Contents

	Foreword		vii
	The Authors		viii
	Preface		ix
Chapter			Page
I.	The Problem of Hemisphere Defense		3
		Hemisphere Security and the Axis Threat	5
		The RAINBOW Plans	7
		The Problem of Bases	10
		The Army's State of Readiness in 1939	14
		Preparedness Measures, April-September 1939	19
		The Strategic Outlook, Autumn and Winter, 1939-40	25
II.	The Crisis of 1940		30
		The Defeat of France and Repercussions in America	31
		Decisions on National Policy	36
		Mobilization	41
		The Fate of European Possessions	44
		The Destroyer-Base Agreement	51
		American Military Preparations and the War Outlook, July-October 1940	62
III.	The Axis Threat		68
		The German Position, Summer 1940	68
		The Tripartite Pact and Japan	74
		The Gibraltar-Africa Project	76
IV.	The American Response: Military Policies and Plans, 1940-41		82
		Emergency Expeditionary Force Plans	83
		New Definitions of National Policy	88
		The New Outlook Toward the War	96
V.	The Atlantic Crisis of 1941		101
		Naval Plans and Preparations	103
		The Crisis of May 1941	110
		The Azores and Brazil	116
		The Crisis Resolved	121
VI.	From Nonbelligerency to War		130
		Operations in the North Atlantic	132
		The German Threat in the Southern Atlantic	135
		Military Policy and Army Readiness, Autumn 1941	143
		The Approach to War	149
VII.	The Shift Toward the Offensive		156
		The Reaction to Pearl Harbor	156
		Planning for the Offensive	161
		The ARCADIA Decisions	169
VIII.	General Military Relations with Latin America		172
		The Staff Conversations and Agreements of 1940	175
		Other Measures To Improve Military Relations	183
		Planning for the Support of Friendly Governments	186
		The Organization of Military Relationships, 1941-42	191
		Military Assistance to Latin America in 1942	200
IX.	The Supply of Arms to Latin America		207
		Law, Policy, and Procedure	208
		The Latin American Arms Program of 1941	217
		Airplanes for Latin America	225
		Special Problems During 1941	228
		Arms Supply After Pearl Harbor	232
X.	Air Defense Preparations in Latin America		238
		The Control of Civil Aviation	239
		The Airport Development Program	249
		Preparing for Air Operations	259
XI.	Military Relations With Brazil Before Pearl Harbor		265
		The Problem of Arms Supply	268
		War Plans and Staff Agreements, 1940	272
		The Mission of General Amaro Bittencourt	278
		The Security Force Plan, June 1941	284
		Joint Staff and General Headquarters Planning	289
		Munitions for Brazil in 1941	293
		The Army's Quest for Action	296
XII.	The Establishment of United States Army Forces in Brazil		303
		Emergency Airfield and Airway Security Measures	304
		Brazil Theater Planning	307
		The Approach to Collaboration	312
		The United States Army Forces South Atlantic	320
		Defense Planning and the Brazilian Expeditionary Force	327
XIII.	The United States and Mexico: Solidarity and Security		331
		Gathering Momentum	333
		The Joint Mexican-United States Defense Commission	338
		The Mexican Corridor	344
		The United States and the Security of Mexico	351
		Mexico and the Defense of California	356
XIV.	The United States and Canada: Copartners in Defense		364
		Rapprochement	365
		The Ogdensburg Meeting and Its Result	370
		The Functioning of the Permanent Joint Board on Defense	373
		Basic Problems of Responsibility and Command	377
		The Pre-Pearl Harbor Pattern of Joint Defense	383
XV.	The United States and Canada: Elements of Wartime Collaboration		390
		The Air and Land Routes to Alaska	391
		CRYSTAL and CRIMSON	399
		The Cost, Control, and Permanent Disposition of Facilities in Canada	403
		Completing the Machinery of Collaboration	406
		Preface to the Present	408
XVI.	Some Conclusions and Observations		410
Bibliographical Note			425
Glossary of Abbreviations
Glossary of CODE NAMES
Index			437