ABC-1. See Plans, defense and war, ABC-1. Index
ABC-2, 104n
ABC-22. See Plans, defense and war, ABC-22.
ABC (Pacific)-22, 107
Act of Chapultepec, 148, 334
Act of Havana, 153
Adak, 254, 255-56, 258
ADB, 103n
Admiralty, British, 170n, 243, 245
Aerial photography, 284
Air bases. See Bases, air, British; Bases, air, Canadian; Bases, air, U.S.
Air Corps Ferrying Command, U.S., 130, 182, 204, 308
Air cover. See Submarines, antisubmarine air operations.
Air defense. See Air defense zones, western Canada; Air warning services; Antiaircraft defense; Central Air Defense Zone, U.S.; Central Canada Aircraft Detection Corps; Military Area, Sault Sainte Marie; Newfoundland; Signal Aircraft Warning Reporting Companies, U.S.
Air defense zones, western Canada, 302
Air ferry routes. See also Bases, air, British; Bases, air, Canadian; Bases, air, U.S.; CRIMSON Project; North Atlantic Ferry Route Project Committe; Staging fields.
Alaska-Siberia. See Air ferry routes, Northwest Staging Route.
Air Force, Department of the, 35n. See also Army Air Corps, U.S.; Army Air Forces, U.S.; U.S. Army Air Forces in Newfoundland.
Interior Staging Route, 306
Mackenzie River air route, 139, 213-15, 237-38, 322n, 323, 324
North Atlantic, 46, 53-54, 70, 95, 130, 136, 149, 151, 183, 184, 186, 189, 190, 191-93, 301-02, 314, 315-16, 318, 35758, 363-64
operation of, 181-82
Northwest Staging Route, 53-54, 100, 138, 139, 199-214, 215-18, 219-20, 236, 23738, 315-16, 317-18, 320-21, 351, 35455, 359-61, 363-64
agreements, 203-04, 209-11, 314
operation of, PJBD recommendations, 51
air traffic, 205, 217
aircraft deliveries, 215-16
aircraft losses, 202-03
airway traffic control, 302, 304-06, 309
airways facilities, 202-03
commercial airlines, use of by AAF, 307
design criteria, year-long discussion of, 213
expenditures on, 213, 324
RCAF traffic-control delay, and equipment shortages, 305-06
and U.S. troops in Canada, 296-97
Pacific, 312Air Force Headquarters, Canadian, 253
Air forces, Canadian. See also Royal Canadian Air Force.
Annette Island, 252
Air Forces, U.S.
Newfoundland, 95, 165-66Fourth, 303
Air Ministry, British, 118Eighth, 191-92, 241
Air Ministry, Canadian, 72n
Air navigation, 337
Air Observes School, Canadian, 217n
Air patrol. See also Submarines, antisubmarine air operations.
Alaska and Aleutians, 253
Air rescue, Hudson's Bay Company personnel, 284
North Atlantic, 14-15, 284Air Staff, Canadian, 113
Air strips. See Flight strips, Canadian; Flight strips, U.S.
Air Traffic Regulations Subcommittee, Canadian, 304-05
Air transport. See Aviation, postwar international operations.
Air Transport Command, U.S., 136, 168, 206, 207, 211, 217n, 237
Alaskan Wing, 133, 204, 209, 216-17, 302n, 303, 309, 318
cadres, western Canada, 308
carrying of passengers for hire, Executive Order, 312
commercial airlines as contract carriers, 133, 307
Air Transport Command, U.S.--Continued
North Atlantic Division, 131, 192
Air warning services, 117, 195-96
North Atlantic Wing, 133
and Northwest Airlines, 308-10
Northwest Route, Ferrying Division, 20405, 216
some routes not authorized, 310Airborne Divisions, U.S.
82d, 267
Aircraft, Canadian
101st, 267B-18, 99
Aircraft, cargo, lack of for Norway operation, 260
Bolingbroke, 252, 252n, 253
flights over Maine, 307
production, 295
trainers and flying boats to U.S., 2Aircraft, commercial. See Airlines, commercial, contract carriers.
Aircraft, U.S.
A-20 Boston medium bombers, 271
Aircraft carriers
B-17, 181, 241, 243n, 248
B-17B, 98, 172
B-24, 181, 248, 250
B-26, 203
B-29, 337
Canadian requests for, 7, 13-14, 90-91
carrler-based, 249
Catalina PBY, 192
deliveries to Canada, 90-91
deliveries to Soviet Union, 216
deliveries to United Kingdom, 181-82, 184, 191
flights over Canadian territory, 306-07
flying boats not reallocated to Canada, 61
Lockheed Hudson, 181
losses, North Atlantic ferry route, 192
P-40, 202-03, 253
permission to fly over Canada, 306-07
purchase of used planes by Canada, 10
routes in Canada, application for, 310-11
trainers, 282
VLR (very long range) patrol, 249, 250British, 272
Aircraft ferrying. See Air ferry routes; Green
Canadian, 251, 272
Japanese, 204
U.S., 249, 250-51Project, AAF; White Project, AAF.
Aircraft production
U.S., 184
Aircraft Repair, Limited, Canadian, 217n
U.S.-Canadian totals, 290Airfields. See also Airports; Bases, air, British; Bases, air, Canadian; Bases, air, U.S.
authorization for use of Canadian by U.S. planes, 308
Airlift of troops and materials by commercial airlines, 204
northern, cost distribution, 320-21, 322-23
northern, importance to Canada, 321Airlines, commercial, contract carriers, 133, 310-11, 312-13. See also Airlift of troops and materials by commercial airlines; Northeast Airlines; Northwest Airlines.
flights over Canada and U.S., agreement on, 307
Airports
Goose Bay and Newfoundland, 307
militarization of, 308, 309-10, 311, 312
Northwest Airlines, and friction with Canada, 307-10
on Northwest Staging Route, 202-03, 21617, 304, 307-10Dorval, 181
Airships, nonrigid, in air patrol, 361
Gander, 19-20, 95, 96, 97, 99, 117, 118, 165-66, 173, 181, 182-83, 190. See also Bases air, Canadian; Bases, air, U.S.
Goose Bay, 303. See also Bases, air, Canadian; Bases, air, U.S.
Newfoundland. See Airports, Gander.
traffic control, 304-05.Airspace
Canadian, 301
Airway traffic control, 301-03, 304-13. See also Air ferry routes, Northwest Staging Route; JAN-CAN (Joint Army, Navy, Canadian).
Canadian, restricted zones, 195, 197, 305n, 307Airways
facilities, 141, 214-15. See also Air ferry routes, Northwest Staging Route.
Aklavik, 227
maintenance and control of facilities, 30406, 310-16, 355-56, 361-63Alaska, 40, 48, 50, 53-54, 87-88, 100-101, 107, 109, 110, 120, 128, 199, 201-03, 207, 215-17, 218-20, 225-26, 227-28, 230-31, 235, 238-39, 258n, 277, 283, 302-03, 306-07, 308, 312, 318, 323n, 325n. See also Aleutian campaign; and under Bases.
defense of, 218, 252
Alaska Defense Command, 112, 202, 215-16, 224n, 303
defenses, penetration of by Japanese, 204
Alaska Highway, 41, 42n, 44, 53-54, 75, 127-28, 135, 200-201, 203n, 206, 207, 213, 217-27, 229-30, 232, 236, 241, 296-97, 304, 318, 319, 323, 327, 357, 363, 370-72. See also Flight strips, Canadian; Flight strips, U.S.
agreements, 221, 226-27
Alaska Railroad, 225
civilian traffic, 223-24
gift to Canada, 329
Haines-Champagne road, 226-27, 330-31
military traffic, 223-24
postwar use by U.S. military vehicles, 221
redesignated, Northwest Highway System, 224n
Tok road, 225
transfer to Canada, 224, 227
U.S. expenditures, 223, 330
and use of highways to U.S. border, 221
waiving of duties, taxes, and fees, 278Alaskan International Highway Commission, 217, 227
Albert and Davidson Corporation, 333
Alberta, 128, 137, 218. 299
Alcan Highway, 136. See also Alaska Highway.
Aleutian campaign, 224n, 252-59, 317, 318. See also First Special Service Force, U.S.Canadian.
Aleutian Islands, 252, 253, 256
Alexander, Maj. Gen. R. O., 121, 253
Allied Powers, 289-90, 294-95 postwar positions, 337, 339, 344-45
Aluminium Company of Canada, 151, 151n
Aluminum, 149, 155n, 196
Amadjuak Lake, 191
Amchitka, 254, 255, 257
America, 96
American Nations, use of term, 153
American Red Cross, and relief problem in] Greenland, 150
American Republics, 142-43, 293
Act of Chapultepec, 148, 334
Ammunition, 281. See also Munitions, Canadian; Munitions, U.S; Munitions, U.S.Canadian.
Act of Havana, 153
Canada as a member of British Common-monwealth, 144, 334-35
defense, 112 22, 26, 149, 161
defense and neutrality, discussion at Panama, 144
and Greenland bases, use of, 152-53
Inter-American Conference, 1945, 147, 148
Inter-American Conference, 1947, 48
Inter-American Defense Board, 145
liaison officers to, 11
Meeting of Foreign Ministers, First, 1939, Panama. 144
Meeting Foreign Ministers, Second, 1940, Havana, 11-12, 26n, 143, 144
Meeting of Foreign Ministers, Third, 1942, Rio, 144-46, 160
military co-operation, 334
Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, 48Amphibious Training Force 9, U.S.-Canadian, 255, 258
Anchorage, 100, 202, 225, 239, 253-54
Anderson, Air Vice Marshal N. R., 37
Anglo-American Food Committee, 83
Anglo-French Purchasing Board, 60
Annapolis, 165
Annette Island, 202, 252-53, 254, 255
Antiaircraft Battery (Heavy), Canadian 40 th 195, 197
Antiaircraft defense
Annette Island, 252
Antilles, 19
Buffalo, 198
Canada, 317-18
Maritime Provinces, 89
Newfoundland, 92-93, 98-99, 173
Sault Sainte Marie, 194-95, 196Antisubmarine operations. See Convoys; Submarines.
Antisubmarine Squadrons, U.S.
6th, 250
Antisubmarine Wings, U.S. 25th, 250
19th, 250
20th, 248Anzio, 265, 266
ARCADIA Conference, 59, 63-64, 66, 66n, 75
Argentia, 62, 96, 124-25, 168, 178, 179, 184n, 244, 245, 247, 354. See also Bases, air, U.S.; Bases, naval, Canadian; Bases, naval, U.S.; Bases, U.S.
Argentina, 144
ARGONAUT Conference, 66n
Armaments, on vessels in Great Lakes, 279 80
Armed forces, Canadian, at outbreak of World War II, 4-5, 5n
Armies, Canadian First, 241, 265
Armies, U.S.
Third, 31
Arms production, Canadian, 273
Fourth, 107
Fifth, 266
Seventh, 266Army, British, 8-9, 162-63
Army, Canadian, 4-5, 34-35, 89, 105, 118, 173, 198, 241-42, 252, 256-57, 263-64, 274n, 276, 330. See also Troops, Canadian.
Army, Canadian--Continued
active units on V-J Day, 271-72
Army, French, 162
Atlantic Command, 29, 30n, 99, 111-12, 173-74
casualties, Aleutians, 259
equipment, lack of, 5-6
General Staff, 113, 260-61
Newfoundland Force, 116
Pacific Command, 101, 107, 111-12, 121, 253, 256
Pacific,Force, 51, 268-70, 271-72
regimental combat team for Kiska assault, 257Army, U.S., 11, 48-49, 105-0 6, 126, 128-30, 167, 178, 180, 182, 188, 218, 225-26, 231 32, 240, 247, 259, 276, 303, 304, 306
Army Air Corps, U.S., 96, 151-52, 181
Army Air Forces, U.S., 35, 48-49, 51, 128, 131, 140, 184, 203, 205, 206, 207, 215, 217, 241, 248, 249, 276, 282, 284, 302, 305-06, 307, 308-09. See also Army Air Corps, U.S.; U.S. Army Air Forces in Newfoundland.
aerial photography mission, 133
Army-Navy Liquidation Commissioner, U.S., 328n, 334
antisubmarine force, Newfoundland, 173
antisubmarine units, transfer of, to United Kingdom, 250
defense of Dutch Harbor, 253-54
offer to equip RCAF with Boston medium bombers, 271
and RCAF offer of unit for Pacific, 270-7
standardization of RCAF on U.S. equip-ment, 271
weather forecasting services, 237-38
Weather Region, 16 th, 133
weather reports, teletype, Canadian northwest, 238Army Post Office, New York City, 277
Army Service Forces, U.S., 132, 140
Army Transport Service, U.S., 239
Arnold, General of the Army Henry H., 59, 70, 103n, 248, 271, 282-83
Aruba, 142-43, 143n, 149n
Arvida, 196
Assiniboine, 123n
ATFERO, 181
Athabasca, 324
Atherton, Ray, 147
Athlone, the Earl of, Governor General of Canada, 28
Atlantic Bridge, 181, 191
Atlantic Charter, 62, 69, 244
Atlantic Conference, 62, 123, 123n, 124-25, 184n, 244, 245
Atlantic Convoy Conference, 125-26, 248-50
Atlantic Fleet, U.S., 123, 124-25, 127, 245, 247
Support Force, 124, 244
Atomic bomb, 273, 284, 286-87, 288-89, 339
Task Force, 111-12, 132Atomic bombing, postwar threat to U.S. and Canadian cities, 341
Atomic energy research, U.S.-Canadian, 273, 284, 286-89
Atomic energy tripartite agreement, 289
Atomic weapons, 341
Attachés, air-military-naval. See Service attaches.
Attlee, Clement, 289
Attorney General of Canada, 299
Attu, 255-56, 257
Aurora borealis, 236
Australia, 57, 67-68, 70, 72, 82, 84, 235, 281, 295
Avalon Peninsula, 165, 178-79
Aviation, postwar international operations
airports in Canadian northwest, 304
AWOL problems, 277
Canadian acquisition of airfields at fraction of cost, 333-34
Canadian fear of U.S. advantages, 340
civil aviation policy, Canadian Government, 303-04, 321
U.S. and Canadian advisory committees, 303n
U.S. and Canadian plans, 303Axis, and St. Pierre plebiscite, 159
Axis attack on North America, threat of 47, 87, 95
Axis Powers, 108, 109, 193, 339
Azores, 251
Baffin Island, 183, 187. See also Bases, air, U.S., Frobisher Bay (CRYSTAL II), Northwest Territories; Bases, air, U.S., Padloping Island (CRYSTAL III).
Bagley, Vice Adm. D. W., 36
Bahamas, 149n
Baker Lake, 191
Baldwin, J., 135-36
Balkans, 266
Balloons, Japanese, 200
Base Commands. See Newfoundland Base Command.
Bases, air, British
Azores, 251
Iceland, 182, 251
Kaldaharnes, 182
Reykjavik, 182
United Kingdom, 250
Bases, air, Canadian
Adak, 254
Bases, air, U.S. See also CRIMSON Project; Fort Chimo (CRYSTAL I), air base; Fort Nelson, U.S. air base; Fort St. John, U.S. air base.
Amchitka, 254, 255
Anchorage, 253-54
Annette Island, 252-53, 254, 255
Bellingham, 283
Botwood, 170n
Calgary, 324
Edmonton, 324
Gander Airport, 170, 170 n, 303, 306
Gander Lake, 247
Gleneagles, 170n
Goose Bay, 170n, 188, 303, 306, 314, 324 99-year lease, 189, 303n
Grande Prairie, 324
Halifax, 247
Houlton, 283
Kamloops, 324
Kodiak, 253, 254
Labrador, 304
leased bases, 99-year lease, 170
Lethbridge, 205, 324
Newfoundland, 304
Nome, 253
Nova Scotia, 250
Patricia Bay, 253
postwar use, 303
Prince George, 324
Regina, 186, 324
Sea Island, 253
Smith River, 208, 210, 324
Smithers, 252
Sydney, 247
Torbay, 170n, 172, 173, 184, 247
Ucluelet Airdrome, 351-52
Umnak, 254-55
Watson Lake, 324
Whitehorse, 324
Yarmouth, 247Adak, 254
Alaska, 204, 224
Amchitka, 254
Anchorage, 100, 202
Annette Island, 202, 252
Antilles, 19
Argentia, 96, 168, 178, 244, 247
Azores, 251
Baffin Island, 183, 185n, 186
Bermuda, 97 n, 164
Bethel, 100, 202
Big Delta, 202
Botwood, 165, 172
British possessions, 23
Calgary, 205, 208, 213, 323, 324
Canada, 49, 52, 53, 75, 89-90, 128, 130, 191, 199, 224, 304
bases to become Canadian property, 186, 189-90
Caribbean, 19, 162, 164
Churchill, Manitoba, 130-31, 186, 187, 189, 189n, 284, 304, 316, 324, 325 n
Cordova 100, 202
Cumberland Sound, site survey, 184
Edmonton, 203, 204, 207-0 8, 209-10, 211, 217, 323, 324
Edmonton satellite base. See Bases, air, U.S., Namao.
Fairbanks, 100, 202, 215-16
Frobisher Bay (CRYSTAL II), 130-31, 184, 187, 189, 190, 192-93, 304, 324, 325n
Galena, 202
Gander Airport, 19, 97, 171-72, 182, 183, 184, 190, 191-92, 250, 313-14
Gander Lake, 165, 192
Goose Bay, 130, 131, 184, 187-89, 192, 307, 314, 323, 324. See also Bases. air. U.S., North West River.
Grande Prairie, 201-0 2, 207, 208, 211, 212, 323, 324
Greenland, 149, 182, 183, 186-87, 192
agreement on bases, 152-54
Gulkana, 202
Canadian-British proposal of site survey, 151-52
Canadian use of, 152, 153
construction by U.S., plan No. 2, 152 53
construction with U.S. aid, plan No. 1, 152
site surveys, 151-52
South Greenland Survey Expedition, 154
Harmon Field, 127, 166-68, 169, 173, 192
Iceland, 156-57, 182n, 186, 192, 248, 250
Juneau, 202
Ketchikan, 100
Kodiak, 253
Labrador, 128, 186, 191, 304
McGrath, 202
Maritimes, proposal of, 49-50
Mingan, 188, 189, 190, 324, 325
Naknek, 202
Namao, 208, 211, 316, 323, 324
Narsarssuak (BLUIE WEST 1), 154, 182
Newfoundland, 7, 14, 19-20, 21, 52, 62, 95-96, 97, 164, 181, 186, 187, 191, 250, 304, 307
Nome, 100, 202, 216
North West River, 41, 182-83, 353-54
Bases, air, U.S.--Continued
Northway, 202
Bases, Army, U.S. See also Fort McAndrew; Fort Pepperrell.
Pacific, 199
Padloping Island (CRYSTAL III), 130, 131, 184, 187
postwar use, 303
Presque Isle, 188, 191-92, 247
Prince George, 202, 213, 323, 324
Smithers, 202
Søndre Strømfjord (BLUIE WEST 8), 154 n, 182
Southhampton Island, 130, 186, 187, 189, 190, 192-93, 304, 324, 325n
The Pas, 130, 186-87, 189, 189n, 284, 304, 315, 316, 324, 325n
Trinidad, 97 n
Umnak, 254
Watson Lake, 201, 207, 208, 211, 212, 323, 324
West Indies, 14-15
Whitehorse, 201-0 2, 203, 204, 207, 208, 211, 212, 215, 225, 323, 324, 325, 327
Yakutat, 100, 202, 253
Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, proposal of, 23Anchorage, 100
Bases, naval, British
Canada, 52
Fairbanks, 100
St. John's, 166Azores, 251
Bases, naval, Canadian
Boston, 246, 283
Halifax, 246Argentia, 118
Bases, naval. U.S.
Bay Bulls, 170 n
Boston, 246, 283
Halifax, 123, 246
Kodiak, 255, 283
Maritime Provinces, 99
St. John's 95, 170, 170n, 246
Shelburne, 123Antilles, 19
Bases, U.S. See also Destroyers-for-basesv; Legislation, U.S.; Miltary planning, U.S.; Prince Rupert.
Argentia, 116, 118, 127, 132, 167, 168, 178, 244, 246, 247
Azores, 251
British Isles, 243
British possessions, 23
Canada, 52
Caribbean, 19
Dutch Harbor, 100
Greenland, 152-53
Halifax, 49, 123
Iceland, surveys for, 156
Kodiak, 100
Leyte, 272
Maritime Provinces, 49-50
Newfoundland, 52, 62, 95-96
St. John's, 93, 165-66, 173
Shelburne, 49, 123
Sitka, 100
Sydney, Nova Scotia, 49
Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, proposal of, 23Alaska, 238
Batt, William L., 78, 79
Argentia, 166
Atlantic, need of, 163
Canada, 23, 26, 29, 32-33, 49-50, 69 n, 88, 107. 301
Caribbean, 163
Latin America, 163
leased
agreements, 62, 96, 97-98, 164, 165, 166-67, 169-70, 188-89, 189n Canada, 23-24
Newfoundland, 162, 165, 167-73, 177-78, 307
Greenslade Board, 166, 177
Newfoundland, 23, 126-27
99-year lease, 164, 165, 166
cost of, 168
Pacific, 238
defense of, 165-66
undeveloped sites and construction delays, 171
U.S. jurisdiction, 165, 166-67
Western Hemisphere, need of, 11Battle of the Atlantic, 123, 162, 174, 242-51
Battle of Britain, 8, 47-48, 50, 55-56, 94, 103 4
Battle of Los Angeles, 121
Battle of the St. Lawrence, 174n
Bauxite, 149n
Bay Bulls, 170n
Bearn, 158
Beaverbrook, Lord, 70, 82n
Bechtel-Price-Callahan company, 232, 327, 328
Belgian Congo, 287, 288
Belgium, 293
Bell, R. P., 80
Bell Island, 95
Bell Telephone Company of Canada, 180
Bellingham, 283
Berle, Adolf A., Jr., 78
Bermuda, 97n, 149n, 164
Bethel, 100, 202
Big Delta, 222, 225
Biggar, O. M., 32, 34. 37, 90, 113, 114, 115, 120, 183, 201, 335
Bilateral trade agreement, U.S.-Canadian, 4
Bishop, Air Marshal William, 7
Bismarck, 154, 243
Bissell, Lt. Col. C., 36
Black Watch, 95
Blissville, 305
BLUIE WEST 1, 154, 154n, 182
Board of Inquiry for the Great Lakes Fisheries, U.S.-Canadian, 27
Bombardment Squadrons, U.S.
77th, 203
Bomber Reconnaissance Squadrons, Canadian
421st, 248No. 8, 254
Bonesteel, Maj. Gen. Charles H., 157
No. 10, 98n
No. 115, 252n, 255
No. 149, 255Boston, 39, 41, 246
Boston Port of Embarkation, 130, 132, 133
Botwood, 92, 95, 99, 165, 170n, 172, 173
Bouchard, J. G., 78
Boundary, Alaska, 219
Bowman, Isaiah, 157n
Bowman Bay. 191
Brant Maj. Gen. Gerald C., 117-18, 118n, 119-20, 301-02
Brazil, 48, 87, 144
Bristol, Rear Adm. Arthur L., 124, 244
British Air Force. See Royal Air Force.
British Columbia, 71, 88, 101, 106-07, 111, 112, 120, 121, 128, 137, 217, 218, 225n, 259, 281, 298n, 299
British Commonwealth, 15, 20-21, 49, 55, 56-57, 61, 63, 64, 69, 69n, 82, 83, 85, 144, 145, 146, 147n, 160, 161, 282, 293, 294, 298, 338, 339-40. See also British Empire; United Kingdom.
British Commonwealth Air Training Plan, 9-10, 14, 241n, 242, 274-75, 281-83
British Commonwealth Occupation Force, 270
British destroyer fleet, December 1940, 242
British Empire 1, 3-4, 9, 25, 60, 63-64, 68, 69, 164, 293. See also British Commonwealth; United Kingdom.
British Fleet, 3, 49, 272. See also Royal Navy. disposal of, if Britain falls, 8-9, 12-13, 14, 16, 163, 164
British Government. See United Kingdom.
British Guiana, 149n
British Isles. See United Kingdom.
British Military Mission, 58, 63, 72-73
British Navy. See British Fleet; Royal Navy.
British Overseas Airways Company, 312
British Pacific Fleet, 272
British Purchasing Commission, 15, 60, 61, 92
British Scientific Mission, 285, 286
British Supply Council in North America, 61
British West Indies, 9, 295
Brodeur, Rear Adm. V. G., 72, 75n
Buffalo, 39, 41, 102, 198
Burma, 271
Burwash, 206, 207
Bush, Vannevar, 288
Butler, Maj. Gen. William O., 255
Byrd, Lt. Richard E., 2
Cabinet, U.S., 218, 219, 228
Cabinet Defense Committee, Canadian, 336
Cabinet War Committee, Canadian, 34, 42, 70, 71, 75, 80-81, 105, 114, 119, 120, 121, 135-36, 137, 183-84, 188, 204, 209, 210-11, 215, 227, 229, 261, 268, 272, 321
Cadres, for Canadian Army Pacific Force, 269, 270
Cairo-Tehran Conference, 66n
Calgary, 205, 208, 213, 323, 324
Cameron Highlanders, 156
Camp 550, Edmonton, 327, 328
Camp Bedford, 262
Camp Breckinridge, 270
Camp Canol, 214
Camp Pine, 22
Camp Shilo, 133, 281
Campbell, 151
Canadian-American Military Board, 275, 276
Canadian claims
title to all U.S. facilities in Canadian northwest, 203-04
Canadian Forces in Newfoundland, 118-19
to U.S. bases, 186
to U.S. facilities in Canada, Newfoundland, Labrador, 186
to U.S. radar sets, 71Canadian Fusiliers, 257
Canadian grant to United Kingdom, 294-95
Canadian Military Headquarters in United Kingdom, 264
Canadian military mission to Washington. See Joint Staff Mission, Canadian; U.S.-
Canadian relations, areas of Canadian discontent, military mission to Washington.
Canadian National Railways, 196, 238, 239, 284
Canadian Pacific Railway Company, 181
Canadian Prime Minister. See King, W. L. Mackenzie.
Canadian Special Service Battalion, 1st. See First Special Service Force, U.S.-Canadian.
Canadian-U.S. relations. See U.S.-Canadian relations, areas of co-operation; U.S.Canadian relations, areas of Canadian discontent; U.S.-Canadian relations, areas of U.S. discontent.
Canol Project, 52, 128, 135, 136, 200, 214 15, 217, 224, 225, 227, 228-36, 241, 304. 315, 318, 319, 328n, 361-62. See also Air ferry routes, Mackenzie River air route; Flight strips, Canadian; Flight strips, U.S.
agreements, 229-31, 232-33, 234-35
CAP 365. See Airways, maintenance and control of facilities.
contracts, revision of, 234
disposition of, 329, 331-33
expenditures, 234, 322n
expenditures and sale price, 333
and Special Committee of Senate to Investigate the National Defense Program, 233
Task Force 2600, 127, 231
and U.S. troops in Canada, 297
waiving of Canadian royalties, 278Cape Dorset, Hudson's Bay Company, 191
Cape Low, 191
Carcross, 230, 331
Cargo transport, intercountry, 51
Caribbean, 7, 19, 48, 142-43, 162, 163, 164, 228, 249
Carmichael, J. H., 80
Carnegie Institute, 286
Casablanca conference, 67n, 248
Caucasus, 261
Central Air Defense Zone, U.S., 195, 197
Central America, 48, 142
Central Canada Aircraft Detection Corps, 195, 197-98
Century Group, 19
Ceylon, 271
Chadwick, Sir James, 288
Chalk River, Ontario, 288
Chalk River Atomic Energy Project, 288, 289
Champagne, 226-27
Chautauqua, 3
Chicago Tribune, 18
Chief of General Staff, Canadian, 265, 268
Chief of Naval Operations, U.S., 35, 92, 157, 194, 249. See also King, Admiral Ernest J.
study of Japanese threat, 55n
Chief Signal Officer, U.S. Army, 133-34, 236Chief of Staff, U.S., 74, 88, 92, 108, 110-11, 113, 115, 187, 219. See also Marshall, General of the Army George C.
Chiefs of Staff. See Chiefs of Staff, British;
Chiefs of Staff, Canadian; Combined Chiefs of Staff, U.S.-British; Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S.; Joint Staff, Canadian; Joint Staff Mission, British; Joint Staff Mission, Canadian.
Chiefs of Staff, British, 56, 57, 59, 66
Chiefs of Staff, Canadian, 13, 42, 66, 76, 108, 119, 120, 121, 194, 268, 336
Chiefs of Staff, U.S.SeeJoint Chiefs of Staff, U.S.
Chile, 144, 147
China, 3, 58-59, 67, 68, 70, 293, 295
Christie, Loring, 13, 21, 21n, 31, 149
Churchill, Manitoba, 191, 281. See also Bases, air, U.S.
Churchill, Winston S., 8-9, 12-13, 19, 20 21, 21n, 24n, 25, 63-65, 65n, 66, 84-85, 123, 156n, 159, 160, 162-65, 248, 260, 268, 340. See also Roosevelt and Churchill.
CINCLANT, 124
Citizen action groups
program for Canadian action, 18, 18n
Civil Aeronautics Administration, U.S., 305
U.S. Century Group urges destroyers-forbases, 19Civil Aeronautics Authority, U.S., 202
Civil Air Patrol, 247
Civil air transport. See Aviation, postwar international operations.
Claims, collision, settlement of, 277-78
Clark, Lewis, 291n
Claxton, Brooke, 18n
Coast Artillery Regiments
57th, 96
Coast defense, 317. See also Harbor defenses.
62d, 96
100th, 195guns, 92, 93-94, 175
Coast Guard, U.S., 125, 152, 192, 245
Maritime Provinces, 89
units, Canadian, 98-99Coast Guard cutters, 165
Coastal Frontier. See Naval Coastal Frontier, North Atlantic; Naval Coastal Frontier, Pacific; Sea Frontier.
Cold war, 337, 338
Coldwell, M. J., 19n
Colombia, 48
Colonies, European, in Western Hemisphere U.S. policy on, 10, 142-43, 143n, 146, 149-50, 152-53, 158, 163
Columbia, 165
Combined Chiefs of Staff, U.S.-British, 27, 46, 58, 59-60, 62-63, 64, 65n, 66-68, 75, 76, 77-78, 82, 83, 248, 249, 267, 268. See also Conferences, politico-military.
Combined Chiefs of Staffs, etc.--Continued
CRIMSON Project review, 186
Combined Civil Affairs Committee, 65-66
third powers participate, 65
U.S. personnel, 59, 59nCombined Committee on Air Training in North America, 283
Combined Communications Board, 65
Combined Food Board, U.S.-British, 83-84, 84n
Combined versus joint agencies, 77-78
Combined Meteorological Committee, 65
Combined Policy Committee (atomic research), 288
Combined Production and Resources Board, U.S.-British, 83, 84n
Combined Raw Materials Board, U.S.-British, 63, 79, 83, 84n
Combined Shipping Adjustment Board, U.S.British, 63, 83
Command, unity of, 109, 140-41, 340
in ABC-1 plan, 102-03
Commander in Chief, Western Approaches, 122; 243, 245-46
antisubmarine operations, under Canadian control, 251
AAF-USN dispute, antisubmarine air cover, 247
in Canada and Newfoundland, 110-22
Canadian antiaircraft battery under U.S. control, 195
in Canadian Armed Forces, 121-22
Canadian insistence on mutual co-operation, 110-11, 356
convoys, eastern Atlantic, under USN and RN, 248-49
convoys, western Atlantic
under Royal Canadian Navy, 125 26, 245-46, 248-49
under U.S. Navy, 123-26, 244, 248-49
U.S. patrol planes, Newfoundland, under RCAF, 249
for Joint Task One, antisubmarine air patrol, 118
lack of, in ABC-22 plan, 103-04, 105-06
lack of, in British Columbia, 120-21
lack of, in Canada and Newfoundland, 74
lack of, in Newfoundland, 97, 98, 104
lack of, in 1940 Plan, 88-90
Newfoundland air patrol, under USN, 247
U.S. antisubmarine aircraft, Newfoundland, under RCAF, 250
U.S. insistence upon, 342
vested in U.S. under 1940 Plan, 115Commodity Supply and Allocation Committees, 83. See also Combined Food Board.
Communication channels, multiplicity of, 134
Communication facilities, 86, 130-31, 141, 318
Alaska Communications System, 133-34
Communications agreement, U.S.-Canadian. See JAN-CAN.
Alaska Highway and Canol radio nets, 236, 237
Army Airways Communications Service, 133
Canada, 52, 136, 190, 190n, 349-50
Canadian northwest, 236-37
Greenland, 149
Maritimes, 349-50
Newfoundland, 118, 179, 180, 190n, 349-50
Newfoundland (Gander) Airport, 190
telephone and telegraph line, Edmonton to Alaska, 236-37, 305-06, 323, 324, 325, 325n
White Hills, Newfoundland, 167Communications Committee, U.S.-Canadian, 139.
Compulsory military service for aliens, 276. See also Conscription.
Conant, James B., 288
Conception Bay, 174-75
Conferences, politico-military
ARCADIA, Washington, 59, 63-64, 67, 67n, 75
Congress, U.S., 274, 289, 300-301. See also Legislation, U.S.
ARGONAUT, Malta-Yalta, 66n
ATLANTIC, Argentia, 62, 123, 123n, 124 25, 184n, 244, 245
OCTAGON, Quebec, 66, 268, 272
Ottawa Air Training Conference, 282-83
QUADRANT, Quebec, 67, 82, 288
SEXTANT-EUREKA, Cairo-Tehran, 66n
SYMBOL (ANFA), Casablanca, 66n, 248
TERMINAL, Potsdam, 66n
TRIDENT, Washington, 66Conscription. See also Compulsory military service for aliens.
French-Canadian opposition to World War I, 206
Construction and Engineering Committee, U.S.-Canadian, 139
use of Canadian conscripts outside of Canada, 257-58, 258nConstruction of facilities. See also Engineer Districts; Engineer Divisions; Engineer Troops, U.S.; Engineers, Chief of; Roads, Newfoundland.
Alaska Highway, 218-27
Baffin Island, 184
Canada, bases and facilities, 126-31, 133 40, 304n
Construction of facilities--Continued
Canada, review and authorization of projects, 139, 140
Consulates. See Diplomatic missions.
Canol Project, 228-32, 234-35
CRIMSON Project, 184-90
Goose Bay, separate facilities for U.S. forces, 188, 314, 323
Greenland, 182
Labrador, 182-84
Mackenzie River air route, 213-15, 318
Newfoundland bases, 162-63, 166, 167-73
Newfoundland fortifications, radar, roads, 175-80
no continuing rights for U.S. in Canada, 320, 322, 334
Northwest Staging Route, 199-213, 318
Prince Rupert, 239-40
Quebec, 184
telephone-telegraph line, Edmonton to Alaska, 236-37, 305
water route, Waterways to Norman Wells, 231
winter roads, 231-32Contracts, with Canada
cancellation of, 292-93
Controlled areas, railroad, The Pas to Churchill, 284
revision to allow profits, 293Controller of Meteorological Services, Canadian, 190
Convoys. See also Atlantic Convoy Conference; Command, unity of, convoys, eastern Atlantic, under USN and RN; Command, unity of, convoys, western Atlantic; Newfoundland Escort Force; Task Group 4.19.
Atlantic, U.S. escort, Canada to British Isles, 243
Coral Harbour, 191
Atlantic coast, 246
Eastern Local Area, 246, 248
with escort aircraft carriers, 249
fast and slow convoys, 245
Greenland, 249
Iceland-Momp shuttle, 246, 248
Kodiak to Dutch Harbor, 256
to Mediterranean, 248-49
Mid-ocean Area, 246, 247
North Africa, 246-47
North Atlantic, 246-47, 251
Pacific, 105-06
routing of, 245
troops for Attu and Kiska operations, 256
troops to Mediterranean, 248-49
troops to United Kingdom, 125, 246
western Atlantic, 48, 49, 88, 105-06, 122 23, 125-26, 242-43, 244, 245-46, 248
loss rate, 158
unified command under U.S., 123-24
Western Local Area, 246, 247Corbett, Percy, 144
Cordova, 100, 202
Corlett, Maj. Gen. Charles H., 258
Cormoran, 191
CORONET, 269
Corps, U.S. XVI, 241
Corps Areas, Ninth, 121
Corps of Engineers. See Engineers, Corps of.
Corvettes
British, 243
COTTAGE, 257
Canadian, 122, 243, 244, 246, 249, 251, 256
Free French, 246Courts, Canadian civil, concurrent jurisdiction over U.S. troops, 297, 298-99
Courts, U.S. military
full jurisdiction over U.S. troops, 300
Courts-martial, in Canada, 298, 300, 301. See also Courts, U.S. military.
jurisdiction in Canada, limits to, 297Craig, Malin, 149n
Crerar, Gen. Henry D. G., 241
CRIMSON Project, 127, 130-31, 132, 190, 191, 192-93, 318. See also Air ferry routes, North Atlantic.
bases, 181
Crops, 79
preparatory studies, 182-87
review of American plan by JCS, 45-46
urgent construction project, 187, 188Crown Assets Allocation Committee, Canadian, 326
Cruisers
British, 244
Cryolite
Canadian, 251, 256, 272international meeting, New York, on output, 151
CRYSTAL I (Fort Chimo). See Fort Chimo (CRYSTAL I), air base.
mines, 149-50, 151, 154-55
synthetic, 154-55, 155nCRYSTAL II (Frobisher Bay). See Bases, air, U.S., Frobisher Bay (CRYSTAL II).
CRYSTAL III (Padloping Island), 130, 131, 184, 187
Cuffe, Air Commodore A. A. L., 17, 32, 37.
Cumberland Sound, Baffin Inland, 184
Curaçao, 143n 149 n
Curtis, Air Vice Marshal W. A., 37
Customs duties, Canadian, 278, 358
avoidance of, on U.S. equipment, 257
Customs duties, Newfoundland, 169
on surplus property, 326-27Customs duties, U.S., 358 avoidance of, on Canadian equipment, 254
Cutters, U.S. Coast Guard, 245
Czechoslovakia, 293
Dawson, 256
Dawson Creek, 128, 202, 221-22, 225, 236, 298n. See also Flight strips, Canadian, Beatton River. de Gaulle, General Charles, 158-60
Declarations of war
by Canada, 5, 19-20, 69, 107-0 8, 162
Decorations, 265-66
by United Kingdom, 5, 68
by United States, 107-08Deerwester, Col. C. H., 36
Defense, Pan American. See American Republics, defense.
Defense, U.S.-Canadian. See also Military planning, U.S.-Canadian; Permanent Joint Board on Defense; Plans, defense and war.
belligerent Canada, neutral U.S., complication of, 93-94, 160-61, 244
Defense Commands
change in emphasis after Pearl Harbor, 109
defense statement, 12 February 1947, 337 39, 374-75
joint defense, demand in Canada for, 21-22
joint defense, necessity of, 1 2, 22
joint planning for, 86-108
military value of facilities in Canadian northwest, 335
Newfoundland, two defense systems, 180
postwar security requirements, 336, 337
and U.S. troops in Canada, 296-97Alaska, 112, 202, 215-16, 224n, 303
Defense Department, U.S., 50n
co-ordination with many commands, 111
Eastern, 132, 173-74, 197, 198
Northeast, 101, 111-12
Western, 100-101, 107, 112, 120, 121, 197, 252, 256, 302-03, 302nDenmark, 149, 153, 293. See also Iceland. Germany, occupation of, 150, 152-53
Dental service, 277
Department of the Air Force, 35n
Department of External Affairs, Canadian, 34, 35, 41, 42, 135, 136, 151, 160, 297, 312, 336. See also Keenleyside, Hugh L.
Department of Mines and Resources, Canadian, 135, 136, 219
Department of National Defense, Canadian, 5, 34, 35, 42, 263, 264, 266, 328
Department of National Defense for Air, Canadian, 136, 328
Department of State, U.S., 24, 28-29, 31, 32, 34, 38, 42, 43n, 57-58, 60, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 135, 144, 146, 147, 150-54, 155, 158, 159, 160, 169-70, 189n, 219, 221n, 229, 234, 303n, 311, 312, 328n, 336
Department of State Bulletin, 28-29
Department of Transport, Canadian, 135, 136, 184, 187, 201, 203, 205, 207-08, 209, 212-13, 236, 237, 238, 302n, 307, 308, 309, 323, 328
Deserters, 277
Destroyers. See also Destroyers-for-bases.
British 242, 243, 246, 249
Destroyers-for-bases, 19, 21, 23-24, 29, 32, 49, 62, 69n, 92, 95, 126, 162-65, 165n, 242. See also Bases, air, Canadian, leased; Bases, U.S., leased; Legislation, U.S. delivery of destroyers, 165
Canadian, 122, 243, 244, 246, 251
Polish, 246
U.S., 246to Canada, 92
sale of to Canada, proposal, 163, 164DeWitt, Lt. Gen. John L., 41n, 252, 253, 256
Dieppe raid, 257n
Dill, Field Marshal Sir John, 288
Dimond, Anthony, 221
Diplomatic missions
British, in Iceland, 157
Doenitz, Admiral Karl, 242
British, in South America, 146
British, in Washington, 69, 149. See also Lothian, Lord.
Canadian, in Greenland, 150-51.
Canadian, in Latin America, 144, 147, 148, 161
Canadian, in Washington, 31, 42n, 71n, 135, 282. See also Christie, Loring.
Danish, in Washington, 150
Icelandic, in U.S., 155
U.S., in Greenland, 150
U.S., in London, 163
U.S., in Ottawa, 135, 234, 271, 282, 291n, 310n, 312. See also Atherton, Ray; Moffat, Jay Pierrepont. U.S., in St. John's, 117-18, 177
U.S.-Canadian, embassy status for, 76
USSR, in Washington, 216Donald, J. R., 80
Douglas Harbour, 191
Douglass, Lt. Col. R. W., Jr., 35
Drummond, L. E., 135
Duff, Sir Lyman, 299
Dunkerque, 7-8, 47-48, 90
Dunn, Brig. Gen. Beverly C., 139
Durand, E. Dana, 78
Dutch East Indies, 103n, 228
Dutch Harbor, 100, 253-54, 256
East Hope Lake, Hudson's Bay Company, 191
Eastern Air Command, 99, 112, 125, 249
Eastern Defense Command, 132, 173-74, 197, 198
Eastern Theater of Operations, 127
Economy. See also Pay.
Canadian, 199, 207, 210, 273
Edmonton, 127-28, 133, 135, 137, 199-200, 202, 203, 204, 224, 236-37, 238-39, 305, 306, 307-08, 323, 324
Newfoundland, 168-69Edmund B. Alexander, 96
Egypt, 293
Eire, 16
Eisenhower, General Dwight D., 265, 266
Eldorado Mining and Refining, Limited, 228
Election, U.S. presidential, 55, 56
Embassies. See Diplomatic missions.
Embick, Lt. Gen. Stanley D., 31, 32, 36, 102, 107-08
Emergency stations, U.S., in Canada, 70
Emerson, L. E., 41n, 179
Empress of Asia, 244
Engineer Districts
Dawson Creek, 128
Engineer Divisions
Edmonton, 128
Fairbanks, 128
Hudson, 127, 130
Newfoundland, 127, 166, 167
Skagway, 128, 226
Whitehorse, 128North Atlantic, 127, 130, 132, 139
Engineer Regiments, 330th Engineer General Service, 130, 187
Northwest, 128, 132, 135, 139Engineer troops, U.S., 172, 214, 221, 223, 318
Alaska Highway, pioneer road, construction of, 222
Engineers, Chief of, 127-28, 130, 140, 219, 228
Canol Project, 231
Greenland, 154
use of, in Canada, 207
use of, and withdrawal from Canada, 206Engineers, Corps of, 127, 130, 132, 136, 139, 166, 188, 195, 209, 211, 222, 226, 229, 239, 240, 328n
England. See United Kingdom.
English Channel, 8, 56
Enlistment, of Americans in Canadian Armed Forces, 241-42, 241n, 274-75, 281-82
Enlistment, of Canadians in U.S. Armed Forces, 242
ESKIMO, 281
Eskimo Point, 191
Esquimalt, 255, 272
Etawney Lake, 191
Ethiopia, 3, 293
European Theater of Operations, 241, 317, 318
Evans, Pvt. William, 298n
Exchange. See also Morgenthau-Ilsley agreement; Roosevelt, Franklin D., Hyde Park Declaration. Canadian, made available to U.K., 294
Canadian need of U.S. dollars, 291
Executive Agreement Series, U.S., 29
Canadian surplus of U.S. dollars, 292-93, 292n, 322
limits on Canadian holdings of U.S. dollars, 322Executive Agreements
on Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway, deferral of, 274
Executive Orders, ATC authorized to carry passengers for hire, 312-13
Ogdensburg Declaration, 28-29Exercises. See by name. Explosives, 286
Exports, Canadian, to United States, 291-92
Facilities. See Airways, maintenance and control of facilities; Construction of facilities; Facilities in Canada; Transportation facilities.
Facilities in Canada
Alaska Highway, gift to Canada, 329-31
Fairbanks, 100, 202, 215-16, 222, 225, 227, 230, 232, 234n, 235, 237, 308, 331, 332, 333
to become Canadian property: PJBD recommendation, 320, 325
to become Canadian property after reimbursement to U.S., 326
disposition of, 44, 54, 317-20, 358-59, 364-65
negotiated settlement, 333-34
sale of, to Canada, 327-34
and surplus property, 328-29
transfer to Canada, 323, 325Far East, 103n, 202
Ferguson, George, 18n
Fermi, Enrico, 287
Fighter Squadrons, Canadian
No. 14, 254, 255
Fighter Squadrons, Canadian--Continued
No. 111, 253, 254-55
Financing. See also projects by name
No. 115, 252, 252n
No. 118, 254, 255
No. 135, 255airfields, in eastern Canada, 323
First Quebec Conference, 66, 82, 288
airfields, northern, expenditures on, U.S. and Canadian, 323, 324, 333-34
Alaska Highway, 220, 221, 224
atomic energy research, 287, 288
Canol Project, 230, 232-33
Goose Bay air base, 323
Mackenzie River air route, 213
Northwest Staging Route, 202, 203, 211 12, 213-14, 220, 320-21
Canadian payment for permanent improvements, 322-23
projects in Canada, at U.S. expense, 320
telephone-telegraph line, Alaska Highway, 323
telephone-telegraph line, for RCAF, 306First Special Service Force, U.S.-Canadian, 51, 258-68
administrative agreements on, 262-63
Fleets, U.S.
administrative problems for Canadian personnel, 263-64
and Aleutian campaign, 258-59, 266
awards and decorations, problem of, 265-66
Canadian replacements, problem of, 265
casualties, 266
evaluation of, 267-68
and invasion of France, 266-67
and Italian campaign, 265, 266
training of, 261-62Fifth, 272
Flight strips, Canadian
Pacific, 112, 125, 255Aishihik, 208, 210, 324
Flight strips, U.S. See also Fort Simpson; Fort Smith, Northwest Territories.
Beatton River, 208, 210, 324
Snag, 208, 210, 324
Teslin, 208, 210, 324Alaska Highway, 206, 207, 304, 315, 324, 330
Flying Control Committee, U.S.-Canadian, 139
Burwash, 206, 207
Camp Canol, 214
Canol Project, 214, 304, 316
Dawson Creek, 206, 207
Embarras, 214
Fort Providence, 214
Fort Resolution, 214
Fort Simpson, 214
Fort Smith, 214
Hay River, 214
Liard River, 206, 207
Mackenzie River air route, 214, 322n, 323
Mills Lake, 214
Norman Wells, 214
Peace River, 214
Pine Lake, 206, 207
Pon Lake, 206, 207
Prophet River, 206, 207
Sikanni Chief River, 206, 207
Squanga Lake, 206, 207
U.S. alternates for Canadian staging fields, 206, 213, 304
Waterways, 214
weather stations, 237
Wrigley, 214Food, purchases in Canada, 137n. See also Combined Food Board, U.S.-British; War Food Administrator, U.S.
Foreign Liquidation Commissioner, U.S., 328, 333, 334
Foreign policy, Canadian, and United Nations, 337
Forrestal, James V., 24, 31n, 80
Fort Benning, 281
Fort Brady, Ottawa, 195
Fort Chimo (CRYSTAL I), air base, 130, 184, 185, 186, 187, 189, 190, 192, 284, 304, 324, 325n
Fort Fitzgerald, 231
Fort Good Hope, 215
Fort McAndrew, 127, 167-68, 173, 175, 178, 179, 180
Fort McMurray, 284
Fort McPherson, 215
Fort Nelson, 201, 202, 207, 208, 211, 212, 215, 323, 324
Fort Pepperrell, 96, 127, 167-68, 173, 180
Fort Providence, 214, 231
Fort Richardson, 254
Fort Ross, 284
Fort St. John, 127, 201, 202, 207, 208, 211, 212, 219, 221, 227, 323, 324
Fort Simpson, 214, 215
Fort Smith, Northwest Territories, 135, 214, 231, 232
Fort Stevens, 122n
Fort William Henry Harrison, 261-62
Fort Yukon, 215
Foster, Brigadier Harry W., 257
Foster, L. B., Company, 333
Foster, Maj. Gen. W. W., 137-41, 224, 344
France, 293, 295, 339
fall of, 6, 7-8, 9-10, 18, 20, 47-48, 60, 90, 95, 131, 142, 144, 156, 158, 162, 163, 242, 290
Frederick, Lt. Col. Robert T., 260
invasion of, 266-67
invasion build-up, 251
matériel aid for, 15
member, Military Representatives of the Associated Pacific Powers, 68
sabotage raids in, 266Free French, 158-59, 160
naval force from Halifax takes St. Pierre, 159
French Committee of National Liberation, 159
occupation of St. Pierre and Miquelon, 50Frigates, Canadian, 251
Frobisher Bay (CRYSTAL II). See Bases, air, U.S.
Fry, Eric, 183
Gaffney, Col. D. V., 209
Gander Lake, 165, 192, 247
Gaspé SeeHarbor defenses.
Gaspé Peninsula, 89
General Headquarters, U.S. Army, 112, 127
General Staff, Canadian, 113, 260-61
George, Brig. Gen. Harold L., 130
Germany, 8, 10, 11, 102-0 3, 105. 339. See also Declarations of war.
air attacks on Great Britain, 55-56
Gleneagles, 170n
collapse of, 334
failure to attempt Channel crossing, 56
Greenland, activities in, 154n
Greenland, aerial reconnaissance of, 154
Greenland weather stations, British seizure of, 154
invasion of USSR, 244
naval and air power, Atlantic, 197
naval operations, 154-55
occupation of Denmark, 149, 155
occupation of France, 7
St. Pierre radio-weather station, 158
submarines, increased number on patrol duty, 248
surrender of. 270
threat to bases in Greenland, Iceland, West Indies, 142
threat to Greenland, 150, 151
threat to Iceland, 155Glenn Highway, 225
Godthaab, 150
Goose Bay. See Bases, air, Canadian, Goose Bay; Bases, air, U.S., Goose Bay and North West River; Newfoundland.
Gordon, Herbert, 271n
Gordon, Walter 80
Governor General, Canada, 28, 299-300
Graham, James H., 228
Grand Prairie, 201-0 2, 207, 208, 211, 212. 323, 324
Great Bear Lake mine, 287, 288
Great Britain. See United Kingdom.
Great Circle Route to Europe, 303
Great Circle Route to the Orient, 201. 303
Great Falls, 204, 205
Great Lakes, 1, 278-80
Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River defense, 198
Great Lakes-St. Lawrence seaway, 50, 274
Greece, 293, 295
Green Project, AAF, 192, 319
Greenland, 14, 48, 50, 87, 88, 105, 142, 154, 155, 161, 182, 341. See also Bases, air, U.S.; Plans, defense and war, ABC-1.
American protectorate, suggestion by Denmark, 150
GREENLIGHT. See Infantry Brigades, Canadian 13th.
Canadian interest, basis of, 151
Canadian memo to U.S. on security of cryolite mines, 150
cryolite output, and New York City meeting, 151
defense of, 149-55
conflicting American policies on, 150 51
German-controlled weather station, 154
protection for mines, Canadian offers of, 151, 154
German planes, aerial reconnaissance. 154
request for U.S. protection, 150, 151
U.S. opposition to Canadian or U.K. occupation, 149-50, 151Greenslade, Rear Adm. John W., 166
Greenslade Board, 166, 177
Groves, Maj. Gen. L. R., 288
Guided missiles, 341
Hackworth, Green H., 164n
Hague Convention, 10
Haines, 226
Haines-Champagne road, 226-27, 330-31
Halifax, Lord, 59, 146
Halifax, Nova Scotia, 39, 41, 49, 123, 124, 125, 159, 165, 242, 244, 245, 246, 247, 305
Hamilton, 165
Hampton Roads Port of Embarkation, 266
Handy, General Thomas T., 269
Hansen, Alvin H., 78
Harbor defenses. See also Coast defense.
Harbor defenses--Continued
Argentia, 354
Harmon Field, 127, 166-68, 169, 173, 178, 192
Bell Island, 95, 173
Botwood, 92, 95, 99, 173
Canadian, 89-90
Gaspé, 92
Juan de Fuca Strait, 93, 107
Prince Rupert, British Columbia, 94, 239
Puget Sound, 93, 106
St. John's, 92, 93, 95, 96, 99, 116, 173
Shelburne, 92Harrison, W. A., 80
Havana, 11, 26, 143, 144
Hawaii, 312
Hay River, Alberta, 231, 232
Heakes, Group Capt. F. V., 37
Hebron, 183
Helena, 237, 261
Henry, Maj. Gen. Guy V., 36, 207, 334-35
Henry, R. A. C., 78
Hepburn, Rear Adm. A. J., 41n
Herchmer, 191
Heuvelton, New York, 23, 28n
Hickerson, John D., 32, 36, 136-37, 256
Highways. See Roads; and by name.
Hill, Capt. Harry W., 31, 32, 36
Hiroshima, 284
Hitler, Adolf, 8, 156, 334
Hobbs, Col. G. K., 130
Hockenberry, Lt. Col. E. W., 36
Holyrood, 179
Hong Kong, 71n, 272n
Honshu Island, 200, 272
Hopkins, Harry, 48, 82, 123, 156
Hospital facilities, for Canadian troops in U.S. Army hospital, 277
Houlton, 283
House of Commons, British, 8, 13
House of Commons, Canadian, 15n, 18, 23, 24, 28, 92, 119, 144, 146, 162, 235, 319, 321, 338
House Joint Resolution 367, 11
House of Representatives, 274
Howe, C. D., 61, 185n, 203, 205, 209, 288, 308, 309 316n, 321
Hudson, Alkert B., 299
Hudson Bay, 194-95, 196, 281
U.S. policy on, 194n
Hudson's Bay Company, 151, 231, 284Hull, Cordell, 12, 13, 14, 15, 19, 35, 55, 59, 62, 68, 71n, 75, 143n, 149-50, 151-53, 153n, 159, 160, 164n, 218, 254, 279, 291. See also Department of State, U.S.
Hyde Park, 29
Hyde Park Declaration. See Roosevelt, Franklin D., Hyde Park Declaration.
Hydroelectric plants
Lake of St. Francis, power increase, 273
Hydroelectric projects, 50, 274
Niagara Falls, power increase, 273
Norwegian and Alpine, 259
Iceland, 9, 48, 49, 50, 123, 124, 162, 182, 243, 244-45, 250, 293, 341. See also Bases, air, British; Bases, air, U.S.; Bases, naval, U.S.
American troops in, 156, 157
Ickes, Harold, 230
British troops, occupation by, 155
defense of, 14, 155-57
Denmark, Act of the Union with, 155
and Denmark, King of, 155
German bases, threat of, 142
Hitler declares island in war zone, 156
President of, 157n
refusal to request U.S. troops, 157
request for Monroe Doctrine protection, 155Ilford, 191
Ilsley, J. L., 322.
Imperial Oil Company, Limited, 228, 229, 232-33, 234-35, 331, 333
Imperial War Cabinet, London, 64
Imports, Canadian, from United States, 292
Income tax, Canadian, 278
India, 67, 82, 295
INDIGO, 157
Industry, Canadian, 14. See also Munitions, Canadian; Munitions, U.S.; War production.
materiel production program, 5, 86
Industry, U.S.-Canadian. See also Munitions, Canadian; Munitions, U.S.; War production.
need of U.S. dollars, 291
and U.S. machine tools, 92n, 290-91joint production program, proposal, 341 42, 350
Infantry Battalions, Canadian, 95, 99, 142, 257
production capacity, wartime expansion, 290-91, 342Infantry Brigades, Canadian 13th, 257-58, 259
Infantry Divisions, Canadian
2d, 156, 156n
Infantry Regiments, U.S.
3d, 99
6th, 270, 317
7th, 317
8th, 3173d, 96, 175
17th, 258
53d, 258
Infantry Regiments, U.S.--Continued
87th Mountain, 258
Installations. See Communication facilities; Construction of facilities; Facilities in Canada; Flight strips, Canadian; Flight strips, U.S.; Weather stations, U.S.; under Bases; and by name.
131st, 195
184th, 258
474th (Separate), 267Institute of International Affairs, Canadian, 337
Intelligence
exchange of, 347
Intelligence Division, U.S. War Department General Staff, 17
and exchange of staff officers, 280Inter-Allied Personnel Board, 275, 276
Inter-American Defense Board, 145 Interior Staging Route, British Columbia, 306. See also Air ferry routes.
International Conference of American States, 143
International Fisheries Commission, U.S.Canadian, 27
International Joint Commission, U.S.-Canadian, 27
International Joint Defense Plan for Juan de Fuca Strait and Puget Sound, 106-0 7
International law, 339
and Canadian jurisdiction over its forces in U.S., 300-301
International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission, 27
jurisdiction over friendly foreign forces, 297nIran, 293
Iraq, 293
Iron ore, 193, 273, 274
Isolationism, U.S., 2
Italy, 10, 241, 264, 265, 266, 293
declaration of existence of state of war, by U.S., 108
Ivigtut, 149, 151
surrender of, 251
Jamaica, 49, 142, 149n
James Bay, 194, 196
JAN-CAN (Joint Army, Navy, Canadian), 302-0 3
communications and air traffic control, 302
JAN-CAN Committee, U.S.-Canadian, 141
dissolved February 1944, 305Japan, 10, 87, 94, 100, 107-0 8, 143n, 162, 252, 317, 334, 335, 339. See also Aleutian campaign; Attu; Kiska.
attack on Dutch Harbor, 253
Japanese, evacuation of, from west coast, 284
Attu, occupation of, 255
build-up on Attu and Kiska, 256
Canadian desire to participate in final assault on, 268
Canadian attitude toward occupation of, 270
carrier task force attack on Dutch Harbor, 204
diplomatic discussions with, 70
Kiska, evacuation of, 259
Kiska, occupation of, 204, 255
Kiska garrison, attacks on 254-55
surrender of, 270, 271, 319
task force off Aleutians, 253
threat to Alaska, 252, 255
threat of attack on Aleutians, 253
threat in Pacific, 55, 70
threat to west coast, 199, 318
threat to west coast shipping, 218
threat to western Canada, 255Japanese balloons, 200
Japanese population, Prince Rupert, evacuation of, 240
Jesuit College, Edmonton, 327, 328
Jeter, Capt. T. P., 36
Johnson, Vice Adm. A. W., 36
Johnson, Air Vice Marshal George, 249
Joint Agricultural Committee, U.S.-Canadian, 81, 84n
Joint Army and Navy Munitions Board Priorities Committee, U.S., 61
Joint Basic Defense Plan, Newfoundland, 117, 119
Joint Basic Defense Plan--1940. See Plans, defense and war, Joint Basic Defense Plan--1940, U.S.-Canadian.
Joint Basic Defense Plans 1 and 2, 89, 101 0 2, 103-0 4, 105, 112-15
Joint Board, U.S., 45, 46
Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S., 10, 45, 46, 56, 59n, 66, 76, 106, 120, 268, 269, 270, 280, 336
Joint Declaration by the United Nations, 69
Joint Defense Production Committee, U.S.Canadian, 79
Joint Economic Committees, U.S. and Canadian, 78-80, 84n
Joint Material Coordinating Committee, 79, 83, 84
Joint Service Committee, Canadian, 121
Joint Staff, Canadian, 34, 51, 52, 76, 135, 268, 269, 270, 280
Joint Staff, U.S.SeeJoint Chiefs of Staff, U.S.
Joint Staff Mission, British, 58, 63, 72, 73
Joint Staff Mission, Canadian, 72-76, 104, 112, 113, 248, 260, 264, 267, 268, 280, 336, 342
Joint Task One (protection of overseas shipping), 122, 125. See also Submarine, antisubmarine operations.
Joint Task Two (defense of Newfoundland), 116
Joint Travel Control Board, U.S.-Canadian, 141, 224
Joint War Aid Committee, U.S. and Canada, 82, 84n
Joint War Production Committee, U.S.Canadian, 80, 84n. See also Joint Defense Production Committee, U.S.Canadian.
Jones, Rear Adm, G. C., 37
Juan de Fuca Strait, 106-0 7, 111
Julianehaab, 182
Julius Thomsen, 151
Jurisdiction, 134, 165-67, 169, 189, 296-301
U.S.-Australian and U.S.-New Zealand agreements, 298
U.S.-British agreement, 297-98
U.S.-Canadian agreements, 299-301
Kaldaharnes, 182
Kamloops, 324
Kauffmann, Henrik de, 150, 152-53
Keenleyside, Hugh L., 2n, 12, 18n, 21n, 31, 32, 33n, 34, 35, 37, 78, 310n
Kennedy, Joseph P., 8, 163
Kenny, Air Commodore W. R., 71-72
Kerwin, Patrick, 299
Ketchikan, 100, 202
Kiel Canal, 193
King, Admiral Ernest J., 59, 59n, 249
King, W. L. Mackenzie, 3, 4, 9, 12, 13-15, 18-19, 20, 21, 21n, 22, 23, 25, 34, 42, 59, 60, 62, 64-65, 65n, 66, 68, 69n, 70 71, 71n, 73, 76, 92, 114, 119, 120, 121, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 150, 159, 160, 162, 218, 220-21, 260, 288, 289, 303-0 4, 319-20, 321, 336, 338. See also Roosevelt and King.
Kingston, Ontario, 3, 24
Kiska, 254-56, 265, 266
assault on, 256, 257, 258-59
Klondike gold rush, 225
assault force, 255, 258
occupation of, 255Kluane, 226
Knox, Frank, 19, 32, 164, 194. See also Secretary of the Navy, U.S.
Knudsen, William S., 79
Kodiak, 100, 253, 254, 255, 283
Kure, 272
Labor, Canadian, 134. See also Western Labor Board, Canadian.
co-ordination of, 137
Labor, U.S.
inadequacy of, 205-0 6, 207, 209, 210
Northwest Staging Route, 209, 210, 212Alaska Highway, 221, 222, 227, 318
Labrador, 20, 48, 130-31, 149n, 162, 163, 182-83, 258n, 302, 303, 304, 305. See also Bases, air, U.S., Goose Bay, Labrador, and North West River; CRIMSON Project.
Argentia, 168
Canadian northwest, 199
Canadian projects, 296
Canol Project, 318
Northwest Staging Route, 208, 209-10
telephone-telegraph line, 236-37Lacey, Capt. J. K., 151
Ladd Field. See Bases, air, U.S., Fairbanks.
LaGuardia, Mayor Fiorello H., 22n, 31-32, 31n, 34, 36, 38n, 41, 42, 50, 52n, 90, 96, 113-14, 119-20, 171, 183, 185n, 218, 220n, 275, 327
Lake Harbour, Hudson's Bay Company, 191
Lake Huron, 193
Lake of St. Francis, 273
Lake Superior, 193
Landing strips. See Flight strips, Canadian; Flight strips, U.S.
Latin America, 7, 87, 142, 144, 145, 147, 148, 149. See also American Republics. defense of, 161, 341
U.S. policy, in connection with Canadian and Commonwealth interest, 161
Laurier, Sir Wilfred, 2Lawrence, Air Vice Marshal T. A., 305
Le Pensie, 191
Le Régiment de Hull, 257
Leahy, Admiral William D., 59n
Leased bases. See Destroyers-for-bases; Legislation, U.S.; and under Bases.
LeCapelain, C. D., 135
Leckie, Air Marshal R., 271
Legations. See Diplomatic missions.
Legislation, British, United States of America (Visiting Forces) Act, 1942, 298, 299, 300
Legislation, Canadian
Defense Air Regulations, 305n
Dominion Companies' Act, 326n
Foreign Forces Order, 297, 298-99
full jurisdiction for U.S. service courts, 300
Mutual Aid Act, 295
National Resources Mobilization Act, 1940, 257-58
oil industry, partial government ownership, 233, 235
Legislation, Canadian--Continued
Surplus Crown Assets Act, 326n
Legislation, U.S.
uranium mines, government ownership, 288
U.S. jurisdiction, removal of exceptions to 299
War Appropriation (United Nations Mutual Aid) Act, 1943, 81-82, 294
War Measures Act of 1914, 5, 299-300aircraft, equipment and munitions, 6
LEMMING, 281
Alaska Highway, designation of, 221n
Atomic Energy Act, 1946, 289
claims commissions, 278
contract renegotiation, 293
critical matériel, transfer of, 92-93
jurisdiction over friendly foreign forces 300-301
Lend-Lease Act, 82, 83, 166, 177, 181-82, 242, 293
limits on transfer of critical supplies, 15
machine tools, export licensing, 290-91
military and naval assistance to American republics, 11
Naval Expansion Act, 1938, 6
Neutrality Act, 1937, 68
Selective Service and Training Act, 1940 276
surplus matériel, sale of, 92Lend-lease. See also Bases, U.S., leased; Destroyers-for-bases; Legislation, Canadian, War Appropriation (United Nations Mutual Aid) Act; Legislation, U.S., Lend-Lease Act; Mutual Aid program, Canadian.
40-billion-dollar program, 293
Les Fusiliers de Sherbrooke, 99
aircraft deliveries, 182, 318
component parts for Canadian-built equipment, 292
convoy of lend-lease cargoes, 243
matériel in Canada, 329
purchases in Canada for transfer to U.K., 292
repairs to British naval vessels, 242
summary of, 293
total cost, 295Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal, 156
Lethbridge, 205, 324
Letson, Maj. Gen. H. F. G., 72, 269, 270
Leyte, 272
Liaison, Canadian. See also Service attachés. with Combined Chiefs of Staff, 65 with U.S. construction projects, 135, 343
Liaison, U.S.-British, 20-21, 20n, 58, 110, 122, 124, 242-43, 244. See also Combined Chiefs of Staff; Military planning, U.S.-British; Service attachés.
Liaison, U.S.-Canadian, 32, 51, 58n, 71-73, 75-76, 110, 121, 122, 136, 244, 280. See also Permanent Joint Board on Defense.
Liaison officers, Canadian, at U.S. air bases, 315, 316n
Liard River, 206, 207
Liberia, 293
Lincoln and Welland Regiment, 99
Liverpool, 243
Llewellin, Col., J. J., 288
Load-line regulations. See Transportation facilities, Great Lakes, load-line regulations.
Locomotives, 178
Logistical and administrative command, U.S.Canadian, feasibility of, 140
Logistical headquarters, U.S. communications zone type, feasibility of, 141
theater-type, feasibility of, 344
Logistical headquarters, U.S.-Canadian, theater-type, feasibility of, 344Logistics. See also Construction of facilities; North West Purchasing, Limited; Western Labor Board, Canadian.
Canol Project, 231
London, 55n, 77
facilities in Canada, 107, 109, 318
North America as logistical base, 317
organization for, 126-41leased bases technical discussions, 166
London Food Committee, 83, 84
prewar military staff meetings, 58Londonderry, Ireland, 246
Loran (long range radio navigation), 337
Lothian, Lord, 10, 13, 14, 19, 55
Lovett, Robert A., 283
Low Countries, 6-7, 11
Lower, R. M., 18n
Low-level Route, Canada, proposed, 215. See Air Ferry routes.
Luftwaffe, 8
Lynn Canal, 226
MacArthur, General of the Army Douglas, 269
McCrae, John, 241n
Macdonnell, R. M., 37
Machine tools, 290-91, 345
Mackay, R. A., 18
Mackenzie, Alexander, 228
Mackenzie, C. J., 285, 288
Mackenzie, Ian A., 7
Mackenzie District, 232
Mackenzie King, W. L.See King, W. L. Mackenzie.
Mackenzie Range, 232
Mackenzie River, 218, 227, 231, 233, 237
Mackenzie River air route, 314, 316. See also Air ferry routes.
Mackenzie River valley, 228, 331
Mackintosh. W. A., 78
MacMillan. H. R., 80
McLean. A. D., 201
McNamara Construction Company, Ltd., 188
McNarney, Lt. Gen. Joseph T., 32, 36, 107, 260
McNaughton, Gen. A. G. L., 37, 41 n, 156 n, 269 n, 335, 336
Magee, John Gillespie, 241 n
Mahoney, Merchant, 10
for American troops in Canada, 312
Maine, 307
to Canadian forces, 277
diplomatic only, carried in Canada, 311Maintenance and control of bases. See Airways.
Maintenance of facilities. See Airways.
Malta-Yalta conference, 67 n
Manila, 55 n
Mapping, aerial, northern Canada, 284
Marine Companies, U.S., 3d Provisional, 96
Marine Operators, 231
Marines, U.S.
Iceland, 156-57
Maritime Provinces, 2, 14, 15, 17, 30 n, 49 50, 53, 86, 89, 92, 99-100, 101, 110-11, 112, 166, 176, 307 defense of 173-74, 348-49
Marine brigades, 157
withdrawn from Iceland, 157Marshall, General of the Army George C., 10, 11, 11 n, 14, 15-16, 56, 59, 59 n, 92, 93, 94, 156, 163, 218, 243 n, 259, 260 61, 268, 268 n. See also Chief of Staff, U.S. Martinique, 158
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 285
Material Coordinating Committee, U.S. and Canada, 79, 83, 84 n
Materials, allotment of, 349
Matériel, allocations of, by PJBD, 86
Matériel, Canadian
to British Commonwealth nations, 294
Matériel, U.S. See also British Purchasing Commission; Combined Production and Resources Board, U.S.-British; Combined Raw Materials Board, U.S.-British; Combined Shipping Adjustment Board, U.S.-British; Munitions Assignments Board, U.S.-British.
dollar receipts under Hyde Park program, 292
purchases for lend-lease and for U.S., 292 to U.K. after Dunkerque, 8 to USSR, 294Canadian needs, supply of, 60-61
Mayors, U.S. Conference of, 34
Canadian request for, 13, 49
direct purchases by Canada, 60, 61
U.K. study of U.S. production, 285Medical service free for U.S. and Canadian troops, 277
Mediterranean Theater of Operations, 317
Metals Reserve Corporation, U.S., 292
Mexico City, 148
Mid-ocean Escort Force, 247
Mid-Pacific islands, 109
Mignano, 266
Military Area, Sault Sainte Marie, 197
Military Cooperation Committee, U.S.-Canadian, 336, 338
Military District, Sault Sainte Marie, 195
Military enlistment centers, Canadian, in U.S., for enlistment of nondeclarant male Canadians, 276
Military hospital, Edmonton, 327
Military planning, Canadian
base for British Fleet, July 1940, 13
Military planning, United Kingdom
defense of Newfoundland and British and French territories, May 1940, 9, 9n
disposal of British fleet, discussion of, with Washington, June 1940, 12
Joint Basic Defense Plan--1940, 110
studies on impending fall of France, June 1940, 9
troops to Greenland if necessary, April 1940, 150British fleet to U.S. or Canada, June 1940, 9
Military planning, U.S. See also Plans, defense and war.
Canadian Army Corps in England, July 1940, 156ABC-1 as basis, March 1941, 58
Alaskan defense, January 1942, 218
arms and liaison officers to Latin America, May 1940, 11
bases in Canada, need for, June 1940, 10, 11
Military planning, U.S.--Continued
Canadian air trainees, none in U.S. schools, May 1940, 10
Military planning, U.S.-British. See also Combined Chiefs of Staff; Plans, defense and war. ABC-1 and ABC-2.
change from defense to support of Britain, October 1940, 55-56
for defeat of Japan, February 1943, 208
defense of the hemisphere, April 1940, 7
estimate of U.S.-Canadian situation, July 1940, 16
estimate of world situation, June 1940, 11, 163
for Europe, North Africa, Alaska, Pacific, December 1941, 109
Greenland not strategically important, May 1939, 149
increased planning with Britain, 1941, 58 59
invasion of Japan, 1945, 269
lack of urgency, September 1939, 6
occupation of European colonies in South America, proposal of, May 1940, 10
orientation toward Caribbean, June 1940, 7, 162, 163, 341
1,200 Canadian trainees in U.S., July 1940, 16and CRIMSON Project, June 1942, 186, 187
Military planning, U.S.-Canadian. See also Plans, defense and war; Permanent Joint Board on Defense.
informal talks in London, August 1940, 20, 55, 77, 242
invasion build-up, 1942-44, 186, 191-92, 251, 259
Japanese threat, British proposal of talks on, October 1940, 55
military missions, first meeting of, June 1941, 58
staff talks, British request for, June 1940, 14
staff talks, Washington, January-March 1941, 55-57, 102, 112, 123, 153 n, 155 56, 242-43
U.S. troops for Iceland, June 1941, 156-57Aleutian campaign, May 1943, 256-57
Military planning, U.S.-Dutch-British, 103
Alaska, defense of, April 1942, 252
Alaska, and west coast defense, December 1941, 199
defense, Newfoundland and north Atlantic coast, 1941, 162
estimate of world situation, 1946, 336
estimate of world situation, 1947, 338
Greenland, July 1940, 142
Iceland, July 1940, 142
Montreal Revise, April 1941, 113-14
postwar collaboration, 1946, 337-38
Prince Rupert port, March 1941, 238
Security plan, 1947, 336, 338
staff talks, defense of North America, July 1940, 13-18
state of readiness at time of Pearl Harbor, December 1941, 53
and U.S.-British talks, January-March 1941, 57
U.S. troops allotment to Canada, April 1942, 173-74
West Indies, July 1940, 142Military Police Battalions, U.S. 702d, 195
Military Railway Service, U.S. Army, 225-26
Military Representatives of the Associated Pacific Powers, 68
Millinocket, 283
Mingan, 188, 189, 190, 324, 325 n
Minister of Mines and Resources, Canadian, 235
Minister of National Defense, Canadian, 108, 258, 267
Minister of Transport, Canadian, 239
Ministry of Aircraft Production, British, 181
Miquelon (off Newfoundland), 14, 50
Miyako Island, 272
Moffat, Jay Pierrepont, 13-16, 18, 22-23, 24, 24n, 28, 60, 73-74, 135, 142-43, 158, 219
Momp (mid-ocean meeting place), 244, 245, 246
Monroe, James, 48
Monroe Doctrine, 2-3, 4n, 26n, 48, 153n
applicable to 20° west longitude, 155
Monte la Difensa, 266
and Iceland, 155-56, 155n
in relation to Greenland, 152Monte la Remetanea, 266
Montebello Conference, 337
Montreal, 39, 41, 181, 287, 288
Montreal Revise, 113-14
Montreal Subport of Embarkation, 133
Moose Factory, 186
Morgenthau, Henry, Jr., 15, 16, 60, 164, 322
Morgenthau-Ilsley agreement, 306, 322, 322n, 323
Mountbatten, Vice Admiral Lord Louis, 259, 260
Munitions, Canadian, 342
Canada third largest producer, 82, 341
expansion of industry, 6, 6n
to Newfoundland, 20, 162
shipments to U.S., World War I, 2
Munitions, U.S.
to Canada, 91-92, 94
Munitions, U.S.-Canadian
Canadian requests for, 15, 16, 31, 90-91, 92-94
heavy weapons for Canadian 13th Infantry Brigade, 257
loans to Canada, 93-94
purchase of, by Canada, 7
shipments to Canada, World War I, 1-2
to United Kingdom, 8, 90, 94complementary production programs, proposal of, 341-42
Munitions Assignments Board, U.S.-British, 63, 64, 82
production, 289-90, 291-92Munitions Assignments Committees, 82. See also Munitions Assignments Board, U.S.British.
Murray, Rear Adm. L. W., 17, 32, 37, 124, 243, 249
MUSKOX, 336-37
Mussolini Canal, 266
Mutual Aid program, Canadian, 295
Nagasaki, 284
Nagoya, 272
Namao, 208, 211, 316, 323, 324
Naples, 266
Narsarrssuak 154, 182
Nascopie, 151, 284
Nascopie expedition, 151 n
National Defense Headquarters, Ottawa, 253
National Research Council, Canadian, 260, 285, 287
Naval Air Transport Service, USN, 133, 216 17
Naval Air Transport Squadrons, West Coast, 303
Naval Coastal Frontier, North Atlantic, 111, 112, 127, 132
Naval Coastal Frontier, Pacific Northern, 107, 111, 112
Naval support groups, Canadian, 251
Naval support groups, U.K., 251
Navy, British. See Royal Navy.
Navy, Canadian. See Royal Canadian Navy.
Navy, U.S., 3, 48, 49, 96, 98, 123, 124-26, 173, 218, 244, 247, 248, 249, 250, 302-03
British convoy training, 242-43
Navy Department, U.S., 7, 10-11, 17, 29, 31, 34, 35, 38, 42, 46, 50, 56, 72, 73 74, 76, 90, 96, 105, 122, 127, 132, 135, 148, 163, 168, 244, 245, 292, 311, 328n, 343
build-up in Alaskan waters, 255-56
convoys. See Convoys.
Eastern Sea Frontier, command of antisubmarine air operations in, 247
escort forces. See Convoys; Task Force 4; Task Group 4.19.
liaison officers to South America, 11
neutrality patrol, 243, 244
patrol duties, 163
patrol of Hudson Bay, proposal of, 196
ships withdrawn from North Atlantic escort, 125, 245
training vessels on Great Lakes, 279
troop escorts, 246, 248-49Netherlands, 58-59, 67, 68, 70, 142, 143n, 293
Neutrality, U.S., 2, 9, 68-69, 161
Neutrality patrol, 243, 244
New England, 247
air units in, 126
New York, 39, 41
defense of, 174New York City, 151, 313
New Zealand, 67, 68, 72, 84, 281, 295
Newfoundland, 11, 50, 52, 53, 126-27, 133, 162-81, 243, 250, 258n, 304, 313, 317, 341, 344. See also Communication facilities; Pay; Plans, defense and war; Radar, stations; Railways; Roads; Troops, Canadian; U.S. Army Air Forces in Newfoundland; and underBases.
airway traffic control, 301-02, 305, 306
Newfoundland, Governor of, 166
aviation, postwar, 303
Canadian defense mission, 29-30, 170, 188 89
command problem, 30n, 74, 89, 97, 98, 101, 104, 111, 113, 116, 117, 118-19, 120, 133, 141
defense, 86, 87-88, 92-94, 95-96, 98n, 99, 105, 110, 111, 112, 114, 122, 125, 162, 164, 175-76, 180, 347-48, 350
economic rehabilitation of, 345
fuel storage, 352-53
German prisoners of war to, plan, 351
Protocol, Canadian, 98
Newfoundland a part of Canada for defense purposes, 62, 97
strategic importance to Canada, 19-20, 99. 180
union with Canada, 170n, 180-81, 345
union with U.S., discussion of, 180-81, 345
U.S. air forces to, 98, 172, 352Newfoundland Base Command, 98-99, 112, 116, 117-18, 119, 126-27, 132, 133, 159, 176-77, 180, 248, 301-02, 314
Newfoundland Base Contractors, 167
Newfoundland Escort Force, 122, 124, 125, 243, 244-46
Newfoundland Government, 21, 41n, 95, 118n, 119, 311
Air Bases Agreement with Canada, 170 n
Newfoundland Railway, 53, 175, 177-80, 353
Bay Bulls, 99-year lease to Canada, 170 n
Goose Bay, 99-year lease to Canada, 170, 189
and large American population, 169
and leased bases, 165, 167
and maintenance of roads, 178-79
and Newfoundland Railway, 177-78
Railway Loan Act, 178
request that Canada occupy St. Pierre, 158
Royal Commission, 19, 110Niagara, 165
Niagara River, 273
Nisutlin River bridge, 222
Noble Drilling Corporation, 233
Nome, 100, 202, 216, 253
Norman Wells, 214, 215, 228, 229, 231-33, 284, 331, 332, 333
Normandy, 241
North Africa, 109, 249, 266
North Atlantic Ferry Route Project Committee, 187
North Atlantic Naval Coastal Frontier, 111, 112, 127, 132
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 148
North Atlantic triangle, 59-68, 84, 85
North Pacific Force, USN, 255, 259
North West Purchasing, Limited, 136-37, 199
North West River, Labrador, 183. See also Bases, air, U.S., Goose Bay and North West River.
Northeast Airlines, 307, 310
Northeast Defense Command, 101, 111-12
Northern Indian Lake, 191
Northland, 152
Northwest Air Command, 305
Northwest Airlines, 237, 307, 308
ATC insignia and Army uniform, 309, 310
and friction with Canada, 307-11
militarization, 310
Northwest Highway System, 330. See also Alaska Highway.
Northwest Service Command, 132
Northwest Staging Route. See Air ferry routes; CRIMSON Project; Flight strips; Canadian; Flight strips, U.S.
Northwest Territories, 128, 137
Northwest Territories Council, Canadian, 136
Norway, 259-60, 262, 293
Nova Scotia, 174, 250
Nuclear research, 286-87
Nueltin Post, 191
Nuwata, 191
O'Connor, Col. James A., 128
OCTAGON Conference, 66, 268, 272
Office, Chief of Engineers, 45 n
Office of Scientific Research and Development, U.S., 260
Ogdensburg, 21n, 22, 24, 25, 26n, 27-28, 29, 31, 48, 69, 69n, 91
Ogdensburg Agreement, 27-29. See also Ogdensburg Declaration.
Ogdensburg Declaration, 22-26, 27-29, 30, 32, 47, 72, 88, 142, 160, 241, 306, 335, 343
Oil, royalties on Canol production, waiving of, 278. See also Aruba; Canol Project.
Oil fields
Canadian reserves, 233
Oil industry, Canadian, partial government ownership, 235
Dutch East Indies, 228
Mackenzie River, 228Oil pipelines, 224, 229, 230-31, 232, 233, 234n, 235, 331, 332, 333
Oil refineries, 228
Rumanian, 259
Oil well drilling, 232-33
Whitehorse, 228-29, 232, 233, 234, 235, 331, 332, 333Okinawa, assault on, 272
Old Crow, 215
Olds, Brig. Gen. Robert, 203, 308, 309
Ontario, 299, 307
Ontario, 272
Orders-in-council. See Legislation, Canadian.
Ordnance, testing center, 133
Ordnance Department, U.S. Army, 133
Oregon, 220 n
Ores. See Cryolite; Iron ore; Radium ore; Uranium.
Organizations, U.S., multitude of in Canada, 131-34, 343, 344
Ottawa, 39
Air Training Conference, 283
Churchill speech on Free French, 160
leased lands, transfer of, discussion on, 211
maintenance and control of facilities, talks on, 304
Munitions Assignments Committee, meetings of, 82
North Atlantic route, fields needed, talks on, 183
Northwest and Low-level routes, PJBD talks on, 215
Ottawa--Continued
Northwest Staging Route, AAF-RCAF talks on, 203-0 4, 309
Oumansky, Constantine, 216
Northwest Staging Route, construction, talks on, 207-0 8
PJBD meetings, 33, 40
U.S. organizations in Canada, delineation of, 136, 139
Pacific, air defense, 252
Pacific Fleet, USN, 112, 125, 255
Pacific Northern Naval Coastal Frontier, 107, 111, 112
Pacific Theater of Operations, 318
Pacific War Council, in London, 66-67
Pacific War Council, in Washington, 67
Padloping Island (CRYSTAL III), 130, 131, 184, 187, 191
Page, Maj. Gen. L. F., 117-18, 119, 120
Pan American Airlines, 133
Pan American defense. See American Republics, defense.
Pan American Union, 153
Canadian interest, basis for, 143, 144n, 148, 149
Panama, 144
and Canadian membership, 26n, 143-49
U.S. opposition to Canadian membership, 143-48Panama Canal, 7, 87, 94, 193
Parachute Battalions, Canadian 1st, 265, 267, 281
Parachutists, Canadian, 267. See also First Special Service Force, Canadian replacements, problem of; Parachute Battalions, Canadian 1st.
Parliament, British, 164, 298
Parliament, Canadian, 5, 23, 24, 28n, 44, 220-21, 274, 299-300, 303-04
Parliament, Icelandic, 157
Passengers, fare-paying. See also Air Transport Command, U.S.; Northwest Airlines.
agreement on, 312-13
Canadian opposition to, 309, 311, 312, 313
Patricia Bay, 253
Patrols. See Air patrol; Submarines, antisubmarine air operations.
Patterson, R. P., 80
Pay
overseas increment, U.S., 263
Peace River, 231
Pacific campaign bonus, Canadian, 270
U.S. and Canadian, First Special Service Force, 263
for U.S. and Canadian laborers, 207
U.S. dollars for Canadian troops in Alaska, 277Peace River bridge, 222
Pearkes, Maj. Gen. G. R., 256
Pearl Harbor, 58, 71n, 75, 107, 109, 120, 126, 241, 242, 245, 259
state of U.S.-Canadian readiness, 52-53
Pearson, Lester B., 63Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company, 151
Perkins, Milo, 80
Permanent Joint Board on Defense, 21n, 22n, 25-27, 28, 29-30, 31-54, 55, 58, 61, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76-78, 86-90, 91, 96, 98, 101-0 2, 103, 104, 106-07, 112, 113 14, 115-16, 118, 119-20, 120-21, 125, 135, 136, 137, 140, 148, 172, 175, 207, 215, 218, 219, 224, 226-27, 228, 230, 239, 241, 252, 256-57, 274-75, 280, 297, 302, 307, 311, 319, 325, 331, 334 36, 337. See also Military Co-operation Committee: Military planning, U.S.Canadian.
areas not discussed, 50, 142, 154n, 155
bases, construction and operation, 49-50, 52, 139
British as members, 146
civilian chairmen, 38, 342
command problem, 110-11
co-ordination between U.S. and Canadian organizations, 343
and CRIMSON Project, 185-86
defense projects, not offense, 50-51
as executive agency, 34, 45, 45n, 343
geographical limits, 23, 24, 26, 46, 48-49, 50, 87, 105, 111, 142
interior air defense, 193-98
meetings of, 39
membership of, 36-37
Newfoundland air bases, construction by Canada, 171-72
no solution to command problem, 114
offices of, 38
as operating agency, 45, 51
operational planning, 52, 103-0 4
procedures of, 41, 90
radar facilities, Newfoundland, 176
recommendations, 33, 34, 42-44, 42n, 43n, 45, 46, 49, 51, 52-53, 54, 86, 90, 95, 99, 100, 109, 117, 125n, 128, 130, 138, 171, 174, 178-79, 183, 186, 187, 188, 190, 193-94, 195, 196n, 201-0 2, 208-0 9, 217 18, 219, 220-21, 240, 282, 304, 306, 310, 313-16, 320, 325-26, 327, 329, 330, 332, 333, 337-38, 347-75
Report, First, 43, 43n, 44, 48, 48n, 49, 50, 52, 88n, 90, 97, 100-101, 106, 171, 172 73, 174, 201, 366-69
Permanent Joint Board on Defense--Con.
Report, Second, 43n, 113, 115
Petroleum Administrator for War, U.S., 234
reports unpublished, 44
responsibilities of, 46-48, 50-51
St. Pierre and Miquelon, discussion of, 158-59
standardization of U.S., British Commonwealth forces, 335
standardization of U.S., Canadian forces, proposal, 334-35
transfer of bases to Canada, 189
war industry members, proposal, 352Petroleum Coordinator for War, U.S., 230
Philippine Commonwealth, 67, 272
Pilots
transfer of, from RCAF to AAF, 276
Pine Camp, New York, 22
world-wide training requirements, 51Pine Lake, 206, 207
Placentia Bay, 166, 174
Plans, defense and war
ABC-1 (Joint Basic War Plan, U.S.-British), 46, 49, 57, 58, 58n, 65, 72-73, 101-0 4, 104n, 105, 106, 112, 114, 122, 149n
PLOUGH, 259-60. See also First Special Service Force.
British responsibility for east Greenland defense, 153n
ABC-2 (Joint Basic War Plan, U.S.-British), 104n
British responsibility for Iceland defense, 155-56
U.S. protection of shipping, western Atlantic, 243
ABC-22 (Joint Canadian-U.S. Basic Defense Plan 2), 46, 48, 52, 57n, 65, 72n, 73, 74, 89, 101-0 2, 103-0 8, 114, 115, 116, 117, 120, 122, 126, 178, 198, 280, 335, 336
ABC (Pacific)-22, 107
ADB (U.S.-Dutch-British plan for Far East operations), 103
International Joint Defense Plan for Juan de Fuca Strait and Puget Sound, 106-0 7
Joint Basic Defense Plan--1940, U.S.Canadian, 48, 86-90, 100, 101, 105, 111, 115, 116, 201, 280, 350
Joint Basic Defense Plans 1 and 2, 1941, U.S.-Canadian, 89, 101-02, 103-04, 105, 112-15
Joint Defense Plan, Newfoundland, 117, 119
RAINBOW 1, 11-12
RAINBOW 4, 10, 13
RAINBOW 5, 106, 108
security plan, 338
WPL-50 (Navy Hemisphere Defense Plan 3), 122
WPL-51 (Navy Hemisphere Defense Plan 4), 122-24
WPL-52 (Navy Hemisphere Defense Plan 5), 123, 124Poland, 5, 68, 293
POLAR BEAR, 281
Pon Lake, 206, 207
Pope, Maj. Gen. Maurice, 36, 74n, 75, 108, 256
Port Edward staging area, 240, 327, 332
Ports. See individual ports by name.
Ports of Embarkation. See Boston Port of Embarkation; Hampton Roads Port of Embarkation; Prince Rupert Subport of Embarkation; Quebec Subport of Embarkation; San Francisco Port of Embarkation; Seattle Port of Embarkation.
Portugal, 251
Potsdam conference, 66n
Power, C. G., 14, 24n, 30
President, U.S., 336. See also Roosevelt, Franklin D.; Roosevelt and Churchill; Roosevelt and King.
President's emergency fund, 154, 178, 219
Presque Isle, 131, 188, 191-92, 247
Prestwick, 181
Prime Minister, Canadian, 120, 336. See also King, W. L. Mackenzie; Roosevelt and King.
Prince Baudouin, 267n
Prince David, 256
Prince Edward Island Highlanders, 99
Prince George, British Columbia, 202, 213, 227, 305, 323, 324
Prince George, 222n
Prince Henry, 256 267n
Prince Robert, 256, 272
Prince Rupert, 133, 202, 222n, 252-53, 328, 331-32. See also Harbor defenses; Prince Rupert Subport of Embarkation.
Prince Rupert, 222n
Prince Rupert defenses, Canadian, 252
Prince Rupert Subport of Embarkation, 222n, 230, 234n, 238-40, 318-19, 327, 332
Prince of Wales, 123
Princess Charlotte, 222n
Princess Louise, 277
Princess Norah, 222n
Prisoners of war, Germans, 351
Privy Council, Canadian, 28, 37-38, 135-36, 137, 137n
Prizes of war, disposal of, 278
Proclamations, presidential
jurisdictional law, application to Canada and U.K., 301
Procurement regulations, U.S., 137
limited national emergency, 6Production. See Industry; Munitions; War Production.
Program of Immediate Canadian Action, 18, 18n
Prohibited areas. See Prohibited flying zones.
Prohibited flying zones, 195, 307
Northwest Staging Route, 305n
Prophet River, 206, 207
within 100 miles of Sault Sainte Marie locks, 197"Protected places," U.S. premises in Canada, 284
Protocol, Canadian, 98
Proximity fuze, 286
Public Health Service, U.S., 169
Public opinion, Canadian, 296, 298, 299, 301, 334-35. See also U.S.-Canadian relations, areas of co-operation.
little co-operation with U.S., no antagonism toward USSR, 337
Public opinion, U.S. See also U.S.-Canadian relations, areas of co-operation.
and Pan American Union, 147on defense of Canada, 25
Public Roads Administration, U.S., 127-28, 132, 206, 227
on involvement in war, 25, 26, 55
on Permanent Joint Board on Defense, 25Puget Sound, 93, 106-0 7, 281.
Pursuit Squadrons, U.S. llth, 202-03
Purvis, Arthur B., 60
QUADRANT Conference, 66, 82, 288
Quartermaster Market Center, 133
Quebec (City), 39, 305
Quebec (Province), 30n, 130, 299
Quebec conferences. See Conferences.
Quebec Subport of Embarkation, 133
Quidi Vidi. See Fort Pepperrell.
Radar
airborne, 286
Radio
ASVG (air-to-surface-vessel, Canadian), 286
British advanced developments to U.S., 285
equipment, Canadian, 94, 177
equipment, U.S., 71, 286
microwave, 285, 286
stations, 52, 71, 94, 175-77, 179, 180, 188n, 196, 197-98proximity fuze, 286
Radium ore, 287
stations, St. Pierre, 158, 159
U.S. military broadcasting stations in Canada, 277Railway guns, 91, 93, 94
Railways. See also Canadian National Railways; Canadian Pacific Railway Company; Newfoundland Railway; White Pass and Yukon Route Railway.
northern Canada, 187, 222, 225, 231, 232, 284
RAINBOW 1, 11-12
sale of railheads and depots to Canada, 327, 328
U.S. to Alaska, proposed, 228RAINBOW 4, 10, 13
RAINBOW 5, 106, 108
Ralston, J. L., 14, 94
Rand, I. C., 299
Rat River, 191
Raw materials, equal U.S.-Canadian allocations, 291
RDX, research on, 286
RDX Committee, 286
Real estate, 126, 134
Canada to acquire land needed by U.S., 211, 304n
Reconnaissance Squadrons, Canadian No. 8, 253
Canada to take over titles and leases, 210 11, 304nReconnaissance Squadrons, U.S.
21st, 98, 183
Reconstruction Finance Corporation, 43n, 178
41st, 98Regina, 186, 324
Reid, Capt. H. E., 37
Replacements, 267
Canadian policy of nonreinforcement in the theater, 265
Repulse Bay, 191
U.S., 265, 267Research and development, U.S. See Atomic energy research, U.S.-Canadian; Radar; Radio, proximity fuze; RDX, research on.
Research and development, U.S.-British, 285 89
Restigouche, 123n
Restricted zones. See Central Air Defense Zone, U.S.; Controlled areas, railroad, The Pas to Churchill; Prohibited flying zones; "Protected places."
Reykjavik, 157, 182
Rhine River, 241
Richard Peck, 168
Richardson Highway, 222, 225
Richmond Gulf, 186
Rio de Janeiro, 144-46, 160
Riviera, 267
Roads. See also Alaska Highway; Alcan Highway; Glenn Highway; Richardson Highway; Winter roads.
Canadian, south of Alaska Highway, poor quality, 222
Robins, Maj. Gen. Thomas M., 139, 209
Canol Project, 227
Newfoundland, 53, 175, 177, 178, 179, 355Rocky Mountain Range, 217
Rocky Mountain Rangers, 257
Rome, 266
Roosevelt, Capt. Elliott, 183, 184
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 7, 8, 10-13, 14, 15, 16, 21, 22, 23, 26, 29, 31n, 32-33, 34, 38, 41-42, 43n, 46-47, 50, 56, 59, 59n, 63, 64, 65, 65n, 66-67, 68, 69, 70, 71n, 82, 90, 96, 105, 108, 114, 120, 144, 150, 152, 156-57, 163, 166, 171, 178, 182, 185n, 194, 209, 216, 218, 219, 221, 222, 228, 268, 275, 283, 288n, 289, 301, 312, 336. See also Roosevelt and Churchill; Roosevelt and King.
Americans in Canadian forces, no loss of citizenship, 274
Roosevelt and Churchill, 55, 63, 75, 83, 84, 98, 123, 126, 242, 244 248, 288
arms supply policy for American Republics, 12
Chautauqua pledge of defense assistance, 3
destroyers-for-bases plan, 19, 164-65
and Free French on St. Pierre, 159, 160
Hyde Park Declaration, 79-80, 291, 292, 341, 342, 345, 373
Iceland not in Western Hemisphere, 157n
Kingston pledge of defense solidarity, 3-4, 24, 26n, 28
"shoot on sight" warning to Germany and Italy, 244
no troops to Iceland without invitation, 157
unlimited national emergency, declaration of, 58, 243
at Victoria, British Columbia, 3ARCADIA Conference 59
Roosevelt and King, 22, 22n, 24, 25-28, 30, 31, 35, 44, 46, 48, 49, 62, 78, 79, 82, 145, 158, 160, 282, 291, 343
Atlantic Conference, 62
OCTAGON Conference, 66
QUADRANT Conference, 66
TRIDENT Conference. 66Atlantic coastal defense talks, 4
Royal Air Force, 241, 248, 249, 301, 302
Ogdensburg Declaration, 22-24
Ogdensburg meeting, 91
Pacific staff discussions, 3
staff talks, request for, 21-22, 21n
at Warm Springs, 4, 7
Washington talks, 4Ferry Command, 181
Royal Canadian Air Force, 5, 6, 17, 32, 34, 35, 51, 91, 98, 105, 110, 117, 118, 166, 171-73, 176, 177, 183, 188-89, 195, 198, 201, 207, 217, 241-42, 241n, 247, 255, 275, 276, 281, 283, 284, 309. See also Air forces, Canadian.
VLR aircraft for RCAF, 249nantisubmarine squadrons, 251
Royal Canadian Artillery, 24 th Field Regiment, 257
casualties, Aleutians, 259
Eastern Air Command, 99, 112, 125, 249
ground support, AAF, 254
inability to purchase aircraft, 271
Newfoundland air traffic, RCAF desire to control, 301-02
Northwest Air Command, 305
NO. 1 Group, Newfoundland, 98n, 116, 125
offer to operate with AAF in Pacific, 270-71
operation with RAF in Pacific, 271, 271n
Ottawa meetings, 203
personnel in Alaska, distinguished foreign visitors, 254
planes and pilots to England, 10
Regulations for Control of Aircraft Movement, 305
request for Flying Fortresses for Bismarck attack, 243n
Special Reserve for Americans and others, 274n
squadrons, withdrawal from Alaska, 255
squadrons in Alaska, 252-55
squadrons in Burma and Ceylon, V-J Day, 271
Tiger Force, proposed, 271
U.S. construction of facilities for, 306
VLR aircraft, 249, 250
Western Air Command, 107, 112, 252, 302n, 303, 307
"X" Wing Headquarters, Fort Richardson, Alaska, 254Royal Canadian Corps of Signals, 238
Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 158, 198
Royal Canadian Naval Air Service, 2
Royal Canadian Navy, 5, 32, 34, 35, 110, 123, 124, 126, 165, 170n, 184n, 242, 243, 245-46, 248, 250, 272, 283. See also Newfoundland Escort Force; Western Local Escort Force.
Atlantic Coast Command, 99, 111-12, 245
Royal Flying Corps, 1
Atlantic Command, 20 convoy escort, 244 engagements in Japanese war, 271-72 growth of, 251
Naval Staff Headquarters, 245
Newfoundland Command, 123-24, 244, 245
Newfoundland Force, 111, 116
Northwest Atlantic Command, 249
Pacific Coast Command, 107, 112
Pacific coast facilities at disposal of U.S. Navy, 255
proposals for Pacific force, 272
vessels in alaskan build-up, 255-56Royal Navy, 122, 150-51, 165, 242, 245, 248
Royal Navy escort group, 244
Royal Regiment of Canada, 156
Ruble, Capt. R. W., 36
Rush-Bagot Agreement, 1, 278-80
Russia. See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Sabotage raids, 259, 262
St. Clair, 165
St. Croix, 165
St. Francis, 105
St. Georges Bay, 174
St. John's, 30, 39, 41, 119, 124, 127, 174 75, 179, 243, 247, 305. See also Bases, Army, U.S.; Bases, naval, Canadian; Bases, naval, U.S.; Harbor defenses.
Local Joint Defense Committee, 117-18
St. Lawrence River, 23, 174n, 273
U.S. Army Supply Dock, 167St. Lawrence Valley, 2
Saint Marys River, 193, 194
St. Pierre, 14, 50
Hull, on Free French seizure, 159
St. Pierre an Miquelon, 146, 158-60, 161
plebiscite for Free French, 159San Francisco, 39, 41
San Francisco Port of Embarkation, 238, 258, 266
Sandy Lake, 191
Santa Barbara, California, 121
Saskatchewan, 281
Saudi Arabia, 293
Sault Sainte Marie, 352 defense of, 193-98, 357
Scientists, British. See British Scientific Mission.
Sea Frontier, Northwest, 302n, 303
Sea Island, British Columbia, 253
Seattle Port of Embarkation. 222 n. 238-39. 240
Second Quebec Conference, 66, 268, 272
Secretary of the Interior, 218
Secretary of the Navy, U.S., 46, 58, 74, 105, 106, 114, 156, 218, 228. See also Knox, Frank.
Secretary of State, 271. See also Hull, Cordell.
Secretary of War, U.S., 46, 58, 74, 92, 105, 106, 114, 154, 156, 171, 218, 228, 271. See also Stimson, Henry L.
Security of Communications Committee, U.S.-Canadian, 139
Security measures, U.S.-Canadian
evacuation of Japanese from Canadian Railway line, 284
Senate, Special Committee of, to Investigate the National Defense Program, 52, 233 34, 235, 322 n
evacuation of Japanese from west coast, 284
restricted zone, railroad, The Pas to Churchill, 284Senate, U.S., 29, 274
purchase of Greenland, consideration of, 149
Service attachés, 51, 71-73, 76, 135, 271, 336Service Commands
Northwest, 128, 136, 212, 224, 236, 237, 240, 318
Sixth, 130, 132Services of Supply, U.S., 127, 128, 228
Seven Islands (Sept Isles), 188
Seward, 225
SEXTANT-EUREKA Conference, 66 n
Sheils, G. K., 80
Shelburne, 49, 92, 123
Sherman, Commander Forrest P., 32, 36
Sherridon, 191
Shipbuilding
on Great Lakes, 279
Shipping. See also Transportation facilities. civilian and defense, requirements for, 79 equal U.S.-Canadian allocations, 291
Canadian, 249, 295
U.S.-Canadian, 290Shipyards, Atlantic, Canadian, 279
Shoal Harbor, 180
Siberia, 48, 204, 216
Sicily, 241, 257 n
Signal Aircraft Warning Reporting Companies, U.S. 671st, 196 n
Signal equipment, shortage of, 306
Signal Service Battalions, U.S. 843d, 236
Sikanni Chief River, 206, 207
Singapore, 55, 103 n
Sitka, 100
Skagway, 128, 222n, 225, 226, 230, 232, 234n, 235, 237, 331, 332, 333
Skelton, Alexander, 18 n
Skelton, D. A., 78
Ski troops. See First Special Service Force.
Sloops, British, 243
Smith, Maj. Gen. J.P., 36
Smith River, 208, 210, 324
Smithers, 202, 252
Somerset Island, 284
Somervell, Lt. Gen. Brehon B., 228
Søndre Strømfjord, 154n, 182
South America, 26, 48, 142
South Greenland Survey Expedition, 154
Southampton Island. See Bases, air, U.S.,
Southampton Island.
Southwest Pacific, 63
Sovereignty, Canadian, 140-41
and U.S. forces in Canada, 296
Special Commissioner for Defense Projects, 137-41, 224, 344
and U.S. planes on Canadian airways, 301
Squanga Lake, 206, 207
Staff organization
differences in U.S. and Canadian units, 258
Staging area, Port Edward, 240, 327, 332
U.S. Army type for Canadian Army Pacific Force, 269, 270
U.S. Army type for Canadian brigade, 257
Staging fields, 185. See also Air ferry routes, North Atlantic; Air ferry routes, Northwest Staging Route; CRIMSON Project; Fort Nelson; Fort St. John; Prestwick; and under Bases.
Staging routes. See Air ferry routes; CRIMSON Project; Northwest Staging Route.
Stalin, Joseph V., 216
Standard Oil Company, Whitehorse, 327
Standard Oil Company of California, 229
Stanley, 191
Stark, Admiral Harold R., 10, 11, 14, 15-16, 56, 59, 59n, 156
Stedman, Air Commodore E. W., 285
Stefansson, Vilhjalmur, 218
Stephenville, 180. See also Bases, air, U.S., Harmon Field.
Stettinius, Edward R., Jr., 80
Stevenson, Air Vice Marshal L. F., 270-71
Stewart, J. S., 135
Stimson, Henry L., 23, 24, 32, 94, 164, 216, 243, 288. See also Secretary of War, U.S.
Stinebower, L. D., 78
Strong, Brig. Gen. George V., 17
Stuart, Lt. Gen. Kenneth, 17, 30n, 32, 37, 106-7, 253, 260, 265, 285
Submarine warfare, 341
Submarines. See also Joint Task One.
antisubmarine air operations, 247-48, 249 51, 361. See also Aircraft carriers.
Suez Canal, 193
Canadian command of, 251
antisubmarine equipment, 250
co-ordinated plan, 247
and USN command problem, 118
antisubmarine operations, 2, 98, 126, 173, 174, 242-47, 248-49 in 1940 plan, 87
antisubmarine trawlers, Canadian loan to U.S., 246
French, Surcouf, to St. Pierre, 159
German
Hudson Bay, threat of entry, 194, 196
Japanese
losses to, in Atlantic, 158, 174, 175, 197, 242, 243, 246, 247, 248, 280
losses to, Conception Bay, 175
losses to, in St. Lawrence River, 174 n
reconnaissance of Newfoundland bays, 174
St. John's harbor, mining of approaches, 175
shelling of Caribbean oil facilities, 228
shifted from North American coastal waters, 250
warfare in western Atlantic, 247
wolf-pack technique, 242
in Aleutians, 254
shelling of west coast, 121, 121 n
reduction of menace, 317
tanker losses to, 228
Superintendent of Airways, Canadian, 201
Supplies, 137
acquisition of, in Canada, 136-37
Supply Committee, U.S.-Canadian, 139
in Canada. See North West Purchasing, Limited; War Supplies, Limited.
Supreme Court, Canadian, opinion on jurisdiction, 299-300
Supreme war council, proposal of, 59
Surcouf, 159
Surplus property
in Canada, disposition of, 44, 317, 319-20, 326-29, 326n, 333, 358-59, 364-65
in U.S., purchase of by Canada, 329
Sydney, Australia, 272
Sydney, Nova Scotia, 2, 49, 245, 247
Sykes, Howard, 79
SYMBOL (Casablanca) Conference, 66n, 248
Tanana, 230
Tanks, 92, 281 production totals, U.S.-Canadian, 290
Taschereau, Robert, 299
Task Force 1, USN, 123, 124. See also Atlantic Fleet.
Task Force 4, USN-RCN-RN, 116, 124, 125
Task Force 24, 248
Task Force 57, RN, 272
Task Force 2600, 127, 231
Task Force Tare, 255-56
Task Group 4.11. See Newfoundland Escort Force.
Task Group 4.19, USN-RCN, 125, 244, 245
Task Unit 16.1.1, AAF-RCAF, 254, 255
Tavani, 191
Taxes, Canadian
American personnel, 134
Taxes, Newfoundland, 169
reimbursement of, 278
Taxes, U.S., 278
TERMINAL Conference, 66n
Tests, cold weather, Camp Shilo, 281
The Pas. See Bases, air, U.S.
Theobald, Rear Adm. Robert, 255-56
Thicket, 191
Thomas, Capt. F. P., 36
Tizard, Sir Henry, 285
Tizard Mission, 285, 286
TNT, 286
Tok road, 225
Torbay, 170n, 172, 173, 184, 247
Toronto, joint conference on Military Area, 197
Toronto Group, 286
Trade, Canadian
with Latin America, 143, 148, 161
Training. See also Air Observers School, Canadian; British Commonwealth Air Training Plan; Pilots, world-wide training requirements; U.S.-Canadian relations, areas of co-operation.
agreements with Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, 144
air, in Canada, for U.S. personnel, proposal of, 42n, 281-83, 343, 356
Transfers
assistance, request for by Canada, 13
British air crews, in U.S., 282
Canadian personnel in U.S. Army schools, 281
cold weather, ESKIMO, POLAR BEAR, LEMMING exercises, 281
naval, on Great Lakes, 279, 280
parachute, for Canadian personnel, Fort Benning, 281
RCAF, at Bellingham, 283
RCAF officers at U.S. airway traffic control school, 305
specialized for First Special Service Force, 261-62
of Americans from Canadian to U.S. forces, 274-76, 282
Transportation Committee, U.S.-Canadian, 139
of Canadians from U.S. to Canadian forces, 276
Transportation Corps Regulating Station, Edmonton, 133
Transportation facilities, 86, 186, 189, 191n, 193. See also Air Transport Command; Alaska Highway; CRIMSON Project; Northwest Staging Route; Railways; Roads; Water routes; White Projects.
air, to Alaska, 219
Treasury Board, Canadian, 278
Canada, 350
Canadian, U.S. improvement of, 345
Great Lakes, load-line regulations, 273
Maritimes, 349-50
Newfoundland, 177-79, 349-50
to northern air bases, 187
northern Canada, improvements by U.S., 333-34
ore carriers, Canadian, in U.S. domestic shipping, 274
river routes, 202
shipping to Alaska, 239
U.S. Army truck fleet, Alaska Highway, 223-24
water, to Alaska, 219
water route, Waterways to Norman Wells, 214, 231
winter roads, 202
winter roads, Peace River-Fort Providence, 214
winter roads, Peace River-Norman Wells, 214, 231, 232
Treasury Department, U.S., 292
Treaties
Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway, rejection of, 274
Treaty of Ghent, 1
U.S.-Great Britain, on boundary with Canada, 27
Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, 48
Treaty Series, Canadian, 29
TRIDENT Conference, 66
Trinidad, 97n
Troops, Australian, 270
Troops, British, 50, 270
Aruba, 142
Troops, Canadian, 47
Iceland, 155
relieved in Iceland, 157, 157n
Aleutian campaign, 257
Troops, India, 270
Bahamas, 149n
Bermuda, 149n
British Guiana, 149n
British West Indies, 9
Caribbean, 143
England, 156n
Fort Benning, 281
Goose Bay, 188
Great Britain, 162
Hong Kong, capture by Japanese, 71n, 272n
Iceland, 9, 142, 156, 162
Iceland garrison transferred to British Isles, 157
Jamaica, 49, 142, 149n
Labrador, 149n
LEMMING exercise, 281
Maritime Provinces, 99, 162
Newfoundland, 9, 20, 20n, 95, 98-99, 149n, 166, 170, 173, 175
west coast, 101
Troops, Netherlands, 63
Troops, New Zealand, 270
Troops, U.S. See also Air forces, U.S.
Alaska, 100-101, 199, 204, 277
Troopships
Argentia, 168
Aruba, 149n
Canada, 134, 199, 296-97, 317-18 withdrawal from, after V-J Day, 306
to Canada only if attack imminent, 16-17
Curaçao, 149n
Greenland, 154, 243
Iceland, 156-57, 243
mobile reserves to repel aggression, 162
Maritimes, 16-17
Newfoundland, 16-17, 93, 170, 173, 175, 296, 317-18
Canadian, 222n, 267n, 277
Truk, 272
U.S., 258
Truman, Harry S., 289
Truman Committee. See Senate, Special Committee of, to Investigate the National Defense Program.
Trusteeships. See Colonies, European, in Western Hemisphere.
Turkey, 293
Uganda, 272
Umnak, 254-55
Uniform, Army, for contract airline personnel, 309, 310
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 58-59, 205, 216, 244, 293, 294-95, 318, 337, 338-39
United Airlines, 133, 308
United Kingdom, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18 20, 21, 23, 24-25, 27, 48, 49, 55, 56 58, 60, 61-62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72, 77, 83-84, 85, 90, 94, 97, 99, 102, 103-0 4, 110, 112, 115, 123, 126, 130, 142, 146, 148, 149-50, 149n, 151, 153n, 155-57, 159, 162, 163, 164, 167, 171, 181, 182, 184, 186, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 248, 250, 260, 267, 275, 281, 282, 285, 287, 288, 292, 294-95, 298-99, 300, 329, 338, 339. See also Battle of Britain; Commander in Chief, Western Approaches.
Free French occupation of St. Pierre and Miquelon, suggestion of, 158
United Nations, 148, 337
government in exile, if Britain falls, 9
occupation of Iceland to prevent German use, 155
pressure on Canadians to occupy Greenland, 150
war leadership, 340
U.S. Army Air Forces in Newfoundland, 98, 125, 126, 172, 190, 247, 313
U.S. Army Construction Forces for the Alcan Highway, 127
U.S. Army Forces in Central Canada, 45n, 131
U.S. Army Forces in Eastern Canada, 131
U.S.-British agencies. See Anglo-American Food Committee; Combined Chiefs of Staff, U.S.-British; Combined Civil Affairs Committee; Combined Communications Board; Combined Food Board, U.S.-British; Combined Meteorological Committee; Combined Policy Committee (atomic research); Combined Production and Resources Board, U.S.British; Combined Raw Materials Board, U.S.-British; Combined Shipping Adjustment Board, U.S.-British; Munitions Assignments Board, U.S.-British.
U.S.-Canadian agencies. See Alaskan International Highway Commission; Board of Inquiry for the Great Lakes Fisheries,
U.S.-Canadian agencies--Continued
U.S.-Canadian; Canadian Air Traffic Regulations Subcommittee; Communications Committee, U.S.-Canadian; Construction and Engineering Committee, U.S.-Canadian; Flying Control Committee, U.S.-Canadian; International Fisheries Commission, U.S.-Canadian; International Joint Commission, U.S.Canadian; International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission; JAN-CAN Committee, U.S.-Canadian; Joint Agricultural Committee, U.S.-Canadian; Joint Defense Production Committee, U.S.Canadian; Joint Economics Committee, U.S. and Canadian; Joint Travel Control Board, U.S.-Canadian; Joint War Aid Committee, U.S. and Canadian; Joint War Production Committee, U.S.Canadian; Material Coordinating Committee, U.S. and Canada; Military Cooperation Committee, U.S.-Canadian; Permanent Joint Board on Defense; Security of Communications Committee, U.S.-Canadian; Special Commissioner for Defense Projects; Supply Committee, U.S.-Canadian; Transportation Committee, U.S.-Canadian; Weather Committee, U.S.-Canadian.U.S.-Canadian relations, See U.S.-Canadian relations, areas of co-operation; U.S.Canadian relations, areas of Canadian discontent; U.S.-Canadian relations, areas of U.S. discontent; Public opinion, Canadian; Public opinion, U.S.
U.S.-Canadian relations, areas of Canadian discontent. See also U.S.-Canadian relations, areas of co-operation; U.S.Canadian relations, areas of U.S. discontent
AAF offer of outmoded bombers for use in Pacific, 271
U.S.-Canadian relations, areas of co-operation, 24-25, 319-20. See also Military planning, U.S.-Canadian; Permanent Joint Board on Defense; Plans, defense and war; U.S.-Canadian relations, areas of Canadian discontent; U.S.-Canadian relations, areas of U.S. discontent; and projects by name.
ABC-1 report, 57 America attitude on Canada, 340
attitude on Canadian independence, 68 70, 335, 339, 341
British-American staff liaison in London, 20-21
control over contract airlines, 308-10
construction sites, 200, 296
failure to consult, 85
inadequacy of voice in Commonwealth strategy, 5n
leased-bases agreement on Newfoundland, 62
military mission to Washington, 72-76, 104, 120, 342
Pacific problems, 70-71, 160
reference to First Special Service Force as a U.S. unit, 261
representation on Combined Food Board, 83, 84
representation in war councils, 57, 59-60, 62-64, 68, 73-74, 84-85, 102, 339
Rio de Janeiro meeting, 160
Roosevelt-Churchill meeting off Newfoundland, 62
Secretary Hull's reference to "so-called" Free French, 160
unity of command, 342
U.S. postwar advantage, 340
U.S. troops and civilians on Canadian soil, 340
aerial mapping of northern Canada, 284
aerial torpedo range in Puget Sound, 281 air training in Canada for U.S. personnel, proposal, 281-83
apprehension of AWOL's and deserters, 277
on the battlefield, 241-42
cold-weather exercises ESKIMO, POLAR BEAR, LEMMING, 281
cold-weather tests, U.S., at Camp Shilo, 281
compulsory military training for nondeclarant males, 276
construction of facilities, 344
dental and medical services, 277
enlistments and transfers in Armed Forces, 274
exchange of intelligence, 280-81
hospital facilities, 277
Lake of St. Francis, 273
Lend-Lease, 293-94
mail service, 277
MUSKOX exercise, 336-37
Niagara River, 273
parachute training at Fort Benning, 281
payment of Canadian troops in U.S. dollars, 277
prizes of war, 278
rescue of Hudson Bay Company personnel, Fort Ross, 284
research and development, 273, 284-89
Rush-Bagot Agreement, 278-80
security measures, 283-84
settlement of claims, 277-78
shipping facilities on Great Lakes, 273
troopships, Canadian, loan of, 222n, 277
U.S.-Canadian relations, etc.--Continued
U.S. military broadcasting stations in Canada, 277
U.S.-Canadian relations, areas of U.S. discontent. See also U.S.-Canadian relations, areas of co-operation; U.S.Canadian relations, areas of Canadian discontent.
use of air and naval facilities, 283
waiving of Canadian duties, taxes, royalties, 278
before World War II, 1-3, 296
air defense, Gander Airport, 117
U.S. urgency versus Canadian study of postwar effects, 71, 235, 340
airway control and operation, 238
authority and interservice discord in Newfoundland, 118
changes in design specifications for staging fields, 212
communications in Newfoundland, 118
control of U.S. air bases and traffic in Canada, 304, 306
construction sites, 200, 296
delays on Northwest Staging Route fields, 205, 207, 209
inadequate labor force and refusal to permit use of Engineer troops, 205
limited use of proposed Canadian Army Pacific Force 268
local defense, necessity of agreement among commanders, 117
Newfoundland air facilities, 96-97, 171
proposed tax on surplus property used in the war, 327
radar installation in Canada, 71
reassignments to obtain seniority, 117-18
refusal of U.S. servicing detachment at Torbay, 173
repeated failure to meet delivery schedules, 292-93
reversal to Canadian construction on Staging Route, 212, 304
RCAF desire to control air traffic in Newfoundland, 302
RCAF use of U.S. buildings, Gander Airport, 172
unity of command, 74, 89, 90, 98, 104, 121-22
U.S. Department of State. See Department of State, U.S.
U.S. Joint Board. See Joint Board, U.S.
University of Chicago, 287
Unlimited national emergency, U.S., 58
UNRRA, 295
Uranium, 287, 288
Urquhart, Mr., 135
Valdez, 222, 225
Vancouver, 39, 41, 238, 240, 305
Vancouver, 256
Vancouver Island, 122n, 257, 258
Vandenberg, Arthur, 29
Vanier, Lt. Col. George P., 35, 37
Venezuela, 48
Vessels
Canadian commercial, on Great Lakes, 274
Veterans Guard, 149n
military, on Great Lakes. See Rush-Bagot Agreement.
Mutual Aid program ships, Canadian title to, 294-95
U.S., passage through Canadian waters, 307, 310
U.S.-Canadian construction totals, 290
U.S., and Icelandic flag, 123
Vichy French Fleet, 158
Vichy Government, 158
Vickery, H. L., 80
Victoria, 39, 41, 201
Villeneuve-Loubet, 267
V-J Day, 317
Wager Bay, 191
Wagner, Capt. F. D., 36
Walsh, Air Vice Marshal G. V., 75n
Walwyn, Vice Adm., 166
War Assets Corporation, Limited, 326, 326n, 333
War Cabinet, British, 56
War debts, 2
War Department, U.S., 7, 10-11, 17, 29, 31, 34, 35, 38, 42, 42n, 43n, 45-46, 50, 56, 72-74, 76, 90, 92, 96, 104, 105, 107, 115-16, 118, 120, 127, 130-31, 132, 133 35, 148, 149, 152, 163, 169-70, 171, 182, 185, 187, 189, 194, 197, 204, 205, 206, 212, 213, 215, 217, 218, 219, 224, 226-31, 232, 234-35, 239, 240, 252, 253, 260, 266, 267, 268-70, 271, 278, 280, 282, 283, 292, 306, 311-12, 322n, 328, 328n, 343
War Department General Staff, 17, 35, 89, 111, 113-14, 136, 140
War of 1812, 1
War Food Administrator, U.S., 84
War Office, British, 156n
War Office, Canadian, 72n
War Plans Division, WDGS, 17, 52, 89, 103 0 4, 111, 115-16, 149n
War production. See also Industry, Canadian; Industry, U.S.-Canadian; Joint War Production Committee, U.S.-Canadian; Munitions, Canadian; Munitions, U.S.;
War production--Continued
Munitions, U.S.-Canadian; Roosevelt, Hyde Park Declaration.
amortization, on Canadian-owned facilities, 293
War Production Board, U.S., 260
distribution of, 295
Canadian, 295
U.S., 292-94
U.S. and Canadian, 339
U.S.-Canadian joint declaration on, 80-81
U.S.-Canadian totals, 289-91
War Shipping Administration, U.S., 292
War Supplies Limited, 83, 292
War Supply Board, Canadian, 60
Warm Springs, 4
Wartime Industries Board, Canadian, 79
Wartime Information Board, Canadian, 26n
Washington
Atlantic Convoy Conference, 125, 248-49
Washington State, 106, 220n
Canadian air traffic regulations, talks on, 304-05
Inter-American Defense Board, seat of, 145
meeting, Permanent Joint Board on Defense, 39, 40
Military Cooperation Committee meeting, 336
Newfoundland air traffic control, talks on, 301-02
staff talks, January-March 1941. See Military planning, U.S.-British.
staff talks, prewar, announcement of, 58
tripartite agreement on atomic energy, 289
Water route, Waterways to Norman Wells, 231, 331
Waterways, Alberta, 231-32
Watson Island, 240, 327
Watson Lake, 201, 202, 207, 208, 211, 212, 230, 232, 234n, 235, 323, 324, 331, 333
Watson-Watt, Robert, 94
Weapons, advanced, and Canadian privileged sanctuary position, 341
Weapons, atomic, 341
Weasel, 260, 262, 281
Weather, meteorological services, Canadian northwest, 236, 237-38, 309
Weather Committee, U.S.-Canadian, 139
Weather stations, U.S., 318, 327
Brochet, 191
Welland Canal, 279
Calgary, 338
Canada, 52, 70, 136, 141, 189, 190-91
Canadian hindrances to U.S. weather services, 190
Cape Harrison, 191n
Churchill, 191
Coral Harbour, 191
Duck Lake, 191
Edmonton, 238
Eskimo Point, 191
Fort Chimo, 184, 190, 191
Fort Nelson, 238
Fort St. John, 238
Foxe Basin, 191
Frobisher Bay, 184, 190, 191
Gander, Canadian forecasts for U.S. garrison, 190
Gillam, 191
Greenland, 149
Hebron, 191n
Hudson Bay Junction, 191
Indian House Lake, 191
Island Falls, 191
Lake Harbour, 191
Mecatina, 191
Newfoundland (Gander) Airport, 190
Padloping Island, 184, 190, 191
Prince George, 238
River Clyde, 191
Stillwater Lake, 191
The Pas, 191
Wabowden, 191
Watson Lake, 238
Whitehorse, 238
York Bay, 191
Welles, Sumner, 10, 11n, 14, 15, 21-22, 31, 145, 145n, 146, 163, 164
West Indies, 14-15, 142
Western Airlines, 133, 308
Western Defense Command. See Defense Commands, Western.
Western Hemisphere, 10, 11, 19, 23, 24, 26, 40, 46, 48, 49, 50-51, 142, 143, 153, 153n, 161, 163, 164, 271, 341. See also American Republics; Colonies, European, in Western Hemisphere; Military planning, U.S.; Monroe Doctrine; Permanent Joint Board on Defense, geographical limits.
and Iceland, 155-56, 157n
Western Labor Board, Canadian, 137, 199 200
U.S. convoys to 30° west, 123, 244
U.S. neutrality patrol to 26° west, 243
Western Local Escort Force, RCN-U.K., 125, 245-46, 247
Western Union Telegraph Company, 180
Westomp (western ocean meeting place), 244 246
Whitbourne, 180
White, Harry D., 78
White Hills. See Fort Pepperrell.
White Pass and Yukon Route Railway, 128, 225, 225n, 226, 230
U.S. lease of, 225-26
White Project, AAF, 192, 318Whitehorse, 127, 128, 135, 224, 226, 228-29, 230-31, 232, 235, 236, 237, 238, 305, 323, 324, 325, 330, 332. See also Bases, air, U.S., Whitehorse.
Whitney, Rear Adm. J. P., 36
Whittier, Alaska, 225
Wilson, J. A., 135, 205
Winant. John G., 156
Winnipeg, 45n, 131, 195
Winnipeg Grenadiers, 142, 257
Winter Outpost, Canada, 191
Winter roads, 202, 214, 231, 232
Woodbridge, 4
Woodring, Harry H., 149n
World War I, 1-2, 59
conscription, French-Canadian opposition to, 206n
World War II
U.S.-Canadian relationships, 2
cost, military, to Canada, 295
Worsham, Brig. Gen. Ludson B., 128, 139
cost, military, to U.S., 295
WPL-50 (Navy Hemisphere Defense Plan 3), 122
WPL-51 (Navy Hemisphere Defense Plan 4), 122-24
WPL-52 (Navy Hemisphere Defense Plan 5), 123, 124
Wrangell, 202
Wrigley, 215
Wyman, Col. Theodore, Jr., 128, 214
Yachts, for conversion, purchase of by Canada, 7
Yakutat, 100, 202, 253
Yarmouth, 23, 247
York Bay, 191
Yugoslavia, 293
Yukon River, Yukon-Alaska, 218, 225n, 227
Yukon Territory, 128, 137, 225n, 232
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