GUIDE

TO

JAPANESE MONOGRAPHS

AND

JAPANESE STUDIES ON MANCHURIA

1945-1960

PREPARED BY
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF MILITARY HISTORY
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

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CONTENTS

Part I

Introduction
                                                                    Page

1. History of the Japanese Monograph and Japanese Studies on
   Manchuria Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .     3

2. Editing of the Japanese Monographs . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .     4

3. Japanese Studies on Manchuria  . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .     5

4. Japanese Night Combat Study  . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .     5

Part II
Catalog
1. Descriptive Terms Used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2. Numbering of Monographs and Manchurian Studies . . . . . . . . 10 3. Availability of Manuscripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4. List and Description of Japanese Monographs . . . . . . . . . . 11 5. List and Description of Japanese Studies on Manchuria, Including Night Combat Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 6. Japanese Monographs and Japanese Studies on Manchuria Classified by Operational Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Operational Area A -- Southeast Area (includes Northeast New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, and the Solomon Islands) Operational Area B -- North of Australia Area (includes Western New Guinea and eastern portion of Netherlands East Indies) Operational Area C -- Philippines Area Operational Area D -- Central Pacific Area (includes Caroline, and Marshall Islands, Midway, and Hawaii) Operational Area E -- Okinawa and Formosa Area (includes Iwo Jima) Operational Area F -- Homeland Area (Japan, excluding Hokkaido, and Korea) Operational Area G -- Borneo and French Indo-China (includes Thailand) Map: Areas Covered by Japanese Monographs . . . . . . . . . . . facing Part III Indexes [Indexes not included in electronic version.] 1. Index Headings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 2. Operational Listings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
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Page 3. Index References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 4. Page numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 5. Topical and Operational Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 6. Unit Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Part IV
Glossary
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Part I
Introduction
Page 1. History of the Japanese Monograph and Japanese Studies on Manchuria Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Editing of the Japanese Monographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. Japanese Studies on Manchuria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4. Japanese Night Combat Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
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1. History of the Japanese Monographs and Japanese

Studies on Manchuria Programs.

In October 1945, General Headquarters, Far East Command, directed the Japanese Government to prepare a complete history of the War in the Pacific. This history developed as a series of operational monographs which were written by former officers of the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy. Since most of the official records had been destroyed, either through bombings of military headquarters or by deliberate action after surrender, the preparation of an accurate operational history proved extremely difficult. As might be expected, the studies vary widely in value and coverage: some were prepared entirely from memory, others were amplified by material contained in diaries, fragmentary orders, or directives; some were accomplished by officers with considerable ability as historians, while others were poorly organized and written. There was little U.S. supervision or guidance furnished the authors and, in addition, there was tremendous variance in the knowledge and abilities of the translators, few of whom were completely familiar with either U.S. or Japanese military terminology. For these reasons, the studies must be used with caution as they will be found to differ widely in scope and coverage and not all are entirely accurate.

In 1951 the Office of the Chief of Military History requested that copies of these studies be sent to OCMH for use in the preparation of the official U.S. Army histories of World War II. Upon review,

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however, it was found that the studies contained many errors -- both of omission and commission -- and that their value as source documents was extremely questionable. At the suggestion of OCMH, the Far East Command established the Japanese Research Division to check and edit the monographs. This group was composed of U.S. editors, former Japanese military men as consultants, and necessary clerical and drafting personnel. The division originally operated within the framework of the Historical Section, Assistant Chief of Staff G-2, General Headquarters, U.S. Army Forces Far East. At the time of its innovation, on 15 April 1960, it was designated as the Foreign Histories Division and operated under the direction of the Assistant Chief of Staff G-2/3, Headquarters, U.S. Army, Japan.

2. Editing of the Japanese Monographs

The editing of the first monographs was done hastily and only obvious errors were corrected. The resulting studies, therefore, may be little more than inaccurate documents written in slightly more understandable English than the original translations.

As the monograph program developed (starting about 1955), the studies were not merely edited for grammar and construction, but were completely rewritten after intensive research. Under this new treatment, the original translations were used as guiding source documents rather than as the principal information source. As a result, more

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accurate and comprehensive studies were produced. In addition, in some instances several of the original monographs were combined into a single study in an effort to eliminate duplication and present a more complete picture of the operations concerned.

3. Japanese Studies on Manchuria

The Japanese Studies on Manchuria were prepared several years after the operational monographs and were written under the direction and guidance of the Japanese consultants of the Japanese Research Division. In general, these studies are superior to the monographs in organization, accuracy, and coverage. Of the thirteen volumes written, a total of eleven have been completely checked and rewritten.

4. Japanese Night Combat Study

In addition to editing and rewriting the monographs and Manchurian studies, the Japanese Research Division also prepared a special study on night combat as practiced by the Japanese Army.

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Descriptive Terms Used

Part II

Catalog

                                                                    Page

1. Descriptive Terms Used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    9

2. Numbering of Monographs and Manchurian Studies . . . . . . . . .   10

3. Availability of Manuscripts  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   10

4. List and Description of Japanese Monographs  . . . . . . . . . .   11

5. List and Description of Japanese Studies on Manchuria,
   Including Night Combat Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   55

6. Japanese Monographs and Japanese Studies on Manchuria
   Classified by Operational Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   61

Map: Areas Covered by Japanese Monographs facing 61

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1. Descriptive Terms Used

In the following catalog of monographs and special studies, a descriptive remark has been added to indicate the treatment of each study received.

Unedited translation. Study has not been checked, has not been edited, and may or may not be accurate or understandable.

Edited. Study has received some checking and editing. Little reorganization has been attempted and no material has been added from other monographs or sources. Errors may exist.

Rewritten. Study has been expanded by addition of material from other sources or monographs. Considerable research has been accomplished to enure and to correct errors of omission. Errors, if they exist, will be minor.

Reproduced. This term refers solely to the present form of the study and indicates that an Edited or Rewritten version has been reproduced in quantity by either mimeograph or offset process. No Unedited monographs or special studies were reproduced.

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2. Numbering of Monographs and Manchurian Studies

Until July 1960 the monographs had two numbers: the original monograph number and a Historical Studies accession number applied by the General Reference Branch of the Office, Chief of Military History. However, in 1960, the General Reference Branch numbers were revised to conform with the original monograph numbers. The revised numbering system issued in the following catalog. In addition to the foregoing change, a number of monographs, which consist only of maps and charts, were deleted and the material combined with the monographs to which the maps referred.

3. Availability of Manuscripts.

Japanese monographs will be found in the General Reference Branch of the Office, Chief of Military History, filed under 8-5.1 AC followed by the monograph number. The Japanese Studies on Manchuria are similarly filed under 8-5.1 AE while the Night Combat Study will be found under 8-5.1 AG.

Copies of these monographs and studies have been deposited with the Exchange and Gift Division of the Library of Congress. Reproduced copies will be available from that agency on purchase or loan basis.

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4. List and Description of Japanese Monographs

No. 1  PHILIPPINES OPERATIONS RECORD                 ARMY
       Phase I                                  Invasion Operation
       (6 November 1941 - 30 June 1942)

          Invasion of the Philippines described from the level of
       14th Army Headquarters. Covers Luzon landings and drive to
       the south, including capture of Manila, Bataan and Corregidor
       as well as subsequent mop-up. Landings on other islands in
       the Philippine Group lightly covered.  (Unedited translation,
       243 pages)

No. 2  PHILIPPINES OPERATIONS RECORD                 ARMY
       Phase I                                  Invasion Operation

       (1 December 1941 - 10 April 1942)
          Invasion plans, preparations, and operations of the 16th
       and 48th Divisions. Operational plans of the 4th Division
       for the second phase of the Bataan Operation. Some data on
       Corregidor and other Manila Bay fortifications and installations.
       Gives detailed information on artillery, including missions,
       employment and firing data. Outlines of General Homma's
       personal estimate of the Bataan situation as of February 1942
       and gives a resume of U.S. defense operations on Luzon,
       Bataan, and Corregidor. Many maps and charts. (Unedited
       translation, 109 pages)

No. 3  PHILIPPINES OPERATIONS RECORD                 ARMY
       Phase III                                  Defense Preparation
       (December 1942 - June 1944)

          Subjugation operations in various islands briefly covered.
       Cites steps taken to prevent supply of guerrilla units by U.S.
       submarines and planes. Covers movement of Headquarters,
       Southern Army, to Manila and efforts of 14th Army to effect
       defense preparations while simultaneously subduing guerrillas
       and insurgents. Contains some discussion of the Philippines
       as a logistical base for the Southern Theater of Operations.
       (Unedited translation, 56 pages)

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No. 4 PHILIPPINES OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Phase III Defense Preparation (July - November 1944) Fourteenth Area Army plans and preparations for the over-all defense of the Philippines. Covers construction of fortifications, mobilization, and training of replacements. Discusses Army-Navy agreements for joint defense operations. Includes some details of the start of the Leyte Defense Operations. (Unedited translation, 50 pages) No. 5 PHILIPPINES OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Phase III Defense Operations (July - December 1944) Discusses the 35th Army's plans, preparations, and operations in defense of Leyte. Written from the Fourteenth Area Army level, study consists chiefly of orders to the 35th Army and the 16th Division and is a miscellany of plans, preparations, and operations. Apparently written from memory, few dates or strength and casualty figures are provided. Of limited value. (Unedited translation, 18 pages) No. 6 PHILIPPINES OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Phase III Defense Operations (June 1944 - August 1945) An account of the 35th Army's defense of the Southern Philippines (area south of Luzon and Mindoro). Gives full coverage to the defense of Leyte, including plans and preparations from the Army Headquarters level. Describes withdrawal of 35th Army troops to Cebu and provides some coverage of the defense of Mindanao and other islands. Many maps and charts. (Unedited translation, 171 pages) No. 7 PHILIPPINES OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Phase III Defense Operations (January - August 1945) An account of the Fourteenth Area Army's defense of Luzon, including plans and preparations for local area defenses. A large portion written in daily journal format from level of Area Army Headquarters. Very complete coverage of unit locations and over-all operations. Many maps and charts. (Unedited translation, 222 pages)
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No. 8 PHILIPPINES OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Phase III Defense Operations (December 1944 - August 1945) Defense plans, preparations and operations of the Shimbu Group in Southern Luzon. Also gives some coverage of the defense of Manila. (Unedited translation, 36 pages) No. 9 PHILIPPINES OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Phase III Defense Operations (December 1944 - August 1945) Description of plans, preparations, and operations of the Shimbu Group in defense of Clark Field area. Written in outline form, study lacks cohesion and is of limited value. (Unedited translation, 31 pages) No. 10 PHILIPPINES OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Phase III Defense Operations (November 1944 - April 1945) A vague account of the activities of two provisional companies that garrisoned Mindoro and Lubang Islands. Of little or no value, this monograph was recommended for deletion. Material contained might well have been condensed to one or two paragraphs and combined with another study. (Unedited translation, 9 pages) See also No. 137. No. 11 PHILIPPINES AIR OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY AIR FORCE Phase I Invasion Operations (December 1944 - May 1942) Operations of the 5th Air Group in support of the Philippines invasion, including the Bataan operations and the reduction of Corregidor. Primarily a record of sorties flown and results reported. (Edited, Reproduced, 71 pages) No. 12 PHILIPPINES AIR OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY AIR FORCE Phase III Defense Operations (August 1944 - February 1945) Operations of the 4th Air Army in defense of Leyte and Luzon, with some coverage of operations in defense of Mindoro. Primarily concerned with plans and unit listings. (Unedited translation, 119 pages)
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No. 13 NORTH OF AUSTRALIA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (1943 - 1945) Defense Operations Operations of the Second Area Army in defense of Biak, Noemfoor, and Halmahera. Primarily concerned with logistical problems, particularly interisland transportation. (Unedited translation, 108 pages) No. 14 SECOND AREA ARMY OPERATIONS IN THE ARMY WESTERN NEW GUINEA AREA Defense Operations (May 1944 - January 1945) A brief summarization of the operations of the 35th and 36th Division in northwestern New Guinea, Biak, and Noemfoor. Fragmentary information presented in daily journal format gives some data on guerrilla activities conducted by the Biak and Noemfoor Detachments after being cut off from headquarters. Of doubtful value, this study was recommended for deletion. (Unedited translation, 18 pages) No. 15 OUTLINE OF THE BATTLE FOR MOROTAI ARMY (15 September - 13 May 1945) Defense Operations Covers efforts of the 32d Division to send reinforcements and supplies to Morotai. Some coverage of actions of small raiding units on Morotai. Written in journal format from Headquarters, 32d Division level. (Unedited translation, 19 pages) No. 16 AMBON (Amboina) AND TIMOR ARMY INVASION OPERATIONS Invasion Operations (January - February 1942) A very brief description of two relatively simple operations conducted by the Eastern Detachment, formed from the 228th Infantry Regiment of the 38th Division (Edited, Reproduced, 23 pages) No. 17 HOMELAND OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (1941 - 1945) Covers defense preparations for Japan proper (with exception of island of Hokkaido), including the establishment of the General and Area Armies and the separate air command. Gives details of organization of forces, building of defenses (with sketches of typical defense positions), mobilization, and disposition of units. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 246 pages) No. 18, 19, and 20 were combined with No. 17.
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No. 18 HOMELAND OPERATIONS RECORD, Volume II Deleted, combined with No. 17 No. 19 HOMELAND OPERATIONS RECORD, Supplement to Volume III Deleted, combined with No. 17. No. 20 HOMELAND OPERATIONS RECORD, Supplement to Volume III Deleted, combined with No. 17. No. 21 HOMELAND OPERATIONS RECORD, Volume IV ARMY Fifth Area Army Defense Preparations (Late 1943 - 1945) Defense plans and preparations for Hokkaido and Kuril Islands, together with details of the reorganization of the northern defense forces. Defense of Attu and withdrawal from Kiska lightly covered. Gives brief account of Soviet movement into Sakhalin with information on subsequent surrender and demobilization of Japanese forces in the area, (Edited, Reproduced, 50 pages) No. 22 SEVENTEENTH AREA ARMY OPERATIONS ARMY (1941 - 1945) Plans and Preparations Plans and preparations for the defense of Korea, including reorganization of the command, mobilization, diversion of units to other areas, and construction of defense fortifications. Some information on cooperation with Kwantung Army. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 46 pages) No. 23 AIR DEFENSE OF THE HOMELAND ARMY AIR FORCE (1944 - 1945) Defense Operations An account of preparations for air operations to be undertaken in the event of an invasion of Japan. Primarily concerned with organization, personnel, and logistical problems, together with last minute efforts to establish an intelligence net. Written from the level of Headquarters, Air General Army. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 91 pages)
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No. 24 HISTORY OF THE SOUTHERN ARMY ARMY (1941 - 1945) Over-all Southern Area Operations A general review of the entire Southern Army's theater of operations. Discusses high-level planning and strategy together with troop movements, assignment of units, and offensive and defensive operations. (Rewritten, 159 pages) No. 25 FRENCH INDO-CHINA AREA ARMY OPERATIONS RECORD General Coverage (1940 - 1945) A brief description of the entry of Japanese forces into French Indo-China for the purpose of disrupting Chungking's supply lines during the China Incident. Latter part covers preparations for defense against possible Allied invasion and Japanese operations against the French Indo-China Army. (Edited, Reproduced, 40 pages) No. 26 BORNEO OPERATIONS ARMY (1941 - 1945) General Coverage Describes plans, preparations, and invasion operations in Sarawak and British North Borneo. Includes a brief description of occupation activities of the Borneo Garrison Army and preparations for defense by the 37th Army. Appendix gives excerpts from Australian Army reports of recapture of Borneo in 1945. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 98 pages) No. 27 JOLO ISLAND INVASION ARMY OPERATIONS RECORD Invasion Operations (December 1941) A very brief account of the virtually unopposed two-day operation by the Matsumoto Detachment (battalion strength) in seizing Jolo Island. (Edited, Reproduced, 3 pages) No. 28 TARAKAN INVASION OPERATIONS ARMY RECORD Invasion Operations (January 1942) A brief description of the three-day operation by the Sakaguchi Detachment in the seizing of Tarakan Island. (Edited, Reproduced, 6 pages)
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No. 29 BALIKPAPAN INVASION OPERATIONS ARMY RECORD Invasion Operation (January 1942) Describes the capture of Balikpapan by elements of the Sakaguchi Detachment from Tarakan Island and the subsequent mop-up of the surrounding area. (Edited, Reproduced, 8 pages) No. 30 BANDJERMASIN INVASION OPERATIONS ARMY RECORD Invasion Operation (February 1942) Describes combination overland and amphibious operation conducted by elements of the Sakaguchi Detachment, moving from Balikpapan to attack and capture Bandjermasin. (Edited, Reproduced, 7 pages) No. 31 SOUTHERN AREA AIR OPERATIONS ARMY AIR FORCE RECORD General Coverage (1941 - 1945) A very general coverage of air operations in the Southern Army theater of operations. Little combat operational coverage is provided as study is primarily devoted to recording the organization and activities of air headquarters units together with the transfers and attachments of subordinate units. (Unedited translation, 37 pages) No. 32 SOUTHEAST AREA AIR OPERATIONS ARMY AIR FORCE RECORD Defense Preparations (November 1942 - April 1944) An account of the plans, preparations, and organization of the 4th Air Army for defensive operations in Eastern New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. Written in expanded outline form, contains little material on combat operations. (Unedited translation, 39 pages)
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No. 33 SOUTHEAST AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Part 1, South Seas Detachment Invasion Operations Operations (3 January - 30 May 1942) An extremely brief outline of the operations of the South Seas Detachment (55th Division Group) and the 4th Fleet in the capture of Rabaul, the invasion of Lae and Salamaua, and the unsuccessful move against Port Moresby. Recommended for deletion in favor of No. 143. (Unedited translation, 15 pages) No. 34 SOUTHEAST AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Volume I Counteroffensive (May 1942 - January 1943) Describes efforts of the 17th Army to cut the lines of communication between the United States and Australia by establishing bases in the Solomon Islands and Port Moresby. Contains information on plans and preparations for amphibious and land operations against Port Moresby but has little on combat operations. Discusses attempts to dislodge the United States from Guadalcanal, including cooperation of the naval air arm and the naval bombardment of shore installations. Some data on supply and troop movement accomplished by the Navy. (Unedited translation, 162 pages) No. 35 SOUTHEAST AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Volume II Defense Operations (February 1943 - August 1945) A continuation of No. 34, this study covers the withdrawal of the 2d and 38th Divisions from Guadalcanal and the defense of the central and northern Solomon Islands and the Bismarck Archipelago by the 6th and 38th Independent Mixed Brigades. (Unedited translation, 172 pages) No. 36 SOUTHEAST AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Map Supplement Deleted, maps combined with Nos. 34 and 35.
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No. 37 SOUTHEAST AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY 18th Army Operations, Volume I Invasion Operations (January 1942 - June 1943) Covers invasion of Eastern New Guinea and Rabaul by the South Seas Detachment. Describes move against Port Moresby as well as the defense of Buna and Giruwa by the Buna Detachment (21st Independent Mixed Brigade). (Rewritten, Reproduced, 195 pages) No. 38 SOUTHEAST AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY 18th Army Operations, Volume II Defense Operations (June 1943 - February 1944) An account of the operations of the 20th and 51st Divisions in the Salamaua, Lae, and Finchhafen areas, including the withdrawal to Madang. Written in expanded outline form, study contains much material on minor engagements, supply problems, food shortages, and transportation difficulties. (Unedited translation, 212 pages) No. 39 SOUTHEAST AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY 18th Army Operations, Volume III Defense Operations (March 1944 - August 1944) Covers defense of northeast New Guinea by the 20th, 41st, and 51st Divisions under the 18th Army and the Second and Eighth Area Armies. Written in expanded outline form, study covers the unsuccessful defenses of Aitape, Hollandia, and Wewak. Furnishes detailed information on supply and transportation problems and food shortages. (Unedited translation, 191 pages) No. 40 SOUTHEAST AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY 18th Army Operations, Volume IV Defense Operations (September 1944 - June 1945) Study is almost entirely devoted to orders from the 18th Army to the 20th, 41st, and 51st Divisions in their last-ditch defense of the northeast New Guinea coast in the vicinity of Wewak. Covers in some detail the efforts of the 18th Army to attain self-sufficiency by producing its own food and other supplies. (Unedited translation, 321 pages)
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No. 41 SOUTHEAST AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY 18th Army Operations, Volume V Defense Operations (June 1945 - March 1946) Final operations of the 18th Army with the 20th, 41st, and 51st Divisions in the Prince Alexander Mountain Range, south of Wewak. Since the fighting strength had been reduced to approximately 1,000 men per division, operations are restricted to infiltration raids and guerrilla-type actions. A considerable portion is devoted to the surrender, internment, and repatriation of Japan Forces. Study skips about chronologically, making it difficult to follow and fails to present a clear over-all picture. (Unedited translation, 236 pages) No. 42 SOUTHEAST AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Chart Supplement Defense Operations (1943 - 1945) A series of charts and graphs illustrating logistical and strength aspects of 18th Army operations as covered in Nos. 37 - 41. Appendix contains policy on defensive concepts for New Guinea. (29 charts, redrawn from Japanese originals) No. 43 SOUTHEAST AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Map Supplement (1943 - 1945) Deleted, maps combined with Nos. 37 - 41 inclusive. No. 44 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTH AREA ARMY ARMY (November 1952 - August 1945) Defense Operations Contains plans and orders of the Eighth Area Army for the defense of Eastern New Guinea, the Bismarck, Solomon, and Admiralty Islands with the 17th and 18th Armies. Little material on combat operations, but strong on organization, troop movement, logistics, etc. This study was recommended for deletion in favor of No. 127, but has some material which is not included in No. 127. (Unedited translation, 114 pages)
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No. 45 HISTORY OF IMPERIAL GENERAL ARMY HEADQUARTERS, ARMY SECTION Over-all Operations (1941 - 1945) Covers the establishment of Imperial General Headquarters and the problems encountered by the Army Section in the prosecution of the Greater East Asia War. Brief references to political and diplomatic aspects, showing relationship of IGHQ to other branches of the Japanese Government. Gives over-all review of the Pacific War, including preparations and decision to enter into a state of war with the United States, Great Britain, and the Netherlands. Appendixes contain Army orders and an explanation of unit designations. (Rewritten. 382 pages) No. 46 ALEUTIANS OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (June 1942 - July 1943) Invasion and Defense Operations Detailed coverage of landings on Kiska and Attu, plane and preparations for the defense of the western Aleutians, the defense of Attu, and the evacuation of Kiska. Poorly organized and not particularly well translated, but gives more information than other Japanese monographs dealing with the same subject. (Unedited translation, 181 pages) No. 47 NORTHERN AREA MONTHLY ARMY COMBAT REPORTS Defense Operations (January - May 1943) This is not actually a monograph. It appears to be a collection of incomplete reports on conditions in the Aleutians and the activities of the Kiska and Attu Garrisons. Although deletion of this monograph was recommended, some material is of interest and value. (Unedited translation, 80 pages) No. 48 CENTRAL PACIFIC OPERATIONS ARMY RECORD, Volume I Invasion and Defense Operations (December 1941 - August 1945) A very vague account of the operations of the South Seas Detachment in the capture of Guam. Some data on defense preparations on various islands in the Central Pacific area and a brief coverage of the defense of Guam, Saipan, and Tinian. Considerable information on the defense of Iwo Jima. (Unedited translation, 48 pages)
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No. 49 CENTRAL PACIFIC OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Volume II Defense Operations (April - November 1944) Although supposedly an account of the 31st Army and the 14th Division in defense of the Palau Island Group and Yap, the study goes far afield in giving lengthly resume of the general situation in the entire Pacific area and devotes much space to estimates of the enemy situation, both naval and air. Coverage of island defense is, however, adequate. Written in expanded journal format, text skips around erratically from a geographic point of view. (Unedited translation, 204 pages) No. 50 CENTRAL PACIFIC AIR OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY AIR FORCE (1944 - 1945) Defense Operations A brief and extremely loose-Knit account of the efforts made to organize the outer islands of the Central Pacific for the air defense of Japan. Covers raids on U.S. bases on Saipan and Tinian and describes some aspects of the Sho-Go Operation. Gives some information on Army-Navy cooperation for defense of the Homeland. Virtually all this material is duplicated in No. 23. (Edited, Reproduced, 14 pages) No. 51 IWO JIMA AND RYUKYU ISLANDS ARMY AIR FORCE AIR OPERATIONS Defense Operations (February - June 1945) Describes operations of the 6th Air Army, under control of the Combined Fleet, in the Iwo Jima and Okinawa defensive operations. Partly written in journal format, study gives day-to-day reports of sorties flown and results reported. (Unedited translation, 52 pages) No. 52 FORMOSA AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (1943 - 1945) Defense Operations A description of the efforts of the Tenth Area Army to prepare for the anticipated invasion of Formosa (Taiwan), assist in the defense of Okinawa, and serve as a logistical base for the Fourteenth Area Army in the Philippines. Badly written, organized, and translated. (Unedited translation, 142 pages)
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No. 53 3RD ARMY OPERATIONS IN OKINAWA ARMY (March - June 1945) Defense Operations A very brief outline of the defense of Okinawa by the 32d Army. Although deletion of this study was recommended in favor of the more complete coverage contained in No. 135, there is some material of interest and historical value. (Unedited translation, 27 pages) No. 54 MALAY OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (November 1941 - March 1942) Invasion Operations A detailed description of the invasion of Malaya by the 25th Army with the 5th, 18th, and Imperial Guards Divisions. Gives day-by-day account of the movements of various units. Discusses British surrender and gives general terms. Several maps missing, translation is poor. (Unedited translation, 104 pages) No. 55 SOUTHEAST AREA AIR OPERATIONS ARMY AIR FORCE RECORD, Phase I Invasion Operations (November 1941 - February 1942) Operations of the 3d Air Force (later 3d Air Army) in support of the advance of the 15th Army into Burma and the movement of the 25th Army down the Malay Peninsula, (Unedited translation, 113 pages) No. 56 SOUTHWEST AREA AIR OPERATIONS ARMY AIR FORCE RECORD, Phase II Offensive Operations (July 1942 - June 1944) An account of the operations of the 3d Air Army in the areas of Borneo, Burma, Malaya, South China, and French Indo-China. Little material on combat operations. Vague, incomplete, and choppy, this study is little more than a listing of transfers, assignments, and reorganizations of units, without specific details. Of doubtful value historically. (Unedited translation, 44 pages)
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No. 57 BURMA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Phase I Invasion Operations (November 1941 - December 1942) Covers preparations for invasion of Burma by the Southern Army, the movement through Thailand and the actual invasion of Burma by the 15th Army. Records movement to, and capture of, Rangoon and expansion to the northern part of Burma by the 33d and 55th Divisions (later reinforced by the 18th and 56th Divisions). Primarily a record of movement with a minimum of coverage on combat operations. Some information on the organization of the 15th Army. Maps originally included in No. 60 have been added. (Unedited translation, 86 pages) No. 58 BURMA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Phase II Offensive Operations (1943 — 1944) Covers preparations undertaken to secure Burma and push into India and China. Special emphasis is given to the Imphal Operation. Written from the level of Headquarters, Burma Area Army, study gives over-all description of operations of the 15th, 28th, and 33d Armies. Better and more complete coverage of Burma operations of the period are contained in revised versions of Nos. 132, 134, and 148. Maps originally included in No. 60A have been added. (Unedited translation, 76 pages) No. 59(1) BURMA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Phase III Defense Operations (1944 - 1945) A very general account of the attempts of the 15th Army to defend northern Burma, bold along the Irrawaddy River, and to recapture Meiktila. Also describes withdrawal of the 15th and 33d Armies to the south and east following the collapse of the northern defenses. Written from the level of Headquarters, Burma Area Army, study furnishes few details of combat operations. Much of material is better covered in No. 148. Deletion of monograph was recommended in favor of No. 59(2). (Unedited translation, 26 pages)
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No. 59(2) BURMA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Phase III Defense Operations (April 1944 - August 1945) An account of over-all operations in Burma from the failure at Imphal to the final surrender. Written from the level of Headquarters, Burma Area Army, study is primarily concerned with orders and movements of armies and divisions. Covers same information as contained an No. 59(1), although in greater detail. Better coverage is contained in Nos. 132, 134, and 148. (Unedited translation, 126 pages). No. 60 BURMA OPERATIONS RECORD Map Supplement Deleted, combined with No. 57. No. 6O(a) BURMA OPERATIONS RECORD Map Supplement Deleted, combined with No. 58. No. 61 BURMA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Supplement No. 2 Defense Operations (October - November 1943) A brief, vague account of the operations of the 18th and 56th Divisions, under the 15th Army, against the 36th and 108th Divisions of the Nationalist Chinese Army. Of little historical value, better coverage is contained in revised editions of Nos. 134 and 148. (Unedited translation, 7 pages) No. 62 BURMA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Supplement No. 2 Defense Operations (April 1944 - January 1945) An account of the defense of northeastern Burma by the 56th Division. Primarily a description of the individual defense operations of a number of garrison units established for the purpose of cutting the India-China overland route, holding the Ledo Road route, and protecting the rear of the 15th Army against the advancing Chinese Yunnan Expeditionary Force. Much of material contained is better covered in No. 148 (Revised). Maps illustrating text are in same binder, although labeled No. 63. Maps have been greatly reduced and are difficult to use. (Unedited translation, 97 pages)
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No. 63 BURMA OPERATIONS RECORD Map Supplement Deleted maps included with No. 62. No. 64 BURMA AIR OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY AIR FORCE (January 1942 - August 1945) Over-all Operations Describes operations of the 5th Air Division in driving British and American air units out of Burma in 19r2. Covers support of ground units in later operations and gives an account of the final defense operations with air units relocated to Thailand and French Indo-China. (Unedited translation, 114 pages) No. 65 SOUTHEAST AREA AIR OPERATIONS ARMY AIR FORCE RECORD, Phase III Defense Operations (July 1944 - August 1945) The 3d Air Army in the final defense of the Southwest Area. Little coverage of combat operations, but considerable information on transfers, reorganization of units, logistical problems, and attempts to convert outmoded aircraft to compete with the late model planes of the Allies. (Unedited translation, 52 pages) No. 66 THE INVASION OF THE NETHERLANDS ARMY EAST INDIES Invasion Operations (November 1941 - March 1942) A condensed account of the operations of the 16th Army in its approach to Java via Borneo and Sumatra, including the capture of Java. Combat operations in these areas were brief and lightly opposed. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 59 pages) No. 67 PALEMBANG AND BANGKA ISLANDS ARMY OPERATIONS RECORD Invasion Operations (January - February 1942) A brief description of the virtually unopposed move of the 30th Division against Palembang and Bangka, together with some information on the air drop of the 1st Parachute on Palembang Airfield. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 16 pages)
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No. 68 REPORT ON INSTALLATIONS AND CAPTURED ARMY WEAPONS, JAVA AND SINGAPORE, 1942 Report by an inspection team which surveyed captured weapons, ammunition, and fortifications in Java and Singapore, together with evaluation and recommendations for future use. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 112 pages) No. 69 JAVA-SUMATRA AREA AIR OPERATIONS ARMY AIR FORCE RECORD Invasion Operations (December 1941 - March 1942) The operations of the 3d Air Force (later 3d Air Army) in support of the 16th Army in the invasions of Java and Sumatra. Details of the airborne operations of the 1st Parachute Brigade in the first Japanese airdrop in the war. (Unedited translation, 107 pages) No. 70 CHINA AREA OPERATIONS RECORD (Revised) ARMY (July 1937 - November 1941) Invasion Operations A brief description of the outbreak of the China Incident and the subsequent punitive operations of the Japanese Army. Some discussion of the Army's move into French Indo-China. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 85 pages) No. 71 ARMY OPERATIONS IN CHINA ARMY (December 1941 - December 1943) Offensive Operations Describes the capture of Hong Kong by units of the 23d Army. Covers the efforts of the China Expeditionary Army, with the 11th and 13th Armies, to consolidate positions and eliminate Chinese resistance in Central China. Also discusses operations to destroy American air bases in China. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 170 pages) No. 72 ARMY OPERATIONS IN CHINA ARMY (January 1944 - August 1945) Offensive Operations Describes the efforts of the China Expeditionary Army, using the North China Area Army and Sixth Area Army, to destroy U.S. and Chinese airfields, secure transportation facilities and overthrow the Chungking Government (Ichi-Go Operation). Good map coverage; organization and movement of units thoroughly covered. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 22; pages)
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No. 73 COMBAT IN THE TAO-ERH-CHUANG AREA ARMY (February - June 1938) Offensive Operations A very vague account of the operations of the 2d Army in attempting to contain the China Incident by subduing the 1st, 3d, and 5th Chinese War Sector Armies in the Tientsin-Kaifeng-Tsingtao triangle of northeast China. (Edited, Reproduced, 12 pages) No. 74 OPERATIONS IN THE KUN-LUN-KUAN AREA ARMY (November 1939 - February 1940) Offensive Operations A brief account of the efforts of the 21st Army to retain control of that part of southern China through which the French Indo-China to Chungking supply routes ran, Poorly written, few details, inadequate map coverage. (Edited, Reproduced, 13 pages) No. 75 OPERATIONS AT CHANGSHA Deleted, contents included in No. 70 (Revised). No. 76 AIR OPERATIONS IN THE CHINA AREA ARMY AIR FORCE (July 1937 - August 1945) Over-all Coverage Air operations in support of ground forces in the China Incident. Covers the Ichi-Go Operation in which attempts were made to eliminate U.S. air bases in China and to intercept U.S. planes en route to bomb Japan. Describes final efforts to build up strength to protect coastal installation against the anticipated Allied invasion of China. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 211 pages) No. 77 JAPANESE PREPARATIONS FOR ARMY OPERATIONS IN MANCHURIA Plans and Preparations (1931 - 1942) Review of background of the Kwantung Army and a description of its build-up and subsequent weakening through transfer of units to the South Pacific theater, Appendix contains very complete listings of units and records of transfers in and out of the Kwantung Army. (Edited, Reproduced, 64 pages)
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No. 78 THE KWANTUNG ARMY IN THE ARMY MANCHURIAN CAMPAIGN Plans and Preparations (1941 — 1945) Contains information on transfers and activation of Kwantung Army units, including build-up and subsequent weakening of the army. Some information on Soviet invasion. Virtually all information is duplicated in Nos. 77, 138, 154, and 155. (Unedited translation, 45 pages) No. 79 BURMA AND ANDAMAN INVASION NAVAL NAVY OPERATIONS Invasion Operations (March - April 1942) Brief summary of the invasion of the Andaman Islands by one battalion of the 18th Division and elements of two naval base forces, escorted by the 1st Escort Force. The Burma operation mentioned in title was not actually an invasion, but merely a large-scale troop escort operation in which the 56th Division was landed in the already secured port of Rangoon by the 2d Escort Force. (Edited, Reproduced, 12 pages) No. 79A SUMATRA INVASION AND SOUTHWEST AREA NAVY NAVAL MOPPING-UP OPERATIONS Invasion Operations (January - May 1942) A brief account of naval assistance to the Army in its occupation of northern Sumatra, Christmas Island, and Netherlands New Guinea. Also covers naval operations in the Lesser Sunda Islands. Little coverage of combat operations, but contains helpful organizational charts and situation maps. (Edited, Reproduced, 8 pages plus maps) No. 80 OPERATIONAL SITUATION OF THE JAPANESE NAVAL AIR FORCE NAVY IN THE PHILIPPINES INVASION Invasion Operations OPERATIONS (December 1941) A brief account of the attacks by the 11th Air Fleet which preceded the landing of Army invasion forces on Luzon, Mindanao, and Jolo Islands. Some data on escort of troop convoys and landing operations, (Unedited translation, 18 pages)
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No. 81 PHILIPPINES AREA NAVAL NAVY OPERATIONS, Part III Defense Operations (December 1944 - January 1945) A vague, poorly organized description of Army and Navy indecision at the time of the U.S. landings on Mindoro. Air and surface attacks on transports and escort vessels are briefly described and some results reported. (Unedited translation, 13 pages) No. 82 PHILIPPINE AREA NAVAL NAVAL AIR FORCE OPERATIONS, Part I Defense Preparations (January - September 1944) Originally titled, Naval Air Operations in the Philippines, this study covers naval plans and preparations for the air defense of the Philippines. Same information on U.S. air attacks and Japanese countermeasures in September 1944. (Unedited translation, 22 pages) No. 83 OKINAWA AREA NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVAL AIR FORCE (January - June 1945) Defense Operations Describes naval air, land, and sea operations in defense of Okinawa. Primarily an account of the 3d, 5th, and 10th Air Fleets and their efforts to support the Army's defense of the island by destroying the U.S. invasion fleet. Covers ill-fated attack of 1st Diversionary Attack Force and actions of land-based naval force. (Unedited translation, 177 pages) No. 84 PHILIPPINES AREA NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVY Part II Defense Operations (October - December 1944) Covers naval air operations prior to the U.S. invasion of Leyte and describes surface force operations in the Battle for Leyte Gulf. Some coverage on the Formosa naval engagement that preceded the Philippines operations. Better written than most unedited studies, fairly well translated, and has good map coverage. (Unedited translation, 115 pages)
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No. 85 PREPARATIONS FOR OPERATIONS IN NAVY DEFENSE OF THE HOMELAND Plans and Preparations (July 1944 - July 1945) Naval plans for the defense of Japan proper including details of joint Army-Navy defenses against invasion. Estimate of the general situation in July 1944 together with charts showing strength and planned deployment of naval air arm. (Unedited translation, 59 pages) No. 86 5TH AIR FLEET OPERATIONS NAVAL AIR FORCE (February - August 1945) Defense Operations A daily record of the 5th Air Fleet operations in defense of Japan. Describes reconnaissance missions and attacks on U.S. and British task forces, including operations in defense of Okinawa. Plans and preparations for the Ketsu-Go Operation, the final defense of Japan. (Unedited translation, 144 pages) No. 87 WESTERN NEW GUINEA AND NORTH NAVY OF AUSTRALIA AREA NAVAL OPERATIONS Defense Operations (April - September 1944) An incoherent account of air and surface operations by the Southwest Area Fleet and the 4th Southern Expeditionary Fleet in defense of northwest New Guinea and the Netherlands East Indies. Includes air operations in defense of Biak and the surface force attempts to land reinforcements for the defending ground forces. (Unedited translation, 21 pages) No. 88 ALEUTIAN NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVY (March 1942 - February 1943) Offensive Operations Primarily an account of plans and preparations for the naval operations supporting the occupation of the western Aleutians. Discusses bombing of Dutch Harbor and ties in Aleutian Operation with the Midway Invasion Operation, showing the strategic importance of the Aleutians and Midway to the Japanese. Some coverage on the withdrawal from Kiska. (Edited, Reproduced, 85 pages)
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No. 89 NORTHERN AREA NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVY (February 1943 - August 1945) Defense Operations An account of the Northern Area Force (5th Fleet and 12th Air Fleet) in its mission of protecting, reinforcing, and supplying Attu and Kiska. Covers loss of Attu and evacuation of Kiska. Includes information on the establishment of the Northeast Area Force (Naval) and preparations for the defense of Hokkaido and the Kuril Islands. (Unedited translation, 72 pages) No. 90 THE "A-GO" OPERATIONS NAVY (May - June 1944) Defense Operations Describes the reorganization and concentration of the Combined Fleet and all available naval air power in the Central and South Pacific in an all-out effort to deal the U.S. Navy a decisive blow. Includes a brief discussion of the KON Operations, a joint Army-Navy attempt to reinforce Biak. (Unedited translation. 63 pages) No. 91 THE "A-GO" OPERATIONS LOG, Supplement NAVY (May - June 1944) Defense Operations Covers same period and virtually same material as No. 90 in daily journal format. (Unedited translation. 25 pages) No. 92 SOUTHWEST AREA NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVY (April 1942 - April 1944) Consolidation Covers Army and Navy Agreements for occupation duties and defense preparations in Burma, Java, Malaya, Sumatra, and the Indian Ocean area. Some information on the establishment and maintenance of air bases in the Netherlands East Indies and western New Guinea, with subsequent air attacks on northern Australia. (Unedited translation, 31 pages) No. 93 MIDWAY OPERATIONS NAVY (May - June 1942) Offensive Operations An outline of naval plans and preparations for the invasion off Midway and the Aleutians, together with the subsequent naval engagement in the Midway area. Shows relationship between Midway and Aleutians operations. Poorly translated, some repetition of material contained in No. 88, but fleet composition and organization is well covered. (Unedited translation, 91 pages)
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No. 94 IWO JIMA OPERATION NAVAL AIR FORCE (February - March 1945) Defense Operations A very brief description of the defense of Iwo Jima by Army and Navy units, with particular reference to the 3d Air Fleet. Written from the level of the Navy General Command, few operational details are supplied. (Unedited translation, 24 pages) No. 95 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS IN NAVY THE PHILIPPINES AREA Defense Operations (September 1944 - March 1945) A detailed description of operations in the Philippines area during the Battle of the Philippine Sea. An account of submarine operations in the Caroline and Molucca Islands as well as at Iwo Jima. Primarily an account of missions, assignments, bases, and estimates of damage inflicted. Better than average organization and translation. (Unedited translation. 30 pages) No. 96 EASTERN NEW GUINEA INVASION NAVY OPERATIONS Invasion Operations (March - September 1942) Brief coverage of Army-Navy cooperation in the invasion of Lae, Salamaua, and Buna. Includes some coverage of the Milne Bay Operation, (Edited, Reproduced, 13 pages) No. 97 PEARL HARBOR OPERATIONS: GENERAL NAVY OUTLINE OF ORDERS AND PLANS Offensive Operations (5 November - 2 December 1941) Monograph consists primarily of a series of thirteen orders and directives issued by the Naval General Staff, the Combined Fleet, and the Carrier Striking Force concerning the attack on Pearl Harbor. Appendix contains general instructions for operations and actions after the outbreak of the war. (Edited, Reproduced, 31 pages)
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No. 98 SOUTHEAST AREA NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVY Part I Defense Operations An account of naval operations in the Solomon Islands area, including efforts to land reinforcements and supplies on Guadalcanal and to aid Army operations by naval gunfire and air support. Covers withdrawal from Guadalcanal and assistance rendered by the Navy. Some coverage on Army operations in Eastern New Guinea: Port Moresby, Lae, Salamaua, and Buna. Better organized and written than most unedited studies. (Unedited translation, 68 pages) No. 99 SOUTHEAST AREA NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVY Part II Defense Operations (February - October 1943) Describes joint Army-Navy operations in defense of the Central Solomons areas and the Lae-Salamaua-Finschhafen areas of Eastern New Guinea. Covers the unsuccessful major air offensive launched in an effort to neutralize U.S. air power in the Southeast Area. Describes partially successful efforts to reinforce and supply Army and Navy ground units in the Solomon Islands. (Unedited translation, 73 pages) No. 100 SOUTHEAST AREA NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVAL AIR FORCE Part III Defense Operations (October 1943 - February 1944) Covers naval air operations in Eastern New Guinea, the Solomon, Bismarck, and Admiralty Islands. Includes description of plans and preparations for defense of the area and gives some data on troop transfers and movements accomplished by the Navy. Air operations are presented in daily journal format, giving combat results for each period. Fairly well written and translated, but badly organized. (Unedited translation, 67 pages) No. 101 NAVAL OPERATIONS IN THE INVASION NAVY OF NETHERLANDS EAST INDIES Invasion Operation (December 1941 - March 1942) Naval escort and air support furnished the Army in the taking of Borneo, the Celebes, Java, and Sumatra. Covers naval landing operations and surface battles against the British, Dutch, and U.S. Navies. Fairly well written and translated. (Unedited translation, 40 pages plus maps)
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No. 102 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS NAVY (December 1941 - April 1942) Offensive Operations Covers attack on Pearl Harbor and describes subsequent submarine operation in U.S. coastal waters, including use of midget submarines. Brief coverage of 6th Fleet (Submarine Force) operations in the Central Pacific, Netherlands East Indies, Malaya, the Philippines, and the Indian Ocean. Includes charts showing submarine types and specifications. (Edited, reproduced, 57 pages) No. 103 OUTLINE OF ADMINISTRATION ARMY IN OCCUPIED AREAS Consolidation (1942 - 1945) Very generalized description of military administration in Malaya, Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Burma, the Philippines, and Hong Kong. Discusses broad aspects of economic and occupation problems without giving details of solutions. (Unedited translation, 86 pages) No. 104 SOURCES OF MATERIALS USED IN ARMY PREPARATION 0F JAPANESE MONOGRAPHS (ARMY) This is not actually a monograph-merely a listing of former Japanese Army and Navy officers who contributed to the monograph program and a record of sources of data used in the Army monographs. No. 105 GENERAL SUMMARY OF NAVAL NAVY OPERATIONS, SOUTHERN FORCE Offensive Operations (November 1941 - April 1942) A brief synopsis of naval plane and preparations for operations in the South Pacific Area prepared prior to the outbreak of war. Some data on initial invasions showing naval participation and assistance. (Edited, Reproduced, 12 pages)
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No. 106 NAVAL OPERATIONS AGAINST NAVY SOVIET RUSSIA Plans and Preparations (1941 - 1945) In spite of the title, this monograph is not a record of naval operations, but a brief discussion of naval plans to be implemented to defend Japan against Soviet aggression if war should break out while Japan was engaged in its own aggression in the South Pacific. A small amount of information on Soviet attacks subsequent to 9 August 1945. (Edited, Reproduced, 23 pages) No. 107 MALAYA INVASION NAVAL OPERATIONS (Revised) NAVY (December 1941 - February 1942) Invasion Operations Describes the invasion of Malaya from the Navy viewpoint. Brief accounts of the amphibious landing and naval support of ground operations. Record, the sinking of the Repulse and the Prince of Wales. Numerous charts showing various task force organizations. (Edited, Reproduced, 62 pages) No. 108 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS IN FIRST NAVY PHASE OPERATIONS Offensive Operations (December 1941 - April 1942) An extremely brief account of submarine activities in the Pacific and Indian Ocean areas. Too general to be of real value. (Unedited translation, 5 pages) No. 109 HOMELAND DEFENSE NAVAL NAVY OPERATIONS, Part I Plans and Preparation. (December 1941 - March 1943) Description of naval plans and preparations for the defense of Japan. Includes coverage of Doolittle raid as well as naval operations in the Aleutians. Little material on combat operations but much information on the organization of the Japanese Navy. (Edited, Reproduced, 24 pages) No. 110 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS IN SECOND NAVY PHASE OPERATIONS, Part I Offensive Operations (April - August 1942) A description of submarine operations in the Aleutians, South Pacific, Indian Ocean, and Midway. Includes data on the reorganization of the 6th Fleet (Submarine Force) and agreements with Germany regarding submarine operations in the Indian Ocean. (Edited, Reproduced, 48 pages)
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No. 111 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS IN SECOND NAVY PHASE OPERATIONS, Part II Defense Operations (August 1942 - March 1943) Covers virtually all areas of the Pacific, although primary coverage is devoted to operations in the Guadalcanal area. Describes efforts to prevent landing of U.S. reinforcements, attempts to supply Japanese troops on the island, and assistance rendered in the withdrawal from Guadalcanal. (Unedited translation. 59 pages) No. 112 SOUTHEAST AREA NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVY Part IV Defense Operations (February - April 1944) Although listed as a naval study, major portion of text is devoted to Army operations and problems. Reviews operations in the Solomons, New Britain, and Northeast New Guinea in a broad and general manner. Study is of doubtful historical value, (Unedited translation, 19 pages) No. 113 TASK FORCE OPERATIONS NAVAL AIR FORCE (November 1941 - April 1942) Offensive Operation An account of naval air attacks and task force operations against Pearl Harbor, Northern Australia, Netherlands East Indies, and in the Indian Ocean area. Written in expanded outline format, monograph gives little detailed material on combat operations but merely mentions engagements and tabulated results. Numerous organizational charts show composition of various task forces. (Unedited translation, 90 pages) No. 114 PHILIPPINE AREA NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVY Part IV Defense Operations (January - August 1945) A description of the operations of naval land forces in defence of Luzon: Manila, Corregidor, and Clark Field. No naval engagements. (Edited, Reproduced, 39 pages) No. 115 BORNEO AREA NAVAL OPERATION, 1945 NAVY (February - July 1945) Defense Operations A very brief account of the reorganization of what was left of the naval forces in the South Pacific after the Battle of the Philippine Sea. Describes the defense and loss of Tarakan and Balikpapan by the 23d Naval Base Force. (Edited, reproduced, 7 pages)
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No. 116 THE IMPERIAL JAPANESE NAVY NAVY IN WORLD WAR II (1941 - 1945) Not a narrative-type monograph, but a valuable reference work showing organizations and reorganizations of the Japanese Navy during World War II. Lists, by name, each combatant and noncombatant vessel sunk or heavily damaged, including the location of the sinking and the cause. (Edited, Reproduced, 279 pages) No. 117 OUTLINE OF THIRD PHASE OPERATIONS NAVY (February 1943 - August 1945) Defense Operations Very general, although comprehensive, coverage of the defence plans, preparations, and operations from the time of the Guadalcanal withdrawal to the final surrender. Gives over-all situation but furnishes little material on combat operations. An excellent general review of the Japanese naval situation in the latter part of World War II. (Unedited translation, 44 pages) No. 118 OPERATIONAL HISTORY OF NAVY NAVAL COMMUNICATIONS (December 1941 - August 1945) A technical discussion of the development, improvement, and use of communication facilities in the Japanese Navy during World War II. Covers experiments and research, codes and cryptography, and radar development. Furnishes some data on ship-to-ship and ship-to-shore visual and radio communication, Discusses use of VLF (Very Low Frequency) submarine communications systems and special communications plans for various operations and actions. (Edited, Reproduced, 407 pages) No. 119 OUTLINE OF OPERATIONS PRIOR TO THE NAVY TERMINATION OF WAR AND ACTIVITIES Surrender CONNECTED WITH THE CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES (July - August 1945) A general description of the last weeks of the war, as the Army and Navy sought to prepare for an invasion of Japan. Covers the acceptance of the Potsdam Declaration and the decision to surrender. Appendixes contain a series of Imperial Rescripts ending the war. (Edited, Reproduced, 31 pages)
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No. 120 OUTLINE OF SOUTHEAST AREA NAVAL AIR FORCE NAVAL AIR OPERATIONS Invasion Operations Part I (December 1941 - August 1942) A record of naval air operations in the Bismarck Archipelago, the Solomon Islands, and Eastern New Guinea invasions. Covers patrol activity and attacks on Port Morseby. Daily operational charts give details of sorties flown by the 25th Air Flotilla (later the 5th Air Attack Group). (Unedited translation, 55 pages) No. 121 OUTLINES OF SOUTHEAST AREA NAVAL AIR FORCE NAVAL AIR OPERATIONS Offensive Operations Part II (August - October 1942) Outlines air operations, including patrol activities, of naval air units over Guadalcanal, Eastern New Guinea, Rabi, and Port Moresby. Written in daily journal format. (Unedited translation, 45 pages) No. 122 OUTLINES OF SOUTHEAST AREA NAVAL AIR FORCE NAVAL AIR OPERATIONS Defensive Operations Part III (November 1942 - June 1943) Outlines naval air operations and patrol activities undertaken in an effort to assist the Army units on Guadalcanal by attacking U.S. installations and covering withdrawal of Japanese forces. Some coverage of attacks on Milne Bay, Rabi, Port Moresby, and other areas of Eastern New Guinea. Written in daily Journal format. (Unedited translation, 63 pages) No. 123 HOMELAND DEFENSE NAVAL NAVY OPERATIONS, Part II Defense Operations (March 1943 - August 1945) An account of the plans, preparations, and operations of the Japanese Navy to defend Japan proper, on both the mainland and by attacking U.S. bases and task forces. Very little coverage of combat operations, but strong on orders, plans, and directives of naval units. (Unedited translation, 138 pages)
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No. 124 HOMELAND DEFENSE NAVAL NAVAL AIR FORCE OPERATIONS, Part III Defense Operations (June 1944 - August 1945) An account of the naval air defense of Japan against raids by land-based and carrier-borne aircraft. Also covers air and submarine raids against U.S. bases. Written partly in daily journal format, gives information on losses and estimated results of air combat operations, (Unedited translation, 58 pages) No. 125 SURFACE ESCORT OPERATIONS NAVY (December 1941 - August 1945) Over-all Operations A discussion of the efforts to provide naval escorts for troop and freight convoys. Written from the Shipping Command headquarters level, provides little information on actual escort experiences, but is primarily concerned with organizations and plans. Contains comprehensive organizational charts and some information on shipping losses. (Unedited translation, 16 pages) No. 126 BORNEO OPERATIONS RECORD Volume II Deleted, material included in No. 26 (Revised). No. 127 SOUTHEAST AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Part IV Defense Operations (November 1942 - August 1945) Covers plane and preparations for defense of Eastern New Guinea, the Solomon, Bismarck, and Admiralty Islands by the Eighth Area Army. Written from the level of the area army headquarters, study covers supply operations, reassignments, and movements of subordinate units of the 17th and 18th Armies. Fairly well written and translated but poorly organized. Much duplication of Nos. 37 to 41. (Unedited translation, 200 pages) No. 128 SOUTHEAST AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Supplement, Part IV Defense Operations (September 1943 - April 1944) A vague account of the operations of the 17th Division, including movement to and defense of western New Britain and subsequent withdrawal to Rabaul. (Unedited translation, 41 pages)
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No. 129 CHINA AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY COMMAND OF THE CHINA Offensive Operations EXPEDITIONARY ARMY (August 1943 - August 1945) Covers the prosecution by the China Expeditionary Army of the Ichi-Go Operation, an attempt to (1) destroy air bases being used by U.S. planes; (2) reopen and maintain rail communications between north and south China; and (3) crush the Chungking regime and bring an end to fighting in all of China. Latter portion of study is devoted to an account of the fortifying and strengthening of key defense areas on the China coast to forestall the anticipated establishment of invasion bases by the United States. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 201 pages) No. 130 BURMA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY SIXTH AREA ARMY OPERATIONS Offensive Operations (July 1944 - August 1945) An account of the activation of the Sixth Area Army and its activities in connection with the Ichi-Go Operation: attempts to destroy U.S. air bases and maintain north-south transportation routes. Primarily concerned with 11th and 25th Armies' operations and logistical problems. Latter part describes withdrawal from interior areas to reinforce coastal defense. (Edited, Reproduced, 126 pages) No. 131 BURMA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY OPERATIONS IN HUKAWNG AREA Defense Operations (August 1943 - July 1944) An account of the efforts of the 18th Division to hold northern Burma add protect the rear areas of the 15th Army at Imphal and the 56th Division on the Yunnan Front. Some duplication of coverage in Nos. 134 and 148. (Unedited translation, 68 pages) No. 132 BURMA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY 28TH ARMY OPERATIONS IN Defense Operations AKYAB AREA (Revised) (November 1943 - September 1945) Covers operations in southwestern Burma, from the Irrawaddy River west to the Bay of Bengal and from India south to Rangoon. Efforts of the 28th Army to hold against the British southward advance from India. Describes Northern Arakan, Kaladan, Mai, and Kan Operations and the withdrawal of the 28th Army from the coastal area to the Sittang River. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 212 pages)
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No. 133 BURMA OPERATIONS RECORD, OUTLINE ARMY OF BURMA AREA LINE OF COMMUNICATIONS Logistic Operations (1943 - 1945) General review of supply and transportation problems encountered in the initial invasion of Burma as well as in subsequent operations. Although study is poorly edited it contains a number of useful maps and charts. (Edited, Reproduced, 41 pages) No. 134 BURMA OPERATIONS RECORD, 15TH ARMY ARMY OPERATIONS IN IMPHAL AREA AND Over-all Operations WITHDRAWAL TO NORTHERN BURMA (Revised) (January 1943 - January 1945) Covers defense of northern Burma, including plans to strengthen defensive line by capturing Imphal. Describes Imphal Operation, its failure, and the subsequent withdrawal of the 15th Army to the Irrawaddy River, Some information on the Hukawng Valley and Salween River Operations as well as the Wingate airborne invasion. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 191 pages) No. 135 OKINAWA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (March - June 1945) Defense Operations A detailed account of the plans, preparations, and operations of the 32d Army in defense of Okinawa. Much of study is written in daily journal format, giving day-by-day account of movements and actions. Also contains description of air operations conducted by the 8th Air Division. (Unedited translation, 265 pages) No. 136 NORTH OF AUSTRALIA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (January 1944 - August 1945) Defense Operations An account of the 36th Division in defense of the Wakde - Maffin Bay area, Sarmi and Biak. Cites supply difficulties and gives details of efforts to achieve a degree of self-sustenance, by establishment of farms, etc. Includes efforts of the Second Area Army to reinforce Biak with the 2d Amphibious Brigade. Written in expanded journal format, study is well illustrated with many maps and situation sketches. (Unedited translation, 84 pages)
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No. 137 PHILIPPINES OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Phase III, Volume IV, GENERAL Defense Operations OUTLINE OF MINDORO OPERATIONS (September 1944 - August 1945) A very brief description of operations of two infantry companies of the 8th Division, which were virtually wiped out in defending Mindoro and Lubang Islands. (Edited, Reproduced, 10 pages) No. 138 JAPANESE PREPARATIONS FOR ARMY OPERATIONS IN MANCHURIA Plans and Preparations (January, 1943 - August 1945) Primarily an account of attempts to build the Kwantung Army and to prepare defenses against the USSR in the face of tremendous troop levies being made to bolster Japan's defenses in other areas. Little material on combat operations, but strong on plans and preparations. (Edited, Reproduced, 190 pages) No. 139 OUTLINE OF SOUTH SEAS NAVAL NAVY OPERATIONS AND GENERAL SITUATION Invasion Operations (December 1941 - March 1943) A very general description of naval operations, both surface and air, in support of the invasions of Guam, Lae, and Salamaua. Few details of combat operations and so general as to be of doubtful value. (Unedited translation, 23 pages) No. 140 OUTLINE OF SOUTHEAST AREA NAVAL NAVAL AIR FORCE AIR OPERATIONS, Part IV Offensive Operations (July - November 1943) Describes air operations principally in the Solomon Islands with some additional information on missions in the Bismarck Archipelago and Eastern New Guinea. Written in daily journal format, records reconnaissance and operational flights showing number of planes involved, losses, and estimated results of sorties. Little description of combat operations. (Unedited translation, 84 pages)
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No. 141 OKINAWA AREA NAVAL OPERATIONS Supplement (January - August 1945) Deleted, combined with No. 83. No. 142 OUTLINE OF SOUTHEAST AREA NAVAL AIR NAVAL AIR FORCE OPERATIONS, Part V Defense Operations (December 1943 - May 1944) A general review of operations in the entire Southeast Area, ending with the conversion of the air force to ground units after all aircraft had either been expended or transferred. Appendix contains review and critique of Japanese air operations in the Southeast Area by Capt. (N) Miyazaki of the 25th Air Flotilla staff. (Unedited translation, 63 pages) No. 143 SOUTHEAST AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Part I Invasion Operations (January - May 1942) An account of the organization of the South Seas Detachment and its operations in connection with the capture of Rabaul and occupation of Now Britain. Also covers invasion of Lae and Salamaua and preparations for movement against Port Moresby. Poorly written and lacking in detailed information. (Unedited translation, 19 pages) No. 144 POLITICAL STRATEGY PRIOR TO OUTBREAK OF WAR, Part I (September 1931 - January 1940) Although written by ex-naval personnel and previously listed as naval monographs, only one of the series of five Political Strategy monographs has any appreciable connection with naval operations. This study discusses the China Incident and the program of concurrent military operations and negotiations undertaken to effect a termination of hostilities. Covers the Canton and Hainan Island operations and the sinking of the Panay, Also included is some slight coverage of the Manchuria and Nomonhan Incidents, Appendixes contain statements of national and military policy as well as over-all plans for defeating the Nationalist Chinese Armies and overthrowing the Chungking Government. (Edited, Reproduced, 98 pages)
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No. 145 OUTLINE OF NAVAL ARMAMENT AND NAVY PREPARATIONS FOR WAR, Part I Plans and Preparations (1922 - 1934) Naval plans and preparations, including construction of vessels and aircraft. Covers Japanese participation in international conferences and naval limitation agreements. Discusses establishment of 1st and 2d Naval Armament Replenishment Plans. (Edited, Reproduced, 61 pages) No. 146 POLITICAL STRATEGY PRIOR TO OUTBREAK OF WAR, Part II (January - December 1940) Reviews situation in China and discusses Japan's deteriorating relations with the United States and Great Britain. Also discusses the Tripartite Pact (Japan-Germany-Italy) and the political maneuvering incident to the signing of the agreement. Contains a calendar of principal events during 1940. (Edited, Reproduced, 56 pages) No. 147 POLITICAL STRATEGY PRIOR TO OUTBREAK OF WAR, Part III (January - December 1941) A detailed discussion of U.S.-Japanese negotiations conducted prior to Pearl Harbor. Explains Japan's occupation of French Indo-China and gives a statement of Japan's Far East policy. Discusses the effect of U.S. Lend-Lease policies on Japan as well as the impact of the Japan-USSR nonaggression pact on the United States, Great Britain, and Axis nations. Also includes Hideki Tojo's personal explanation of Japan's decision to go to war with the United States, Great Britain, and the Netherlands. (Edited, Reproduced, 11 pages) No. 148 BURMA AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY 33rd ARMY OPERATIONS (Revised) Defense Operations (April 1944 - August 1945) An account of the formation of the 33rd Army to conduct operations against the Chinese Yunnan Expeditionary Force and to prevent the link-up of India and China via an overland route. Covers the Army's prosecution of the Dan Operation, its entry into the Ban Operation, and its subsequent efforts to protect the 28th Army in its breakout from the Pegu Mountains.
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No. 149 OUTLINE OF NAVAL ARMAMENT AND NAVY Part II Plans and Preparations (1934 - 1939) A continuation of No. 145, shows acceleration of naval construction program due to outbreak of China Incident. Discusses 3d and 4th Naval Armament Replenishment Plans. (Edited, Reproduced, 37 pages) No. 150 POLITICAL STRATEGY PRIOR TO OUTBREAK OF WAR, Part IV (January - December 1941) Covers same period as No. 47, but furnishes more details of Japanese Government conferences and discusses decision to go to war more exhaustively. (Edited, Reproduced, 121 pages) No. 151 AIR OPERATIONS RECORD AGAINST ARMY AIR FORCE SOVIET RUSSIA Plans and Preparations (June 1941 - September 1945) An account of the formation, build-up, and subsequent weakening through transfer of units, of the 2d Air Army in Manchuria. Some data on operations against Soviet forces in August 1945. Appendixes contain lists of units activated, assigned, and transferred in and out of the 2d Air Army. (Edited, Reproduced, 65 pages) No. 152 POLITICAL STRATEGY PRIOR TO NAVY OUTBREAK OF WAR, Part V Plans and Preparations (1940 - 1941) Although titled, Political Strategy, this study is actually a review of the plans and preparations of the Imperial Japanese Navy for war in the Pacific. Only a few pages are devoted to a review of the political events of the period. Study contains an excellent organizational chart of the Combined Fleet and gives the complete Navy plan for the conquest of the Southern and Central Pacific Ocean areas. (Edited, Reproduced, 148 pages)
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No. 153 HOMELAND OPERATIONS RECORD, Volume IV ARMY OPERATIONS IN KARAFUTO AND CHINA Defense Operations AREA (9 August - 22 August 1945) Describes minor engagements which developed when the USSR invaded Karafuto and the Kuril Islands. Information on the surrender, disarmament, and deportation of Japanese troops to Siberia. Some data on defense plans and preparations, troop movements, and reorganization of command prior to Soviet invasion. (Edited, Reproduced without maps, 69 pages) No. 154 RECORD OF OPERATIONS AGAINST SOVIET ARMY RUSSIA, EASTERN FRONT Defense Operations (August 1945) A series of studies covering plans and preparations of each of ten Kwantung Army units for the defense of Eastern Manchuria. Brief descriptions of defensive operations conducted in August 1945 are included. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 346 pages) No. 155 RECORD OF OPERATIONS AGAINST SOVIET RUSSIA ARMY NORTHERN AND WESTERN FRONTS Defense Operations (August - September 1945) Similar to No. 154 in covering plans, preparations, and operations of sixteen Kwantung Army units. Appendix contains lists of units and commanders, casualty and repatriation figures, and information on Soviet prison camps. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 281 pages) No. 156 HISTORICAL REVIEW OF LANDING OPERATIONS ARMY OF JAPANESE FORCES Offensive Operations (1904 - 1945) A general review of principles and policies for the conduct of landing operations. No detailed information on landings or amphibious military operations, but a broad discussion of types of transports required, naval escorts needed, loading and unloading techniques, air cover, and organization of the Shipping Transport Command, (Edited, Reproduced, 50 pages)
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No. 157 HOMELAND AIR DEFENSE OPERATIONS ARMY AIR FORCE RECORD (Revised) Defense Operations (July 1944 - August 1945) Covers organization of the air defense forces, including the Air General Army. Special attention is given to a description of the efforts made to combat B - 29 raids. Gives diagrams of radar nets and discusses inability of Japanese radar equipment to adjust to the flexible operational methods of the U.S. Air Corps. Air raid warning nets and locations of military and civilian lookout posts are given as are locations of airfields. Discusses pilot training, organization, and transfers of units. Material from Nos. 158 and 159 has been included. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 167 pages) No. 158 HOMELAND AIR DEFENSE OPERATIONS RECORD CENTRAL SECTOR Deleted, material included with No. 157. No. 159 HOMELAND AIR DEFENSE OPERATIONS RECORD WESTERN SECTOR Deleted, material included with No. 157. No. 160 OUTLINE OF NAVAL ARMAMENT AND NAVY PREPARATIONS FOR WAR, Part III Plans and Preparations (1939 -1941) Follows No. 149 and describes further acceleration of naval construction program due to decision to go to war against the United States and Great Britain. Discusses the 5th Naval Armament Replenishment Plan as well as the supplementary Naval Armament Plan. (Edited, Reproduced, 46 pages) No. 161 INNER SOUTH SEA ISLANDS AREA NAVAL NAVY OPERATIONS, Part I, GILBERT ISLANDS Offensive Operations (November 1941 - November 1943) Activities of the South Seas Force (principally the 4th Fleet) in the seizure of the Gilbert Islands and the build-up of defenses in the Gilbert and Marshall Islands. General naval operations in the Central Pacific area and the defense of Makin and Tarawa are also reviewed. Study has been lightly edited and is poorly organized. Appendix contains Combined Fleet plans and orders for initial Southern Operations. (Edited, 137 pages)
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No. 162 SOUTHWEST AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (April 1944 - August 1945) Defense Operations An account of the establishment of the Seventh Area Army to control the Malaya, Borneo, Java, and Sumatra areas with the 16th, 25th, 29th, and 39th Armies. No military operations are described but detailed-information is furnished on the use of Malaya as a logistical base for the Southern Area. Also discusses the attempts of the Seventh Area Army to supply other areas; ship raw materials to Japan, and prepare for the defense of its zone of responsibility. (Unedited translation, 186 pages) No. 163 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS IN THIRD NAVY PHASE OPERATIONS, Part I Offensive Operations (March - November 1943) An account of submarine operations in the Southeast Pacific, Indian Ocean, Aleutians, and U.S. coastal waters. Organization of Submarine Forces, missions, and results of operations are given. Study includes brief account of evacuation of Kiska Garrison and a meeting with a German submarine in the Indian Ocean. (Unedited translation, 65 pages) No. 164 RAILWAY OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (1941 - 1945) Transportation Operations A general description of railway operations in Japan and the occupied countries, including Korea and Manchuria. Primarily devoted to describing control agencies and organization of railroads for military use. Also covers construction of the Burma-Thailand Railroad and the militarization of rail lines in Japan. (Unedited translation, 209 pages) No. 165 JAVA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Part II Plans and Preparations (Early 1944 - August 1945) A summarization of the 16th Army plans and preparations for the defense of the Java area. Since no defense was required, this study is of doubtful interest and value. Primary contribution is its indication of the Japanese-Indonesian attitude. (Unedited translation, 27 pages)
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No. 166 CHINA INCIDENT NAVAL AIR NAVAL AIR FORCE OPERATIONS Offensive Operations (July - November 1937) Air operations of the 1st and 2d Combined Naval Air Groups in support of ground forces in the China operations of 1937. Primarily concerned with operations in Central and Southern China with only a few references to Army operations in the north. Written in daily journal format, shows number of sorties flown, results accomplished, and losses incurred. (Unedited translation, 205 pages) No. 167 MALAY OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (January 1944 - August 1945) Defense Preparations Covers the organization of the 29th Army, and its mission of defending the Malay Peninsula. Includes plans and preparations for defense, with emphasis on logistical problems encountered, together with reorganization of forces, reinforcements, and the efforts of the Inspectorate of Military Administration to strengthen the Japanese position by winning the support of the local populace. (Unedited translation, 52 pages) No. 168 HOMELAND ANTIAIRCRAFT DEFENSE ARMY OPERATIONS RECORD, TOKAI SECTOR Defense Preparations (December 1944 - August 1945) Reviews Development of antiaircraft defenses in Tokai (East Coast) Sector from 1941 to end of 1944. Discusses plans and preparations made between the end of 1944 and the end of the war for the defense of Nagoya and the surrounding area. (Unedited translation, 92 pages) No. 169 OUTLINE OF NAVAL ARMAMENT AND NAVY PREPARATIONS FOR WAR, Part IV Naval Construction (1942) Gives details on wartime naval construction, including build-up of naval air strength. Discusses plans for future naval construction under 5th Naval Armament Replenishment Plan. (Edited, Reproduced, 62 pages)
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No. 170 HOMELAND ANTIAIRCRAFT DEFENSE ARMY OPERATIONS RECORD KANTO SECTOR Defense Preparations (June 1944 - August 1945) Reviews development of antiaircraft defenses in Kanto (Tokyo) Sector from 1941 to mid-1944. Particular emphasis is laid on plans and preparations as well as the actual antiaircraft defense of the Tokyo-Kawasaki-Yokohama industrial and governmental complex. (Unedited translation, 91 pages) No. 171 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS IN THIRD NAVY PHASE OPERATIONS, Part II Offensive Operations (November 1943 - March 1944) An account of submarine operations in the Central and Southeast Pacific areas. Organizations and dispositions of forces adopted in efforts to cut U.S. supply lines and attack invasion forces. Attack of Truk by a U.S. task force and subsequent submarine operations against the task force are also included. (Unedited translation, 67 pages) No. 172 OUTLINE OF NAVAL ARMAMENT AND NAVY PREPARATIONS FOR WAR, Part V Naval Construction (March 1943 - April 1945) Describes the efforts of the Japanese Navy to effect replacement of material and personnel losses. Reviews warship production for period 1942 - 45. (Edited, Reproduced, 79 pages) No. 173 INNER SOUTH SEAS ISLANDS AREA NAVY NAVAL OPERATIONS, Part II Defense Operations MARSHALL ISLANDS (December 1941 - February 1944) Describes efforts to defend the Marshall Islands against U.S. air attacks. Appendix contains daily journal with entries from period 23 November 1943 to 1 March 1944, also charts on ship movements and losses in the area. A sequel to No. 161. (Unedited translation, 109 pages)
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No. 174 OUTLINE OF NAVAL ARMAMENT AND NAVY PREPARATIONS FOR WAR, Part VI Defense Operations (March - June 1945) Plans for final defense of Japan by use of special attack (suicide) planes, boats, manned torpedoes, and submarines. Cites construction figures for 1944 and 1945, showing estimates for requirements of special attack equipment. (Edited, Reproduced, 108 pages) No. 175 HOMELAND ANTIAIRCRAFT DEFENSE ARMY OPERATIONS RECORD, CENTRAL SECTOR Defense Preparations (September 1944 - July 1945) Traces development of antiaircraft defenses in Central Sector from 1941 to 1944. Places particular emphasis on defense of Osaka and Kobe. Cites problems of radar, shortage of ammunition and weapons. Describes U.S. air raids. (Unedited translation, 56 pages) No. 176 HOMELAND ANTIAIRCRAFT DEFENSE OPERATIONS ARMY RECORD, WESTERN SECTOR Defense Preparations (June 1944 - August 1945) Reviews development of antiaircraft defense of Western Sector from 1941 to mid-1944. Places particular emphasis on plans, preparations, and actual defense of Kokura and Yawata. Some coverage of operations of the 4th AAA Division in preparing to defend Kyushyu against invasion. (Unedited translation, 80 pages) No. 177 THAILAND OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (1941 - 1945) Over-all Operations Covers relations between Japan and Thailand before, during, and after the start of the Pacific War. Describes Thailand's political strategy and gives details of the Japanese use of that country as a logistical base for Burma operations. Includes plans and preparations for defense and the development of the Thailand Garrison Army, the 39th Army, and the 18th Area Army. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 37 pages)
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No. 178 NORTH CHINA AREA OPERATIONS ARMY (July 1937 - May 1941) Offensive Operations An account of the outbreak of the China Incident and the efforts of the North China Area Army to bring it to a speedy conclusion. Includes operations in Northeast China and along the Mongolian border. Punitive expeditions, mop-ups, and formation of garrison units are described in some detail. Organization charts and map coverage are excellent. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 363 pages) No. 179 CENTRAL CHINA AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (1937 - 1941) Offensive Operations Operations of the Central China Area Army and its successor, the Central China Expeditionary Army, in the area between Shanghai and Hangkou. Gives details of more than twenty operations conducted by the Japanese forces in efforts to occupy and pacify the Central China area. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 269 pages) No. 180 SOUTH CHINA AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (1937 - 1941) Offensive Operations Covers the invasion of Canton and Hainan Island by the 21st Army and includes subsequent operations conducted by the army and its successor unit, the South China Area Army, to cut Chiang Kai-shek's supply lines. Describes operations along the borders of Hong Kong, Macau, and French Indo-China culminating in occupation of the latter area. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 132 pages) No. 184 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS IN THIRD PHASE NAVY OPERATIONS Parts III, IV, and V Defense Operations (March 1944 - August 1945) A detailed account of submarine operations in all areas of the Pacific with charts showing losses during quarterly periods. Some information on reorganization of the Submarine Force and employment of suicide tactics with midget submarines. Appendix contains much information on construction, losses, strength, and final dispositions of individual submarines after termination of war. (Partially edited, 237 pages)
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No. 185 SUMATRA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY 25TH ARMY Over-all Operations (march 1942 - August 1945) A brief, but fairly comprehensive, review of the operations of the 25th Army in Malaya and Sumatra. Covers invasion of Sumatra and preparations for defense. (Edited, Reproduced, 18 pages)
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5. List and Description of Japanese Studies on Manchuria, including Japanese Night Combat Study Vol. I JAPANESE OPERATIONAL PLANNING ARMY AGAINST THE USSR Plans and Preparations (1932 - 1945) A discussion of various plans and defensive concepts developed by the Kwantung Army to be employed in possible operations against the USSR. Strengths of both Japanese and Soviet forces are shown as well as estimates o strength which could become available in the event of the development of hostilities. Describes changes in defense concepts as influenced by the changing world situation: the outbreak of the German-Soviet War, the Pacific War, and the deterioration of the Japanese military situation. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 191 pages) Vol. II IMPERIAL JAPANESE ARMY IN MANCHURIA ARMY (1894 - 1945) Historical Summary A general history of Japanese Army Operations in Manchuria and Korea. Starting with a description of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894 - 95, continues through the Russo-Japanese War of 1904 - 05, the Manchurian Incident of 1931 - 33, and concludes with the Soviet attack on Manchuria in August 1945. Included in the appendix are details of the Treaty of 1905 ending the Russo-Japanese War. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 107 pages) Vol. III STRATEGIC STUDY ON MANCHURIA ARMY MILITARY TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHY Terrain Study This volume is divided into four parts, as follows: Part 1 Covers the history, strategic importance, and terrain of Manchuria in general. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 90 pages) Part 2 Describes terrain, transportation facilities, economy, and strategic considerations affecting operations in Southern, Central, and Northern Manchuria. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 96 pages)
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Part 3 Same coverage as Part 2, for Southeast, East, and Northeast Manchuria. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 156 pages) Part 4 Same coverage as Part 2 for Northwest, West, and Southwest Manchuria. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 93 pages) Vol. IV AIR OPERATIONS ARMY AIR FORCE (1931 - 1945) Plans and Preparations A discussion of plans and preparations for air operations against the USSR before and during the Pacific War. Includes description of combat operations in the Manchurian and Nomonhan Incidents. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 129 pages) Vol. V INFANTRY OPERATIONS ARMY The title of this study is misleading in that it is not, primarily, a study of infantry operations. Rather, it is a study of infantry organization, training, tactical principles, and equipment. Although it refers specifically to the army in Manchuria, much of the material is equally applicable to the entire Japanese Army. Appendixes contain statement of Japanese defense concept (general) and the Field Service Code designed to serve as a guide to the Japanese soldier. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 119 pages) Vol. VI ARMOR OPERATIONS ARMY As in the case of Volume V, this is not an operational study, but a discussion of the formation of armored units in Manchuria. Emphasis is laid on the peculiar problems presented by the weather and terrain of Manchuria. Only a few pages are devoted to combat operations, the greater portion being a discussion of tactics, organization, and equipment, (Rewritten, Reproduced, 114 pages)
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Vol. VII SUPPORTING ARMS AND SERVICES ARMY This volume is divided into two parts, as described below. Part 1 Artillery and Antiaircraft Artillery Operations In spite of the title, this study contains little material on combat operations, although there is some coverage of the Nomonhan Incident. Emphasis is on organization, employment, training, and equipment of artillery and antiaircraft artillery units in Manchuria. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 150 pages) Part 2 -- Engineer, Signal and Railway Operations As in Part 1, study contains little military operational material. Discusses organization, employment, and types of engineer and signal units. Gives details on organization of military rail transportation services with much information on rail lines and depots in Manchuria. (Rewritten, 147 pages) Vol. VIII LOGISTICS IN MANCHURIA ARMY A very comprehensive study covering the strategic aspects of terrain, natural resources, weather, and population of Manchuria. Some overlapping with Volume III, although no actual duplication. Discusses transportation, including capabilities of ports, road nets, and rail lines. Gives much material on industries established by Japan, particularly those of military significance. Shows methods used in establishment of supply depots, hospitals, and other logistical installations of the Kwantung Army. (Rewritten, 219 pages) Vol. IX CLIMATIC FACTORS ARMY First part of study is primarily concerned with the effects of cold weather on military operations in Manchuria. Data is furnished on average winter temperatures, and cold-weather clothing and equipment are discussed. To illustrate the effects of extremely low temperatures on men, animals, and machines, accounts of the annual winter maneuvers of the 11th Division in 1941 - 1944 are included. Chapter 10 (originally included with Vol. XII) covers other aspects of climate: sudden variations of temperature, precipitation, droughts, dust storms, etc. Principal emphasis of this chapter is, however, also on cold-weather operations. (Unedited translation, 193 pages)
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Vol. X JAPANESE INTELLIGENCE PLANNING AGAINST THE USSR ARMY (1934 - 1941) Covers the efforts of Japanese Army intelligence agencies to build an effective intelligence network in Manchuria and vicinity. Also covered, although in less detail, are several aspects of psychological warfare, guerrilla activities and sabotage, counterintelligence and propaganda. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 119 pages) Vol. XI SMALL WARS AND BORDER PROBLEMS ARMY This study is divided into three parts, with Part 3 also being divided into three books, a total of five separate binders. Part 1 Small Wars and Border Problems A general review of the history of borderline demarcation in Manchuria and brief résumés of Russo-Japanese border disputes. Includes an outline of Japanese border policies and negotiations on border incidents. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 127 pages) Part 2 -- Small Wars and Border Problems A review of fortification construction in Manchuria particularly along the Soviet borders. Includes information on establishment of Border Garrison Units and their disposition. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 84 pages) Part 3, Book A -- Small Wars and Border Problems The Changkufeng Incident (1938) An account of one of the more serious and important border incidents is given in considerable detail. Also covers negotiations between Tokyo and Moscow to terminate the incident. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 154 pages) Part 3, Book B -- Small Wars and Border Problems, The Nomonhan Incident (1939) Describes the opening and spread of the Nomonhan Incident, the most serious of the many Manchurian border incidents. Covers operations of the 23d Division and the 2d Air Group, as directed by the Kwantung Army. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 190 pages)
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Part 3, Book C -- Small Wars and Border Problems, The Nomonhan Incident (1939) Covers the latter stages of the Nomonhan Incident, including the activities of the 6th Army in the conduct of operations. Gives an account of the cease-fire negotiations and the dissension between the Kwantung Army and Imperial General Headquarters on the conduct of military operations. Appendixes contain a diary of a Japanese artillery battery commander in which he gives a day-by-day account of the activities of his battery at Nomonhan. Also included is a Soviet version of the incident. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 261 pages) Vol. XII ANTI-BANDIT OPERATION ARMY (1931 - 1941) Although the title indicates that the study is concerned with suppression of bandit activity, it is actually a study on guerrilla and partisan movements. As an indication of this, the author early states that he has eliminated from discussion the "professional bandits" and states that the study will be concerned only with bandits who are motivated by ideological aims. Primary coverage is devoted to Communist Korean and Chinese guerrilla activity as well as countermeasures employed by the Japanese, (Unedited , translation, 59 pages) Vol. XIII STUDY OF STRATEGICAL AND TACTICAL ARMY PECULIARITIES OF FAR EASTERN RUSSIA AND SOVIET EASTERN FORCES (1931 - 1945) An account of Soviet Army organization and build-up in the Far East, as observed by the Kwantung Army. Includes Japanese estimates of Soviet defense plans and preparations as well as an analysis of the importance of the Trans-Siberian Railroad and its effect on strategy. Also covered are aspects of local economy and types of population as they affect Soviet strategy and tactics. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 132 pages)
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JAPANESE NIGHT COMBAT This study was produced in three parts, as described below: Part 1 -- Principles of Night Combat Night or dawn attacks were very favorably regarded by Japanese and the tactic was frequently employed. Part 1 of the Night Combat series outlines the general concept of night combat, provides some historic examples, discusses the application of night combat tactics as they might be employed against Soviet defenses along the Manchurian border. Study also includes information on training of the Japanese soldier in night combat. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 184 pages) Part 2 -- Appendix: Excerpts From Japanese Training Manuals This second book of the series supplements the training portion of Part 1 in providing material on night combat as excerpted from Japanese Army training manuals. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 203 pages) Part 3 -- Supplement: Night Combat Examples The third book of the Night Combat series illustrates the principles described in Parts 1 and 2 by furnishing examples of successful employment of night combat operations of Japanese Army units of various sizes. Examples are taken from the Russo-Japanese War, the China Incident, and World War II. (Rewritten, Reproduced, 229 pages)
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6. Japanese Monographs and Japanese Studies on Manchuria Classified by Operations Areas In the following portion of the GUIDE, the Japanese Monographs and Manchurian Studies are divided, by subject matter, into what the Japanese considered the major operational areas of the Pacific War, as outlined on the preceding map. It should be noted that these are not necessarily major operational areas from a U.S. or Allied viewpoint. Where studies cover more than one operational area, duplicate references have been given. Operational Area A -- Southeast Area (includes Northeast New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, and the Solomon Islands) No. 34 SOUTHEAST AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Volume I (May 1942 - January 1943) No. 35 SOUTHEAST AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Volume II (February 1943 - August 1945) No. 37 SOUTHEAST AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY 18th Army Operations Volume I (January 1942 - June 1943) No. 38 SOUTHEAST AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY 18th Army Operations Volume II (June 1943 - February 1944) No. 39 SOUTHEAST AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY 18th Army Operations Volume III (March 1944 - August 1944)
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No. 40 SOUTHEAST AREA OPERATIONS ARMY 18th Army Operations Volume IV (September 1944 - June 1945) No. 41 SOUTHEAST AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY 18th Army Operations Volume V (June 1945 - March 1946) No. 42 SOUTHEAST AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Chart Supplement (1943 - 1945) No. 44 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTH AREA ARMY ARMY (November 1942 - August 1945) No. 45 HISTORY OF IMPERIAL GENERAL HEADQUARTERS ARMY ARMY SECTION (1941 - 1945) No. 112 SOUTHEAST AREA NAVAL OPERATIONS ARMY Part IV (February - April 1944) (Notes Although supposedly a naval operations monograph, majority of text is devoted to Army operations and problems.) No. 127 SOUTHEAST AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Part IV (November 1942 - August 1945) No. 128 SOUTHEAST AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Part IV Supplement (September 1943 - April 1944) No. 143 SOUTHEAST AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Part I (January - May 1942)
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No. NC(3) NIGHT COMBAT EXAMPLES ARMY No. 96 EASTERN NEW GUINEA INVASION OPERATIONS ARMY (March - September 1942) No. 98 SOUTHEAST AREA NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVY Part I (May 1942 - February 1943) No. 99 SOUTHEAST AREA NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVY Part II (February - October 1943) No. 110 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS IN SECOND PHASE NAVY OPERATIONS Part I (April - August 1942) No. 111 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS IN SECOND PHASE NAVY OPERATIONS Part II (August 1942 - March 1943) No. 112 SOUTHEAST AREA NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVY Part IV (February - April 1944) No. 139 OUTLINE OF SOUTH SEAS NAVAL FORCE NAVY OPERATIONS AND GENERAL SITUATION (December 1941 - March 1942) No. 163 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS IN THIRD PHASE NAVY OPERATIONS Part I (March - November 1943) No. 171 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS IN THIRD PHASE NAVY OPERATIONS Part II (November 1943 - March 1944) No. 32 SOUTHEAST AREA AIR OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY AIR FORCE (November 1942 - April 1944)
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No. 100 SOUTHEAST AREA NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVAL AIR FORCE Part III (October 1943 - February 1944) No. 120 OUTLINE OF SOUTHEAST AREA NAVAL NAVAL AIR FORCE AIR OPERATIONS Part I (December 1941 - August 1942) No. 121 OUTLINE OF SOUTHEAST NAVAL NAVAL AIR FORCE AIR OPERATIONS Part II (August - October 1942) No. 122 OUTLINE OF SOUTHEAST AREA NAVAL NAVAL AIR FORCE AIR OPERATIONS Part III (November 1942 - June 1943) No. 140 OUTLINE OF SOUTHEAST AREA NAVAL NAVAL AIR FORCE AIR OPERATIONS Part IV (July - November 1943) No. 142 OUTLINE OF SOUTHEAST AREA NAVAL NAVAL AIR FORCE AIR OPERATIONS Part V (December 1943 - 1944) Operational Area B -- North of Australia Area (includes Western New Guinea and eastern portion of Netherlands East Indies) No. 13 NORTH OF AUSTRALIA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (1943 - 1945) No. 14 SECOND AREA ARMY OPERATIONS IN THE ARMY WESTERN NEW GUINEA AREA (May 1944 - January 1945) No. 15 OUTLINE OF THE BATTLE FOR MOROTAI ARMY (15 September 1944 - 13 May 1945)
64
No. 16 AMBON AND TIMOR INVASION OPERATIONS ARMY (January - February 1942) No. 24 HISTORY OF THE SOUTHERN ARMY ARMY (1941 - 1945) No. 136 NORTH OF AUSTRALIA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (January 1944 - August 1945) No. 79A SUMATRA INVASION AND SOUTHWEST AREA NAVY NAVAL MOPPING-UP OPERATIONS (January - May 1942) No. 87 WESTERN NEW GUINEA AND NORTH OF AUSTRALIA NAVY AREA NAVAL OPERATIONS (April - September 1944) No. 90 THE "A-GO" OPERATIONS NAVY (May - June 1944) No. 91 THE "A-GO" OPERATIONS LOG NAVY Supplement (May - June 1944) No. 92 SOUTHWEST AREA NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVY (April 1942 - April 1944) No. 31 SOUTHERN AREA AIR OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY AIR FORCE (1941 - 1945) No. 113 TASK FORCE OPERATIONS NAVAL AIR FORCE (November 1941 - April 1942) Operational Area C -- Philippines Area No. 1 PHILIPPINES OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Phase I (6 November 1941 - 30 June 1942)
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No. 2 PHILIPPINES OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Phase I (1 December 1941 - 10 April 1942) No. 3 PHILIPPINES OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Phase II (December 1942 - June 1944) No. 4 PHILIPPINES OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Phase III (July - November 1944) No. 5 PHILIPPINES OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Phase III (July - December 1944) No. 6 PHILIPPINES OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Phase III (June 1944 - August 1945) No. 7 PHILIPPINES OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Phase III (January - August 1945) No. 8 PHILIPPINES OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Phase III (December 1944 - August 1945) No. 9 PHILIPPINES OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Phase III (December 1944 - August 1945) No. 10 PHILIPPINES OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Phase III (November 1944 - April 1945) No. 24 HISTORY OF SOUTHERN ARMY ARMY (1941 - 1945) No. 27 JOLO ISLAND INVASION OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (December 1941)
66
No. 45 HISTORY OF IMPERIAL GENERAL HEADQUARTERS ARMY ARMY SECTION (1941 - 1945) No. 103 OUTLINE OF ADMINISTRATION IN OCCUPIED ARMY AREAS (1942 - 1945) No. 137 PHILIPPINES OPERATIONS RECORD, ARMY Phase III, Volume IV GENERAL OUTLINE OF MINDORO OPERATION (September 1944 - August 1945) No. 164 RAILWAY OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (1941 - 1945) No. 81 PHILIPPINES AREA NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVY Part III (December 1944 - January 1945) No. 84 PHILIPPINES AREA NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVY Part II (October - December 1944) No. 95 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES NAVY AREA (September 1944 - March 1945) No. 102 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS NAVY (December 1941 - April 1942) No. 105 GENERAL SUMMARY OF NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVY SOUTHERN FORCE (November 1941 - April 1942) No. 114 PHILIPPINE AREA NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVY Part IV (January - August 1945) No. 117 OUTLINE OF THIRD PHASE OPERATIONS NAVY (February 1943 - August 1945)
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No. 152 POLITICAL STRATEGY PRIOR NAVY TO OUTBREAK OF WAR Part V (1940 - 1941) No. 184 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS IN THIRD NAVY PHASE OPERATIONS Parts III IV, and V (March 1944 - August 1945) No. 11 PHILIPPINES AIR OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY AIR FORCE Phase I (December 1941 - May 1942) No. 12 PHILIPPINES OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY AIR FORCE Phase III (August 1941 - February 1945) No. 31 SOUTHERN AREA AIR OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY AIR FORCE (1941 - 1945) No. 80 OPERATIONAL SITUATION OF THE JAPANESE NAVAL AIR FORCE NAVY IN THE PHILIPPINES INVASION OPERATIONS (December 1941) No. 82 PHILIPPINES AREA NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVAL AIR FORCE Part I (January - September 1944) Operational Area D -- Central Pacific Area (includes Caroline, and Marshall Islands, Midway, and Hawaii) No. 45 HISTORY OF IMPERIAL GENERAL HEADQUARTERS ARMY ARMY SECTION (1941 - 1945) No. 48 CENTRAL PACIFIC OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Volume I (December 1941 - August 1945)
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No. 49 CENTRAL PACIFIC OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Volume II (April - November 1944) No. 90 THE "A-GO" OPERATIONS NAVY (May - June 1944) No. 91 THE "A-GO" OPERATIONS LOG NAVY Supplement (May - June 1944) No. 93 MIDWAY OPERATIONS NAVY (May - June 1942) No. 95 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS IN NAVY THE PHILIPPINES AREA (September 1944 - March 1945) No. 97 PEARL HARBOR OPERATIONS: GENERAL NAVY OUTLINE OF ORDERS AND PLANS (5 November - 2 December 1941) No. 102 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS NAVY (December 1941 - April 1942) No. 108 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS IN NAVY FIRST PHASE OPERATIONS (December 1941- April 1942) No. 110 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS IN SECOND NAVY PHASE OPERATIONS Part I (April - August 1942) No. 117 OUTLINE OF THIRD PHASE OPERATIONS NAVY (February 1943 - August 1945)
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No. 139 OUTLINE OF SOUTH SEAS NAVAL FORCE NAVY OPERATIONS AND GENERAL SITUATION (December 1941 - March 1942) No. 152 POLITICAL SITUATION PRIOR TO NAVY OUTBREAK OF WAR Part V (1940 - 1941) No. 161 INNER SOUTH SEA ISLANDS AREA NAVAL NAVY OPERATIONS Part I GILBERT ISLANDS (November 1941 - November 1943) No. 163 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS IN NAVY THIRD PHASE OPERATIONS Part I (March - November 1943) No. 171 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS IN THIRD NAVY PHASE OPERATIONS Part II (November 1943 - March 1944) No. 173 INNER SOUTH SEAS ISLANDS AREA NAVAL NAVY OPERATIONS Part II MARSHALL ISLANDS (December 1941 - February 1944) No. 184 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS IN NAVY THIRD PHASE OPERATIONS Parts III, IV, and V (March 1944 - August 1945) No. 50 CENTRAL PACIFIC AIR OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY AIR FORCE (1944 - 1945) No. 113 TASK FORCE OPERATIONS NAVAL AIR FORCE (November 1941 - April 1942)
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Operational Area E -- Okinawa and Formosa Area (includes Iwo Jima) No. 48 CENTRAL PACIFIC OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Volume I (December 1941 - August 1945) No. 52 FORMOSA AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (1943 - 1945) No. 53 32D ARMY OPERATIONS IN CHINA ARMY (March - June 1945) No. 135 OKINAWA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (March - June 1945) No. 95 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS IN NAVY THE PHILIPPINES AREA (September 1944 - March 1945) No. 96 IWO JIMA AND RYUKYU ISLANDS ARMY AIR FORCE AIR OPERATIONS (February - June 1945) No. 83 OKINAWA AREA NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVAL (January - June 1945) No. 86 5TH AIR FLEET OPERATIONS NAVAL (February - August 1945) No. 94 IWO JIMA OPERATIONS NAVAL AIR FORCE (February - March 1945) Operational Area F -- Homeland Area (Japan, excluding Hokkaido, and Korea) No. 17 HOMELAND OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (1941 - 1945) No. 22 SEVENTEENTH AREA ARMY OPERATIONS ARMY (1941 - 1945)
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No. 164 RAILWAY OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (1941 - 1945) No. 168 HOMELAND ANTIAIRCRAFT DEFENSE OPERATIONS ARMY RECORD, TOKAI (EAST COAST) SECTOR (December 1944 - August 1945) No. 170 HOMELAND ANTIAIRCRAFT DEFENSE OPERATIONS ARMY RECORD, KANTO SECTOR (June 1944 - August 1945) No. 175 HOMELAND ANTIAIRCRAFT DEFENSE OPERATIONS ARMY RECORD, CENTRAL SECTOR (September 1944 - June 1945) No. 176 HOMELAND ANTIAIRCRAFT DEFENSE OPERATIONS ARMY RECORD, WESTERN SECTOR (June 1944 - August 1945) No. 109 HOMELAND DEFENSE NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVY Part I (December 1941 - March 1943) No. 119 OUTLINE OF OPERATIONS PRIOR TO THE NAVY TERMINATION OF WAR AND ACTIVITIES CONNECTED WITH THE CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES (July - August 1945) No. 123 HOMELAND DEFENSE NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVY Part II (March 1943 - August 1945) No. 174 OUTLINE OF NAVAL ARMAMENT AND PREPARATIONS NAVY FOR WAR (March - June 1945) No. 23 AIR DEFENSE OF THE HOMELAND ARMY AIR FORCE (1944 - 1945) No. 50 CENTRAL PACIFIC AIR OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY AIR FORCE (1944 - 1945)
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No. 85 PREPARATION FOR OPERATIONS IN NAVY DEFENSE OF THE HOMELAND (July 1944 - July 1945) No. 86 5TH AIR FLEET OPERATIONS NAVAL AIR FORCE (February - August 1945) No. 124. HOMELAND DEFENSE NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVAL AIR FORCE Part III (June 1944 - August 1945) No. 157 HOMELAND AIR DEFENSE OPERATIONS ARMY AIR FORCE RECORD (Revised) (July 1944 - August 1945) Operational Area G -- Borneo and French Indo-China (includes Thailand) No. 24 HISTORY OF THE SOUTHERN ARMY ARMY (1941 - 1945) No. 25 FRENCH INDO-CHINA AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (1940 - 1945) No. 26 BORNEO OPERATIONS ARMY (1941 - 1945) No. 28 TARAKAN INVASION OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (January 1942) No. 29 BALIKPAPAN INVASION OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (January 1942) No. 30 BANDJERMASIN INVASION OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (February 1942) No. 57 BURMA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Phase I (November 1941 - December 1942) No. 103 OUTLINE OF ADMINISTRATION IN OCCUPIED AREAS ARMY (1942 - 1945)
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No. 162 SOUTHEAST AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (April 1944 - August 1945) No. 164 RAILWAY OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (1941 - 1945) No. 177 THAILAND OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (1941 - 1945) No. 92 SOUTHWEST AREA NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVY (April 1942 - April 1944) No. 101 NAVAL OPERATIONS IN THE INVASION NAVY OF NETHERLANDS EAST INDIES (December 1941 - March 1942) No. 102 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS NAVY (December 1941 - April 1942) No. 105 GENERAL SUMMARY OF NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVY SOUTHERN FORCE (November 1941 - April 1942) No. 115 BORNEO AREA NAVAL OPERATIONS, 1945 NAVY (February - July 1945) No. 31 SOUTHERN AREA AIR OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY AIR FORCE (1941 - 1945) No. 55 SOUTHWEST AREA AIR OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY AIR FORCE Phase I (November 1941 - February 1942) No. 56 SOUTHWEST AREA AIR OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY AIR FORCE Phase II (July 1942 - June 1944) No. 65 SOUTHWEST AREA AIR OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY AIR FORCE Phase III (July 1944 - August 1945)
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Operation Area H -- Malaya, Java, and Sumatra No. 24 HISTORY OF THE SOUTHERN ARMY ARMY (1941 - 1945) No. 54 MALAY OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (November 1941 - March 1942) No. 66 THE INVASION OF THE NETHERLANDS ARMY EAST INDIES (November 1941 - March 1942) No. 67 PALEMBANG and BANGKA ISLANDS OPERATIONS ARMY RECORD (January - February 1942) No. 68 REPORT ON INSTALLATIONS AND CAPTURED ARMY WEAPONS, JAVA AND SINGAPORE (1942) No. 103 OUTLINE OF ADMINISTRATION IN ARMY OCCUPIED AREAS (1942 - 1945) No. 162 SOUTHWEST AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (April 1944 - August 1945) No. 164 RAILWAY OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (1941 - 1945) No. 165 JAVA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Part II (Early 1944 - August 1945) No. 167 MALAY OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (January 1944 - August 1945) No. 185 SUMATRA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY 25TH ARMY (March 1942 - August 1945)
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No. 79A SUMATRA INVASION AND SOUTHWEST NAVY AREA NAVAL MOPPING-UP OPERATIONS (January - May 1942) No. 92 SOUTHWEST AREA NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVY (April 1942 - April 1944) No. 101 NAVAL OPERATIONS IN THE INVASION NAVY OF NETHERLANDS EAST INDIES (December 1941 - March 1942) No. 102 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS NAVY (December 1941 - April 1942) No. 105 GENERAL SUMMARY OF NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVY SOUTHERN FORCE (November 1941 - April 1942) No. 107 MALAYA INVASION NAVAL OPERATIONS (Revised) NAVY (December 1941 - February 1942) No. 152 POLITICAL STRATEGY PRIOR TO OUTBREAK NAVY OF WAR Part V (1940 - 1941) No. 31 SOUTHERN AREA AIR OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY AIR FORCE (1941 - 1945) No. 55 SOUTHWEST AREA AIR OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY AIR FORCE Phase I (November 1941 - February 1942) No. 56 SOUTHWEST AREA AIR OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY AIR FORCE Phase II (June 1942 - June 1944) No. 65 SOUTHWEST AREA AIR OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY AIR FORGE Phase III (July 1944 - August 1945)
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No. 69 JAVA-SUMATRA AREA AIR ARMY AIR FORCE OPERATIONS RECORD (December 1941 - March 1942) Operational Area I -- Burma Area (including Indian Ocean operations) No. 24 HISTORY OF THE SOUTHERN ARMY ARMY (1941 - 1945) No. 57 BURMA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Phase I (November 1941 - December 1942) No. 58 BURMA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Phase II (1943 - 1944) No. 59(1) BURMA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Phase III (1944 - 1945) No. 59(2) BURMA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Phase III (April 1944 - August 1945) No. 61 BURMA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Supplement No. 2 (October - November 1943) No. 62 BURMA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Supplement No, 2 (April 1944 - January 1945) No. 103 OUTLINE OF ADMINISTRATION IN ARMY OCCUPIED AREAS (1942 - 1945) No. 131 BURMA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY OPERATIONS IN HUKAWNG AREA (August 1943 - July 1944)
77
No. 132 BURMA OPERATIONS RECORD, 28TH ARMY ARMY OPERATIONS IN AKYAB AREA (Revised) (November 1943 - September 1945) No. 133 BURMA OPERATIONS RECORD, OUTLINE OF BURMA ARMY AREA LINE OF COMMUNICATIONS (1941 - 1945) No. 134 BURMA OPERATIONS RECORD, 15TH ARMY ARMY OPERATIONS IN IMPHAL AREA AND WITHDRAWAL TO NORTHERN BURMA (Revised) (January 1943 - January 1945) No. 148 BURMA AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY 33D ARMY OPERATIONS (Revised) (April 1944 - August 1945) No. 164 RAILWAY OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (1941 - 1945) No. NC(3) NIGHT COMBAT EXAMPLES ARMY No. 79 BURMA AND ANDAMAN INVASION NAVY NAVAL OPERATIONS (March - April 1942) No. 92 SOUTHWEST AREA NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVY (April 1942 - April 1944) No. 108 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS IN FIRST NAVY PHASE OPERATIONS (December 1941 - April 1942) No. 110 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS IN SECOND NAVY PHASE OPERATIONS Part I (April - August 1942) No. 163 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS IN THIRD NAVY PHASE OPERATIONS Part I (March - November 1943)
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No. 31 SOUTHERN AREA AIR OPERATIONS ARMY AIR FORCE (1941 - 1945) No. 55 SOUTHWEST AREA AIR OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY AIR FORCE Phase I (November 1941 - February 1942) No. 56 SOUTHWEST AREA AIR OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY AIR FORCE Phase II (July 1942 - June 1944) No. 64 BURMA AIR OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY AIR FORCE (January 1942 - August 1945) No. 65 SOUTHWEST AREA AIR OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY AIR FORCE Phase III (July 1944 - August 1945) No. 113 TASK FORCE OPERATIONS NAVAL AIR FORCE (November 1941 - April 1942) Operational Area J -- China Area (includes Hong Kong and Hainan Island) No. 70 CHINA AREA OPERATIONS RECORD (Revised) ARMY (July 1937 - November 1941) No. 71 ARMY OPERATIONS IN CHINA ARMY (December 1941 - December 1943) No. 72 ARMY OPERATIONS IN CHINA ARMY (January 1944 - August 1944) No. 73 COMBAT IN THE TAO-ERH-CHUANG AREA ARMY (February 1938 - June 1938) No. 74 OPERATIONS IN THE KUN-LUN-KUAN AREA ARMY (November 1939 - February 1940) No. 103 OUTLINE OF ADMINISTRATION IN OCCUPIED AREAS ARMY (1942 - 1945)
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No. 129 CHINA AREA OPERATIONS RECORD, COMMAND ARMY OF THE CHINA EXPEDITIONARY ARMY (August 1943 - August 1945) No. 130 CHINA AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY SIXTH AREA ARMY OPERATIONS (July 1941 - August 1945) No. 178 NORTH CHINA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (July 1937 - May 1941) No. 179 CENTRAL CHINA AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (1937 - 1941) No. 180 SOUTH CHINA AREA OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (1937 - 1941) No. NC(3) NIGHT COMBAT EXAMPLES ARMY No. 56 SOUTHWEST AREA AIR OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY AIR FORCE Phase II (July 1942 - June 1944) No. 76 AIR OPERATIONS IN THE CHINA AREA ARMY AIR FORCE (July 1937 - August 1945) No. 166 CHINA INCIDENT NAVAL AIR OPERATIONS NAVAL AIR FORCE (July - November 1937) Operational Area K -- Manchuria Area No. 77 JAPANESE PREPARATIONS FOR OPERATIONS ARMY IN MANCHURIA (1931 - 1942) No. 78 THE KWANTUNG ARMY IN THE MANCHURIAN ARMY CAMPAIGN (1941 - 1945)
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No. 138 JAPANESE PREPARATIONS FOR OPERATIONS ARMY IN MANCHURIA (January 1943 - August 1945) No. 154 RECORD OF OPERATIONS AGAINST ARMY SOVIET RUSSIA, EASTERN FRONT (August 1945) No. 155 RECORD OF OPERATIONS AGAINST SOVIET ARMY RUSSIA, NORTHERN AND WESTERN FRONTS (August - September 1945) No. 164 RAILWAY OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (1941 - 1945) No. NC(3) NIGHT COMBAT EXAMPLES ARMY No. 106 NAVAL OPERATIONS AGAINST SOVIET RUSSIA NAVY (1941 - 1945) No. 151 AIR OPERATIONS RECORD AGAINST ARMY AIR FORCE SOVIET RUSSIA (June 1941 - September 1945) Japanese Studies on Manchuria Vol. I JAPANESE OPERATIONAL PLANNING AGAINST THE USSR (1932 - 1945) Vol. II IMPERIAL JAPANESE ARMY IN MANCHURIA (1894 - 1945) Vol. III STRATEGIC STUDY ON MANCHURIA, MILITARY TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHY (Published in four parts) Vol. IV AIR OPERATIONS (1931 - 1945) Vol. V INFANTRY OPERATIONS
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Vol. VI ARMOR OPERATIONS Vol. VII SUPPORTING ARMS AND SERVICES Part 1, Artillery and Antiaircraft Artillery Operations Part 2, Engineer, Signal and Railway Operations Vol. VIII LOGISTICS IN MANCHURIA Vol. IX CLIMATIC FACTORS Vol. X JAPANESE INTELLIGENCE PLANNING AGAINST THE USSR (1934 - 1941) Vol. XI SMALL WARS AND BORDER PROBLEMS (Published in three parts) Part 3 consisting of Books A, B, and C) Vol. XII ANTI-BANDIT OPERATIONS (1931 - 1941) Vol. XIII STUDY OF STRATEGICAL AND TACTICAL PECULIARITIES OF FAR EASTERN RUSSIA AND SOVIET FAR EASTERN FORCES (1931 - 1945) Operational Area L -- Northern Area (includes Hokkaido, Sakhalin (Karafuto), the Aleutian and Kuril Islands) No. 21 HOMELAND OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY Volume IV FIFTH AREA ARMY (Late 1943 - 1945) No. 46 ALEUTIAN OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (June 1942 - July 1943)
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No. 47 NORTHERN AREA MONTHLY COMBAT REPORTS ARMY (January - May 1943) No. 153 HOMELAND OPERATIONS RECORD, Volume IV ARMY OPERATIONS IN KARAFUTO AND CHISIMA AREAS (9 August - 22 August 1945) No. 88 ALEUTIAN NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVY (March 1942 - February 1943) No. 89 NORTHERN AREA NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVY (February 1943 - August 1945) No. 106 NAVAL OPERATIONS AGAINST SOVIET RUSSIA NAVY (1941 - 1945) No. 109 HOMELAND DEFENSE NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVY Part I (December 1941 - March 1943) No. 110 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS IN SECOND PHASE NAVY OPERATIONS Part I (April - August 1942) No. 163 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS IN THIRD PHASE NAVY OPERATIONS Part I (March - November 1943) Operational Area M -- Entire Area No. 24 HISTORY OF THE SOUTHERN ARMY ARMY (1941 - 1945) No. 45 HISTORY OF IMPERIAL GENERAL HEADQUARTERS ARMY ARMY SECTION (1941 - 1945)
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No. 156 HISTORICAL REVIEW OF LANDING ARMY OPERATIONS OF JAPANESE FORCES (1904 - 1945) No. 164 RAILWAY OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY (1941 - 1945) No. 102 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS NAVY (December 1941 - April 1942) No. 105 GENERAL SUMMARY OF NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVY SOUTHERN FORCE (November 1941 - April 1942) No. 108 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS IN FIRST PHASE NAVY OPERATIONS (December 1941 - April 1942) No. 110 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS IN SECOND PHASE NAVY OPERATIONS Part I (April - August 1942) No. 111 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS IN SECOND PHASE NAVY OPERATIONS Part II (August 1942 - March 1943) No. 116 THE IMPERIAL JAPANESE NAVY IN WORLD WAR II NAVY (1941 - 1945) No. 117 OUTLINE OF THIRD PHASE OPERATIONS NAVY (February 1943 - August 1945) No. 118 OPERATIONAL HISTORY OF NAVAL COMMUNICATIONS NAVY (December 1941 - August 1945) No. 119 OUTLINE OF OPERATIONS PRIOR TO THE NAVY TERMINATION OF WAR AND ACTIVITIES CONNECTED WITH THE CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES (July - August 1945)
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No. 125 SURFACE ESCORT OPERATIONS NAVY (December 1941 - August 1945) No. 145 OUTLINE OF NAVAL ARMAMENT AND NAVY PREPARATIONS FOR WAR Part I (1922 - 1934) No. 149 OUTLINE OF NAVAL ARMAMENT AND NAVY PREPARATIONS FOR WAR Part II (1934 - 1939) No. 152 POLITICAL STRATEGY PRIOR NAVY TO OUTBREAK OF WAR Part V (1940 - 1941) No. 160 OUTLINE OF NAVAL ARMAMENT AND NAVY PREPARATIONS FOR WAR Part III (1939 - 1941) No. 163 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS IN THIRD NAVY PHASE OPERATIONS Part I (March - November 1943) No. 169 OUTLINE OF NAVAL ARMAMENT AND NAVY PREPARATIONS FOR WAR Part IV (1942) No. 171 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS IN THIRD PHASE NAVY OPERATIONS Part II (November 1943 - March 1944) No. 172 OUTLINE OF NAVAL ARMAMENT AND NAVY PREPARATIONS FOR WAR Part V (March 1943 - April 1945)
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No. 174 OUTLINE OF NAVAL ARMAMENT AND NAVY PREPARATIONS FOR WAR Part VI (March - June 1945) No. 181 SUBMARINE OPERATIONS IN THIRD NAVY PHASE OPERATIONS Parts III IV, and V (March 1944 - August 1945) No. 31 SOUTHERN AREA AIR OPERATIONS RECORD ARMY AIR FORCE (1941 - 1945) No. 113 TASK FORCE OPERATIONS NAVAL AIR FORCE (November 1941 - April 1942) No. 144 POLITICAL STRATEGY PRIOR TO OUTBREAK OF WAR Part I (September 1931 - January 1940) No. 146 POLITICAL STRATEGY PRIOR TO OUTBREAK OF WAR Part II (January - December 1940) No. 147 POLITICAL STRATEGY PRIOR TO OUTBREAK OF WAR Part III (January - December 1941) No. 150 POLITICAL STRATEGY PRIOR TO OUTBREAK OF WAR Part IV (January - December 1941) No. 152 POLITICAL STRATEGY PRIOR TO OUTBREAK OF WAR Part V (1940 - 1941)
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PART IV

Glossary

The organization of the Japanese Army and Navy, while not dissimilar to that of the United States, included a number of types of units with which U.S. military historians may not be familiar. Although not all the following terms are shown in the index, they are used throughout the monographs and Manchurian studies.

275

276 (blank)



Air army               In the early part of World War II the major
                       air commands were known as air forces or air
                       groups. Later, as the Air Force gained greater
                       independence from the ground force commands,
                       the forces and groups were reorganized as
                       armies. There were one air general army and
                       six air armies, the latter being assigned to
                       specific theaters of operations.

Air brigade            One or two air regiments with intelligence,
                       signal, and/or reconnaissance unite as
                       required or as available.

Air division           Two to four air regiments, two to four airfield
                       battalions, one independent air squadron
                       (reconnaissance), plus intelligence and signal
                       units as required.

Air fleet              Two or more carriers with cruiser or destroyer
                       escort.

Air flotilla           Land-based naval air unit.

Air force              See Air army.

Air group              See Air army.

Air regiment           Twenty-five to forty fighter planes (bomber
                       regiments had as few as twelve medium or
                       heavy bombers).

Air sector command     Usually about eight airfield battalions, all
                       operating within the same general area.
                       
Air training army      Organization established to train pilots,
                       crewmen, and maintenance personnel, In latter
                       part of the war, the training army was
                       reorganized as an operational unit with the
                       mission of defending Japan against invasion.

Air training division  Part of the air training army.

Amphibious brigade     Three mobile or mechanized infantry battalions,
                       one tank unit, one machine gun unit, and one
                       engineer unit. Specially organised and trained
                       for amphibious operations.

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Area army Two or more armies and/or other combat units with necessary line of communications units. Conducted general field operations. Area fleet All vessels assigned to an area at a more or less permanent basis. Armored army An armored army was established in 1942 with the 1st and 2d Tank Divisions as a nucleus. It never engaged in combat operations as a unified command. Army Two or more divisions with added combat units and necessary line of communications units. Conducted general field operations. Base force Vessels, equipment, and personnel required to operate or establish a naval base. Size and equipment varied greatly. Border garrison unit Three to ten infantry battalions, three to ten artillery battalions, one to four engineer companies. Units varied greatly in size depending on location and conditions. Border defense and guard, generally in Manchuria. Butai Japanese word for group or unit of troops. Cavalry brigade Two to three cavalry regiments, one tank unit, one artillery unit, one engineer unit. Conducted combat operations. Cavalry group Two cavalry brigades, one signal unit. Conducted combat operations. Central Authorities Used as a general term in referring to Imperial General Headquarters or the war direction group composed of the War Minister and IGHQ. See also High Command and Sambo Hombu. Defense unit Three infantry battalions, one artillery battalion, three tank companies, one signal company. Used for defense of isolated island or post. Depot division The organization of the Japanese Army in the early part of World War II contemplated the leaving behind of a cadre when a division was transferred to a combat area. The depot division assumed the duties of training replacements and
278
frequently performed guard and garrison duties in the home station area. Detachment Two or three infantry battalions, one artillery battalion, one tank company, one engineer company. A combat team temporarily organized to perform a specific mission or conduct a single operation. Frequently, special detachments were named after their commanding officer, (See Unit Index, Detachments, Groups, and Units.) Organization and strength varied greatly depending on the situation. Division (Army) An infantry group headquarters, three infantry regiments (nine battalions), one reconnaissance regiment (cavalry or tank), one artillery regiment (six batteries), one engineer regiment (two companies), one signal unit. Conducted combat operations. In the latter part of the war, Class B and C divisions were formed. These were much weaker than the above described Class A divisions. B and C divisions usually were composed of only infantry and engineer units, although a few had attached artillery units of varying sizes. Division (Navy) Two or more vessels of the same type. Element The term element is frequently found in the monographs, example, "The commander sent an element to secure the town." Used in this way, the term normally refers to one of the basic components of the larger unit -- an element of a division being a regiment, an element of a battalion being a company, and so forth. Expeditionary unit Three to six infantry battalions, one or two artillery battalions, one or two engineer companies. Such units were temporarily organized from Manchurian and Korean troops for the purpose of reinforcing the Southeast and Central Pacific operational areas. Fortress unit One or two heavy artillery regiments, one antiaircraft unit, one engineer unit, infantry troops as required. Used in defense of an island fortress.
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Fleet All vessels assigned to an area. Normally such areas would be larger and more general than that of an area fleet. Force All vessels assigned to a specific mission, Garrison army Size of such units varied greatly with requirements and troops available. Military administration units were frequently included. Performed garrison duty in occupied areas where little or no combat operations were anticipated. General army Two or more area armies, armies, garrison armies, and/or brigades with line of communications units as required. Conducted theater operations. Go Operations Most of the major operations of the Japanese Army and Navy were designated by a code word with the word GO as a suffix (SHO-GO, Victory; SEI-GO, Control; TEN-GO, Heavenly, etc). Although the word GO is difficult to translate into English, it is an enumerator and can be loosely translated as code or number. Group (Army) Normally the combat troops of a division or, on occasion, of a brigade. Group headquarters was composed of a commanding general, his deputy, and three or four key staff officers. Employed in the conduct of limited operations where the services of the entire staff and technical units were not considered necessary. Group (Navy) Part of a force -- no specified size. High Command Similar in meaning to Central Authorities and used very much as U.S. military men might use "The White House" or "The Pentagon" as a source of orders or policy. Independent air squadron Approximately fifty reconnaissance planes with a few fighter planes. Normally attached to an air division. Independent garrison Four to six infantry battalions. Used primarily unit to garrison railway depots in Manchuria and China. Independent infantry Four infantry battalions, one signal unit. brigade Originally formed to garrison occupied areas, but used as combat units in the latter part of the war.
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Independent mixed Three to six infantry battalions, one artillery brigade unit, one engineer unit. Constituted a general purpose combat unit. Independent mixed Three infantry battalions, one artillery regiment battalion, one engineer company. Normally used in defense of an isolated island or post. Independent tank Two tank regiments, one machine gun unit, one brigade maintenance unit. Combat unit formed for defense of Japan in last months of war. Kaiten A manned torpedo used in connection with suicide attack on enemy shipping in harbors and anchorages. Could be launched from large submarines. Kamikaze Japanese word normally translated as God Wind or Wind of the Gods. (See Japanese Monograph No. 157, page 15 footnote.) Name applied to air force pilots who, inculcated with the TO or suicide spirit, crash-dived their planes into invasion or task force vessels. Koryu A midget submarine with crew of two men. Used for missions of limited duration, frequently in waters too narrow or shallow for a large type submarine. Mixed infantry group Infantry group headquarters of a division, three infantry battalions, one artillery battalion, one engineer company. A combat team organized from a division to perform a specific mission or operation. Oka bomb Commonly referred to by U.S. naval personnel as Baka (crazy) bombs. A light plane with the nose portion filled with high explosive, piloted by a kamikaze pilot. Sambo Hombu Headquarters of the General Staff. Seiran A type of plane that could be carried by large submarines and used for reconnaissance or limited attack missions. Squadron Two or more naval divisions.
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Tank division Three tank regiments, one infantry regiment, one reconnaissance unit, one artillery regiment, one antiaircraft unit, one antitank gun unit, one engineer unit. General combat operations. Task force All vessels assigned to a specific offensive mission or operation. Normally consisted of carriers, escort destroyers, or cruisers, and submarine screening force. TO units Kamikaze or suicide units. (See Kamikaze.)
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