1. Bill Clinton and Al Gore, Putting People First, (New York, Times
Books, 1992) pp. 23-24.
Introduction
1. Data taken from the following sources: "The average
American...," Senator William Roth, vol. 138 no. 51, Cong. Rec.
(April 7, 1992), p. S1; "Five out of every six Americans...," CBS
News Poll, unpublished, May 27-30, 1992, released June 1, 1992;
"Only 20 percent...," an ABC News-Washington Post poll, taken April
23-26, 1993, asked: "How much of the time do you trust the
government in Washington to do what is right: Just about always,
most of the time, or only some of the time?" Four percent said
"just about always," 16 percent said "most of the time," 74 percent
said "only some of the time," and 6 percent volunteered "none of
the time;" 1963 figure, University of Michigan poll, cited in "From
Camelot to Clinton: A Statistical Portrait of the United States,"
Washington Post (August 23, 1993), p. A15.
2. U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO), High-Risk Series: Defense
Inventory Management, GAO/HR-93-12 (December 1992).
3. U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB), Budget of the U.S.
Government FY 93 (Washington, D.C., 1992) and Budget of the U.S.
Government FY 94 (Washington, D.C., 1993); and interview with
Department of Housing and Urban Development Budget Officer Herbert
Purcell, August 26, 1993.
4. U.S. Congress, Senate, Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee
on Education, Labor and Health and Human Services, testimony of
Clarence C. Crawford, U.S. GAO, "Multiple Employment Programs:
National Employment Training Strategy Needed," June 18, 1993.
5. Democratic Leadership Council, The Road to Realignment: The
Democrats and the Perot Voters (Washington, D.C.: Democratic
Leadership Council, July 1993), p. III-12. Pollster Stanley
Greenberg asked people if they agreed that "government always
manages to mess things up." Seventy-two percent of Perot voters
agreed, 64 percent of Clinton voters agreed, and 66 percent of Bush
voters agreed.
6. Dilulio, John J., Jr., Gerald Garvey, and Donald F. Kettl,
Improving Government Performance: An Owner's Manual (Washington,
D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1993), p. 79.
7. Yankelovich, Daniel, American Values and Public Policy
(Washington, D.C.: Democratic Leadership Council, 1992), p. 7.
8. National Performance Review Accompanying Report, Transforming
Organizational Structures (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government
Printing Office [GPO], September 1993).
9. Finegan, Jay, "Four-Star Management," Inc. (January 1987), pp.
42-51; Osborne, David, and Ted Gaebler, Reinventing Government: How
the Entrepreneurial Spirit is Transforming the Public Sector
(Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., 1992), pp.
255-259; and Creech, General W. L., "Leadership and Management --
The Present and the Future,'' address presented at the Armed
Services Leadership and Management Symposium (October 11-14, 1983)
(available from the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense
for Installations, Pentagon, Washington, D.C.).
10. National Performance Review Accompanying Report, Improving
Customer Service (Washington, D.C.: U.S. GPO, September 1993).
11. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Regional
Office, Profile of a Reinvented Government Organization (Milwaukee,
WI, May 24, 1993); "The U.S. Forest Service: Decentralizing
Authority," Government Executive (March 1993), pp. 23-4; and
interviews with Forest Service officials.
12. The President's Fiscal 1994 budget (page 40) estimates 2.1
million Federal non-postal workers and 1.8 million military for
1994. Manpower, Inc. employs 560,000. General Motors employs
362,000.
Chapter 1--Cutting Red Tape
1. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Starting Over (Washington, D.C.,
undated), p. 1.
2. Estimate by Office of Management and Budget.
3. National Performance Review Accompanying Report, Mission-Driven,
Results-Oriented Budgeting (Washington, D.C.: U.S. GPO, September
1993).
4. Letter to Vice President Gore from Bob Peterson, Jackson, NJ
(undated).
5. Department of Energy town meeting of the National Performance
Review, July 13, 1993.
6. Peter, Dr. Lawrence J., Peter's Quotations: Ideas for Our Time
(New York: Quill/William Morrow, 1977), p. 124.
7. Osborne, David, and Ted Gaebler, Reinventing Government: How the
Entrepreneurial Spirit is Transforming the Public Sector (Reading,
MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., 1992), p. 118.
8. Mission-Driven, Results-Oriented Budgeting.
9. Kondracke, Morton, "How to Aid AID," vol. 202, New Republic
(February 26, 1990), pp. 20-23.
10. This estimate is derived from federal employment statistics as
of September 30, 1991, provided in Office of Personnel Management
publication MW 56-22.
11. $35 billion = 700,000 central staff x $50,000 in salary and
benefits per person year.
12. The last year that the civilian, nonpostal workforce was under
two million was 1966.
13. Haas, Lawrence J., Running on Empty: Bush, Congress, and the
Politics of a Bankrupt Government (Homewood, IL: Business One Irwin
1990), p. xxiii.
14. Mission-Driven Results-Oriented Budgeting.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. Unpublished case study by Pamela Varley, John F. Kennedy School
of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, July 1993.
18. Mission-Driven, Results-Oriented Budgeting.
19. Broder, David S. and Stephen Barr, "Hill's Micromanagement of
Cabinet Blurs Separation of Powers," Washington Post (July 25,
1993), p. A1.
20. Mission-Driven, Results-Oriented Budgeting, "BGT04: Eliminate
Employment Ceilings and Floors by Managing Within Budget."
21. Mission-Driven, Results-Oriented Budgeting.
22. U.S. Congress, House, Democratic Caucus, Task Force on
Government Waste, The Challenge of Sound Management (Washington,
D.C., June 1992).
23. Office of Personnel Management, Central Personnel Data File,
unpublished analysis, March 1993. Calculations by Robert Knisely,
National Performance Review.
24. National Performance Review Accompanying Report, Reinventing
Human Resource Management (Washington, D.C.: U.S. GPO, September
1993).
25. Ibid.
26. National Academy of Public Administration, Modernizing Federal
Classification: An Opportunity for Excellence (Washington, D.C.:
July 1991).
27. Reinventing Human Resource Management.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid.
30. National Performance Review Accompanying Report, Reinventing
Federal Procurement (Washington, D.C.: U.S. GPO, September 1993).
31. Ibid.
32. U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board, Work Force Quality and
Federal Procurement: An Assessment (Washington, D.C.: U.S. GPO,
July 1992), p. 21.
33. National Performance Review Accompanying Report, Reinventing
Federal Procurement, "PROC08: Reform Information Technology
Procurements" (Washington, D.C.: U.S. GPO, September 1993).
34. Ibid.
35. Ibid.
36. Ibid.
37. Ibid.
38. Ibid.
39. National Performance Review Accompanying Report, Streamlining
Management Control (Washington, D.C.: U.S. GPO, September 1993).
40. National Performance Review Accompanying Report, Improving
Regulatory Systems (Washington, D.C.: U.S. GPO, September 1993).
41. Streamlining Management Controls.
42. Department of Veterans Affairs, Management Efficiency Pilot
Program, Innovative Test is Meeting All Expectations (Washington,
D.C.: U.S. GPO, March 1990).
43. Improving Regulatory Systems.
44. Streamlining Management Control.
45. Streamlining Management Control and National Performance Review
Accompanying Report, Improving Financial Management (Washington,
D.C.: U.S. GPO, September 1993).
46. Streamlining Management Control and Improving Financial
Management.
47. Interview with Stephen Cleghorn, Director, Jobs for Homeless
People, Washington, D.C., August 1993.
48. National Performance Review Accompanying Report, Strengthening
the Partnership in Intergovernmental Service Delivery (Washington,
D.C.: U.S. GPO, September 1993).
49. Ibid.
50. Ibid.
51. Ibid.
52. Ibid.
53. National Performance Review Accompanying Report, Housing and
Urban Development, (Washington, D.C.: U.S. GPO, September 1993)
54. Peters, Tom, Thriving on Chaos: Handbook for a Management
Revolution, (New York: Harper & Row, 1989).
Chapters 2--Putting Customers First
1. National Performance Review Accompanying Report, Reengineering
Through Information Technology (Washington, D.C.: Government
Printing Office [GPO], September 1993).
2. National Performance Review Accompanying Report, Improving
Customer Service (Washington, D.C.: U.S. GPO, September 1993).
3. General Accounting Office (GAO), Tax and Administration 1989
Test Call Survey, GAO/GGD-90-36 (January 4, 1990) and Tax and
Administration IRS Budget Request of FY94, GAO/T-GGD-93-23 (April
28, 1993).
4. Improving Customer Service.
5. Department of Health and Human Services, Report of the Inspector
General, on the Social Security Administration's services, 1993.
6. Improving Customer Service.
7. Ibid.
8. National Performance Review Accompanying Report, Streamlining
Management Control (Washington, D.C.: U.S. GPO, September 1993).
9. National Performance Review Accompanying Report, Department of
Transportation (Washington, D.C.: U.S. GPO, September 1993).
10. National Performance Review Accompanying Report, Department of
Labor (Washington, D.C.: U.S. GPO, September 1993).
11. Ibid
12. U.S. General Accounting Office, testimony of Franklin Frazier,
Tax Administration: U.S. and Foreign Strategies for Preparing
Noncollege Youth for Employment, GAO/T-HRD-90-31 (June 14, 1990).
13. National Performance Accompanying Reports, Health and Human
Services; and Strengthening the Partnership in Intergovernmental
Service Delivery (Washington, D.C.: U.S. GPO, September 1993).
14. National Commission on Children, Beyond Rhetoric, A New
American Agenda for Children and Families (Washington D.C., 1991),
p. 314.
15. Health and Human Services.
16. Sylvester, Kathleen, "New Strategies to Save Children in
Trouble," Governing (May 1990), pp. 32-37.
17. National Performance Review Accompanying Report, Office of
Science and Technology Policy and the National Science Foundation
(Washington, D.C.: U.S. GPO, September 1993).
18. Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and
Budget, A Vision of Change for America (Washington D.C.: U.S. GPO,
February 1993), p. 52.
19. National Performance Review Accompanying Report, Department of
Commerce (Washington, D.C.: U.S. GPO, September 1993).
20. Nothdurft, William, It's Time the U.S. Got Serious About
Exporting (St. Paul, MN: The Northwest Area Foundation), pp. 28-31.
21. National Performance Review Accompanying Report, Reinventing
Environmental Management (Washington, D.C.: U.S. GPO, September
1993).
22. Ibid.
23. Department of Commerce.
24. Transforming Organizational Structures.
25. National Performance Review Accompanying Report, Reinventing
Support Services (Washington, D.C.: U.S. GPO, September 1993).
26. Ibid.
27. National Performance Review Accompanying Report, Improving
Financial Management (Washington, D.C.: U.S. GPO, September 1993).
28. Department of Commerce.
29. National Performance Review Accompanying Report, Department of
Defense (Washington, D.C.: U.S. GPO, September 1993).
30. Department of Labor.
31. Improving Financial Management.
32. Cummins, Keren Ware, National Technical Information Service,
Reinventing Government's Role: The Turnaround of the National
Technical Information Service (Washington, D.C.: U.S. GPO, January
27, 1993).
33. Department of Transportation.
34. Competitiveness Policy Council, A Competitiveness Strategy for
America (March 1993), p. 274. The Competitiveness Policy Council is
an independent advisory committee established by Congress in 1988.
35. Reinventing Support Services.
36. National Performance Review Accompanying Report, Housing and
Urban Development (Washington, D.C.: U.S. GPO, September 1993).
37. Department of Labor.
38. National Performance Review Accompanying Report, Environmental
Protection Agency (Washington, D.C.: U.S. GPO, September 1993).
39. Osborne, David, and Ted Gaebler, Reinventing Government: How
the Entrepreneurial Spirit is Transforming the Public Sector
(Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., 1992), pp.
304-5.
40. Housing and Urban Development.
Chapter 3-- Empowering Employees to Get Results
1. Budget of the U.S. Government FY 1994 (Washington, D.C., 1993),
p. 40.
2. National Academy of Public Administration (NAPA), Revitalizing
Federal Management: Managers and Their Overburdened Systems
(Washington, D.C.: NAPA 1983).
3. "Department of Transportation Town Hall Meeting with Vice
President Al Gore," unpublished transcript, May 11, 1993, pp.
11-12.
4. Office of Personnel Management (OPM), Office of Systems
Innovation and Simplification, Survey of Federal Employees,
publication OS-92-06. (Washington, D.C.: OPM, May 1992).
5. Telephone interview with the Social Security Administration,
Atlanta office, on April 1, 1993.
6. Obmascik, Mark, "Light-Bulb Change a 43-Person Task," Denver
Post (November 1, 1992), p. A1.
7. U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO), Program Performance
Measures: Federal Collection and Use of Performance Data,
GAO/GGD-92-65 (Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office
[GPO], May 1992).
8. National Performance Review Accompanying Report, Transforming
Organizational Structures (Washington, D.C.: U.S. GPO, September
1993).
9. Office of Personnel Management (OPM), Central Personnel Data
File, unpublished analysis, March 1993.
10. Peters, Tom, Thriving on Chaos: Handbook for a Management
Revolution (New York: Harper & Row, 1989).
11. National Performance Review, Reinventing Government Summit
Proceedings (Washington, D.C.: U.S. GPO, June 25, 1993), p. 87.
12. OPM, Central Personnel Data File, unpublished analysis, March
1993. Calculations by Robert Knisely, National Performance Review.
13. Transforming Organizational Structures.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
16. National Performance Review, Town Hall Meeting Department of
Transportation, unpublished transcript (Washington, D.C., May 11,
1993).
17. National Performance Review Accompanying Report, Department of
Veterans Affairs (Washington, D.C.: U.S. GPO, September 1993).
18. National Performance Review Accompanying Report, Housing and
Urban Development (Washington, D.C.: U.S. GPO, September 1993).
19. GAO, Program Performance Measures.