From MAILER-DAEMON Sat Feb 28 10:56:48 2009 Return-Path: <> X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.1.8 (2007-02-13) on industrial X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-87.1 required=2.4 tests=ADVANCE_FEE_1,AWL, MAILTO_TO_SPAM_ADDR,SPF_HELO_PASS,USER_IN_WHITELIST autolearn=disabled version=3.1.8 X-Original-To: adamf@IBIBLIO.ORG Delivered-To: adamf@IBIBLIO.ORG Received: from listserv.albany.edu (unknown [169.226.1.24]) by metalab.unc.edu (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9D47F49076 for ; Sat, 28 Feb 2009 10:52:20 -0500 (EST) Received: from listserv.albany.edu (listserv.albany.edu [169.226.1.24]) by listserv.albany.edu (8.13.8/8.13.8) with ESMTP id n1SFkpIh016612 for ; Sat, 28 Feb 2009 10:52:20 -0500 (EST) Date: Sat, 28 Feb 2009 10:52:18 -0500 From: "University at Albany LISTSERV Server (14.5)" Subject: File: "BEE-L LOG0712A" To: adamf@IBIBLIO.ORG Message-ID: Content-Length: 88747 Lines: 2068 ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 30 Nov 2007 20:07:32 -0500 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: =?windows-1252?Q?=3D=3FISO-8859-1=3FQ=3FIan=3F=3D?= Subject: Argentina frost Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Commodity market reacted bullish today raising wheat prices 42cents/bushel. The market reacted on news from Argentina of a killing frost crossing the country severly damaging the growing crops. The estimate of the damaged wheat crop was so bad, that the government stopped all export business of wheat until an assesment is done to determine wheather or not there is going to be enough wheat to satisfy thier domestic consumtions. I havent heard of the assessed damages on the soybean crop, but assuming there are crop damages. If the damages on the soybeans are as bad as the wheat, then we might be looking at potential short honey crop. Not to mention the clovers and canolas. Argentina is comming off a extreemly poor production season, the carry over is small. Might be a time to hang onto that honey and wait to see how they assess the rest of the growing crops ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 1 Dec 2007 23:25:27 -0500 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: "=?windows-1252?Q?J._Waggle?=" Subject: Re: Bees and settlers Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit >>>To get a good comparison, it would be interesting if bees were found in Ohio before settlers came in. One interesting fact is the honeybee was called the "white man's fly. So did they precede the settlers or were they concurrent? Most accounts are that honeybees preceded in advance of the white man: In the Historical Honeybee Archives http://pets.groups.yahoo.com/group/HistoricalHoneybeeArticles we have some articles concerning the advancement of honeybee in the USA. The first record of bees in Ohio in 1754 Probably by Swarming. (Source: Eva Crane, World History of Beekeeping and Honey Hunting, Pg. 359) Tioga Eagle Wednesday, February 07, 1849 Wellsboro, Pennsylvania Is the Bee the Harbinger of Civilization?-The Author of A Tour on the Prairies, says the Indians regard the bee as the harbinger of the white man, as the buffalo is of the red man; and say, that in proportion as the bee advances the Indian and the buffalo retire. The wild bee is said to be seldom met with at any great distance from the frontier. When the honey bee first crossed the Mississippi, the Indians, with surprise, found the hollow trees of their forests suddenly teeming with honey; and nothing can exceed the greedy relish with which they banquet for the first time upon this unsought luxury of the wilderness. At present, the honey bee swarms in myriads in the noble greaves and forests that skirt and intersect the prairies, and extend along the alluvial bottoms of The rivers. Prairie Du Chien Weekly Courier Thursday, June 26, 1856 Prairie Du Chien, Wisconsin Bees and Quails.- The Rev, A. H. Milburn, in a lecture on the west says: Two remarkable facts are to be noted in respect to the advancement of whites. the first is that the quail, unknown to the Indian, makes its first appearance- from whence no man knows, when the white man ploughs and plants his fields, affording an abundance of delicate food to the pioneers. The second fact is, the honey bee is not found in the country while in possession of the Indians. It keeps just in advance of the advancing wave of civilization. When the Indians see swarms of those new visitors, their wise men sadly acknowledge that it is time for them to abandon their pleasant hunting grounds and the graves of their fathers, and seek new homes. Best Wishes, Joe ~ Derry, PA ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 2 Dec 2007 05:40:47 -0800 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Grant Gillard Subject: Re: Argentina frost In-Reply-To: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Is it "buy the rumor and sell the fact," or the other way around? While it's always prudent to know how all these world-wide factors and sympathetic crops shape up and impact other crops, including honey, I don't think it's time to fetch the captain his brown pants. We also had a killing freeze in the upper midwest this past spring. Every fruiting crop was wiped out. No apples, no peaches, no strawberries. Wheat and oats were damaged, hay was froze out, even the pecan trees got hit. Lots of doom and gloom. I confess I was concerned enough to fetch the captain his red shirt. As the growing season panned out, the quantity of honey in SE Missouri was not appreciably affected. It did change the quality, however. Much of my honey this year was darker and very little clover to be seen. Yet my honey crop was larger than ever. I think the perspective to hold is to recognize the multiple "windows" of blooms during the growing season. Our freeze slammed shut one window and limited the next window. But as the season progresses, other plants bloom during their normal time. Then when the news reported the horrible drought, the reality was our nectar flow was over anyway and it ha little impact upon us. I'm all for being informed, but I question the fear-mongering that passes for our daily news. The glass maybe half-full, but I still got a glass! Grant Jackson, MO --------------------------------- Get easy, one-click access to your favorites. Make Yahoo! your homepage. ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 2 Dec 2007 07:15:38 -0700 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: C Hooper Subject: Propolis May Be Helpful in Treating Colitis MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/plain; CHARSET=US-ASCII Propolis May Be Helpful in Treating Colitis Effectiveness of Mesalamine and Propolis in Experimental Colitis Advances In Therapy, Volume 24 No. 5 September/October 2007 Pgs. 1085-1097 http://apitherapy.blogspot.com/2007/12/propolis-may-be-helpful-in-treating.html This study was conducted to investigate the effects of propolis and mesalamine on experimental colitis in rats... Most propolis-treated rats had normal histology; mesalamine-treated and propolis+mesalamine-treated rats had inflammatory cell infiltration at rates of 50% and 33%, respectively. The investigators concluded that propolis and mesalamine are efficient independently and in combination, but that their combined effect was not observed to be additive in experimental colitis. ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 2 Dec 2007 10:37:58 -0500 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: "=?windows-1252?Q?J._Waggle?=" Subject: Re: Bees and settlers Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit waldig@netzero.com wrote: >One of the books by James Fenimore Cooper - I think the title was Prairie - has a secondary character who is a young beekeeper hunting bees in Indian country on the frontier. Perhaps not historically accurate but this reference indicates the swarms somewhat preceded the settlers. Hello Waldemar, I cannot locate the reference by James Fenimore Cooper pertaining to bees ‘preceding the settlers' or similar accounts thereof associated with bees by J. F. Cooper. Please send more info, I would like to acquire the reference. The only 'James Fenimore Cooper reference to bees in the frontier that I could locate, is an account of beelining in a book titled: 'James Fenimore Cooper' (1913) Author: Mary E Phillips However, there is no mention of honeybees ‘preceding settlers‘, or the ‘honeybees advancement westward‘. There is a book by Washington Irving titled ‘Crayon papers and A tour of the prairies’ that has this description you describe, and the quote most often referenced by writers and historians; Eva Crane etc. Speaking of the Westward advancement of honeybees; “…They have been the heralds of civilization, steadfastly preceding it as it advanced from the Atlantic borders…” ===Book Excerpt Start===> A tour of the parries was by Washington Irving (1783-1859) Crayon papers and A tour of the prairies (1900) Irving, Washington, CHAPTER IX. A BEE HUNT. “THE beautiful forest in which we were encamped abounded in bee-trees ; that is to say, trees in the decayed trunks of which wild bees had established their hives. It is surprising in what countless swarms the bees have overspread the Far West, within but a moderate number of years. The Indians consider them the harbinger of the white man, as the buffalo is of the red man; and say that, in proportion as the bee advances, the Indian and buffalo retire. We are always accustomed to associate the hum of the bee-hive with the farmhouse and flower-garden, and to consider those industrious little animals as connected with the busy haunts of man, and I am told that the wild bee is seldom to be met with at any great distance from the frontier. They have been the heralds of civilization, steadfastly preceding it as it advanced from the Atlantic borders, and some of the ancient settlers of the West pretend to give the very year when the honey-bee first crossed the Mississippi. The Indians with surprise found the mouldering trees of their forests suddenly teeming with ambrosial sweets, and nothing, I am told, can exceed the greedy relish with which they banquet for the first time upon this unbought luxury of the wilder- At present the honey-bee swarms in myriads, in the noble groves and forests which skirt and intersect the prairies, and extend along the alluvial bottoms of the rivers,…” ===End===> Best Wishes, Joe ~ Derry, PA http://pets.groups.yahoo.com/group/HistoricalHoneybeeArticles ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 2 Dec 2007 14:55:54 -0500 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: =?UTF-8?Q?Peter_Borst?= Subject: Re: Bees and settlers Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Henry Thoreau writes: > In this Billerica [Massachusetts] solid men must have lived, select from year to year; a series of town clerks, at least; and there are old records that you may search. Some spring the white man came, built him a house, and made a clearing here, letting in the sun, dried up a farm, piled up the old gray stones in fences, cut down the pines around his dwelling, planted orchard seeds brought from the old country, and persuaded the civil apple-tree to blossom next to the wild pine and the juniper, shedding its perfume in the wilderness. Their old stocks still remain. He culled the graceful elm from out the woods and from the river-side, and so refined and smoothed his village plot. He rudely bridged the stream, and drove his team afield into the river meadows, cut the wild grass, and laid bare the homes of beaver, otter, muskrat, and with the whetting of his scythe scared off the deer and bear. He set up a mill, and fields of English grain sprang in the virgin soil. And with his grain he scattered the seeds of the dandelion and the wild trefoil over the meadows, mingling his English flowers with the wild native ones. The bristling burdock, the sweet-scented catnip, and the humble yarrow planted themselves along his woodland road, they too seeking "freedom to worship God" in their way. And thus he plants a town. The white man’s mullein soon reigned in Indian cornfields, and sweet-scented English grasses clothed the new soil. Where, then, could the Red Man set his foot? The honey-bee hummed through the Massachusetts woods, and sipped the wild-flowers round the Indian’s wigwam, perchance unnoticed, when, with prophetic warning, it stung the Red child’s hand, forerunner of that industrious tribe that was to come and pluck the wild-flower of his race up by the root. < from "A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers", "Sunday" section, 1849 ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 2 Dec 2007 17:44:45 -0500 Reply-To: james.fischer@gmail.com Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: James Fischer Subject: Re: Bees and settlers MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit >> One of the books by James Fenimore Cooper... > I cannot locate the reference by James Fenimore Cooper... I loved Cooper when I was a kid. Read everything multiple times. The story is "The Oak Openings", sometimes titled "The Bee Hunter". It is the exciting story of Ben Boden, alias "Ben Buzz", alias "le Bourdon", alias "The Drone", who had a nice little niche business in harvesting honey from "bee trees", and selling it to civilians. Read it here: http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext03/kpnng10.txt or your library is 100% certain to have a copy. This may be the only deliberate fiction ever written about Bee-Lining, but the specific techniques described are just as bogus as the bulk of what was offered as "fact" up to and including Euell Gibbons' laughable attempt in the 1970s. But no way bees "preceded the settlers" by anything more than the distance covered by swarms. This story verifies the short distance between bee trees and settlers, as Ben Boden has no trouble with his product suffering from storage or transport before sale, and his means of transport are limited to walking or canoes. I'm not saying more, as I'll not give away the story. ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 2 Dec 2007 22:35:18 -0500 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: "=?windows-1252?Q?J._Waggle?=" Subject: Re: Bees and settlers Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit >But no way bees "preceded the settlers" by anything >more than the distance covered by swarms. Lets look for a moment at some written accounts, and leave the assumptions out of this. A tour of the parries was by Washington Irving (1783-1859) states that bees were steadfastly preceding in advance of the settlers. "They have been the heralds of civilization, steadfastly preceding it as it advanced from the Atlantic borders" Eva Crane in World History of Beekeeping and Honey Hunting, Pg. 359 states that bees spread by swarming in to these states: Connecticut Pennsylvania South Carolina Tennessee Mississippi Ohio Michigan Missouri Indiana Vermont Iowa Illinois Mew Jersey Nebraska Colorado Arkansas Texas Wisconsin Oklahoma No mention by Eva Crane of settlers transporting bees into these states. I would trust Eva Cranes expert research over all else. Also, we have accounts from Longs Expedition of swarms found in “great numbers” far into the frontier. On the ist of September, we were under the necessity of remaining encamped near the mouth of Wolf river, *150 that some repairs might be made to the steam engine. Here we sent out some persons to hunt, who after a short time returned, having taken a deer, a turkey, and three swarms of bees, which afforded us about half a barrel of honey. 1819-1820 S. H. Long's Expedition Pg. 181 On the 4th of September we were joined by the hunters, who brought two deer, and informed us they had killed several others. Lieutenant Field’s boat was allowed to remain at the encampment of the preceding night, after the departure of the steamboat, for the purpose of taking on board a large quantity of honey. Swarms of bees were found here in great numbers, and the honey they afforded made a valuable addition to our provisions, consisting now in a great measure of hunters’ fare.” (Source: Edwin James, Account of an Expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains Performed in the years 1819 - 1820, Longs Expedition, Pg 215) Accounts from frontiersmen / bee hunters like Davy Crockett also pleased to find swarms of bees far into the frontier. Ole Davy makes no mention of his having to sneak onto a settlers property to the “distance covered by swarms” to get his “honey a-plenty” “No less of a frontiersman than Davy Crockett was pleased to find that in Texas “there were bees and honey a-plenty” in 1836.” (Source: Tammy Horn, Bees in America, Pg. 72) Best Wishes, Joe ~ Derry, PA http://pets.groups.yahoo.com/group/HistoricalHoneybeeArticles FeralBeeProject.com ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 05:18:04 GMT Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: "waldig@netzero.com" Subject: Re: Bees and settlers Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Disposition: inline Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit >>I cannot locate the reference by James Fenimore Cooper pertaining to bees ‘preceding the settlers' or similar accounts thereof associated with bees by J. F. Cooper. Please send more info, I would like to acquire the reference. Here you are. Amazingly, The Prairie is available online at www.bibliomania.com/0/0/23/51/frameset.html You can search there for 'bee' and on page 3 in chapter 3 read how the young bee hunter says: 'You think a tree is wanting for a swarm to settle in! But I know differently; and so I have stretched out a few hundred miles farther west than common, to taste your honey. And, now, I have bated your curiosity, stranger, you will just move aisde, while I tell the remainder of my story to this young woman.' The old trapper was certainly very surprised to come across a bee hunter so far away from the settlements. I believe The Prairie takes place west of the Mississippi. I was a real pleasure to re-read just now some of JF Cooper's work in English! [I read him in Polish when I was 13 or 14 years old...] I'll have to re-read the entire trilogy when I have some spare time... Waldemar ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 08:25:36 -0500 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: =?UTF-8?Q?Peter_Borst?= Subject: Re: Bees and settlers Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit J. Waggle wrote: > No less of a frontiersman than Davy Crockett was pleased to find that in Texas "there were bees and honey a-plenty" in 1836. * Davy WAS in Texas in 1836. For a couple of months. He died there, at the Alamo. I would hesitate to believe anything he was supposed to have said. I mean, like: "killed himself a b'ar when he was only three." By his own account he killed 105 bears in about nine months. > In May 1836 Richard Penn Smith wrote "Colonel Crockett's Exploits and Adventures in Texas" and Carey & Hart published this material claiming it was the "authentic diary" of Crockett's taken from the Alamo by a Mexican general who was later killed at the Battle of San Jacinto. > In 1884, the book was discovered as a phony after selling thousands of copies. ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 07:05:15 -0800 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: randy oliver Subject: Re: African Origin of Honey Bees MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset="iso-8859-1"; reply-type=original Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Jim said: > You and Peter can argue that one out, as you seem to be able > to disagree with him without being so disagreeable. Great idea, Jim! Perhaps it works, since Pete and I (an many others) enjoy a mutually educational discussion without personal attacks, such as your jab below: > But you seem to want to, once again, claim some sort > of special insight that is somehow superior to the general > consensus, Sorry, if you're looking for a fight, but I'm not biting. I'm on the learning curve on everything, which is one reason that I follow this List. It never occurred to me that I had "special insight" that it was the somatic DNA that codes for disease resistance--I thought that was common knowledge. Also not special insight that Nature is extremely conservative with genes, and doesn't tend to drop them. They just tend to stay in the genome, but don't get read, or or are read differently, so as not to be expressed in the same manner. Look at the atavisms in humans--people are occassionally born with fangs (nothing personal, Jim), tails, hairy bodies, etc. That is because we all still carry those genes--they just don't normally get expressed. However, as soon as a selective pressure is applied that would make expression of those genes beneficial, they are waiting there in reserve. Ditto with the genes that scutellata uses for mite control. The subspecies was likely "preadapted" before the mite arrived (not my idea or term, but can't remember the source). If the genes used came from a common ancestor with the EHB, then those genes are likely hiding in the genome, and can be selected for--a process that appears to be occurring in a number of places in the EHB worldwide population. I apologize sincerely to the List if I have come off as feeling superior! I'm simply enjoying the learning experience that I am engaged in, and am happy to share what I've learned for the benefit of all. I've got nothing to prove, and enjoy being politely corrected--indeed I implore readers to share contrary information with me, either on list, or privately. Randy Oliver ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 07:48:15 -0800 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: randy oliver Subject: Re: water jacketed tank MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset="iso-8859-1"; reply-type=original Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit re nontoxic heat exchange fluid Does anyone have experience with using mineral oil? I've heard of it being used for this purpose, but no experience myself. Randy Oliver ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 11:47:27 -0500 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: =?UTF-8?Q?Peter_Borst?= Subject: Re: African Origin of Honey Bees Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit On Mon, 3 Dec 2007 07:05:15 -0800, randy oliver wrote: > I apologize sincerely to the List if I have come off as feeling superior! > indeed I implore readers to share contrary information with me, either on list, or privately. Well, I for one, disagree that you have "come off" in any negative way. Keep up the good work you are doing! The ABJ articles are greatly informative. Things are changing are faster than ever before. One has to be all ears. We cannot afford to cling to yesterday's concepts; we have to drop quickly any failed ideas. Got to keeping running, just to stay in the race. pb ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 12:16:55 -0500 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: "Peter L. Borst" Subject: Re: African Origin of Honey Bees MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=WINDOWS-1252 Content-Disposition: inline Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Randy wrote: > The subspecies was likely "preadapted" before the mite arrived (not my idea or term, but can't remember the source). Peter: * Going back to the facts: Why do African bees seem to be able to resist mites? > In Apis cerana (the original host of Varroa), mite reproduction occurs only in the small number of sealed male (drone) honeybee brood cells. Consequently, mite populations within an A. cerana colony are low (< 800) and no adverse effects are seen. In A. mellifera EHB colonies, V. destructor also reproduces in the much more numerous worker brood cells, enabling mite populations to increase up to 2000-fold annually, causing colony death within one year. However, mite populations in similar-sized AHB colonies stabilize at 1000–3000 mites per colony, allowing colonies to survive indefinitely, although the resistance mechanism, until now, has remained elusive. > The short adult longevity of AHB (21 days versus 25–180 days for EHB) as a result of the tropical or sub-tropical climate indicates that more than 12 000 mites are needed to kill an AHB colony. Therefore, although DWV is present in AHB and A. cerana colonies, mite populations stabilize at levels well below that required to kill the colony. > It is unlikely that AHB evolved Varroa tolerance after the AHB hybrid was created as a result of increased hygienic behaviour or brood attractiveness because such factors are unlikely to lead to a stabilized mite population. Instead, tolerance has probably resulted from pre-existing resistance characteristics fortuitously coming together in the hybrid. That is a high level of mite offspring mortality in worker brood and a short life span in the adult honeybee. from: "Africanized honeybees have unique tolerance to Varroa mites" by Stephen J. Martin and Luis M. Medina * * * > Africanized honey bee workers have a shorter development period, shorter life span, and start foraging at younger ages than European honey bees. Requirements of cavities for nesting are less stringent in Africanized honey bees. In fact, in contrast with European honey bees, Africanized honey bees frequently construct exposed nests, which are smaller and store a lower amount of honey. Differences in reproductive biology are also striking with swarming rates and extent of drone production considerably larger in Africanized than in European honey bees. In addition to swarming, Africanized honey bees have spread in the neotropics due to absconding. Africanized colonies may promptly abandon their nest when disturbed or when food resources are scarce. Absconding swarms may travel as far as 160 km or more. from "TEMPORAL GENETIC STRUCTURE OF FERAL HONEY BEES (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE) IN A COASTAL PRAIRIE HABITAT OF SOUTHERN TEXAS: IMPACT OF AFRICANIZATION", A Dissertation by MARIA ALICE DA SILVA PINTO * * * > No single factor determines the ability of African bees to displace European bees. The continuity of the African genome in the Americas arises from a complex interaction of population dynamics, genetic phenomena, and physiological and behavioral mechanisms. In this presentation, I focus on four factors that we have studied recently: 1) African-patriline advantages during queen replacement; 2) differential use of African and European sperm by queens; 3) nest usurpation by African swarms; and 4) decreased developmental stability in hybrid workers. Each of these factors may be involved in the asymmetrical gene flow between African and European populations and contribute to the prevalence of African bees in areas that were once dominated by European honeybees. from "Mechanisms that Favor the Continuity of the African Honeybee Genome in the Americas" by Stanley S. Schneider and Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman * * * It is important to realize that animal behaviors may be linked. By selecting for one trait you may also be inadvertently selecting for another. For example: 1 AHBs experience rapid colony growth and frequent swarming at small colony sizes 2 AHBs are less selective in choice of nest sites 3 AHB colonies produce and maintain larger numbers of drones 4 AHBs are better individual foragers than group foragers. This leads to greater honey production when nectar is in short supply 5 AHBs forage more for pollen 6 AHBs have a greater tendency to swarm 7 AHBs are more tolerant to certain classes of insecticides 8 AHBs forage at an earlier age 9 AHBs show greater responsiveness to alarm pheromone 10 AHBs store less honey 11 AHBs exhibit differences in diet selection 12 AHBs have a lower mean age of worker bee 13 AHBs have shorter worker bee life spans 14 AHBs have smaller colony size 15 AHBs have a greater susceptibility to pollination-management stress 16 AHBs reproduce more frequently and rapidly 17 AHBs have shorter reaction times in response to disturbances 18 AHBs have foraging patterns that are quick and furtive 19 AHBs enter the hive entrance at a greater rate of speed 20 AHBs exhibit shorter visits to food sources 21 AHBs show less persistence to a food patch 22 AHBs initiate faster defensive behavior 23 AHBs exhibit faster initiation of grooming behavior in response to infestation of Varroa mites 24 AHBs exhibit less hoarding of a sucrose solution 25 AHBs exhibit differential sensitivity to changes in reward frequency 26 AHBs exhibit lower levels of being able to learning a proboscis conditioning task from "Behavioral Studies of Learning in the Africanized Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L.)" by Charles I. Abramson and Italo S. Aquino * * * more detailed references available on request. pb ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 12:43:39 -0500 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: =?windows-1252?Q?Steve_Noble?= Subject: No apologies necessary Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Randy Oliver wrote: “I apologize sincerely to the List if I have come off as feeling superior!” That’s never been my impression. Can’t think how someone would come to that conclusion. You must have come close to winning an argument. Steve Noble ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 14:02:12 -0600 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Bob Harrison Subject: Re: African Origin of Honey Bees In-Reply-To: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset="Windows-1252"; reply-type=original Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Hello Peter and All, > > Peter: > * Going back to the facts: Why do African bees seem to be able to resist > mites? After spending time in Florida with a much closer version of scutellata than the so named AHB which entered from Mexico its easy to see why those bees have no problems with varroa. 16 swarms in a season. Varroa spends most of its life clinging onto flying bees (which they are not very adapt at). Also I think its fair to point out a point which has been pointed out that the hybrid which is mostly EU is not very varroa tolerant at all. Like with the Russian bee the closer to the original bee the better both seem to handle varroa. Both these bees AHb & Russian seem for the most part uneffected by virus although Kirk Webster wrote in ABJ ( Sept. or Oct.) that at seasons end hives untreated but showing PMS signs should be shaken out on the ground and the equipment taken in cold weather. I agree with Kirk that hives which display PMS need removed from a leave alone system as the genetics will work against what you are trying to accomplish. I presonally never saw PMS in my 400 original Russian/Russian headed hives but did when open mated with other lines or hybrids. The genetics which would make a hive never need a varroa treatment is still mysterious and basically unknown. Hygienic *alone* is not the solution long term only a big help. An example is a friends 900 Marla Spivak queen headed hives only needing an OA treatment once a year. Even Russians seem to need a treatment every few years. However getting rid of *dinks* in late fall as kirk Webster suggests in ABJ (PMS signs) would go a long way to removing genetics which are *not* varroa tolerant. Back to Peters post: 26. AHB's run on the frames 27. AHB queens leave the brood nest when the nest is opened making queens hard to find (hide has been suggested) 28.AHb reacts to venom different than other bees. Even a single sting (quickly masked by smoke) can set the hives off. 29 AHb is more defensive when a honey flow is on (which has always been hard for me to understand) bob -- This message has been scanned for viruses and dangerous content by MailScanner, and is believed to be clean. ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 13:13:14 -0800 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Eugene Makovec Subject: Re: Bees and settlers In-Reply-To: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit > >But no way bees "preceded the settlers" by anything > >more than the distance covered by swarms. Given that Africanized bees migrated from Brazil to Arkansas in 50 years (despite some valiant attempts by governments and beekeepers to prevent it), it would seem to me that European bees would quickly have outpaced the settlers who introduced them to the New World. Eugene Makovec Kirkwood, MO USA ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 18:00:57 -0500 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Brian Fredericksen Subject: phthalates Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit with growing attention to phthalates in plastics regarding food and toys etc one must wonder if there is any issue with beekeeping too. http://www.ourstolenfuture.org/NEWSCIENCE/oncompounds/phthalates/phthalates.htm think about the various uses plastic now has in commercial beekeeping foundation, frames, queen cups, feeders i don't know enough about the science behind the concerns and then how that translates to bee health risks. put another way what risk if any is associated with the use of plastic in brood nest chambers? ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 18:19:26 -0500 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: "=?windows-1252?Q?J._Waggle?=" Subject: Re: Bees and settlers Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Peter Borst wrote: ." By his own >account he killed 105 bears in about nine months. Actually, killing 2.9 bears a week is no big feat for a skilled woodsman traveling across vast areas, and in light of the abundance of game at the time. Be aware, at the time, bears were the fur trappers enemy, and bears would often would eat the trapped beaver, muskrat etc. Indians, frontier residents were all skilled woodsmen, and would also trap small game for food and pelts. So they would be eager to tip off bear hunters as to the location of bear areas and places bears frequent. And fur trappers eagerly killed bears whenever possible. And being a bee hunter himself, Davy would have the bait to bring in the bear if needed. ;) Enough of Bear-L, back to bees. Best Wishes, Joe ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 14:37:38 -0500 Reply-To: james.fischer@gmail.com Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: James Fischer Subject: Re: Bees and settlers MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit >> I cannot locate the reference by James Fenimore Cooper >> pertaining to bees 'preceding the settlers' or similar >> accounts thereof associated with bees by J. F. Cooper. > Here you are. Amazingly, The Prairie is available online But it is not a factual account at all. Cooper wrote fiction! "The Prairie" was one of Cooper's series of "Leatherstocking Tales" ("The Deerslayer", "The Last of the Mohicans", "The Pathfinder", "The Pioneer", "The Prairie"). All were fiction. The stories are the adventures of Natty Bumppo, who in the story "The Prairie" is semi-retired, living on the frontier and spinning tall tales. So, it is fiction about someone clearly telling "tall tales", which is TWO layers of fiction. Fiction about fiction. As I recall, one big clue that one should not mistake this story as a source for any accurate information about biology is the scene where Dr. Bat mistakes his own donkey for a new species of animal. :) ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 16:53:55 -0800 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: randy oliver Subject: Re: African Origin of Honey Bees MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset="Windows-1252"; reply-type=response Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Although Bob was dissed by another in a recent post, I for one, feel that the List is greatly enriched by his vast beekeeping experience and keen eye. Bob said: >Hygienic *alone* is not the solution long term only a big help. For the near future, I agree. The "big help" part is the key aspect. Resistant bees can greatly reduce beekeeper input necessary to manage mites. > An example is a friends 900 Marla Spivak queen headed hives only needing > an OA treatment once a year. Similar to my experience with my current stock. With just a bit of help, most can hold their own. > Back to Peters post: Might I add: 30. React quickly and defensively to movement in front of the entrance or a shadow across the top bars. Randy Oliver ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 18:13:43 -0800 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Mike Stoops Subject: Re: water jacketed tank antifreeze In-Reply-To: <00bb01c835c3$eb5d8a50$9aaa5142@MyPC> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit randy oliver wrote: re nontoxic heat exchange fluid Does anyone have experience with using mineral oil? I've heard of it being used for this purpose, but no experience myself. Randy Oliver Randy, Seems the oil would help retard evaporation of water, but being nonmiscible with water would do little in the way of acting as an antifreeze. Mike in LA --------------------------------- Get easy, one-click access to your favorites. Make Yahoo! your homepage. ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 21:22:39 -0500 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Aaron Morris Subject: Re: water jacketed tank antifreeze MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable randy asked, "Does anyone have experience with using mineral oil?" Mike answered, "Seems the oil would help retard evaporation of water, = but being nonmiscible with water would do little in the way of acting as = an antifreeze." Correct me if I'm wrong Randy, but I believe the question posed meant = using FGMO instead of water. Aaron Morris - I think, therefore I bee! ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 20:54:04 -0600 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Charles Harper Subject: Re: water jacketed tank antifreeze In-Reply-To: <10418.66636.qm@web53406.mail.re2.yahoo.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Mineral oil is used in the Cook&Beals heat exchanger instead of water by a few beekeepers. Harper's Honey Farm Charles Harper labeeman@russianbreeder.com (337) 298 6261 ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 4 Dec 2007 04:54:38 -0700 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: C Hooper Subject: Honey a Better Option for Childhood Cough than Over the Counter Medications MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/plain; CHARSET=US-ASCII Honey a Better Option for Childhood Cough than Over the Counter Medications Science Daily, 12/4/2007 http://apitherapy.blogspot.com/2007/12/honey-better-option-for-childhood-cough.html A new study by a Penn State College of Medicine research team found that honey may offer parents an effective and safe alternative than over the counter children's cough medicines... ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 4 Dec 2007 10:52:15 EST Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Russ Dean Subject: Rothenbuhler Bee Lab Closed? MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable =20 _Rothenbuhler Bee Lab Closed?_=20 (http://honeyrunapiaries.com/blog/rothenbuhler-bee-lab-closed/100)=20 The official word is that the scope of the beekeeping research on the =20 Columbus (Ohio State) campus at the Rothenbuhler Bee Laboratory has been =20= =E2=80=98reduced=E2=80=99=20 for the present. While the OSU Entomology administration recognizes the=20 importance and contributions of the lab, restricted funding is a fact withi= n=20 university systems across the US...... **************************************Check out AOL's list of 2007's hottest= =20 products. (http://money.aol.com/special/hot-products-2007?NCID=3Daoltop00030000000001) ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 4 Dec 2007 11:15:58 -0500 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Bill Lord Subject: Water jacketed tank- mineral oil MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Randy; I am curious about mineral oil too. I guess the question is what will a = hot water heating element do to the heat-exchange fluid? I have honey = storage tanks in unheated buildings too and although I know the = stainless steel tanks are good I don't want to think about what a leak = could do. Bill Lord ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 4 Dec 2007 14:05:13 -0500 Reply-To: bee-quick@bee-quick.com Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: James Fischer Subject: Re: Rothenbuhler Bee Lab Closed? MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit > While the OSU Entomology administration recognizes the > importance and contributions of the lab, restricted funding > is a fact within university systems across the US... "Ilium fuit", as they taught us in school. But merely closing the lab is not enough, they want to raze the structure, (and likely salt the fields, too) Sue Cobey already fled the jurisdiction, so at least our women are safe from these Visigoths. I find it highly amusing that they plead poverty, but somehow have the cash to contract with a demolition company and build a brand-spankin' new building on the site. http://honeyrunapiaries.com/blog/rothenbuler-bee-lab-to-be-destroyed/107 I'm not sure what the historical significance of the building itself might be, but Ohio State is clearly getting out of the business of bee research just when serious money starts to become available. Duh. ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 4 Dec 2007 14:52:55 -0500 Reply-To: lloyd@rossrounds.com Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Lloyd Spear Subject: Rothenbuhler Bee Lab Closed MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Disposition: inline *I have spent a fair amount of time in the Rothenbuhler Lab, and don't think it is anything special...as a building goes. It is relatively new, I'd say within the past 25 years. No special construction. It may be on a slab. Other than the emotional thing, I can't imagine why someone thinks it is worth moving. But it is certainly on a prime location.* *All the Ag. programs at OS are 'in trouble', financially. Right or wrong, OS has made a decision that all the programs have to 'pay their own way'. That means that student tuition has to offset expenses AND expenses include administrative overhead. My understanding is that overhead is allocated based on square feet utilized. This decision is killing the Ag. programs, who need massive amounts of sq. feet. * ** *Too bad. OS was one of the building blocks of Ag. programs in the US. * *-- Lloyd Spear Owner Ross Rounds, Inc. Manufacture of equipment for round comb honey sections, Sundance Pollen Traps, and producer of Sundance custom labels. Contact your dealer or **www.RossRounds.com* ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 4 Dec 2007 13:27:51 -0800 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Grant Gillard Subject: Re: Water jacketed tank- mineral oil In-Reply-To: <233FA185A2FD418AAC3EB5C8B3309F36@BillLordPC> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Bill Lord wrote: "I know the stainless steel tanks are good I don't want to think about what a leak could do." Well, let's start thinking outside the box. Maybe if your tanks leaked and the mineral oil comingled with the honey, we could start marketing a honey laxative. What's next? Maybe a pollen-based toilet paper (better than propolis in my book). Grant Jackson, MO --------------------------------- Looking for last minute shopping deals? Find them fast with Yahoo! Search. ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 4 Dec 2007 19:19:58 -0500 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Brian Fredericksen Subject: Re: Honey a Better Option for Childhood Cough than Over the Counter Medications Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit http://archpedi.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/short/161/12/1140 they used buckwheat honey in the study. many of the immigrant Russian women at my farmers market swear by Basswood honey for coughs and sore throat.. news article too http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2007/12/03/national/a130830S64.DTL&tsp=1 ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 4 Dec 2007 22:42:39 -0800 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: randy oliver Subject: Re: Water jacketed tank- mineral oil MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset="iso-8859-1"; reply-type=original Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit bill asked: I guess the question is what will a hot water heating element do to the heat-exchange fluid? Couldn't tell you Bill. I'm catching up on mail--I've been mailed privately that there are manufacturers that use mineral oil for a heat exchange fluid, but I don't know what type of element that they use. Randy ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 4 Dec 2007 21:54:26 -0500 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: ALDEN MARSHALL Subject: Re: water jacketed tank antifreeze MIME-version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset=iso-8859-1; reply-type=response Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit Subject: Re: [BEE-L] water jacketed tank antifreeze > Mineral oil is used in the Cook&Beals heat exchanger instead of water by a > few beekeepers. > FWIW- oil, not necessarily mineral, is used as a thermal medium in a number of electrical devices for cooling, transformers for one. Therefore it is just as god for heating with the much higher temperature capability and negligible evaporation. Alden Marshall Hudson, NH ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 5 Dec 2007 16:42:25 -0500 Reply-To: bee-quick@bee-quick.com Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: James Fischer Subject: Re: Rothenbuhler Bee Lab Closed MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit > I have spent a fair amount of time in the Rothenbuhler Lab, > and don't think it is anything special...as a building goes. My bad - it turns out that there are two different structures, one small and very old, one larger and newer, both apparently called "The Rothenbuhler Lab". Allow me to quote Kim Flottum, who is privy to so many details, he likely even knows where the privy is: "...the one they want to destroy is a 70 or 80 year old structure (maybe even older) that Rothenbuhler used as a queen grafting building. The other, the actual Rothenbuhler Bee Lab, is still standing and in good shape and will be used by entomology extension I understand. Interestingly, out back are the observation hive buildings Walter used when he was in Iowa, and moved to Columbus all those years ago. I suspect they will not withstand the progress that is about to descend on the lab. All other vestiges of beekeeping science have been moved out and are now in Jim's lab in Wooster." [End of Kim's comments] So, the "queen grafting building" is the structure of historical significance. Moving it to Wooster makes sense, as that is where one can sit on Langsthorth's bench while wearing Richard Taylor's straw hat. With the addition of Rothenbuhler's "shed" to the collection of the "bee museum", another pilgrimage to Wooster Ohio would be in order, so that one could sit on Langstroth's bench and wear Richard Taylor's hat, all while INSIDE Rothenbuhler's shed. If that doesn't improve our beekeeping skills, we will be forced to abandon the whole "learning by osmosis" approach to beekeeping education. :) ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 5 Dec 2007 20:03:56 -0500 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Zachary_Huang?= Subject: Re: Rothenbuhler Bee Lab Closed Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit i hope the OSU bee research continues....just saw a recent advertisement from them. it mentions bee research, but only preference to social insects...encourage bee guys to apply for this job would keep the lab, I guess. ************* Assistant Professor Insect Molecular Neuroscientist Department of Entomology The Ohio State University POSITION DESCRIPTION: Assistant Professor, nine-month tenure-track appointment addressing molecular aspects of insect neuroscience. LOCATION: The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio QUALIFICATIONS: A Ph.D. in entomology or related fields with emphasis on molecular aspects of insect neuroscience. All fields of insect neuroscience will be considered. The Department has a strong tradition in honey bee research and thus would especially welcome applicants interested in social insects. Must document experience in conducting research and demonstrate strong oral and written communication skills, and ability to attract extramural funding. Teaching and postdoctoral experience are desirable. RESPONSIBILITIES: The successful candidate is expected to develop a major research program in molecular neuroscience focusing on insects. Research areas may include such areas as functional genomics, neurophysiology, neuroendocrinology, molecular genetics, learning, sensory perception, genome-based exploration of behavior, or examination of the neural basis for a wide range of behaviors associated with social insects. The University and Department provide a collaborative environment, and the successful candidate is expected to interact with numerous researchers who work in areas of physiology, behavior and sociality from the molecular to ecosystems levels. The faculty member will teach a course in their specialty and participate in the teaching of introductory biology. As part of the expectation of developing a nationally-recognized research program, the incumbent will attract extramural funding, participate in national and international scientific meetings, advise graduate students and postdoctoral researchers, and publish research results in leading peer-reviewed journals. Excellence in instructing undergraduate and graduate students is expected. APPLICATION INFORMATION: Applicants should send a letter describing research and teaching interests and career goals, a detailed curriculum vita, and recent reprints and manuscripts accepted for publication to David L. Denlinger (Search Committee Chair), Department of Entomology, Ohio State University, 400 Aronoff Laboratory, 318 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1242. Applicants also should request three letters of reference to be sent directly to the Search Committee. Applications will be accepted until January 31, 2008 or until a suitable applicant is selected. To build a diverse workforce Ohio State encourages applications from individuals with disabilities, minorities, veterans, and women. Flexible work options are available. EEO/AA employer. ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 5 Dec 2007 21:27:33 -0600 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Bob Harrison Subject: Re: Rothenbuhler Bee Lab Closed Comments: To: bee-quick@BEE-QUICK.COM In-Reply-To: <000001c83787$badb8380$0201000a@j> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset="iso-8859-1"; reply-type=original Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Hello All, I looked through current issues of both Hive and the Honey Bee and ABC XYZ and only minor reference to Rothenbuhler. Many beekeepers which have only been around beekeeping for a decade or so might not realize the weight the voice of Dr. Rothenbuhler carried in his day. In my opinion he was decades ahead of his time. Rothenbuhler *successfully* selected lines of bees which were resistant to the *virus* which causes hairless -black syndrome using instrumental insemination ( II) and was one of the first researchers to embrace the new beekeeping tool II. Page was his student. One of the first beekeeping problems I read about years ago was "disappearing Disease". Bill Wilson (USDA-ARS) told beekeepers he was going to solve the mystery but as time went on he never could find the source of the problem. Then beekeepers started calling "disappearing disease "Bill Wilson's disease" (sound familiar to today's CCD issue?). The CCD team quickly wanted to call the new problem other than "disappearing disease" ( and now you know the rest of the story as Paul Harvey would say) Then the highly respected Dr. Rothenbuhler came to Bill's rescue and the industry thought for sure the source of Disappearing disease would be found . I personally never saw a case of disappearing disease or knew a beekeeper with the described symptoms at the time ( but like CCD does not mean the problem was not real). . We waited but no smoking gun. many articles said Wilson was close to solving the mystery! The final word from Dr. Rothenbuhler ( Dr. R.) was disappearing disease was caused by a genetic problem. Dr. R. saw genetics as the solution for all our bee problems even way back then. Page and Tabor agreed. Many researchers of the period felt opening our borders to new genetics was needed. Possibly Tabor could be said as to have opened our borders without permission but a subject for another post. Even the import of Buckfast semen was opposed by many beekeepers. The U.S. beekeeping industry would crash they said. Think of the possible problems from semen import. If you do a BEE-L archive search using my name and Rothenbuhler I think you will find I quote Dr. R. quite a bit. In my opinion his ideas and research has stood the test of time. Sincerely, Bob Harrison -- This message has been scanned for viruses and dangerous content by MailScanner, and is believed to be clean. ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 6 Dec 2007 01:00:00 -0500 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Tim Arheit Subject: Re: Rothenbuhler Bee Lab Closed In-Reply-To: Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" At 08:03 PM 12/5/2007, you wrote: >i hope the OSU bee research continues....just saw a recent advertisement >from them. >RESPONSIBILITIES: The successful candidate is expected to develop a major >research program in molecular neuroscience focusing on insects. I had heard several months ago they were going to start publishing for this position, but details weren't worked out and nothing was official. Unfortunately their focus 'molecular neuroscience' and 'ability to attract extramural funding' pretty much means you aren't going to see the type of breeding program Sue Cobey and others before her at the lab maintained. Typically these neuroscience type of programs need very few hives. I could be wrong, and there could be some deeper understanding of honeybee biology discovered that may help down the road, but I doubt we'll see much direct benefit to beekeepers as we did previously. The landscape may be a bit different with beekeeping funding right now, but it doesn't look like OSU is betting on it. -Tim ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 6 Dec 2007 09:05:25 -0500 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Zachary_Huang?= Subject: Re: Rothenbuhler Bee Lab Closed Comments: To: Tim Arheit Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit The position was to replace Dr. Brian Smith, who is a neuroscientist studying honey bees. He moved to Arizona State University where Robert Page Jr is the new head of school of life sciences -- that university now has 6 bee people now! All tenure track positions require getting extramural funds, this is how universities are run now (more like a business). We are lucky Sue is still staying with bees, albeit at UC-Davis. Beekeepers should be happy to see 2.5 recently bee positions opened. one at UC Davis, one at Rutgers. I call the OSU half, since it can still be filled by a bee person. Zachary Huang www.beetography.com ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 6 Dec 2007 10:24:21 -0500 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: "Malcolm T. Sanford" Subject: More on Dr. Walter Rothenbuhler In-Reply-To: Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed See full text of: "The Lasting Influence of Two Men" Bee Culture (March 2003), Vol. 131, No. 3, pp. 19-22, a retrospective of . Dr. Rothenbuhler and his work at http://apisenterprises.com/papers_htm/BC2003/The%20Lasting%20Influence%20of%20Two%20Men.htm Find other articles written since 1993 in Bee Culture at http://www.squidoo.com/Bee_Culture: Dr. Malcolm T. Sanford Executive Director Global Bee Breeders Association http://gbba.vze.com/ http://pets.groups.yahoo.com/group/gbba/ Australia Blog http://abeekeepersblog.blogspot.com ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 6 Dec 2007 20:26:31 -0500 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Peter Subject: bird control = Merops MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset="iso-8859-1"; reply-type=response Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Greetings, does anyone in the group have any experience with controlling bird predators in tropical climates? Specifically Merops. I would be grateful for any information, which could be sent directly, to save cluttering Bee-L. Peter ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 6 Dec 2007 14:03:03 -0600 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Bob Harrison Subject: Re: Rothenbuhler Bee Lab Closed In-Reply-To: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset="iso-8859-1"; reply-type=original Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Hello All, My last post was done quickly and after a long day on the road delivering drums of honey in the Missouri Ozarks to the horse and buggy people. Was an interesting day to say the least. The first glaring mistake was the spelling of Steve Tabors name. The second was that Page was not a student of Rothenbuhler but came to work at the Rothenbuhler lab after Rothenbuhler's retirement. I should have done my homework better. I apologize to the list. Thanks for the two world renown bee researchers which emailed me pointing out my error! They also added the following information: " Page was a student of Norman Gary and worked with Dr. Laidlaw in developing the closed system breeding program" I might add Page's book is a book I refer to often and one of the best books on bee breeding and genetics around. Also the book Dann Purvis refers to often in our conversations. "Rothenbuhler was the pioneer of understanding the hygienic behavior genetics and its relation to AFB" I think Dr. R. is best known in beekeeping circles for his belief that through genetics AFB could become a minor issue . However I can name at least two researchers which keep hives around with AFB trying to find the bee which will tolerate AFB but a slippery slope and just when you think the AFB resistant bee has been found the AFB reemerges and kills the hive. Rothenbuhler came from the time period when AFB almost wiped out U.S. beekeeping . bob -- This message has been scanned for viruses and dangerous content by MailScanner, and is believed to be clean. ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 6 Dec 2007 20:38:33 -0600 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Bob Harrison Subject: CCD question from Europe In-Reply-To: <12541DED68C34EBA8382EBAF0C0BEEFF@bobPC> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset="iso-8859-1"; reply-type=original Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Hello All, Things are slowing down now so maybe I can get caught up on the internet. I have got two reports of large outfits starting to seeing dwindling problems. One in the U.S. and one in Europe. Too early to fully describe now but the beekeeper in Europe has a question for the BEE-L ccd team members. Small beekeepers use para crystals to protect comb for the most part but most (not all) large beekeepers use a form of phosdin gas or the product in tablets. many brand names are sold in the U.S. and around the world. It seems that dwindling is being seen in Europe and like our CCD other bees and pests are not willing to rob. The question: Could the use of the phosdoxin (spelling) tablets or gas ( used in gas chambers in ww2) be causing comb contamination and the CCD like symptoms. Has the CCD team ever considered the fumigant ( approved for use on bee comb in the U.S. and many areas of the world) as a possible source of wax contamination causing problems like dwindling . Would the gas concentrated in comb be enough to keep pests and bees from robbing. Thanks in advance and I will take opinions off list from the CCD team if you do not want to post on the list and forward the information on to Europe (leaving out your name if you want me to). I have different computer now and have not got Jerry Brumenshenks email address or I would have sent directly the question to Jerry. I am making a return call to the U.S. beekeeper seeing problems tomorrow. So far the only problems I have heard of this season. Again has others on BEE-L heard of any CCD problems in their areas? If so I would like to speak with those beekeepers with the problems. Not interested in rumors. The correct spelling of Steve Tabers name is Steve Taber. bob -- This message has been scanned for viruses and dangerous content by MailScanner, and is believed to be clean. ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 6 Dec 2007 20:33:23 -0800 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Paul Cherubini Subject: Re: CCD question from Europe MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Bob Harrison wrote: > It seems that dwindling is being seen in Europe > and like our CCD other bees and pests are not willing to rob. Bob, is the honey leftover in the comb of CCD affected hives considered safe for human and animal consumption? If not, why not? If so, then how is it conceivable that there could be a natural or man made chemical in CCD hives that is safe for human and animal consumption yet extremely repellent or toxic to food infesting insects? If such a "miracle" chemical with those unique characteristics really existed and could be isolated and manufactured then the world's food packing and processing plants and food storage warehouses would buy billions of dollars worth of it. Paul Cherubini El Dorado, Calif. ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 7 Dec 2007 07:47:56 +0200 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Roger White Subject: CCD question from Europe MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset="iso-8859-1"; reply-type=response Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Bob Harrison asked a question about Phostoxin. I doubt very much if it is the cause of CCD. This fumigant is used widely here and has been for years with no observable negative effects. It is a highly toxic chemical, but also extremely volatile and does not contaminate wax. If there was any in wax it would kill a colony of bees. It can penetrate about 30cm of concrete which indicates just how effective it is. Best regards Roger White Cyprus. ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 7 Dec 2007 04:34:29 -0700 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: C Hooper Subject: Propolis Component Accelerates Wound Healing MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/plain; CHARSET=US-ASCII Propolis Component Accelerates Wound Healing Caffeic Acid Phenetyl Ester Accelerates Cutaneous Wound Healing in a Rat Model and Decreases Oxidative Stress Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, Volume 32 Issue 6 Page 709-715, November 2007 http://apitherapy.blogspot.com/2007/12/propolis-component-accelerates-wound.html Background. Cutaneous injury causes a depression in antioxidant status, as reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in response to injury. Aim. To determine the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, on wound healing in rats... ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 7 Dec 2007 07:21:50 -0500 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: =?UTF-8?Q?Peter_Borst?= Subject: Re: CCD question from Europe Comments: To: Bob Harrison Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Bob. I had never heard of the fumigant you referred to. I assume you mean: PHOSTOXIN® tablets and pellets contain aluminum phosphide (AlP) as their active ingredient and will liberate phosphine PESTS CONTROLLED PHOSTOXIN® has been found effective against vertebrate and the following insects and their preadult stages – that is, eggs, larvae and pupae: almond moth Africanized bees Angoumois grain moth bean weevil bees cadelle cereal leaf beetle cigarette beetle confused flour beetle dermestid beetle dried fruit beetle dried fruit moth European grain moth flat grain beetle fruit flies granary weevil greater wax moth hairy fungus beetle rusty grain beetle Hessian fly honeybees infested with tracheal mites Indian meal moth Khapra beetle lesser grain borer maize weevil Mediterranean flour moth pea weevil pink bollworm raisin moth red flour beetle rice weevil saw-toothed grain beetle spider beetles tobacco moth yellow mealworm woodchucks yellowbelly marmots (rockchucks) prairie dogs (except Utah prairie dogs, Cynomys Parvidens) Norway rats roof rats mice ground squirrels moles voles pocket gophers chipmunks ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 7 Dec 2007 07:34:49 -0500 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: =?UTF-8?Q?Peter_Borst?= Subject: phostoxin Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit >From the label: PHOSTOXIN® tablets and pellets may be used for the control of the Greater wax moth in stored beehives, supers, and other bee keeping equipment and for the destruction of bees, Africanized bees, and diseased bees including those infested with tracheal mites and foulbrood. Honey from treated hives or supers *may only be used for bee food* Meanwhile: AMERICAN HONEY PRODUCERS ASSOCIATION RESOLUTIONS 2007 17. Whereas, Aluminum Phosphide, commonly known as Phostoxin, is labeled for use on honey comb, be it resolved that the AHPA request IR-4 to work with Degeesch America Inc., to make an amendment to the label to *include honey in comb* for control of small hive beetle in the honey house. ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 7 Dec 2007 09:51:02 -0500 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Aaron Morris Subject: Beekeeping on St. Croix MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit I have a friend who will be going from upstate New York to St. Croix to do a bee removel. She asked if I thought the bees might be Africanized. I did a quick google search and found, "Today, Africanized honey bees are found in parts of Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, California, Puerto Rico, and St. Croix." Are there any list members who can offer current, first hand expertise on the state of beekeeping on St. Croix? Aaron Morris - wishing I had friends on St. Croix needing bee removals! ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ****************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 7 Dec 2007 12:46:02 -0500 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: "Peter L. Borst" Subject: phostoxin MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Disposition: inline Turns out phostoxin is very commonly used on food products. For example, tolerances have been set for the following products: Almond, nutmeat Avocadoes Bananas (includes Plantains) Barley, grain Brazil nuts Cabbage, Chinese Cacao bean Cashews Citrus citron Cocoa bean Coffee, bean, green Corn, field, grain Corn, pop, grain Cotton, seed, undelinted Date, dried Eggplants Endive/Escarole Filberts Grapefruit Kumquats Lemons Lettuce Limes Mangoes Legume vegetables Millet, grain Mushrooms Oats Oranges Papayas Peanut, nutmeat Pecans Peppers Persimmons Pimentos Pistachio Rice, grain Rye, grain Safflower, seed Salsify tops Sesame, seed Sorghum, grain Soybeans Sunflower, seed Sweet potatoes Tangelos Tangerines Tomatoes Walnuts Wheat ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Parts 180, 185 and 186 ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ******************************************************