The following tables and charts are included to illustrate certain quantita‚tive aspects of the Ryukyus campaign. Unfortunately, data are not available to permit a complete statistical summary of all phases of the campaign. Nevertheless, the data presented serve to indicate statistically the intensity of the fighting on Okinawa and the magnitude of the logistical effort necessary to support this operation. Appendix C
Statistics of the Ryukyus CampaignThe material shown in this appendix has been drawn from the most reliable sources. In instances where figures were available from more than one source, and were in conflict, all data were carefully weighed to ensure that the most reliable were used. Figures included in the text, however, were not always given in such sources, since refined summary data usually do not reflect the status of operations as of a given date or at the conclusion of a specific engagement. In such instances the only recourse was to periodic reports, prepared under the stress of battle and subject to revision as more details were learned. For this reason, sources cited in the text, while representing the best available for the data shown, will not always agree with those cited in appendix tables.
TABLE No. 1
Strength of Army, Marine, and Naval Forces of Tenth Army in the Ryukyus Campaign, 30 April-30 June 19451
Source: U.S. War Department Monthly Strength Reports.
Command and Unit 30 April 31 May 30 June Total Officers2 Enlisted Total Officers2 Enlisted Total Officers2 Enlisted ARMY 102,250 6,379 95,871 167,971 10,991 156,980 190,301 13,810 176,491 7th Division 15,483 794 14,689 17,263 800 16,463 15,584 798 14,786 27th Division 13,488 722 12,766 12,404 679 11,725 11,624 652 10,972 77th Division 12,000 656 11,344 15,185 766 14,419 12,853 824 12,029 96th Division 13,146 798 12,348 14,220 706 13,514 13,140 751 12,389 Nondivisional Ground Force Units3 38,200 2,591 35,609 55,607 3,512 52,095 60,501 3,847 56,654 Service Forces 8,918 643 8,275 30,053 2,107 27,946 36,764 2,688 34,076 Other4 1,015 175 840 23,239 2,421 20,818 39,835 4,250 35,585 MARINE5 88,500 n.a. n.a. 58,894 n.a. n.a. 2,489 n.a. n.a. NAVY5 18,000 n.a. n.a. 21,793 n.a. n.a. 1,225 n.a. n.a.
TABLE No. 2
Comparative American and Enemy Major Losses in the Ryukyus Campaign,
1 April-30 June 1945
Source: United States Strategic Bombing Survey, The Campaigns of the Pacific War, Ch. XIV, Appendix 99, p. 331 except as otherwise indicated.
Nature of Loss American Enemy PERSONNEL Killed, Total 12,281 6110,071 Army 74,582 n.a. Marine 72,792 n.a. Navy 4,907 n.a. Captured n.a. 87,401 AIRCRAFT Planes Lost, Total 9763 107,830 Combat 458 4,155 Operational 305 2,655 Destroyed on Ground (11) 1,020 SHIPS Sunk 1236 16 Damaged 13368 4
TABLE No. 3
Casualties Sustained by Tenth Army, 1 April-30 June 194514
Source: U.S. Tenth Army Action Report Ryukyus, 26 March to 30 June 1945, Vol. 1, Ch. 11, Sec. 1, p. 12.
Unit Total Battle Casualties Non-battle
CasualtiesTotal Killed15 Wounded16 Missing ALL UNITS 65,631 39,420 7,374 31,807 239 26,211 XXIV Corps 34,736 22,182 4,412 17,689 81 12,554 7th Division 10,893 6,068 1,122 4,943 3 4,825 27th Division 5,224 3,255 711 2,520 24 1,969 77th Division 7,126 5,026 1,018 3,968 40 2,100 96th Division 10,247 7,430 1,506 5,912 12 2,817 Corps Troops 1,246 403 55 346 2 843 III Amphibious Corps 26,724 16,507 2,779 13,609 119 10,217 1st Division 13,002 7,901 1,115 6,745 41 5,101 2d Division17 95 94 7 26 61 1 6th Division 12,815 8,326 1,622 6,689 15 4,489 Corps Troops 812 186 35 149 2 626 Tactical Air Force 520 139 13 99 27 381 Army Garrison Forces18 2,636 383 110 261 12 2,253 Tenth Army troops19 1,015 209 60 149 806
CHART No. 1
Tenth Army Weekly Battle Casualties, 1 April-30 June 1945
BY CORPS
Source: U.S. Tenth Army, G-1 Periodic Reports.
TABLE No. 4
Troops and Supplier Loaded for the Initial Assault on the Ryukyus20
Source: Commander Task Force 51, Commander Amphibious Forces U.S. Pacific Fleet. Report on Okinawa Gunto Operation from 17 February to 17 May 1945. Pt. V, Sec. 1.
Unit Number of Assault Troops Supplies Total Officers Enlisted Men Measurement Tons21 Short Tons Total Vehicles Cargo Total Vehicles Cargo ALL UNITS 182,821 10,746 172,075 746,850 503,555 243,295 286,635 129,917 156,718 XXIV Corps 88,415 5,087 83,328 385,691 282,093 103,598 142,634 72,695 69,935 7th Division 21,929 1,150 20,779 95,789 70,382 25,407 34,856 18,272 16,584 27th Division 16,143 970 15,173 62,151 38,737 23,414 23,739 10,445 13,294 77th Division 20,981 1,170 19,811 99,999 76,698 23,301 34,936 18,271 16,665 96th Division 22,330 1,256 21,074 85,066 63,708 21,358 34,302 17,381 16,927 Corps Troops 7,032 541 6,491 42,686 32,568 10,118 14,801 8,326 6,475 III Amphibious Corps 85,247 4,595 80,652 294,430 189,934 104,496 112,240 49,449 62,797 1st Division 26,274 1,401 24,873 80,765 48,585 32,180 31,463 14,226 17,237 2d Division d 22,195 1,183 21,012 57,883 36,833 21,050 22,971 9,554 13,417 6th Division 24,356 1,294 23,062 78,748 52,267 26,481 28,031 12,564 15,467 Corps Troops 12,422 717 11,705 77,034 52,249 24,785 29,775 13,105 16,670 Tactical Air Force 3,172 390 2,782 23,879 11,578 12,301 9,849 2,296 7,553 Tenth Army Troops 5,417 628 4,789 21,806 13,091 8,715 9,533 4,157 5,376 Miscellaneous Units22 570 46 524 21,044 6,859 14,185 12,379 1,320 11,059
TABLE No. 5
Personnel and Supplier Loaded for Assault and for First Echelon Garrison in the Ryukyus Campaign, by Point of Embarkation23
Source: Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Amphibious Operations--Capture of Okinawa (Ryukyus Operations), 27 March to 21 June 1945, Ch. VII, "Logistics," p. 7-24.
Point of Embarkation Number of Ships Number of Troops Supplies Measurement Tons Short Tons TOTAL 458 193,852 824,567 312,795 Leyte 186 71,163 320,148 117,884 Guadalcanal-Espiritu-Russells 159 74,970 285,279 108,435 Saipan-Tinian-Guam 61 31,771 119,673 47,446 Oahu 39 12,837 69,423 26,762 San Francisco-Seattle24 13 3,111 30,044 12,268
TABLE No. 6
Comparison of Estimated Capacities for Unloading at Okinawa Beaches and Quantities Actually Unloaded, 1 April-30 June 194525
Source: U.S. Tenth Army Action Report Ryukyus, 26 March to 30 June 1945, Vol. 1, Ch. 11, Sec. IV, pp. 43 ff.
Period Estimated Capacities26 (M/T's) Actual Discharge (M/T's) Percent Deviation from Estimates Each Period Cumulative TOTAL 1,981,495 2,016,490 +1.8 +1.8 1-16 April 529,995 577,040 +8.9 +8.5 17-26 April 98,500 202,085 +105.2 +24.0 27 April-6 May 169,000 200,877 +18.9 +22.9 7-16 May 205,500 166,870 -18.8 +14.3 17-26 May 239,000 170,886 -28.5 +6.1 27 May-5 June 261,000 159,274 -39.0 -1.7 6-15 June 189,000 163,863 -13.3 -3.0 16-25 June 193,000 188,046 -2.6 -3.0 26-30 June 2796,500 187,549 +94.4 +1.8
CHART No. 2
Comparison of Estimated Capacities for Unloading at Okinawa Beaches and Quantities Actually Unloaded, 1 April-30 June 1945
Source: U.S. Tenth Army Action Report Ryukyus, 26 March to 30 June 1945, Vol. 1, pp. 43 ff.
Source: U.S. Tenth Army Action Report Ryukyus, 26 March to 30 June 1945, Vol. 1. Ch. 11, Sec. IV, pp. 51 ff. TABLE No. 7
Cargo Unloaded at Okinawa Beaches, 1 April-30 June 194528
(Measurement Tons)
Period Cargo Available for Discharge29 Discharged All Types Assault Garrison Maintenance Ground Ammunition Quantity Percent Distribution TOTAL 2,883,917 2,016,490 100.0 673,067 839,190 352,353 151,880 1-16 April 917,056 577,040 28.6 537,568 18,104 5,264 16,104 17-26 April 203,861 202,085 10.0 104,144 50,875 26,350 20,716 27 April-6 May 211,918 200,877 10.0 31,355 117,800 31,732 19,990 7-16 May 211,728 166,870 8.3 102,646 33,957 30,267 17-26 May 274,894 170,886 8.5 96,680 48,625 25,581 27 May-5 June 252,873 159,274 7.9 114,119 34,473 10,682 6-15 June 267,550 163,863 8.1 99,624 55,846 8,393 16-25 June 248,132 188,046 9.3 98,011 74,002 16,033 26-30 June 295,905 187,549 9.3 141,331 42,104 4,114
Source: Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Amphibious Operations, Capture of Okinawa (Ryukyus Operations), 27 March to 21 June 1945, p. 7-46. CHART No. 3
Average Daily Volume of Supplier Unloaded in the Ryukyus, 1 April-16 May 1945
Source: U.S. Tenth Army Action Report Ryukyus. 26 March to 30 June 1945, Vol. 1, Ch. 11, Sec. VI, p. 78. TABLE No. 8
Ammunition Expended by Tenth Army Field Artillery, 1 April-30 June 1945
(Number of Rounds)
Type of Weapon Estimated Requirements Supply Available30 Quantity Expended Total Fired Lost to Enemy Action TOTAL 2,119,760 3,315,209 2,116,691 1,766,352 350,339 Howitzer, 75-mm 266,640 612,020 230,067 166,068 63,999 Howitzer, 105-mm 1,236,700 1,889,452 1,330,137 1,104,630 225,507 Howitzer, 155-mm 400,980 566,574 390,996 346,914 44,082 Gun, 155-mm 190,400 212,235 142,783 129,624 13,159 Howitzer, 8-inch 25,040 34,928 22,708 19,116
CHART No. 4
Ammunition Expended by Tenth Army Field Artillery, 1 April-30 June 1945
Source: U.S. Tenth Army Action Report, Ryukyus, 26 March to 30 June 1945, Vol. 1, p. 78.
Source: Tenth Army Action Report Ryukyus, 26 March to 30 June 1945, Vol. I, Ch. 11, Sec. V, p. 19. TABLE No. 9
Ammunition Expended by the U.S. Navy in the Ryukyus Campaign, March-June 1945
(Number of Rounds Fired)
Type Total Period Prior to 1 April 1 April 2 April-24 June ALL TYPES 600,018 41,543 44,825 513,650 Star, 5-inch 66,653 500 1,500 64,653 HC, 5-inch31 31432,008 27,750 36,250 368,008 HC, 6-inch 46,020 4,200 3,000 38,820 HC, 8-inch 32,150 3,700 2,100 26,350 HC, 12-inch 2,700 575 175 1,950 HC, 14-inch 16,046 3,275 1,325 11,446 HC, 16-inch 4,411 331,543 475 2,393
Source: Personal records of Col. G. F. Powell, Ordnance Officer, XXIV Corps, U.S. Tenth Army. TABLE No. 10
Ammunition Expended by XXIV Corps, by Type of Weapon,
4 April-21 June 194534
Weapon Total April May June Number of Rounds Short Tons Number of Rounds Short Tons Number of Rounds Short Tons Number of Rounds Short Tons ALL TYPES 64,324 24,438 28,977 10,905 Howitzer, 8-in 19,008 2,224 6,077 684 9,154 1,031 3,777 509 Gun, 155-mm 79,888 5,891 32,156 2,362 34,387 2,529 13,345 1,000 Howitzer, 155-mm 278,946 16,702 114,770 7,292 113,636 6,907 50,540 2,503 Howitzer, 105-mm 792,371 28,152 284,695 10,427 377,436 12,799 130,240 4,926 Howitzer, 75-mm 179,977 2,429 68,081 919 91,126 1,230 20,770 280 Gun, 75-mm 104,893 1,521 33,013 479 43,808 635 28,072 407 Gun, 57-mm 21,997 231 7,118 74 5,682 58 9,197 95 Gun, 37-mm 87,193 204 39,362 93 25,066 58 22,765 53 Mortar, 81-mm 443,589 3,672 146,385 1,181 241,853 2,054 55,351 437 Mortar, 60-mm 521,301 1,626 98,117 307 311,722 974 111,462 345 Rocket Launcher,2.36-in 20,359 62 10,263 31 7,956 24 2,140 7 Grenade, Hand 366,734 365 111,815 96 181,841 192 73,078 77 Grenade, Rifle 25,670 40 15,220 25 8,254 12 2,196 3 Submachine Gun, cal 4535 1,461,180 35 612,958 16 683,732 15 164,490 9 Carbine, cal. .30 2,009,597 34 926,778 16 773,824 13 308,995 5 Rifle, ca1 30 9,267,923 372 3,569,182 143 4,545,337 183 1,153,404 46 Machine Gun, cal. .30 16,285,499 627 6,091,400 234 5,745,989 221 4,448,110 172 Machine Gun, ca1 50 786,754 137 394,108 59 203,456 42 189,190 36
Table of Contents ** Previous Appendix (B) * Bibliography
1. Figures represent assigned strength rather than actual effective strength. In accordance with WD Circular No. 280, 6 July 1944, hospital patients in the Ryukyus were carried on the rolls of their respective organizations during hospitalization or until completion of the prescribed period of 60 days of total hospitalization. Footnotes
2. Includes warrant officers, flight officers, nurses, dieticians, and physical therapists.
3. Includes armored forces, artillery, service units, and headquarters troops that were not specifically assigned to infantry divisions.
4. Includes air-force-type units, overhead, replacements, and other miscellaneous units and personnel assigned to the Ryukyus operation and all theater-attached strength.
5. Figures shown represent total strength of Marine and Navy units attached to the Tenth Army for the Ryukyus campaign. The marked decline shown for June is the result of reassignment of the units involved rather than of large-scale evacuation of personnel.
6. Data are from USAFWESPAC G-2 Periodic Report No. 15, 26 November-2 December 1945. The figure shown includes an unknown number of Okinawan conscripts and civilians. This, together with possible errors in counting the dead, accounts for the apparent discrepancy between total Japanese casualties and the total Japanese strength of 77,199 at the beginning of the campaign, as shown in Appendix B.
7. Data are from U.S. Tenth Army Action Report Ryukyus, 26 March to 30 June 1945, Vol. 1, Ch. 11, Sec. I, p. 12. Figure for Marine personnel killed includes data for Tactical Air Force.
8. Does not include 3,339 unarmed laborers and 15 combat civilians captured. Additional prisoners of war captured after the campaign raised the total to 16,346 by the end of November 1945.
9. Includes 98 from British carriers (2G combat and 72 operational).
10. Comprises 3,605 army planes and 4,225 navy planes, of which 850 and 1,050, respectively, were suicide planes.
11. Data are not available to indicate the total number of American planes destroyed on the ground. However, authenticated reports of at least 7 such losses are available (see p. 361).
12. Includes 26 sunk by suicide planes.
13. Includes 164 damaged by suicide planes.
14. Data are preliminary. Official casualty data will be released at a later date by the U.S. War Department and the U.S. Marine Corps. Figures shown include data for attached units.
15. Includes number that died from wounds.
16. Includes number injured in action.
17. Except for diversionary activities in the south on 1-2 April, the 2d Marine Division was not actively engaged in the campaign. However, on 16 June, the 8th Regimental Combat Team of the division was landed to provide reinforcement.
18. Comprises AGE 331 (Island Command, Okinawa) and AGF 245 (Ie Shima).
19. Includes data for Medical Service, distributed as follows: 1 killed, 17 wounded, and 254 nonbattle casualties.
20. Does not include data for first echelon garrison force comprising 11,031 men and 77,717 measurement tons (26,160 short tons) of supplies. Figures shown include data for attached units, grouped according to the corps or division to which assigned.
21. Unit of volume used for measuring cargo, based on 40 cubic feet of shipping space per ton.
22. Includes units and supplies for Military Government, Naval Air Base, Air Defense Command, and naval resupply.
23. Includes data for first echelon garrison force comprising 21 ships carrying 11,031 men and 77,717 measure‚ment tons (26,160 short tons) of supplies.
24. Includes minor quantities loaded at Roi.
25. Does not include 206,598 measurement tons unloaded at le Shima from 16 April through 30 June.
26. Estimates of capacities varied with the expected progress of the campaign and the consequent expansion of unloading facilities at some beaches and partial or complete abandonment of others.
27. No estimate available beyond 25 June. Figure shown is interpolated, based on estimate for 16-25 June.
28. Does not include 206,598 measurement tons unloaded at le Shima from 16 April through 30 June.
29. Includes cargo available for discharge in the target area and cargo loaded on ships at the regulating station.
30. Represents total quantities on hand during the period 1 April-22 June; does not include quantities in transit on 22 June.
31. Includes AAC shells. Proximity-type fuzes were not used in shore bombardment. The HC (High Capacity) fragmentation shells detonated on impact.
32. Includes approximately 20,000 rounds of antiaircraft fire.
33. Includes 518 rounds fired by fast battleships.
34. Data for 1-3 April are not available; expenditures after 21 June were negligible.
35. Includes relatively minor expenditures of cal. .45 ball ammunition for pistols and revolvers.