung: 378
    Kesselring, Generalfeldmarschall Albert: 469, 472
    Kesten'ga: 102
    Khalkuta: 54
    Kharkov: 31, 32, 33, 85, 86, 87, 89-90, 92, 124, 126-27, 128, 135, 143-44
      Germans retake: 94-97
      Russians retake: 149-57
    Kherson: 178, 179, 182, 273
    Khersonyes, Cape: 294
    Khil'ki: 234, 235
    Kholm: 98, 101, 248

--536--

    Khotin: 280-81
    Khrushchev, General Leytenant Nikita S.: 23, 40
    Kiel Canal: 483
    Kielce: 419, 421, 422
    Kienitz: 444
    Kiev: 92, 97, 154, 167, 168, 169, 174, 189, 216, 218, 229
      in BARBAROSSA plan: 7, 9
      liberation of: 184-86, 188, 193
    Killinger, Manfred Freiherr von: 348, 352-53
    Kinzel, Generalleutnant Eberhard: 257, 260, 459
    Kirkenes: 396, 397-99, 400, 401-03
    Kirov: 116, 167
    Kirovograd: 223, 226-27, 244, 277, 284
    Kithira: 373-74
    Klaypeda: 407
    Kleist, Generalfeldmarschall Ewald von: 82, 93, 165, 166, 177, 231, 243, 283, 284, 291
      appointed to command Army Group A: 71
      commands Eighth Army: 285
      and the Crimea: 179-81
      dismissed by Hitler: 286, 288
      and retreat to Bug: 243-44
      and retreat to GOTENKOPF: 85
    Kletskaya: 50, 52
    Klintsy: 159
    Klisura: 371, 377
    Kluge, Generalfeldmarschall Guenther von: 100, 116, 130, 137, 152, 158-60, 191-92
      commands Army Group Center, 1941: 98
      conducts retreat to PANTHER position: 167-70
      conferences on ZITADELLE: 129, 137
      confrontation with Hitler, 3 September 1943: 163
      declares stand-and-fight order futile: 160
      on decline of troop quality: 215
      injured and replaced: 192
      on occupation policy: 123-24
      proposes withdrawal, winter 1943: 117
      protests retreat from Orel salient: 139-41
    Kobyl'shchina: 196
    Koch, Erich: 340
    Koenigsberg: 256, 403, 419, 428, 430-31, 432, 438, 445, 460, 461, 470
    Koenigswusterhausen: 477, 478
    Koeslin: 459
    Kolberg: 459, 460
    Kolberg: 459, 460
    Koller, Generaloberst Karl: 476
    Kollontay, Madame Alexandra M.: 268
    Kolomyya: 287
    Kolosyoki: 102
    Kolosyoki Nickel Works: 399, 399n
    Komarno: 386, 433, 435, 436, 439, 454, 455
    Komarovka: 236, 237
    Komrat: 351
    Konev, Marshal Sovetskogo Soyuza Ivan S.: 227, 244, 275
      assessment: 227, 502
      and attack toward Moravska Ostrava: 465-66
      and attack to Neisse: 440, 442, 443-44
      and defense of Kursk: 135
      and liberation of Kharkov: 151
      mission in Berlin offensive: 471
      operations in Berlin offensive: 474, 476, 479
      opinion on attack across Oder: 439
      and spring offensive, 1941: 277, 280, 283-84
      stops on Neisse: 448
      and summer offensive, 1944: 332, 333, 341, 342
      and thrust to Krivoi Rog: 181-84
      and Vistula-Oder operations: 419, 423, 425, 428
    KORMORAN: 309
    Korosten: 186, 187, 189, 218, 220, 221-22, 244
    Korsun' Shevchenkovskiy, Battle of: 226n, 231. See also Cherkassy.
    Korten, General der Flieger Guenther: 212-13
    Köszeg: 454, 455
    Kotelnikovo: 54, 55, 58, 59, 60, 61, 72
    Kotka: 267
    Kovel': 219, 246, 247, 273, 275, 277, 278, 313, 318, 319, 330-32
    Kragujevac: 375
    Krakow: 341, 414, 419, 421, 422, 423, 424
    Kraljevo: 375, 377, 378, 382
    Kraslava: 327
    Krasnaya River: 86, 127
    Krasnoarmeyskoye: 91, 94
    Krasnograd: 94, 96
    Krasnogvardeysk: 255, 256
    Krasnoye Selo: 253
    Krebs, General der Infanterie Hans
      appointed acting Chief of Staff, OKH: 464
      character: 464-65
      and defense of Berlin: 473, 476, 477, 478, 480, 483, 488
      negotiations with Russians: 493
      suicide: 494
    Kremenchug: 97, 169, 171, 181
    Kremenskaya: 41
    Kremmen: 492
    Krisenfestigkeit: 215
    Krivoi Rog: 144, 181-84, 188, 189, 216, 221, 238-40, 242, 244, 273
    Kromy: 140
    Krosigk, Graf Lutz Schwerin von: 497
    Krukenberg, SS-Brigadefuehrer Gustav: 488
    Krystynopol: 332
    Kuban: 118, 143. See also GOTENKOPF.
    Kuberle River: 74
    Kuechler, Generalfeldmarschall Georg von: 101
      and Demyansk pocket: 112-13
      and Hitler: 250, 257, 261
      and Nevel gap: 199, 200, 203-05, 207, 211
      relieved: 2, 57

--537--

      and retreat from Leningrad: 221, 249, 250, 251, 253-57
    Kuestrin: 425, 428, 444, 445n, 463, 464, 471, 473
    KUGELBLITZ: 115
    Kulm: 426
    Kumsky: 64
    Kuparsaari: 298
    Kupyansk: 86, 127
    Kurische Nehrung: 430
    Kursk: 17, 18, 85, 97, 113, 117, 124, 126, 128, 133-35, 137, 158-59. See also ZITADELLE.
    Kutersel'ka: 299
    Kutno: 419
    Kuty: 346
    Kuznetsov, General Leytenant V. I.: 68n

    Ladoga, Lake: 9, 101, 102, 111, 112, 157, 248, 253, 298, 299, 302
    Lakatos, Col. Gen. Geza: 357-58, 363
    Lakselv: 396, 401
    Lammers, Hans: 120
    Lan road: 399
    Landsberg: 445n
    Lanz, General der Gebirgstruppen Hubert: 86, 89-90
    Larisa: 377
    Lascar, General Mihail: 54, 54n
    Lasch, General der Infanterie Otto: 470
    Latvia: 249, 262, 407n. See also Courland.
    Lauenburg: 492
    Lavansaari Island: 262
    League of German Officers: 149, 311, 339, 345
    Leeb, Generalfeldmarschall Wilhelm von: 9, 14
    Lehnin Forest: 491
    Leipzig: 467
    Lend-lease, to USSR: 146, 241, 275, 501
    Leningrad: 4, 7, 9, 12, 15, 23, 31, 32, 33, 101, 102, 109, 111-12, 118, 124-26, 197, 203, 210, 248-49, 250, 418
    Lepel: 304, 308
    Leubus: 442
    Lida: 326, 327
    Lieb, Generalleutnant Theobald: 233, 236-37
    Liebenwalde: 491-92
    Lieberose: 480
    Liegnitz: 442, 457
    Liepaja: 328
    Lindemann, Generaloberst Georg: 250-53, 256, 257, 258, 259, 261, 266, 326
    Linz: 467
    Lisichansk: 84, 86
    Liski: 81
    List, Generalfeldmarschall Wilhelm: 3-4, 17
    Lisyanka: 232-37
    Lithuania: 249, 262
    LITHUANIA position: 326-27, 329, 333
    Litsa River: 102, 397, 399
    Livny: 84
    Lobanok, Col. Vladimir: 308, 309
    Lodeynoye Pole: 302
    Lodz: 419, 424
    Loehr, Generaloberst Alexander: 365, 371, 373-74, 375, 377, 497
    Loetzen: 430, 431
    Loewenberg: 473
    Logistics, German. See also Air strength, German; Armor strength, German; Artillery strength, German; Railroads; Roads; individual items by name.
      matériel strength: 9, 17-18, 32, 50-52, 76n, 144-45, 178, 251, 315, 350, 417, 471-72
      shortages
        ammunition: 17, 39, 46, 62, 76, 76n, 78, 156-57, 189, 193, 229, 241, 380, 433, 435, 445, 446, 449, 459, 472, 473, 481, 492, 498
        clothing: 14, 15, 290
        food: 62, 69, 70, 75, 78, 290, 385, 433, 448
        gasoline: 19, 39, 53, 57, 64, 70-71, 76, 76n, 193, 229, 232, 321, 355, 412, 433, 437, 446, 449, 459, 472, 473, 498
        motor vehicles: 199, 377, 411-12
        weapons: 53, 242, 276, 277, 435
      supply operations by air: 18, 57, 58, 59, 61, 62, 64, 68-69, 70, 71, 73, 75, 77, 78, 87, 92-93, 103, 187, 205, 213, 231-32, 281, 433, 435, 485
      supply operations, ground: 55, 64, 74, 140, 205, 210, 218-19, 228, 231, 233, 249, 343, 391, 396, 399, 400
      supply operations by sea: 293, 405
      supply system: 5, 214, 215
      war production: 119, 120-21, 311-12, 411-12, 425, 471, 499-500
    Logistics, Soviet. See also Air strength, Soviet; Armor strength, Soviet; Artillery strength, Soviet; Railroads; Roads; individual items by name.
      matériel superiority: 29, 32, 34, 50-52, 76n, 144-45, 177-78, 228, 241, 298, 314-15, 350, 465, 470, 471-72, 500
      shortages
        ammunition: 380, 445
        food: 144
        gasoline: 96, 339
      supply operations by air: 85, 103, 307, 308, 309
      supply operations, ground: 46, 111, 115, 166, 205, 242, 303, 341, 362, 419-20, 445, 452
      supply operations by sea: 109
      supply system: 147-48, 275, 304
      war production: 27, 34, 37, 111, 500
    Loimola Lake: 299
    Lokot: 344n
    Loukhi: 102, 268
    Lower Silesia: 442, 443, 444

--538--

    Loyev: 189
    Lozovaya: 94, 96
    Lublin: 219, 246, 313, 330, 333, 336, 337, 341, 421
    Luchesa River: 106, 107, 318
    Ludwigslust: 495
    Luebeck: 483, 492, 495
    Luettwitz, General der Panzertruppen Smilo Freiherr von: 423
    Lufthansa: 388
    Luftwaffe: 135-36, 424. See also Air Force, German.
    Luga: 256, 257, 259, 260, 261
    Luga River: 249, 256, 257, 259, 260, 267
    Luleå: 268
    Luleå-Narvik railroad: 396
    Luostari: 399, 400
    Lutezh: 184, 185
    Lutsk: 246, 247, 276, 278, 313
    Lutto: 401
    Lutto Valley: 401
    L'vov: 219, 246, 280, 288, 313, 330, 332-33, 336, 337
    L'vov-Odessa railroad: 273
    Lyngen Fiord: 396
    Lyngen position: 396, 401
    Lysogory River: 421

    Maaselkä Front: 102, 299, 302
    Macedonia: 365, 370, 371, 373, 373, 378
    Machine guns, Soviet: 147
    Mackensen, Generaloberst Eberhard von: 86, 92, 94, 96, 165, 175, 177, 181-84, 188
    Madona: 403, 406
    Magdeburg: 473, 479
    Magnuszew: 339, 341, 342, 416, 418, 419, 420, 421
    Maikop: 19, 82
    Malin: 189
    Malinovskiy, General Armii Rodion I.: 85, 240, 241
      and advance to Vienna: 455
      and Budapest encirclement: 380, 383, 384
      and operations in Hungary: 359, 360, 361-62, 364, 379, 437, 453
      and spring offensive, 1944: 275, 277, 282, 290
      and summer offensive, 1943: 166
      and summer offensive, 1944: 350, 354, 355
    Mamai Hill: 42-43, 78
    Manganese mines: 238, 358
    Manich Canal: 75, 84
    Mannerheim, Marshal Carl: 9
      and German embargo, April 1944: 270
      and German withdrawal: 394
      loss of confidence in Germans: 210-11, 267
      as President of Finland: 387-88, 390
      reaction to Stalingrad: 109
      refusal to stage offensive: 27,
      and Soviet 1944 offensive: 298-99, 300-301, 303
      on Soviet performance in 1939 war: 26
    Manpower, German: 19-21, 213-16, 339-40, 340n, 412
      control: 119-20
      problems: 19-21, 213-16, 339-40, 340n, 412
    Manpower, Soviet: 4, 500
    Manstein, Generalfeldmarschall Fritz Erich von
      assessment: 56-57, 212
      commands Army Group Don: 55-56
      commands Eleventh Army: 101
      and defense of Dnepr line: 177, 181-82, 183, 184, 186, 187-89
      dismissed: 286
      and Hitler: 56, 91-92, 138, 160, 163-64, 165, 168-69, 177, 186, 212, 265, 286, 288
      ideas on strategy: 163, 217
      and recapture of Kharkov: 91-92, 94, 96, 97
      and retreat to Dnepr: 149, 151, 152-53, 154-57, 161-64, 165, 166, 168, 169
      and spring campaign, 1944: 273-77, 278, 280-81, 284, 286, 288
      and Stalingrad: 58, 59, 62, 63, 64, 68-69, 70-75
      and winter campaign, 1942-43: 82-84, 85, 86-87
      and winter campaign, 1943-44: 218-22, 223-25, 227, 228, 231-32, 233-34, 237-38, 242, 244, 246, 247
      and ZITADELLE: 124, 128, 129, 133, 137-38
    Manteuffel, General der Panzertruppen Hasso von: 460, 484, 487, 488n, 491, 496
    MARGARETHE: 208, 287-88
    Mariampol: 338, 339, 340
    Marina Gorka: 322, 324, 325
    Mariupol: 97
    Marxism: 503-04
    Maslennikov, General Armii I. I.: 403
    Masurian Lakes: 419, 430, 431
    Matériel. See Logistics, German; Logistics, Soviet.
    Matra Mountains: 381
    Mecklenburg: 485
    Melitopol: 97, 154, 165, 178-79
    Memel: 328, 336, 407, 408, 430
    Memel River: 428
    Memorial Day (Heldengedenktag) address: 15
    Merefa: 90, 152
    Meretskov, General Polkovnik Kirill A.: 251, 253, 259, 263, 264, 302
    Merlya River: 152, 156
    Metsovon Pass: 377
    Mga: 157, 197
    Michael, King: 352, 353
    Middle East, as German objective: 3
    Mihailović, Colonel Draza: 367
    Mikkeli: 299, 301
    Mikolajczyk, Stanislaw: 341
    Milch, Generalfeldmarschall Erhard: 76-77
    Military Districts, Soviet. See also Fronts, Soviet.
      Baltic Special: 28, 28n
      Kievan Special: 28, 28n
      Leningrad: 28, 28n

--539--

      Odessa: 28, 28n
      Western Special: 28, 28n
    Military reforms, Soviet: 26-27, 35-36
    Millerovo: 68, 73, 75
    Mine fields, Soviet: 135, 447, 452
    Minsk: 9, 11, 304, 309, 318, 319, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326
    Mishkova River: 64, 69, 71
    Miskolc: 359, 361-62, 381, 383
    Mitau-East position: 404
    Mitrovica: 375
    Mius River: 31, 57, 86, 87-89, 90, 92, 138, 143, 162
    Mlawa: 429
    Model, Generalfeldmarschall Walter
      assessments: 138-39, 159, 258, 265-66, 324
      commands Army Group Center: 324
      commands Army Group North: 257
      commands Army Group South: 265
      commands Western Theater: 343
      and defense of Dnepr bridgehead: 193, 196
      as Manstein's successor: 212, 257, 266
      and retreat to PANTHER position: 266
      and SCHILD UND SCHWERT theory: 258-59, 313-14, 315
      and spring campaign, 1944: 273
      and summer campaign, 1943: 15, 159, 160, 167
      and summer campaign, 1944: 324, 326-29, 333, 336-37, 338-39, 340-42
      and ZITADELLE: 129, 136, 141
    Modlin: 416, 420, 422, 423
    Mogilev: 318, 320, 322, 323
    Mogilev-Podol'skiy: 279, 280, 281, 284, 285
    Mohacs: 364, 382
    Moldau River: 498
    Moldavia: 347
    Molochnaya River: 166
    Molodechno: 309, 318, 325, 326
    Molotov, Vyacheslav M.: 24, 269
    Montenegro: 365
    Montgomery, Field Marshal Sir Bernard L.: 492, 495, 496
    Mor: 453
    Morale
      German: 13, 91, 118, 119, 167, 174, 200, 237-38, 342-43, 345, 413, 438, 448, 453, 454, 455, 479n
      Hungarian: 363-64
      Rumanian: 59n, 290-91, 348, 350, 351
      Soviet: 24, 32, 33, 41, 104, 113
    Morava River: 376, 456
    Moravian basin: 466
    Moravian Gate: 463
    Moravska Ostrava: 442, 459, 463, 465, 466
    Morozovsk: 69, 70, 71, 73, 74
    Moscow: 4, 7, 9, 12-13, 14, 15, 31, 32-34, 37, 98, 113, 115, 269, 311, 461
    Moscow Conference, October 1944: 372
    Moscow Line: 298, 302
    Mosh River: 96-97
    Mostar: 377
    Motor vehicles. See Logistics, German; Logistics, Soviet.
    Mud: 140, 205, 225, 227, 228, 229, 231, 232, 233, 235, 240, 241-42, 256, 265, 273, 275, 281, 447
    Mueggel Lake: 478
    Mueller, General der Infanterie Friedrich: 432
    Muencheberg: 475, 476
    Muhu: 407
    Munich conference, 1943: 129
    Muonio: 396, 401
    Muresul line: 362
    Muresul River: 355, 356-57, 358, 359
    Murmansk: 9, 102, 109
    Murmansk (Kirov) Railroad: 9, 13, 18, 101, 102
    Muskau: 471, 474
    Mussolini, Benito: 121-22, 139

    Nagybajom: 455
    Nagykanizsa: 382, 412, 439, 450, 455
    Nalibocka Forest: 318, 326
    Namslau: 424, 425
    Narew River: 341, 416, 418, 428
    Narva: 257, 262-65, 268, 387, 403, 405
    Narva River: 154, 209, 249, 262-63
    Narvik: 396
    National Free Germany Committee: 149
    National Socialist Leadership Conference: 256-57
    National Socialist leadership discussions: 335
    Nauen: 481
    Navy, German: 10, 109, 293, 294-95, 327, 391, 394, 404-5, 460
    Navy, Soviet: 13, 118, 262, 268
    Nazi-Soviet pact: 24, 25
    Nehrung: 461
    Neisse River: 443, 444, 448, 457, 465, 466, 467, 471, 474
    Neman River: 325, 326, 327, 328, 333, 338, 409, 428
    Neu Roofen: 480, 483, 492
    Neubrandenburg: 484, 487, 491, 492
    Neusiedler Lake: 455
    Neustrelitz: 471, 487, 991
    Neva River: 111
    Nevayazha River: 339
    Nevel: 154, 189, 197-98, 199-200, 201-02, 203, 205, 264, 277
    Nevel gap: 197-207, 210, 211, 248, 249, 253
    Nezhin: 167, 168
    Nickel: 102, 210, 329, 391, 396, 400. See also Kolosyoki Nickel Works.
    Nida River: 421
    Nikolaev: 181, 182, 282, 289
    NIKOLAUS: 195-96

--540--

    Nikopol: 178, 179, 183, 184, 186, 188-89, 221, 238-40, 242, 244
    Nis: 370, 371, 372, 373, 375, 377
    Nizhne Chirskaya: 57
    NKVD: 29, 103
    NKVD O.O.: 307
    Nogay Steppe: 178, 184, 186
    NORDLICHT: 395-403
    Normandy landings: 312
    North Africa: 53, 61, 109, 119, 121, 129, 130, 272, 503
    Northern Defense Area: 399
    Northern Theater: 6
    Norway: 5, 6, 126, 209, 396, 410
    Novaya Kalitva: 66, 68, 81
    Novgorod: 251, 253, 254, 259
    Novgorod-Severskiy: 165
    Novo Odessa: 282, 289
    Novocherkassk: 77, 86
    Novograd Volynskiy: 244
    Novo-Moskovsk: 91, 94
    Novorossisk: 118
    Novosokol'niki: 108, 198-99, 201, 204-05, 207, 259
    Novy Bug: 278, 282
    Nowo Miasto: 429
    Nyiregyhaza: 364, 380

    Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH). See also Hitler, Adolf.
      assessment of Manstein: 56
      Chiefs of Staff: 3, 4, 21, 87, 163, 335, 464, 481
      command functions terminated: 481
      in command structure: 3, 4, 5, 12, 13, 21, 163, 481
      communications measures in last months of war: 423n
      and defense of Berlin: 461
      Eastern Intelligence Branch estimates: 4, 47, 48, 49, 105-06, 143-44, 213-14, 313, 315, 457
      headquarters at Rastenburg: 10
      headquarters at Vinnitsa: 3
      headquarters at Zossen: 410
      Hitler becomes Commander in Chief, OKH: 13
      involvement in 20 July 1944 plot: 335
      OKW-OKH rivalry: 5, 21-22, 132, 163, 182, 217, 280, 288, 310
      Operations Branch: 30-31, 112-13, 168, 182, 186, 328, 337, 351, 360, 423
      Operations Branch leaves Berlin: 477
      Organizational Branch: 20, 105
      responsibility for Eastern Front: 6, 12, 21-22, 74, 105, 163, 247, 422, 423
      and Vlasov movement: 123
    Oberkommando der Kriegsmarine (OKM): 10, 268, 293
    Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (OKL): 9
    Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW): 13, 109, 209, 449
      Armed Forces Operations Staff: 3, 5, 21, 131-32, 272, 477
      and Balkans: 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 375
      Chief, OKW: 3, 5
      command responsibilities: 6, 21, 481
      created: 5
      and defense of Berlin: 461, 481, 485-86, 492
      and Finland: 209, 210, 267, 268, 298, 302, 387, 395-96
      functions: 5, 21, 163
      as Hitler's personal staff: 3, 5, 10, 12, 163
      and Hungary: 208, 287, 353
      last days of war: 492, 498
      leaves Berlin: 480
      and manpower procurement: 215-17
      OKW-OKH rivalry: 5, 21-22, 132, 163, 182, 217, 280, 288, 310
      and surrender: 498
      and Vlasov movement: 123
    Oder-Neisse line: 442, 462, 463, 471
    Oder River: 416, 418, 419, 420, 421, 423, 425, 426, 428, 438, 439, 442, 444, 447, 459, 460, 461, 465, 469, 471, 474, 476, 479, 480, 482-83, 503
    Odessa: 285, 289-90
    Oil, production of: 312, 412
    Oil fields: 3, 4, 17, 18, 19, 37, 82, 179, 259, 312, 329, 353, 354-55, 382, 412, 439, 450, 454-55, 456
    Oitoz Pass: 355, 356
    OKH. See Oberkommando des Heeres.
    OKL. See Oberkommando der Luftwaffe.
    OKM. See Oberkommando der Kriegsmarine.
    OKW. See Oberkommando der Wehrmacht.
    Olomouc: 456, 465
    Olonets, Isthmus of: 302
    Olympus, Mount: 370
    Onega, Lake: 102
    Opava: 466, 467
    Operations Orders: 21-22. See also Fuehrer Directives.
      1: 22, 58n
      2: 72, 73
      3: 86
      4: 91
      5: 124-26, 132
      6: 128
      8: 323
    Oppeln: 424, 442, 465
    Oradea: 360, 361, 362
    Oranienbaum: 100-101, 221, 480, 483, 484, 485, 488, 492
    Oranienbaum pocket: 197
    Orel: 32, 49, 98, 117, 128, 135, 137, 139, 140, 141, 144, 146, 148, 151, 152
    Orel-Kursk railroad: 135
    Orel River: 94

--541--

    Orsha: 154, 207, 311, 318, 319, 320, 323
    Ortelsburg: 430
    Oskol River: 127
    Oslikovskiy, General Leytenant N. S.: 318n
    Osobyi Otdel: 307
    Ostrov: 249, 327, 328
    Osttruppen: 203
    Otsekin: 165
    Oulu: 102, 394, 395

    Paasikivi, Dr. Juho K.: 267-68, 269, 270
    Paernu: 405
    Pancevo: 375
    Panevezhis: 333, 337, 338
    Panje wagons: 241, 275, 280, 281
    Pan'shirskiy: 52
    PANTHER: 127-28
    PANTHER position
      and Army Group Center: 165, 167-68, 169, 170, 171, 189, 195, 197
      and Army Group North: 209, 210, 211, 221, 249, 255, 239, 260, 262-63
      construction in Army Group North zone: 249
      decision to build: 154
      name abolished: 258
    Panzer armies. See under Armies, German.
    Panzer groups: 9. See also under Armies, German.
    Panzerfaust: 300, 301
    Panzerjaeger: 440
    Panzerschreck: 300, 301
    Papa: 453, 454
    Parchim: 495
    Partisan operations. See also Antipartisan operations, German.
      German: 246
      Soviet: 30, 103-05, 113-15, 141, 195, 198, 199, 202-03, 246, 261, 264, 303-09, 315-16
      Yugoslav: 367, 372, 375, 377, 382
    Patrai: 373
    Paulus, Generalfeldmarschall Friedrich: 180, 449
      assessment: 56-57
      on breakout from Stalingrad: 70
      Hitler's comment on: 79
      at Stalingrad: 53, 57-58, 58n, 72, 73, 76, 77-78
      and summer offensive, 1942: 39, 43-45
      surrender: 79
    Pavelic, Dr. Ante: 122, 365
    Pavlograd: 91, 94, 165, 166
    Peace terms, Soviet-Finnish: 269-70
    Pechenga: 210, 267, 268, 269, 270, 390, 391, 396, 399, 400
    Pechenga Bay: 399
    Pecs: 382
    Peipus, Lake: 209, 249, 260, 261, 262, 263, 335, 343, 403, 404, 405
    Perekop, Isthmus of: 178, 179, 180, 186, 291
    Pereyaslav: 171
    Personnel Office, German Army: 21
    Pervomaysk: 277
    Pest: 435, 436
    Petrov, General Polkovnik Ivan Y.: 342
    Petrovskoye: 96
    Petrozavodsk: 302
    Pfeffer-Wildenbruch, SS-Obergruppenfuehrer Karl von: 385, 436, 449
    Photoreconnaissance, German: 48
    Pilica River: 422, 423, 424
    Pilis Mountains: 435
    Pil'kallen: 429
    Pillau: 432, 460
    Pitomnik: 76
    Ploen: 485, 493
    Ploesti: 353, 354-55
    "Pocket psychosis": 453
    Poland: 421, 439
    Polish Committee of National Liberation: 341
    Polish government-in-exile: 341
    Polish Home Army: 340, 344
    Polotsk: 204, 206, 304, 308, 314, 318, 319, 324, 326
    Poltava: 93, 97, 151, 154, 156, 157
    Pomerania: 428, 438, 440, 442, 445, 456, 459
    Ponomarenko, General Leytenant Pantileimon K.: 303-04
    Popov, General Leytenant Markian M.: 86, 136, 139, 202
    Porkala: 390
    Poros Lake: 302
    Posen: 423-24
    Potemkinskaya: 72
    Potsdam: 479, 481, 482, 483, 491, 496
    Potsdam Conference: 390n
    Poznan: 424, 425, 426, 427, 443
    Praga: 340, 344
    Prague: 465, 469
    Predeal Pass: 355, 356, 359
    Pregel River: 419, 429, 430
    Prenzlau: 444n, 483, 484, 485, 486
    Prilep: 371
    Primkenau: 442
    Prinz Eugen: 343
    PRINZ EUGEN position: 332
    Pripyat Marshes: 6, 9, 191, 193, 195, 223, 244, 273, 275, 313, 318
    Pripyat River: 170, 171, 184, 191, 319
    Prisoners of war
      German: 329, 449
      Russian: 11, 18, 20, 31, 40, 105, 122, 123, 131, 138, 203, 269
    Production. See Logistics, German; Logistics, Soviet.
    Prolyetarskaya: 75
    Pronya River: 171
    Propaganda
      German: 122-24, 131, 132, 148-49, 459, 460, 503
      Soviet: 172, 308, 420
    Propaganda Ministry, German: 459

--542--

    Propoysk: 195
    Proskurov: 219, 273, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280
    Prut River: 274, 285, 287, 291, 319, 323, 346, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354
    Przemysl: 337
    Psel River: 137, 164, 167
    Pskov: 154, 199, 249, 261, 262, 264, 265, 335, 387
    Pskov Lake: 154, 249, 261, 262, 264, 335, 342
    Psychological warfare. See Propaganda, German; Propaganda, Soviet.
    Ptich': 319
    Puck: 460
    Pudasyarvi: 395
    Pulawy: 337, 341, 419, 420, 421
    Pushkin: 255-56
    Pustoshka: 204, 264, 265
    Pyatikhatka: 181

    Queiss River: 442

    Raab River: 454, 455
    Radio teams, German: 423n
    Radom: 341, 419
    Radomsko: 419, 422, 423
    Radomyshl': 189
    Raeder, Grossadmiral Erich: 10, 109
    Railroad Station No. 1, Stalingrad: 42, 78
    Railroads: 6, 9, 13, 18, 66, 72, 101, 102, 167, 178, 218-19, 220, 240, 246, 273, 280, 284, 290, 308, 362, 369, 370, 396, 411, 420, 439, 443, 446
    Ramsay, Dr. Henrik: 109, 121, 301
    Randow Swamp: 483
    Raseynyay: 407
    Rasputitsy: 6
    Rastenburg: 10, 87, 410
    Rathenow: 492
    Ratibor: 455, 466
    RATWEEK: 372
    Raus, General der Panzertruppen Erhard: 220, 222, 343, 460
    Rava Russkaya: 332
    Razdelnaya: 289
    Reetz: 459
    Refugees: 424-25
    Regensburg: 467
    REGENSCHAUER: 309
    Regiment, German, 194th Grenadier: 79
    Reichs Chancellory: 422, 462, 493
    Reichstag: 15, 488, 492
    Reichsstrasse 50: 396, 397, 400, 401
    Reims: 496
    Reinefarth, SS-Gruppenfuehrer Heinz: 344, 464, 465
    Reinhardt, Generaloberst Hans: 115, 345
      commands Army Group Center: 343
      commands Third Panzer Army: 113
      and defense of East Prussia: 428-32
      and defense of Vitebsk: 206
      relieved: 432
      and summer campaign, 1944: 323-24, 333, 340, 343, 405
    Reitsch, Hanna: 484, 490
    Rendulic, Generaloberst Lothar
      assessment: 432-33
      commands Army Group North (Courland): 422, 460, 463
      commands Army Group North (East Prussia): 432, 438
      commands Army Group South (Ostmark): 455, 497
      commands Twentieth Mountain Army: 389, 390, 393, 394-95, 399-401
    Reparations, Finnish: 267, 270, 390-91, 390n
    Replacement Army (German): 105, 427, 449
    Retchitsa: 193, 195
    Reuter, General Leytenant M. A.: 85
    Reval: 394
    Reymann, Generalleutnant Hellmuth: 462, 472, 477
    Rhine River: 438, 456, 467
    Ribbentrop, Joachim von: 121, 122, 300-301, 389
    Richthofen, Generaloberst Wolfram von: 61, 69, 93
    Riga: 249, 264, 324, 327, 328, 329, 336, 339, 342, 343, 388, 403-04, 405, 406, 407, 408
    Riga, Gulf of: 199, 339, 405, 408
    Ristikent: 401
    River crossings: 66, 84, 97, 169, 170-1, 127, 181, 184-85, 225, 235, 236-37, 259, 279, 281, 283-84, 285, 290, 337, 341, 345, 353, 376, 425. See also Bridges; individual rivers by name.
    Roads, Russian: 6, 140, 240, 244
    Rocket projectors, Soviet: 27, 34
    Rockets, German: 120-21, 300
    Rogatchev: 315, 318, 319
    Rokossovskiy, Marshal Sovetskogo Soyuza Konstantin K.
      and Berlin: 471, 485
      and defense of Kursk: 133, 135, 136
      and operations in Dnepr line: 191, 193, 195
      and Stalingrad: 43, 76
      and summer offensive, 1943: 159, 164, 165, 170, 191
      and summer offensive, 1944: 318, 321, 325, 330, 337, 338, 344
      and winter offensive, 1945: 419, 424, 440, 445, 448, 459, 460
    ROLLBAHN position: 253-56
    Romintener Heide: 409, 429
    Roosevelt, Franklin D.: 267, 269, 272, 469, 474, 502
    Roslavl': 141, 158
    Ross River: 224, 231, 233
    Rossono Rayon: 202, 304
    Rossosh'-Millerovo railroad: 72
    Rostock: 493
    Rostov: 18, 19, 31, 39, 47, 48, 66, 73, 74, 77, 81, 82, 85, 86, 168
    Rovaniemi: 268, 394, 395, 396

--543--

    Rovno: 223, 224, 244, 246, 247, 277
    Rozan: 344, 416, 419, 429
    Rudel, Maj. Hans: 343
    Ruebel, Generalleutnant Karl: 400
    Ruhr: 467
    Rumania: 313
      attitude toward the war: 122, 208, 348-50, 367
      German military intervention in: 208, 272
      relations with Hungary: 17, 357
      surrender: 352-53, 369, 389
      and Treaty of Vienna: 352
    Rumanian Army: 353. See also Armies, Rumanian; Corps, Rumanian; Divisions, Rumanian.
    Rumanian forces
      assessment: 59n
      and the Crimea: 179, 293, 294
      Hoth's opinion of: 44
      morale: 59n, 290-91, 348, 350, 351
      for Operation BARBAROSSA: 9
      for Operation BLAU: 17, 19n, 39
      in Stalingrad: 69, 106
      strength on Eastern Front, summer 1943: 144
    Rundstedt, Generalfeldmarschall Gerd von: 9, 14, 311
    Russian Army of Liberation: 123, 413, 413n
    Russian National Committee: 123
    Russian people, German policy toward: 122-24. See also Antipartisan operations, German.
    Rybatchiy Peninsula: 102, 399
    Rylsk: 133
    Ryti, Risto: 109, 209, 210-11, 301, 387, 388
    Ryti-Ribbentrop agreement: 387, 388, 389
    Rzhev: 14, 98, 106-07, 116

    Saaremaa: 407-08
    Sabac: 377
    Sagan: 442
    Sahy: 383-84
    St. Poelten: 456
    Sairala: 387
    Sajo River: 381
    Sal River: 73, 74
    Salla: 102, 394
    Salmi: 302
    Salonika: 365, 370, 371, 377
    Salsk: 72, 74
    Samara River: 91, 92, 94
    Samland: 446, 461
    Samland Group: 445
    Samland Peninsula: 430, 432, 445
    Samro Lake: 259-60, 261
    San River: 333, 336, 337, 339, 341
    Sandomierz: 343
    Sapun Heights: 294
    Sarajevo: 377
    Saratov: 133
    Sarviz Canal: 437, 452, 453
    Saucken, General der Panzertruppen Dietrich von: 460
    Sava River: 372, 376, 377, 378
    S-Bahn defense ring: 462, 481, 488
    Schienenwolf (rail wolf): 328-29
    SCHILD UND SCHWERT: 315
    Schild and Schwert theory: 258-59, 261, 313-14
    Schippenbeil: 432
    Schirwindt: 409
    Schloss Klessheim: 121-22, 287
    Schlossberg: 340
    Schluesselburg: 101, 111
    Schmidt, Generalmajor Arthur: 64-65
    Schmidt, General der Panzertruppen Rudolf: 115
    Schmundt, Generalmajor Rudolf: 21, 211, 265, 311, 345
    Schneidemuehl: 444
    Schoerner, Generalfeldmarschall Ferdinand
      command methods: 342-43, 346, 423, 427
      Commander in Chief, Army: 493
      commands Army Group A (Center): 422
      commands Army Group A (South Ukraine): 286
      commands Army Group North: 336
      and the Crimea: 291-93
      and defense of Baltic States: 404-05, 408
      and defense of Berlin: 473, 474, 475, 476, 479, 483, 485, 486, 490
      and defense of Oder line: 423, 425, 427-28, 440, 442
      escape and arrest of: 498
      personality: 238
      and surrender: 497, 498
      visit to Finland: 387-88
      and winter campaign, 1944: 238-40, 242-43, 244
    Schultz, General der Infanterie Friedrich Wilhelm: 465-66
    Schulz, Generalmajor Friedrich:, 64
    SCHUTZWALL position: 401
    Schwedt: 438, 442, 470, 471, 476
    Schwerin: 495
    Schwerpunktbildung: 145
    Schwielow Lake: 491, 492
    Scorched-earth policy, German: 164, 171-72, 401, 463, 472
    Scorched-earth policy, Soviet: 30
    Scutari: 377
    SDB position: 158, 159, 160
    Second front. See Allied forces, and second front.
    Security divisions, German: 85n
    Seelow: 474, 475
    Seelow Heights: 473, 474
    Segewold position: 404, 406
    Self-Government Area Lokot: 344n
    Senno: 304, 308, 318, 320-21
    Serafimovich: 39, 41, 48, 55
    Serbia: 365, 367, 372, 374
    Seret River: 281, 282

--544--

    Serock: 344, 416, 419, 429
    Sevastopol: 18, 291-95
    Sevsk: 159
    Seydlitz-Kurzbach, General der Artillerie Walter von: 58, 58n, 59, 149, 310-11, 339
    Seym River: 158
    SHAEF. See Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force.
    Shaulyay: 329, 336, 338, 341, 342, 343, 406, 407
    Shepetovka: 219, 222, 223, 224, 246, 247, 273, 275, 276
    Shimsk: 264
    Sholokhovo: 242
    Shortages. See Logistics, German; Logistics, Soviet.
    Shpola: 228
    Sibiu: 355, 356
    Sicily: 137
    Siedlce: 336, 337, 339
    Sieradz: 425
    SILBERSTREIF: 130-31, 148
    Silesia: 456. See also Lower Silesia; Upper Silesia.
    Simferopol: 291, 293
    Sinel'nikovo: 91, 165, 166
    Sio Canal: 452
    Siret River: 346, 350, 353, 354
    Sivash River: 186, 291
    Ski troops, Soviet: 263
    Skibotten: 268, 396, 401
    Skoplje: 370, 371, 373, 377, 378, 382
    Skorzeny, SS Col. Otto: 363, 456, 464
    Slavyansk: 86, 94, 96
    Slovakia: 122, 208, 313, 359
    Slovakian forces: 19n
    Slovenia: 365
    Sluch River: 224
    Slutsk': 256, 318, 319, 323, 324, 325
    Smersh: 307
    Smith, Lt. Gen. Walter Bedell: 498
    Smolensk: 9, 31, 47, 98, 158, 159, 167, 168, 170
    Smolensk Manifesto: 123, 148
    Soerve Peninsula: 408
    Sofiya: 373
    Sokolovskiy, General Polkovnik Vasili D.: 136, 139, 471, 474-75, 347-8, 493
    SONNENWENDE: 445-48
    Sopot: 460
    Sopron: 453
    Southeastern Theater: 355, 365-78, 412n, 437, 498
    Southeastern Theater Command: 287
    Sovetskiy: 57
    Soviet-Finnish War. See Winter War, 1939-40.
    Soviet-Japanese operations: 26
    Sozh River: 171, 191-92
    Spandau: 481
    Spanish Civil War: 26
    Spanish forces: 19n, 208, 248. See also Divisions, Spanish; Spanish Legion.
    Spanish Legion: 248, 265
    Spas-Demensk: 141
    Speer, Dr. Albert: 119, 120, 129, 133, 396, 463, 472
    Sponheimer, General der Infanterie Otto: 259, 262, 264, 265
    Spree River: 475-76, 480
    SS (Schutzstaffel) forces: 262, 288, 439, 450, 453, 454, 464, 481, 492
    Stalin, Joseph V.: 23, 25-26, 29, 68, 122, 163, 380, 474
      announcement on summer offensive, 1943: 151
      becomes Commander in Chief of Soviet Armed Forces: 30
      and Berlin offensive: 439-40, 463, 467, 473
      co-ordination with Allied forces: 467-69
      and Finnish armistice: 390
      and German surrender: 493
      orders taking of Pskov: 264
      and origins of the war: 24-25
      powers: 24, 29, 30
      and Soviet strategy: 502
      speech of 3 July 1941: 53n
      and start of winter offensive, 1945: 420
      at Tehran Conference: 267, 269
      and the Warsaw uprising: 341
    Stalin Line: 28
    Stalingrad: 135, 145, 153, 228, 277, 290, 293, 385, 449
      German advance on: 37, 46
      German airlift for: 58, 59, 61, 75
      German forces: 69, 76
      German intelligence predictions: 47-49
      last days: 78-90
      losses at: 79
      significance of: 80, 180, 238, 345-46, 454, 503
    Soviet forces: 50
    Soviet tactics: 52
      strategic value of: 37
      total forces committed: 37
      weather: 70, 72, 76
    Stalino: 87, 93, 162
    Stallupoenen: 429
    Stanislav: 288, 330, 332, 333
    Staraya Oskol: 133
    Staraya Russa: 248, 259, 264
    Stargard: 438, 445-48, 456, 457, 459
    Staritza: 257
    Staro Constantinov: 276
    State Defense Committee, Soviet: 29, 30, 314
    State Department, U.S.: 121, 267
    Stavka of the Supreme Command: 175, 271
      and Berlin: 475
      created: 30
      and defense of Kursk: 139
      and Dnepr line: 184, 191, 196
      field command through representatives: 36
      and Nevel gap: 199, 206, 207
      and operations against East Prussia: 409, 445

--545--

      and operations in Hungary: 359, 361-62, 381, 449, 450, 452, 454
      and Orel salient: 141
      plans for a final offensive: 419-20
      and Rzhev salient: 106
      and Stalingrad: 39, 43, 50
      and summer offensive, 1943: 144, 151, 157, 158, 164, 167, 170
      and summer offensive, 1944: 311, 313, 314, 315, 316, 326, 329, 344-45
      and Vistula-Oder operation: 423, 440, 442, 456
      and winter offensive, 1941-42: 32-33
      and winter offensive, 1942-43: 66, 76, 85, 97
      and winter offensive, 1943-44: 225-26, 227, 275
    Stavka (Staff) of the High Command of the Soviet Armed Forces: 29
    Steiermark: 426
    Steinau: 440
    Steiner, SS-Oberstgruppenfuehrer Felix: 447, 448, 477-78, 479, 480, 483, 484, 485, 486, 491
    Stemmermann, General der Artillerie Wilhelm: 232-36
    Stettin: 440, 460, 476, 479, 483, 485
    Stettner Ritter von Grabenhofen, Generalleutnant Walter: 376-77, 378
    Stockholm: 268, 269
    Stolbtsy: 325
    Strategic objectives, German. See War aims, German.
    Strategy, Allied: 372
    Strategy, German: 4, 6-7, 119, 121-22, 163, 216-17, 220-21, 272-73, 309-11, 312, 367-68, 411, 450, 500, 501. See also Fuehrer Directives; Hitler, Adolf, as a strategist; Operations Orders.
    Strategy, Soviet: 23-24, 25, 30-31, 32, 34, 145-46, 296, 316-18, 419, 444, 470-71, 472-73, 502, 504. See also Stavka of the Supreme Command.
    Strecker, General der Infanterie Karl: 79
    Strimon River: 371
    Student, Generaloberst Kurt: 491, 495
    STURMBOCK positron: 401
    Strunga line: 291
    Strypa River: 282
    Stukas: 135, 263, 300, 343
    Styr River: 247
    Submachine guns, Soviet: 147
    Submarines, German: 111, 268, 396
    Submarines, Soviet: 408
    Sudeten Mountains: 442, 459, 465, 473
    Sukhinichi: 47, 49, 98, 100, 139
    Sumy: 156, 157
    Suo Lake: 302
    Suomussalmi: 393, 394
    Supply. See Logistics, German; Logistics, Soviet.
    Supreme Command, Soviet: 135. See also Stavka of the Supreme Command.
    Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force: 420, 496-97
    Surazh Rayon: 115
    Suursaari: 268, 394, 403
    Svatovo: 127
    Svir front: 299, 302
    Svir River: 102, 302
    Sweden: 111, 119, 126, 209, 349, 389, 391, 395-96, 397, 403
    Swinemuende: 484, 485
    Syem River: 160
    Szalasi, Ferenc: 363, 385
    Szeged: 360
    Szekesfehervar: 383, 384, 433, 435, 436, 437, 439, 453
    Szekler Strip: 352, 358
    Szolnok: 364, 380
    Szombathely: 454, 455
    Sztojay, Field Marshal Doeme: 287, 357

    Tactics, German: 9, 15, 28, 93, 94, 119, 133, 139, 145, 181, 186-87, 193, 199, 206, 216, 243, 258, 277, 280-81, 287, 316, 320-21, 364, 445, 484. See also Encirclement operations, German; Hitler, Adolf, tactical conceptions.
    Tactics, Soviet: 32, 33, 36, 48, 52-53, 54, 111, 145-46, 147-48, 149-51, 157, 160, 196, 199, 200, 227, 240, 241, 242, 275, 298, 321, 388. See also Encirclement operations, Soviet.
    Taganrog: 162
    Taganrog, Gulf of: 143
    Taipali: 298
    Tallinn: 405
    Taman: 81, 82, 92. See also GOTENKOPF.
    Taman Peninsula: 72, 81, 82, 92, 171
    Tana Fiord: 401
    Tank armies, Soviet, assessment of: 501-02
    Tank production, German: 21, 120, 129, 411
    Tank production, Soviet: 27, 29, 34, 129
    Tank strength, See Armor strength.
    Tanks, British: 146
    Tanks, German: 9, 136, 216, 228, 242, 296, 301, 303, 313. See also Armor, German use of; Armor strength, German.
      Ferdinands: 130, 137
      Mark IV: 129
      Panther: 120
      Panzer II: 89
      Panzer III: 50, 52
      Panzer IV: 120
      Tiger: 20-21, 69, 72, 74-75, 120, 129, 203, 233, 263, 383
    Tanks, Soviet: 228, 241. See also Armor, Soviet use of; Armor strength, Soviet.
      KV: 27, 29
      T34 (Stalin): 27, 29, 34, 120, 146, 393
    Tanks, U.S.: 146
    TANNE OST: 268, 391, 394

--546--

    TANNE WEST: 268, 391
    Targu Neamt: 291, 354
    Targul Frumos: 346, 350, 351
    Tarnet: 400
    Tartu: 403, 405
    Tatar Pass: 288
    Tatsinskaya: 69, 70, 71, 77
    Taunus Mountains: 410
    Tedder, Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur W.: 420
    Tehran Conference: 267, 269, 272, 296, 367
    Telecommunications system, German: 64
    Templin: 487
    Ternopol: 219, 221, 246, 247, 273, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 286, 288, 313
    Thorn (Torun): 426-27
    Thrace: 365, 369
    Through Road IV: 240
    Tiergarten: 463, 483
    Tiflis: 18
    Tikhvin: 14, 31, 32
    Tilsit: 341, 342, 407, 408-09
    Tim River: 84
    Timisoara: 371, 373, 374
    Timoshenko, Marshal Sovetskogo Soyuza Seman K.: 29, 30, 350, 362, 449
    Tippelskirch, General der Infanterie Kurt von: 321, 323, 485, 491, 496
    Tiraspol: 285, 286, 289, 346, 350-51, 352
    Tiso, Msgr. Joseph: 122
    Tisza River: 359, 360, 362, 364, 375, 377, 378, 379, 380
    Tito (Josip Broz): 367, 372, 374
    Titovka River: 399
    Tiulenev, General Armii I. V.: 85
    Tolbukhin, General Polkovnik F. I.: 160, 166, 177-78, 350-51, 354, 359, 374, 378, 381-83, 384, 437, 452, 453, 455
    Tolva Lake: 299
    Torchin: 332
    Torgau: 482
    Tornio: 393, 395
    Toropets: 47, 48, 98, 100, 101, 104, 107, 113, 115, 198, 202
    Torun: 427
    Training, Soviet: 26-27
    TRAJAN position: 351
    Transnistria: 284
    Transylvania: 352, 352n, 357
    Transylvanian Alps: 354, 355, 360
    Trench warfare: 248
    Troop strength, German: 7-9, 17, 19, 19n, 31-32, 34, 34n, 44-45, 50-52, 69, 102, 144-45, 151-52, 162, 174, 177, 188, 191, 197, 213-14, 234, 251, 258, 293, 311-12, 315, 328, 332, 333, 369-70, 399, 412-13, 412n, 416-17, 421, 457n, 471-72
    Troop strength, Soviet: 28-29, 31-32, 34, 50-52, 50n, 76, 144-45, 151-52, 162, 177-78, 188, 191, 197, 214, 251, 270, 300, 311, 314-15, 328, 332, 333, 350-51 416-17, 416n, 421, 457, 470, 471-72
    Trucks, American-built: 241, 275
    Trucks, German: 229, 241-42, 359, 411-12
    Tsimla River: 37-38, 39
    Tsymlyanskaya: 39, 72, 73
    Tukums: 343, 403-04
    Tukums-Riga corridor: 403-04, 405, 406
    Tula: 13, 33
    Tuloksa: 302
    Tunisia: 119, 129, 130
    Turkey: 154, 156, 220, 221, 293, 339, 339n, 348, 367, 368, 370
    Turnu Rosu Pass: 355, 356, 359
    Turnu Severin: 355, 356, 371, 373, 374, 375

    Uda River: 90
    Udalevka: 195
    Uecker River: 485
    Ukhta: 267, 268
    Ukmerge: 328
    Ukraine: 12, 104, 144, 164, 172-73, 503
    Ukrainians, "booty": 279, 281
    Uksu River: 299, 302
    U-line: 299, 302
    Ulla River: 321
    Uman: 222, 225, 234, 273, 277
    Unconventional warfare. See Partisan operations.
    United States. See also Allied forces.
      lend-lease assistance to USSR: 501
      and Rumania: 352
      and Warsaw uprising: 344-45
    Unruh, General der Infanterie Walter von: 20, 215
    Upper Silesia: 339, 416, 419, 421, 423, 424, 425, 427, 438, 440, 465, 467
    U.S. Department of State: 121, 267
    Ushach River: 304
    Ushachi Partisan Republic: 308-09
    Ustagi Movement: 365
    Uzhgorod: 359, 362

    V-2 rockets: 120
    Vac: 383
    Valga: 403, 406
    Vali River: 436, 437
    Valmiera: 403, 406
    Valpovo: 450
    Valuyki: 129
    Vammelsuu: 298
    Varanger Peninsula: 401
    Varazdin: 456
    Varpalota: 453
    Vasilevskiy, General Polkovnik Aleksander M.: 36, 40, 50, 68, 68n, 84-85, 135, 157, 240, 316-18, 403, 404, 406, 445, 470, 501-02
    Vatra Dornei: 358

--547--

    Vatutin, General Leytenant N. F.: 50, 68, 68n, 71, 85, 87, 133, 135, 136, 151, 154, 156, 184-85, 187, 193, 218, 222, 224, 226
    Velencze Lake: 383, 384, 385, 435, 436, 450, 452
    Velika Plana: 376
    Velikaya River: 328
    Velikiye Luki: 98, 100, 101, 107-09, 113, 198, 202
    Velizh: 98, 116
    Vertes Mountains: 433, 450, 453
    Vertyachiy: 52
    Veszprem: 453
    Vetka: 192
    Vidlitsa: 302
    Vienna: 416, 437, 439, 448, 449, 450-56, 469
    Vienna, Treaty of: 287, 352
    Vietinghoff genannt Scheel, Generaloberst Heinrich-Gottfried von: 438-39, 460, 464
    Viliya River: 318
    Vilkavishkis: 340, 341, 342, 343
    Vil'nyus: 326, 327
    Vinnitsa: 3, 162, 218, 221, 225, 229, 277, 279
    Visegrad: 377, 382
    Vistula delta: 432, 461
    Vistula River: 316, 333, 336, 337, 339, 341, 416, 419, 421, 422, 424, 425-27, 428, 429, 430, 438, 467, 503
    Vitebsk: 115, 154, 189, 205, 206, 207, 250, 264, 304, 311, 318, 319-20, 321
    Vitebsk Corridor: 115
    Vlasov, General Andrei: 122-24, 413, 413n
    Vltava River: 498
    Volchansk: 127
    Volga River: 18, 37, 44, 46, 70
    Volgograd: 37. See also Stalingrad.
    Volkhov River: 101, 221, 248
    Volksdeutsche units: 200
    Volkssturm: 413, 426, 432, 462, 481
    Vormann, General der Panzertruppen Nikolaus von: 324
    Voronezh: 17, 18, 39, 66, 81, 84
    Voronov, General Polkovnik Nikolai N.: 76, 141, 157-58
    Voroponovo Station: 78
    Voroshilov, Marshal Sovetskogo Soyuza Klimenti I.: 30, 35-36
    Voroshilovgrad: 66, 73, 81, 84, 86
    Vorskla River: 157, 164, 167
    Vortsjaerv: 403, 404, 405, 406
    Voyskovoye: 183
    Voznesensk: 284
    Vukovar: 375, 378
    Vulcan Pass: 355, 356
    Vuoksi River: 298, 299, 300, 301, 303
    Vuosalmi: 302, 303
    Vyaz'ma: 31
    Vyborg: 298, 299, 300, 301
    Vyborg Bay: 302
    Vyborg-Vuoksi line: 298, 299, 300

    Waffen-SS: 144, 213, 312, 498
    Wagons. See Panje wagons.
    War aims, German: 3, 4, 15, 123, 500
    War games, German: 418
    War Ministry, German: 5
    War production, German. See Logistics, German; Logistics, Soviet.
    Warsaw: 313, 336, 337, 338, 344, 388, 419, 421, 422, 503
      captured by Soviets: 423
      uprising: 340-41, 344, 344n
    Wartenburg: 432
    Warthe River: 425, 455
    Weapons, German, new types of: 20-21, 74, 120-21, 130, 413, 414. See also Antitank weapons, German; Rockets, German.
    Weapons, Soviet, new types of: 27, 129, 147. See also Antitank weapons, Soviet; Rocket projectors, Soviet.
    Weather: 6, 13, 14, 31, 37, 46, 48, 53, 62, 69-70, 72, 84, 93, 96, 107, 135, 136, 139, 140, 189, 199, 205, 218, 224, 225, 227, 228, 229, 231, 232, 233, 238, 240, 247, 265, 273, 275, 281, 282, 289, 374, 383, 384, 403, 420, 424, 427, 429, 435, 440, 445, 430-51, 452
    Wehrkreis III: 461-62
    Wehrmachtfuehrungsstab (WFSt): 3, 5
    Wehrmachtsgefolge: 369
    Wehrmachtsloch: 223
    Weichs, Generalfeldmarschall Maximilian von: 18, 49, 58, 81, 87, 89, 365, 367, 368-70, 371-78, 381-82, 425
    Weidling, General der Artillerie Helmuth: 480, 481, 483, 490, 492, 494
    Weiss, General der Infanterie Walter: 167, 191, 193-95, 196, 314, 444, 460
    Wenck, General der Panzertruppen Walter: 446-47, 446n, 459, 464, 479, 480, 481, 488, 490, 491, 492, 496
    Wenden position: 404, 406
    Werneuchen: 477, 478
    WERWOLF: 3
    Wesermuende: 483
    West Prussia: 438, 440, 444
    Western Powers. See Allied forces.
    Western Theater Command: 439
    Wiener Neustadt: 455
    Wieprz River: 337
    Wilhelmshaven: 19, 483
    Winter, General der Gebirgstruppen August: 477, 493
    Winter Relief, 1942: 44
    Winter War, 1939-40: 24, 26, 109, 298, 388
    WINTERGEWITTER: 61-65, 68
    Wismar: 495
    Wittenberg: 471, 484
    Wittenberge: 495

--548--

    Woehler, General der Infanterie Otto: 153, 156-57, 168, 227, 228, 233, 284-85, 291, 384-85, 435, 436, 439, 448, 449, 453, 454, 455
    WOLFSSCHANZE: 10
    Wolomin: 399, 340
    WOTAN position: 153-54, 165, 166, 169, 171, 178, 189, 472
    Wrangel, General Peter Nikolayevich: 48
    Wriezen: 474, 475

    Yalta Conference: 421, 439
    Yampol': 273, 279, 285
    Yanis Lake: 302
    Yaroslavl': 133
    Yasnogorodka: 184, 185
    Yel'nya: 141, 158, 159, 164
    Yeremenko, General Polkovnik Andrei I.: 23, 40, 170, 197, 200-201, 204, 206, 207, 403, 406
    Yesman': 159
    Youth divisions: 491
    Yugoslavia: 365-67, 369, 372, 377, 411

    Zagreb: 382
    Zakharov, General Armii Matvei V.: 318, 323
    Zalaegerszeg: 454
    Zalivskiy: 63
    Zaporozhye: 66, 91, 92, 93, 127, 154, 165, 171, 174-77
    Zaritsa River: 78
    Zbruch River: 281
    Zehden: 428
    Zehdenick: 487, 491-92
    Zeitzler, Generaloberst Kurt
      appointed Chief of Staff, OKH: 4, 21
      assessment: 5
      attempts to resign: 329
      and the Crimea: 179, 181, 291, 293, 294
      and defense of Dnepr line: 186, 193-94
      dismissed: 335
      and Guderian: 311
      and Operation ZITADELLE: 129-30
      rivalry with OKW: 21, 310
      and spring campaign, 1944: 278, 285, 288
      and Stalingrad: 58, 63, 73-74
      and summer campaign, 1943: 153, 157
      and summer campaign, 1944: 313, 315, 323, 329
      and winter campaign, 1942-43: 81, 91, 112, 116
      and winter campaign, 1943-44: 221, 244, 250-51, 253, 254-56, 257, 262, 266
    Zhitomir: 186-88, 189, 218, 220, 222
    Zhlobin: 314, 319
    Zhmerinka: 218-19, 224, 225, 244, 279
    Zhukov, Marshal Sovetskogo Soyuza Georgi K.
      assessment: 501-02
      and Berlin: 439-40, 448, 460, 463, 470, 471, 473, 475
      and defense of Kursk: 135
      and defense of Moscow: 31
      and spring offensive, 1944: 275, 276, 278, 280, 281, 287
      and Stalingrad: 50, 68-69, 69n
      and summer campaign, 1942: 36
      and summer offensive, 1943: 157
      and summer offensive, 1944: 315, 316
      and Vistula-Oder offensive: 419, 423, 428, 444
      and winter offensive, 1941-42: 31-32
      and winter offensive, 1942-43: 85
      and winter offensive, 1943-44: 226-27, 228
    Zhukovka: 167
    Zistersdorf: 456
    ZITADELLE: 124-42, 143, 148, 209, 212, 313, 450 503
    Zittau: 473
    Zmiyev: 154, 157
    Zossen: 410, 422, 476, 477

--549--

Table of Contents ** Previous Appendix (Code Names)



Transcribed and formatted by Jerry Holden for the HyperWar Foundation