From MAILER-DAEMON Sat Feb 28 11:11:22 2009 Return-Path: <> X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.1.8 (2007-02-13) on industrial X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-79.7 required=2.4 tests=ADVANCE_FEE_1,ADVANCE_FEE_2, AWL,DRUGS_ANXIETY,MAILTO_TO_SPAM_ADDR,SARE_FRAUD_X3,SPF_HELO_PASS, USER_IN_WHITELIST autolearn=disabled version=3.1.8 X-Original-To: adamf@IBIBLIO.ORG Delivered-To: adamf@IBIBLIO.ORG Received: from listserv.albany.edu (unknown [169.226.1.24]) by metalab.unc.edu (Postfix) with ESMTP id 50F5D49097 for ; Sat, 28 Feb 2009 11:03:40 -0500 (EST) Received: from listserv.albany.edu (listserv.albany.edu [169.226.1.24]) by listserv.albany.edu (8.13.8/8.13.8) with ESMTP id n1SG3YX3017258 for ; Sat, 28 Feb 2009 11:03:39 -0500 (EST) Date: Sat, 28 Feb 2009 11:03:35 -0500 From: "University at Albany LISTSERV Server (14.5)" Subject: File: "BEE-L LOG0803D" To: adamf@IBIBLIO.ORG Message-ID: Content-Length: 119486 Lines: 2774 ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2008 18:10:37 EDT Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Chris Slade Subject: Re: Fw: [BEE-L] feral bees MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit In a message dated 17/03/2008 14:56:38 GMT Standard Time, smoothevans@PCLNET.NET writes: When we have completed the task, we will remove the screen to let the new bees rob the honey from the old location. In theory the queen soon stops laying as there is no income (including water) and will eventually come out and join the throng. If, when you find her, you cover the hole with a piece of queen excluder the bees can rob their own stores without the queen gong back in. Chris **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2008 18:40:53 EDT Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Chris Slade Subject: Re: More Honey Market World Statistics MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit In a message dated 17/03/2008 21:35:29 GMT Standard Time, queenbee@GIL.COM.AU writes: The colour of flowers from which bees collect nectar determines a honey's colour. I was taught that darker honey tends to come from woody plants eg trees and ericas and lighter ones from herbaceous plants. Chris **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2008 16:39:26 -0700 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: "J. Waggle" Subject: Re: CCD? In-Reply-To: <20080321.101318.3620.1@webmail12.dca.untd.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit > "I am wondering if the package industry is spreading > something out there". This is a common thought amongst beekeepers, my response is not directed at one person, just towards the overall trend of thinking most beekeepers seemed to have adopted. My belief is package bees would be one of the least likely source for spread of disease. Remember that a swarm as would occur naturally, is a ‘starting anew’, a cleansing of the old. The time from the package is made or swarm thrown till the time of egg laying is sufficient time to cleanse the bees of most things harmful. That being said, I’m not of the belief that the solution is to point the finger at others to be fixing the problem or to initiate blame. Mom always said, when you point the finger there are 3 fingers pointing back and this is where the solution lies. Protecting your bees by tromping the evil that befalls them at their doorstop, may solve the problem temporary. BUT maintaining good stock solves the problem permanently, now as well as in future, as they will have been better prepared for what evil comes next. I have little worry for the beekeeper next door with sloppy beekeeping practices that potentially harbor AFB and other diseases, for this is the environment my bees must live in, and therefore nothing is less expected than for my bees to cope with it or die. The thought of viruses being the cause of this CCD, is also of no concern to me because viruses are found at low levels in most colonies anyways, and IMO are basically secondary level diseases that do harm to the ill fit and sickly. Joe Waggle ‘I survived the 70’s’ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Looking for last minute shopping deals? Find them fast with Yahoo! Search. http://tools.search.yahoo.com/newsearch/category.php?category=shopping **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2008 23:24:37 -0400 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Brian Fredericksen Subject: Propolis: Marla Spivak Ongoing Study Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit http://www.cfans.umn.edu/solutions/bees1.htm "She reasoned that a study could be designed to address both honeybee and human health. Testing chemical compounds against bee diseases can be done much quicker than any done with human subjects, and could produce results that can quickly be applied to combat bee diseases. Those same results could then be tested against HIV and other human viruses. She enlisted two of her colleagues from the university’s original propolis study to join her on the project, which is funded by a grant from CFANS: Jerry Cohen and Gary Gardner from the Department of Horticultural Science. “I went to Jerry and said, what would be really cool would be to analyze the components of propolis and to use the bee as a screen to quickly test which are active against bee diseases and bee viruses,” Spivak explains. “So I came up with the idea to use the bees as a screen and they came up with the methods.” **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2008 22:03:32 -0400 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Brian Fredericksen Subject: Re: CCD? Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit >From the tinfoil hat crowd we have the latest theory on CCD "The Russian Honey Plot" which has been circulating on the web. Its a pretty good laugh. Dying Bees Explained - IT'S THE RUSSIAN "HONEY PLOT" http://www.godlikeproductions.com/forum1/message345400/pg1 **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 22 Mar 2008 09:23:47 -0000 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Peter Edwards Subject: Re: More Honey Market World Statistics MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset="iso-8859-1"; reply-type=original Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Chris wrote: > I was taught that darker honey tends to come from woody plants eg trees > and > ericas Buckwheat? Best wishes Peter Edwards beekeepers at stratford-upon-avon.freeserve.co.uk www.stratford-upon-avon.freeserve.co.uk/ **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 22 Mar 2008 08:44:45 -0500 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Lionel Evans Subject: Re: Fw: [BEE-L] feral bees MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset="iso-8859-1"; reply-type=original Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Hi Chris & all, No, the queen will never come out of the hole. The frame of bees, with brood that was placed in the hive at the time of setup, will raise a new queen. By the end of about 6 to 8 weeks, almost all of the bees in the hive outside, (the capture hive) will be new and have never had any relationship to the old nest. Therefore, they will rob the old site quickly. If a beek thought the old queen was still living, he would soon see bees carrying pollen into the old site. This type of removal is not easy to do as a beginner. You have to be able to tell if bees are going back inside under the screen wire funnel or another hole they have found. Often they will chew the caulk out to make a hole to get back in. Sometimes this gets old before you get it stopped. BEES ARE PERSISTENT. Lionel North Ala. **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 22 Mar 2008 09:57:17 -0400 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: "Peter L. Borst" Subject: a *better* way MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Disposition: inline > In France, untreated and feral colonies of honey bees largely disappeared a few years after the arrival of Varroa in 1982. Varroa resistant strains of bees are of great interest for beekeeping to reduce the use of chemicals in honey bee colonies. One way to obtain resistant bees is to intensively select for single characters that decrease the growth of Varroa populations. This approach might force adaptations by the mite, limiting the genetic progress obtained by the breeder. Another possibility is to monitor natural selection in unmanaged populations. An advantage of natural selection is that it selects for a host-parasite equilibrium that may be more sustainable than human selection for a single characteristic. > Our results clearly show that some honey bee colonies can survive without protection from Varroa for longer than 1 or 2 years, as previously reported (Robaux, 1986). The 12 colonies observed in the first group of colonies survived on average at least 9.8 years, and 5 of them survived more than 11 years. During the last nine-year experiment on the second group of colonies, the mortality in the VSB [Varroa surviving bee] colonies was slightly more but not significantly different from the treated colonies. Annual colony mortality between 5 and 10 percent is considered acceptable by beekeepers in France. FROM: Honey bee colonies that have survived Varroa destructor Yves Le Conte, et al Apidologie 38 (2007) 566-572 -- Peter L. Borst Danby, NY USA 42.35, -76.50 http://picasaweb.google.com/peterlborst **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 22 Mar 2008 10:56:40 -0400 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Juanse Barros Subject: Re: Propolis: Marla Spivak Ongoing Study In-Reply-To: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Disposition: inline But Spivak reflects on the dangers to her bees, their colonies and beekeepers, and hopes for something different. "I really hope that bees change propolis when they collect it, because that leaves bees in the picture," she says. "I want them to be indispensable, so that people maintain the bees, which are so important." http://www.cfans.umn.edu/solutions/bees1.htm I can assure this is like this, bees are indispensable. I been experimenting for the past three year with the uses of propolis in the Salmon Industry. I can say it have many uses, but up to now it is far to expensive. However under this test propolis have compited with plant extracts - like Saprofin - with a far greater success. We have done in vitro and in vivo tests, against bacterias and fungus, the SARS virus is been treated with boosting inmuno system with propolis. On the bees uses I think I told you before that at Uruguay they have been experimenting with propolis agains AFB with great success. I use it for conserving the protein patties. To solve the problem of dosing, like in the french video we distill propolis up to a honey like product. Raw propolis has a given - but unknown - amount of active ingredients, the rest is wax, polen, and dirt. If by distilling you concentrated the active ingredients, then you can disolve it to a your desire dose. check here for the still www.amazingstill.com. Good luck. I will reserv the secret to make propolis disolvable in water. -- Juanse Barros J. APIZUR S.A. Carrera 695 Gorbea - CHILE +56-45-271693 08-3613310 http://apiaraucania.blogspot.com/ juanseapi@gmail.com **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 22 Mar 2008 11:00:49 -0400 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: "Peter L. Borst" Subject: Tastes funny? MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=WINDOWS-1252 Content-Disposition: inline Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit * Recently, chloramphenicol is back in the news, found in "Australian Honey", which appears to have its source in China. > CHINESE honey contaminated with a potentially deadly substance is being sold overseas as "Australian-made," putting the $80 million-a-year industry — and the health of unsuspecting consumers — at risk. Under the scam — which may have been operating for more than eight years — the contaminated honey is imported into Australia, re-labelled "Made in Australia" and exported to Asia and Europe. Council executive director Stephen Ware said the substance, chloramphenicol, recently had been detected overseas in royal jelly labelled Australian-made. The antibiotic is used to control disease in prawns and bees, as well as to treat diseases in humans, including typhoid fever. It has a rare but potentially life-threatening side effect — a blood disease known as idiosyncratic aplastic anaemia, which can be fatal. * Meanwhile, chloramphenicol, Sulfathiazole, tetracycline, tylosin, and a whole lot more can be found in your morning cup of coffee > PHILADELPHIA (AP) — A total of 56 pharmaceuticals or byproducts have been detected in this city's drinking water, largely in tests conducted last year, according to the Philadelphia Water Department. The list of drugs is the longest among 62 major water providers surveyed by the Associated Press. However, this city's water officials say they probably found more drugs simply because they did more testing. They say their water is safe to drink. Researchers found trace concentrations of drugs including antibiotics, pain relievers, heart and psychiatric drugs, and veterinary medicines. Here's the list of drugs and some of their uses: ANTIBIOTICS Amoxicillin — for pneumonia, stomach ulcers Azithromycin — for pneumonia, sexually transmitted diseases Bacitracin — prevents infection in cuts and burns Chloramphenicol — for serious infections when other antibiotics can't be used Ciprofloxacin — for anthrax, other infections Doxycycline — for pneumonia, Lyme disease, acne Erythromycin — for pneumonia, whooping cough, Legionnaires' disease Lincomycin — for strep, staph, other serious infections Oxytetracycline — for respiratory, urinary infections Penicillin G — for anthrax, other infections Penicillin V — for pneumonia, scarlet fever, infections of ear, skin, throat Roxithromycin — for respiratory, skin infections Sulfadiazine — for urinary infections, burns Sulfamethizole — for urinary infections Sulfamethoxazole — for traveler's diarrhea, pneumonia, urinary and ear infections Tetracycline — for pneumonia, acne, stomach ulcers, Lyme disease Trimethoprim — for urinary and ear infections, traveler's diarrhea, pneumonia PAIN RELIEVERS Acetaminophen — soothes arthritis, aches, colds; reduces fever Antipyrine — for ear infections Aspirin — for minor aches, pain; lowers risk of heart attack and stroke Diclofenac — for arthritis, menstrual cramps, other pain Ibuprofen — for arthritis, aches, menstrual cramps; reduces fever Naproxen — for arthritis, bursitis, tendinitis, aches; reduces fever Prednisone — for arthritis, allergic reactions, multiple sclerosis, some cancers HEART DRUGS Atenolol — for high blood pressure Bezafibrate — for cholesterol problems Clofibric acid — byproduct of various cholesterol medications Diltiazem — for high blood pressure, chest pain Gemfibrozil — regulates cholesterol Simvastatin — slows production of cholesterol MIND DRUGS Carbamazepine — for seizures, mood regulating Diazepam — for anxiety, seizures; eases alcohol withdrawal Fluoxetine — for depression; relieves premenstrual mood swings Meprobamate — for anxiety Phenytoin — controls epileptic seizures Risperidone — for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, severe behavior problems OTHER HUMAN DRUGS Caffeine — found in coffee; also used in pain relievers Cotinine — byproduct of nicotine; drug in tobacco, also used in products to help smokers quit Iopromide — given as contrast agent for medical imaging Nicotine — found in tobacco, also in medicinal products to help smokers quit Paraxanthine — a byproduct of caffeine Theophylline — for asthma, bronchitis and emphysema VETERINARY Carbadox — for control of dysentery, bacterial enteritis in pigs; promotes growth Chlortetracycline — for eye, joint, other animal ailments Enrofloxacin — for infections in farm animals and pets; treats wounds Monensin — for weight gain, prevention of severe diarrhea in farm animals Narasin — for severe diarrhea in farm animals Oleandomycin — for respiratory disease; promotes growth in farm animals Salinomycin — promotes growth in livestock Sulfachloropyridazine — for enteritis in farm animals Sulfadimethoxine — for severe diarrhea, fowl cholera, other conditions in farm animals Sulfamerazine — for a range of infections in cats, fowl Sulfamethazine — for bacterial diseases in farm animals; promotes growth Sulfathiazole — for diseases in aquarium fish Tylosin — promotes growth, treats infections in farm animals, including bees Virginiamycin M1 — prevents infection, promotes growth in farm animals **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2008 19:57:25 GMT Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: "waldig@netzero.net" Subject: Re: a *better* way Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Disposition: inline Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit >>"I am wondering if the package industry is spreading something out there". >Personally, I deplore any sort of scapegoating. First, it appears that whatever it is, it's already everywhere (meaning most states). Well, I was merely wondering not scapegoating. :) Because of its extensive reach, the package industry, by its nature, is clearly a very efficient mechanism for disseminating anything that's be good or bad. [There are many examples.] And if it's bad, I assume no intentional harm was intended by the package producers. If the primary contributor to CCD turns out to be virus or other pathogen, the effort will be, at a minimum, to limit its spread. I have not ordered packages in years but if I were I would want to know about any potential risks. I am all for making packages as problem free as possible since a lot of beekeepers depend on them. >>So, therefore, you need to know what is causing this problem and see that you don't have it. I think everyone is chomping at the bit to find out the causes of CCD. We all need some facts. The best assessments at the moment say that CCD is multi-factorial and that there may be many scenarios. Waldemar **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 22 Mar 2008 12:12:03 -0400 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Michael Palmer Subject: Re: More Honey Market World Statistics In-Reply-To: <02b201c88bfe$6ec57ed0$0200a8c0@office> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed At 05:23 AM 3/22/2008, you wrote: >Chris wrote: >>I was taught that darker honey tends to come from woody plants eg trees and >>ericas Basswood (Lime)? Mike **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 22 Mar 2008 13:35:00 -0400 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Brian Fredericksen Subject: Irony of the Eradicators versus the Keepers Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit I had a long conversation with a guy who runs a local small pest control business and has been in the business for 27 years. He has seen no noticeable change in the number of honeybee calls he's received during his 27 years here near Minneapolis, MN. He was interested to hear about CCD etc as he has not seen any change in the number of calls. He also learned over the years it was unnecessary to kill any swarms. Anyhow what was ironic to me is his industry is not allowed to use any organophosphates any more. He was stunned to hear that our industry has been allowed to use coumaphos in hives for over a decade and that its still a labeled use. Beekeepers are apparently allowed to use a class of materials that insect eradicators cannot. Ponder the irony of that! **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 22 Mar 2008 15:50:27 -0400 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Brian Fredericksen Subject: Drinking the Imidacloprid Kool-Aid Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Wow the author must have drank heavily as I see several glaring pieces of speculation and misinformation and its just a promo piece. http://www.amazon.com/Spring-without-Bees-Collapse-Endangered/dp/1599214326 A Spring without Bees: How Colony Collapse Disorder Has Endangered Our Food Supply (Hardcover) by Michael Schacker (Author) Book Description A century after the birth of Rachel Carson, the world faces a new environmental disaster, from a chemical similar to DDT. This time the culprit appears to be IMD, or imidacloprid, a relatively new but widely used insecticide in the United States. Many beekeepers and researchers blame IMD for Colony Collapse Disorder, which has wiped out 23% of America’s beehives. Even trace amounts make bees unable to fly back to their hive. Since honeybees are essential to the production of most major food crops, their demise could spell catastrophe. In a riveting, scientific/political detective story, Michael Schacker examines the evidence and offers a plan to save the bees. Like An Inconvenient Truth and Silent Spring, A Spring without Bees is both a powerful cautionary tale and a call to action. **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 22 Mar 2008 16:40:45 -0700 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: "J. Waggle" Subject: Re: Fw: [BEE-L] feral bees In-Reply-To: <000401c88c22$e4adc7f0$22fa494c@bige953ca8f8be> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit > No, the queen will never come out of the hole. The > frame of bees, with brood > that was placed in the hive at the time of setup, > will raise a new queen… It is fun to employ a little tactic to bee removal procedures. Queens do come out of the hole, and procedures can be adjusted accordingly. I instruct the homeowner to let the colony remain till spring. Nearing swarm season, I place a lure on a branch about 8 feet high in a highly visible place, preferably to the upwind side of the nearest open area. I instruct the homeowner to observe colony and report when they swarm. Generally, the swarm will land near to, or at the place where the lure has been positioned, and with the homeowner aware to watch for such swarms, they are usually discovered promptly. After the swarm has been retrieved, a cone is then affixed to the entrance with accompanying bait hive to trap out the remaining bees, as well as the new queen on her return trip from mating or orientation flight. If the tactic be implemented on a colony from an area of ‘early feral recovery’ which are of extreme interest to me. I achieve the benefit of gaining the mother queen, and also a daughter queen mated in an area known to have rebounding ferals, possibly possessing traits of interest. The bait hive can remain until I am sure the daughter is mated and laying up, and the cutout done with less bees and a great scarcity of brood to contend with. This suits me well, as I do not care to transfer much brood or bees when doing cutouts due to the potential problems that exits in doing such things, only a little brood is needed for attractant and start up. The cutout can then proceed without the need of finding a queen or danger of harming the queen. Best Wishes, Joe “Keep plenty of cows and bees, as the surest way of having milk and honey. Confine your cows with a good fence but let your bees go at large. -American Farmer 1831” ____________________________________________________________________________________ Never miss a thing. Make Yahoo your home page. http://www.yahoo.com/r/hs **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 22 Mar 2008 19:45:25 -0400 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Juanse Barros Subject: Not more Royal Jelly MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Disposition: inline http://www.tentoriumapi.com/?r=5&i=27&s=79 a political uncorrect joke!!! -- Juanse Barros J. APIZUR S.A. Carrera 695 Gorbea - CHILE +56-45-271693 08-3613310 http://apiaraucania.blogspot.com/ juanseapi@gmail.com **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 22 Mar 2008 22:26:08 -0400 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Bob Darrell Subject: Re: More Honey Market World Statistics In-Reply-To: Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v753) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; delsp=yes; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit On 21-Mar-08, at 6:40 PM, Chris Slade wrote: > > I was taught that darker honey tends to come from woody plants eg > trees and > ericas and lighter ones from herbaceous plants. Hi Chris and all. Dandelion and goldenrod honies are darker than basswood(tilia). I think that summer flowering plants tend to produce lighter honey than either spring or autumn. You can likely come up with some examples to prove me wrong. Bob Darrell Caledon Ontario Canada 44N80W **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 22 Mar 2008 20:40:54 -0800 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Paul Cherubini Subject: Re: Irony of the Eradicators versus the Keepers MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Brian Fredericksen wrote: > I had a long conversation with a guy who runs > a local small pest control business and has been in > the business for 27 years. > Anyhow what was ironic to me is his industry is not > allowed to use any organophosphates any more. Semi-true. The structural pest control industry cannot use organophosphates inside residential homes anymore, but they can still use some (e.g. Malathion) outdoors around the home. A homeowner can also buy organophosphates such as Malathion and Acephate for outdoor use from garden center type stores. A small pest control business can also apply at least one organophosphate (dichlorvos = DDVP = Vapona) inside industrial type buildings such as food storage warehouses and food processing plants that handle bulk stored non-perishable foods such as grains, nuts and non-perishable packaged dry foods such as groceries, pet foods and so forth. A homeowner can also buy Vapona No Pest Resin Strips http://tinyurl.com/2dn4gl and hang them in "Garages, Cabins, Attics, Crawlspaces, Boathouses, Closets, Wardrobes, Cupboards and Storage Spaces" Paul Cherubini El Dorado, Calif. **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2008 09:44:15 -0700 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Dee Lusby Subject: The Passing of Dan Aten - Retired Calif Commercial Beekeeper/member Calif State Beekeepers Assoc MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Just wanted to let members here know, I talked to Joyce Aten last night about the passing of her husband Dan Aten who was known by many beekeepers, having run an operation in Calif prior to his retirement of 5,000 to 7,000 plus colonies. He was an active member of the Calif State Beekeepers Association and interfaced with many researchers to. Dan died early this past Wednesday morning. Joyce informed me that Dan had been in the hospital for 9 days and then in a nursing home for 5 weeks. Also, that he had wanted to die for 2 or 3 years because he could no longer do the things that he wanted to do with his bees. It was a relief for him and also for me she told me. The family will be having a graveside service in Madera, CA. on Fri. the 28th. and a memorial service later at the church the familiy attends in Or. Joyce can be reached at 1-541-459-5173 by old industry friends/researchers wanting more information. Sincerely, Dee A. Lusby ____________________________________________________________________________________ Looking for last minute shopping deals? Find them fast with Yahoo! Search. http://tools.search.yahoo.com/newsearch/category.php?category=shopping **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2008 15:35:22 -0400 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Brian Fredericksen Subject: Re: More Honey Market World Statistics Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit In the white honey capital of USA (north dakota, south dakota, minnesota, wisconsin, Iowa) we get a huge white honey flow from around June 20th-July 20th. This period can produce 3-5 supers per colony which average around 32 pounds of extracted honey. TIme periods preceding and following this are typically darker sources of honey although early August is a bonus period if the region receives adequate moisture we can produce an extended flow of clover and alfalfa which is a source of white honey. Late Aug and Sept is when we get "wildflower" honey which is much darker. We're seeing more and more purple loosestrife in the eastern portion of this region. Last year about 15% of my crop was from this darker, butterscotch flavored honey with a slight green tinge. **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2008 06:53:41 -0700 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: C Hooper Subject: Video: Honey May Help Fight Infection MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/plain; CHARSET=US-ASCII Video: Honey May Help Fight Infection Doreen Gentzler, NBC4 (USA), 3/21/2008 http://apitherapy.blogspot.com/2008/03/video-honey-may-help-fight-infection.html Doctors at Georgetown University Hospital have found a sweet solution for treating patients with tough-to-cure skin infections. **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2008 06:55:21 -0700 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: C Hooper Subject: Toxic Honey Causes Illness in New Zealand MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/plain; CHARSET=US-ASCII Toxic Honey Causes Illness in New Zealand Holidaymakers Stricken By Toxic Honey Sunday Star Times (New Zealand), 3/23/2003 http://apitherapy.blogspot.com/2008/03/toxic-honey-causes-illness-in-new.html ...The poison honey is produced by bees feeding on a native bush known as tutu. When they gather honeydew produced by the sap-sucking vine hopper insect feeding on the plants, they can introduce the poison tutin into honey. National Beekeepers Association CEO Jim Edwards said suspect honey should not be thrown out, as that would return the poison to the food chain... **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2008 10:47:46 -0400 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: "=?windows-1252?Q?J._Waggle?=" Subject: 1828 - APIS MELLIFICA, OR HONEY BEE. Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Here is the article Apis Mellificia, or Honey bee, now stored in text version as well as the pdf of the original publication in the archives at: http://pets.groups.yahoo.com/group/HistoricalHoneybeeArticles/ I only was able to locate a single copy, so I was unable to fill in areas having unreadable text. I have inquiries at the Delaware Historical Society which I understand has a newspaper collection of Delaware Weekly Advertiser and Farmers Journals. Also Delaware University is said to have a collection, checking there also. If I find the missing parts, I will update the file located at the database in the historical honeybee articles site. Here is 'APIS MELLIFICA, OR HONEY BEE' Hope you enjoy! The Delaware Weekly Advertiser and Farmers Journal Thursday, May 22 1828 Wilmington, Delaware =====Start===== Communicated for the Delaware Advertiser. APIS MELLIFICA, OR HONEY BEE. [Read before the Delaware Academy of Natural Science, by Isaac Peirce, and ordered to be printed.] Few subjects within the scope of that branch of natural science called Entomology, presents a greater field for interesting inquiry, than the one which we propose to make the subject of the present essay. Accordingly we find the history and economy of this wonderful insect engrossing an uncommon share of attention in all countries, and in every age. Their minuteness, numbers, habits and the luxuries we derive from their united industry, have, from periods of the most remote antiquity, been the fertile source of admiration. Hence have resulted innumerable enquiries: as well for the elucidation of science, as for personal gratification and pecuniary advantage. But, unlike those subjects on which long and patient investigation are bestowed, the obscurities attending their nature, seemed to increase in proportion to the observer's anxiety to unveil them, and, at the end of many years, few indisputable facts have been ascertained by individuals. Errors have thence accumulated on errors; imagination has magnified deceitful appearances into certainties, by which even experienced naturalists have been deluded; and most of the treatises published, under pretence of instructing, serve only to lead the unskillful into the belief of absurd and fallacious doctrines. Nevertheless, there are some authors who have studied with attention and relate without exaggeration. Amongst these may be ranked Reaumer, Bonnet, Thorlow, and J. L. Christ, member of the Royal Husbandic Society, at Zelle. The last mentioned writer, has by laborious investigation and numerous experiments which he made, added considerably to our stock of knowledge, at well as furnished many useful hints to the rural economist in the culture and management of bees. It may not therefore, be an unprofitable service to select from them, and the facts which have fallen under our own observation, what we might with safety consider as fixed by experiment. The apis mellefica or honey bee, is included in a genus belonging to the order insecta hymenoptera. The mouth is furnished with two jaws, and a proboscis infolded in a double sheath. The wings are four in number—the two foremost covering those behind when at rest. It has six legs. In the third pair, which are much longer, are two small cavities resembling a spoon, in which the animal sticks his pellets. The abdomen consists of several scaly circular rings connected by membranes. The body is totally covered with hair, which appears, when viewed with a microscope, to be composed of plants in miniature, with stems and branches. Its mode of existence, is in large communities, limited in the number of individuals, only by the size of their habitations. Each community contains three distinct orders or kinds; the queen, the drones, and the labouring bees. The queen is the only female in the hive and may be considered the mother of the kingdom, (if it may be so called) over which she presides. Her wings, and the forepart of her body, are nearly similar to those of a labouring bee, but the hind part is nearly twice as long and somewhat more pointed towards its extremity; her back is a dark brown, the under part of her body and her hind legs inclining to yellow: her motion is more slow and deliberate than that of a labouring bee: she is also furnished with a sting, but is with difficulty provoked to use it in her defence, and may therefore be handled with the greatest safety. This weapon, possessed by the queen and laboring bees, and of which the drones are destitute, deserves a particular description. It is not a simple sharp pointed instrument, as apparent to the eye of a superficial observer, but consists of two separate portions, applied longitudinally. The external side of each is supplied with several barbs, like those of a dart, which prevents the retraction of the sting from the wound it has inflicted, until the purpose of its penetration (the discharge of poison) be fulfilled. These barbs, it is thought, may be elevated and depressed at the will of the animal; for if it be allowed time to satisfy its vengeance, the sting is withdrawn, whereas if it be suddenly forced away, the sting is often retained in the wound; the extraordinary pain attending so small a puncture, arises from a liquid which is genuine poison, flowing into the wound from an oval bag or reservoir, in the body of the animal connected with the sting; and its virulence is such, as even to occasion death, sometimes, from a single puncture: its effects, however, are various on different people. That the pain is occasioned by the poison is evident from the fact that the wound is slight from the sting of a bee exhausted of its poison, while the smallest portion of this fluid introduced with the point of a pin produces accute pain. It has, when applied to the tongue, a sweetish taste at first, but soon becomes burning and acrid, and continues so for several hours. It has long been ascertained, that the welfare of the queen is indispensable to the welfare of the hive, and that no more than one of these is suffered to remain for any considerable length of time, in the same community. As soon, therefore, as a young one appears, she is persecuted by her parent, until she either falls a victim to her malignity or collects round her a party and marches off—The latter she readily achieves if the population has become so crouded as to throw many of the industrious part out of employ. Accordingly, as soon as the young queen is able to walk, she begins her cry, which may be distinctly heard at the distance of six or eight yards. She visits different parts of the hive, fastens her feet to the combs, and with visible exertion forces out a sound, which appears to be the signal of removing; for the first clear day after it is given, the young swarm issues, if their queen elect is not previously destroyed. It frequently happens that two, and sometimes three rival queens, of the same age, assume the reins of government, but the right to the throne is always settled by single combat between the queens, and terminates in the destruction of all but one; the common people always manifesting on these occasions, too much good sense, to engage in the broil of princes and strife of ambition. Furnished as they are, with such deadly weapons, and with such dexterity in using them, one would suppose that those feuds would sometimes terminate in the death of both parties, which would be attended with the most serious consequences to the colony: but here nature has imposed a law to regulate those contests which does not exist among the operatives or lower classes, whose lives are, comparatively, of little consequence, and who frequently fall victims to wounds mutually inflicted. This fact is supported by the authority of M. Huber, an intelligent naturalist, who gives an interesting account of their combats; part of which we will extract. This author tells us, that in one of his hives, constructed for observation, two young queens left their cells, almost at the same moment. When they observed each other, they rushed together apparently with great fury, and came into such a position, that their antenae were mutually siezed by their fangs, the head, the breast and belly of the one, were opposed to the same parts of the other; their bodies had only to be curved, that they might be reciprocally pierced with their stings and both fall dead together. When they found themselves in this position, they separated with the utmost precipitation and fled. A few minutes after, however, their mutual terror ceased, and they again sought each other. Immediately on coming in sight, they again rushed together and resumed their former position. The result of this rencontre was the same. They disengaged themselves hastily and retreated. During all this time, the workers were in great agitation; and the tumult seemed to increase, when the adversaries separated. They even interrupted them in their flight and retained them prisoners for about a minute, but unlike hotheaded politician showed no disposition to quarrel thereof. At length, the queen, which, after the strongest or the most enraged, darted at her rival when unperceived or off guard, and with her fangs took hold of the origin of her wings, then rising above her, curved her own body, and inflicted a mortal wound upon her enemy, who immediately fell down, dragged herself languidly along, and soon expired." In her birth, the queen bee appears to be an exception to the common order of nature; for notwithsatanding the difference in her organization and functions, she is hatched from the same kind of egg as the common laboring bee, and seems to owe her superiority to different nursing. The aliment which she is fed during her maggot state, is of a stronger taste and smell than that given to others. The cell which she is bred is composed of as much wax, as would make one hundred and fifty common ones; it is also different in shape and position; the common cells being complete hexagons, but this is entirely circular, hangs perpendicularly, is much longer and larger in its periphery than a common cell. Whether the queen ever deposits an egg in a royal cell is not altogether certain, but that the labouring bees frequently supply such a cell with an egg taken out of another, and thus rear a queen, has been ascertained to a certainty, and must in most cases take place where artificial swarms are formed. The Drones, a considerable number of which are sometimes found in a hive, are about a third longer than a labouring bee, have no stings, and are somewhat different in the conformation of several other parts of the body, as the trunk and antennae, &c. They do not collect honey, but consume the labor of others; and instead of entering the cells for repose, as others do, they cluster together on the combs. They are supposed to be the males, and are required to render the queen prolific; but whatever be their use, it is well known that they neither labour in the hive nor out of it; but like a pampered nobility, feast and riot on the sweat and labour of the industrious part of the community. Their career, however, is but short; they make their appearance in the spring, frequently in great numbers; and toward the latter end of August or beginning of September, are entirely destroyed. They are sometimes killed within the hive and carried out; but more generally are driven out and forbidden to return. Even the young drones or those in the larvae state, are dragged from their cells, and carried out; so completely are these voluptuaries destroyed, that not an individual is left to relate the tragical history of the fate of his brethren. The cause of this sudden and total expiration is far from being evident, for in the early part if the season, as well as under some particular circumstances of the community, they are not only tolerated but fed. Whether the labourers are stimulated to this seemingly unnatural massacre by their queen, by the trespass of the drones upon their winter stores; upon their failure of sufficient sustenance from abroad; or some hidden instinct implanted in their nature, remains yet to be discovered. We next come to notice some of the peculiarities exhibited by the workers, or labouring bees, who not only from the main body of the commonwealth, but are essential to its existence: as without their incessant labour and aid the queen, the males, and even the young brood would quickly perish. On taking a slight view of a hive, the superficial observer will see nothing but the appearance of anarchy and confusion, a closer inspection, however, will exhibit something very different; the first thing which strikes the eye is a large body of bees adhering to the comb about the centre of the hive, somewhat resembling an inverted cone, and apparently inactive. They are however employed in a process which the greatest chemists have not yet been able to discover, the manufacture of wax. The farina and honey of the flowers, which is eaten by the bees, entering the stomach undergoes a separation, part no doubt serving as nourishment, whilst another part oozes out through the joints between the rings which compose the hinder parts of their bodies, in the form of small white scales. Those employed in building cells, are here supplied with materials for their work, a number of whom are contently moving in every direction gathering up the wax as it is formed, and carrying it off to places where it is wanted. Some of the laborers who come in from the fields loaded with honey or flower-dust, are employed in feeding those which compose the column; while others bend their course towards their combs by running up the sides of their dwelling. Those loaded with honey, disgorge the contents of their honev bags into the cells prepared for that purpose: those who have their legs charged with pellets, thrust them into cells, and wipe off their burdens, leaving them lying in little balls of various sizes; these are taken up by Others, who mixing a little honey knead them up with the fore feet, and pack the mass in the cells for future use, this is what is commonly called bee bread. Others come in loaded with a kind of glutinious substance, called by the ancients propolis, which they employ in stopping up the chinks and crevices which their owner has neglected to close, never using it except to fasten their combs, if the hive be properly constructed. When the bees begin to work with it, it is soft: but it acquires a firmer consistence every day, till at length it assumes a brown colour and becomes much harder than wax. The bees thus loaded not being able to relieve themselves of this burden, on account of its tenacious quality, are assisted by others, who take it off with their teeth and apply it to its intended purpose. Another class is employed in feeding and nursing the young brood, for soon after the queen deposits an egg the embryo bursts its shell, and appears a living worm which requires feeding until it arrives to a certain state of existence when it begins to refuse its nourishment; its guardians then kindly close it up with a wax lid, and leave it to spin itself up in the form of an aurelia: here it undergoes a metamorphose similar to that of the silk worm. When it has come to its full time, which in warm weather generally amounts to twenty-one days from the time the egg was laid, it then eats through the web it has spun and begins to gnaw at the door of it's prison; two bees instantly attend, and after they have assisted the young one in coming out of its confinement, the one picks tip the wax lid with which the cell was closed, and carries it off, while the other rights up the cell, which is then filled with honey. Lest the labourers within the hive should be diverted from their work, by the approach of petty adversaries, a set of sentinels are placed the entrance, which are increased in number according to the extent of assailable points. The fidelity with which these discharge their duty, is admirable indeed. They arrange themselves around the opening with their heads towards it, their posteriors elevated, and their wings in constant motion; altogether presenting the most threatening attitude. Nothing can pass them without their notice, nor any danger drive them from their post. The means by which they become acquainted with the countenance and person of the individuals composing their own community, so as instantly to distinguish them from others on the same stand, remains yet a mystery. Some have supposed they have a watch word or signal, which they make and require to be answered. If they have, it is such as one as I could never learn: their vigilance and sagacity were only to be overcome by treachery. Wishing on a particular, occasion, to ---??????------unreadable line ------??????-------- the sentinels, by force, from their post, and let them in: but rallied so quickly, that my poor refugees were soon driven out and many of them mortally wounded. It was in vain I destroyed their vigilant watchmen; their places were immediately supplied; other expedients were resorted to, but with little more success. It was not until stupefied by the intoxicating effects of the fungus pulverulentus, or puff ball, that a victory could be gained; and the wretched outcast admitted to the rights of hospitality and the privileges of citizenship. Should a larger animal, such as a snail, make its way into a hive, it is put to death; but as the bees are unable to divest themselves of so huge a carcass, by dragging it out, they cover it over with propolis and wax, and thus prevent its spreading infection in the hive. The structure of the cells, which are exclusively the production of the workers, has excited admiration in every contemplative mind. It would seem that the nicest rules of geometry had been consulted for their composition, as it is demonstrable that their figure is the best adapted for containing the greatest possible quantity in the least possible space : -they are hexagonal prisms, formed in the exactest proportion. The bottoms are composed of six triangular panes, of such a shape as when combined, to form a solid angle on the opposite side, which is made the foundation of one of the corners of a similar cell. The partitions of these cells are not thicker than the finest paper; but they are so strengthened by their disposition, and the thick border around the mouth, as to resist all the motions of the bee within their. The combs which are double, are placed parallel to each other, mostly at right angles to the side of the hive on which the bees are accustomed to enter, with spaces between them large enough to give the bees a free passage in and out. This space is generally about four lines. Beside these, they leave holes or passages through the body of the comb, with their verges rounded off by cells of still decreasing depth, which permit a readier access to all parts of the hive than could be otherwise obtained.— The celerity with which a swarm of bees, if received into a hive, where they find themselves lodged to their minds, bring the works of the combs to perfection is amazing. Their diligence and labors are so great, that in a single day, according to Buffon, they are able to make cells, which lie upon each other numerous enough to contain three thousand bees. Indeed there reigns throughout the whole of this little empire, such an universal harmony, such complete order, and close attention to business, as we, in vain, Look for among the societies and policies of men, though they denominate themselves the lords of creation. The mind, in looking for something to equal it, is rather led to contemplate some remote and happier ????, or some new or organization of society, where uncorrupted souls may have exchange a spirit of selfishness and competition, for universal philanthropy, and cooperation; where each individual is concerned only for the public good. This industrious and economal people, have a host of enemies to encounter. They are not however of their own household. Many animals fond of honey and hating labour, wage incessant warfare upon them. The aggressions of most, they are able, in some measure, by their superior vigilance and foresight, to repel. Man, alone, proves himself their invincible and implacable foe. His avarice is so insatiable, that he even furnishes them with habitations, promotes their population and their labours, from the treacherous motive of increasing his rapine and plunder. Ah, see where robb'd and murder'd in that pit Lies the still heaving hive at evening snatch'd, Beneath the cloud of guilt—concealing night, And fixed o'er sulphur, while, not dreaming ill, The happy people, in their waxen cells, Sat tending public cares, and planning schemes Of temperance, for winter poor: rejoic'd To mark, full flowing round, their copious stores. Sudden the dark oppressive steam ascends; And, used to milder scents; the tender race, By thousands tumble from their honey'd domes, Convolv'd and agonizing in the dust. And was it then for this ye roamed the spring, Intent from flower to flower? For this you toil'd Ceaseless the burning summer heats away? For this in autumn, searched the blooming waste, Nor lost one sunny gleam? For thb sad fate' O, man! tyranic lord! how long, how long Shall prostrate nature groan beneath your rage, A waiting renovation? When oblig'd, Must you destroy? of their ambrosial food Can you not borrow; and in just return Afford them shelter from the wintry winds; Or as the sharp year pinches, with their own Again regale them on some smiling day. THOMPSON. The idea suggested in the concluding lines of the poet—that of obtaining a part of their honey without destroying the bees, has engaged the attention of the feeling part of mankind for ages. The Greeks, according to Pliny, were at considerable pain in taking the honey without destroying them. Among the moderns, Thorley, White, Weldman and Christ, have made successive improvements in the construction of hives or boxes, by which a portion of their treasure might be obtained without serious injury to the colony.— According to the plan devised by the last of these gentlemen, bees are kept in hives consisting of a number of open ended boxes set one upon another, having a moveable lid or covering for the upper one. This upper skep or box, when filled may be removed, the lid placed upon the next, and an empty box added below. This plan, however, has been found, liable to some objections, as it is necessary to cut the combs horizontally, by means of a fine wire drawn between the boxes, a quantity of honey from the cells, thus broken, trickles down among the bees below, and becomes grievously annoying. To obviate this difficulty another method has been devised, that of placing the boxes laterally. As this is deemed an important improvement, I have prepared a model of an apiary or bee house, exhibiting the whole arrangement, by which it will be seen that a hive may be kept for any number of years, regularly yielding its wax and honey, and instead of growing worse, will, if properly attended, grow better and stronger every year. The honey is also obtained more pure than in the common way of taking it, and enjoyed without remorse; the necessary concomitant of cruelty and injustice. I have thus, in a cursory manner, traced the natural history of the bee, and pointed out of some of the peculiarities of the several species which form one great colony, whose labors are carried on for the public good. Of their practical treatment, by which the cultivation may be enabled to turn their labors to the best account, I have said very little. The limits of a single essay, would not permit me, had I the qualification to do justice to this part of the subject. I shall therefore conclude with recommending it to some abler pen, ns the subject of a future essay. And as the bee, with indefatigable assiduity, roves from flower to flower, collecting its nectared tribute, undismayed by the comparative insignificance of its own puny contribution, so may we, stimulated by so bright an example of individual industry and perseverance, and with so happy an illustration of the advantages resulting from united exertion, explore untiring, the fields of science, and by a similar co-operation and union of effort, be able to realize equally successful results. =====End===== **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2008 09:50:23 -0500 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Bob Harrison Subject: Re: Drinking the Imidacloprid Kool-Aid In-Reply-To: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset="iso-8859-1"; reply-type=original Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Brian said: > Wow the author must have drank heavily as I see several glaring pieces of > speculation and > misinformation and its just a promo piece. I have not read the book but have to wonder what the glaring pieces of speculation and misinformation are in your *opinion?* Please explain your opinion. I guess I will take the bait and make a few comments as I think after my many days of recent research on the subject I might understand the position and thoughts of the author. To understand the promo I am going to have to leave the promo basically intact and hope the moderators will make an exception because of the importance to the discussion. > A century after the birth of Rachel Carson, the world faces a new > environmental disaster, from a > chemical similar to DDT. Rachael Carson predicted many of today's problems. Chemical companies of the day tried hard to discredit her. Very hard! I know because I was around back then and bought her book. DDT was a hard chemical to get label changes. The reason is in my opinion similar to imidacloprid as the product was very effective as intended but was causing sub lethal damage in certain areas. The products safety was hugely misstated by the chemical companies . I had two relatives which died of a rare form of cancer. The doctors told me he suspected handling DDT without protection could possibly have been a cause as he had read of other cases. The chemical company reps said DDT was safe enough you could drink a glass. These adds ran on TV at the time. Much of the research provided to the government to get DDT registered was later proven inaccurate and parts of research which might have made the label different was left out on the final research presented for registration. All information available on the net if you want to do a Google search. >This time the culprit appears to be IMD, or imidacloprid, a relatively new but > widely used insecticide in the United States. What's wrong with saying *appears to be*? The numbers of people and researchers starting to look in the direction of the new neonicotinoids is growing. What I see wrong with the above is that imidacloprid is only one of six sub classes and close to 200 products which are all toxic to bees. The reason imidacloprid is being singled out I have been told is the insecticide has a long history of being blamed for problems and some research has already been done. Also the insecticide which opened the door for the others. Many beekeepers and researchers blame IMD for Colony > Collapse Disorder I have listened to all but around six of the CD's of the National convention and the above is true. Both segments are getting very vocal and have been able to get sub lethal private testing approved and paid for for imidacloprid. A baby step in my opinion of what is needed but each journey begins with a first step. We need testing of common pesticide mixes which can make the effects of neonicotinoids many times more toxic to bees. , . Even trace amounts make bees > unable to fly back to their hive. The tests ran in Italy have confirmed the above in many minds and many of us believe the new testing will also. Since honeybees are essential to the production of most major food > crops, their demise could spell catastrophe. > The author points out the value of bees and gives his opinion that the loss of the worlds bees could spell catastrophe. The author did not say the world would come to an end. The wording is done carefully. Finally the promo might not have been done by the author. Again I have not read or even thumbed through the book. I will next time I visit a book seller. Again the problem with finding the new neonicotinoids *might* be at the root of CCD ( main cause , trigger or simply last straw to a taxed immune system) is clear to many of us. Researchers are very excited about all the money being poured into bee research. All areas are getting long needed funding ( for which I am grateful). Funding would dry up fast if pesticides were at the root of the problem. I remind the list that the word pesticides has NEVER been eliminated as the cause of CCD and one of four most often thought of possible causes for CCD. Brian blames CCD on beekeeper self contamination but the science does not prove such. A concern but as the CCD team has said some beekeepers with off the chart levels of mitacide contaminated comb have got the best bees in years and some beekeepers with all hives on new combs have got hives crashing. I look at the new neonicotinoids very different than most people. The CCD issue is helping the chemical companies in trying to prove the neonicotinoids are not causing bee problems. CCD provides plenty of areas the chemical companies can point their finger in the direction of. In France all they had was basically the mites to point to. Even if CCD had never happened I see the new systemic pesticides as a future problem for beekeepers unless we get some label changes. All are toxic to bees and can be found in all the plant parts ALL THE TIME. The systemic pesticides build in the soil and farmers in my area are starting to plant corn over and over in the same field . Each planting uses a systemic pesticide treated seed. Areas I feel their use are causing the most problems for beekeepers are soybeans, pumpkins, apples, corn and oranges. Sincerely, Bob Harrison -- This message has been scanned for viruses and dangerous content by MailScanner, and is believed to be clean. **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2008 20:45:13 GMT Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: "waldig@netzero.net" Subject: Re: CCD? Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Disposition: inline Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit >>While talking about the package bee industry spreading... treatments... in packages... be part of the problem? I bought my one and only package some years ago and on the first inspection after installation, I was a number of varroa mites on the bees. I'd think treatment residues in packages are insignificant but mites, for example, may certainly not be. Waldemar **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2008 10:52:05 -0400 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: "Peter L. Borst" Subject: Re: CCD? MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Disposition: inline J. Waggle wrote: >The >thought of viruses being the cause of this CCD, is >also of no concern to me because viruses are found at >low levels in most colonies anyways, and IMO are >basically secondary level diseases that do harm to the >ill fit and sickly. I was with you up to this point. I am afraid I do not share your lack of concern about viruses. Now, I am no virologist (I play one on TV). But this is what is going on: the bee population of North America (and Europe, no doubt) has been plagued by mites for decades. These critters are notorious for both A) weakening the immunity of their hosts and B) inflicting a range of pathogens including viruses on the hosts. A perfect example is their cousin, the tick. A tick bite is not a big deal unless you happen to pick up Lyme Disease or one of the other tick vectored illnesses. They may be instrumental in spreading CWD in deers, which is thought to be caused by a "prion" which is a sort of genetic fragment. It is these genetic fragments that are worrisome. Our bees are sort of a living laboratory where RNA viruses, microsporidians, etc. get to party in new and different combinations. The big problem with RNA viruses is not only do they recombine with each other (sometimes turning into newer and nastier versions), but apparently their genetic material somehow winds up in the host's genome. Whether this is a mechanism on the part of the virus to gain immortality or a means by which the host gains immunity, is unclear. -- Peter L. Borst Danby, NY USA 42.35, -76.50 http://picasaweb.google.com/peterlborst **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2008 21:30:56 GMT Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: "waldig@netzero.net" Subject: Re: Irony of the Eradicators versus the Keepers Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Disposition: inline Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit >>A homeowner can also buy organophosphates such as Malathion and Acephate for outdoor use from garden center type stores. I find it amazing that garden & home improvement centers can legally sell organophosphates to homeowners without any safety training! Waldemar **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2008 21:13:29 -0400 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Bob Darrell Subject: Re: More Honey Market World Statistics In-Reply-To: <7.0.1.0.1.20080322121115.042e38f8@together.net > Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v753) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; delsp=yes; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit On 22-Mar-08, at 12:12 PM, Michael Palmer wrote: > > > Basswood (Lime)? > Hi Mike and all Basswood, Lime, Linden are all Tilia. Basswood is Tilia americana, native to NE USA and eastern Canada. Basswood flowers here from mid to late July, the honey has a mint like taste and is classed as water- white to white. Basswood lumber was used for comb honey sections. Bob Darrell Caledon Ontario Canada 44N80W **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2008 02:13:46 +0000 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: heather gamper Subject: Re: More Honey Market World Statistics MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable > > > I was taught that darker honey tends to come from woody plants eg=20 > > trees and > > ericas and lighter ones from herbaceous plants. Darker honey can also be produced when your bees feed on honeydew (the suga= ry waste product from phloem feeding insects) Depending where you are in the world this hone= y is produced at different times of the year. It is a late summer-fall honey where I live in FL. This = honey is a prized honey in many countries for its high anti-microbial characteristics and character= istic flavor. It is not very well liked where I live though. _________________________________________________________________ How well do you know your celebrity gossip? http://originals.msn.com/thebigdebate?ocid=3DT002MSN03N0707A= **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2008 21:16:12 -0700 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Dee Lusby Subject: Re: The Passing of Dan Aten - Retired Calif Commercial Beekeeper/member Calif State Beekeepers Assoc In-Reply-To: <602846.26311.qm@web51608.mail.re2.yahoo.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Forgot to add mailing address for Joyce Aten for those wanting to send cards, etc: Joyce Aten 12978 Driver Valley Road Oakland OR 97462 Ph: 1-541-459-5173 D. ____________________________________________________________________________________ Be a better friend, newshound, and know-it-all with Yahoo! Mobile. Try it now. http://mobile.yahoo.com/;_ylt=Ahu06i62sR8HDtDypao8Wcj9tAcJ **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2008 05:47:05 EDT Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Chris Slade Subject: Re: Drinking the Imidacloprid Kool-Aid MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit In a message dated 23/03/2008 23:38:39 GMT Standard Time, bba@DISCOVERYNET.COM writes: Since honeybees are essential to the production of most major food > crops, their demise could spell catastrophe Rice, maize, sugar cane, potatoes, wheat...... Chris **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2008 06:08:05 EDT Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Chris Slade Subject: Re: More Honey Market World Statistics MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit In a message dated 24/03/2008 02:33:08 GMT Standard Time, hagamper@HOTMAIL.COM writes: I was taught that darker honey tends to come from woody plants eg > > trees and > > ericas and lighter ones from herbaceous plants. As an aside, the chap who told me that became a beekeeper when, keeping his head down in a foxhole in Flanders in WW1, he noticed that the honeybees were peaceably and busily working the flowers unconcerned by all the human carnage. He made his mind up then that if he survived he would take up beekeeping for a living. I think he made 93 and had a hive until the end. His name was Arthur Worth. Chris **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2008 10:52:43 -0000 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Peter Edwards Subject: Re: Drinking the Imidacloprid Kool-Aid MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset="iso-8859-1"; reply-type=original Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Chris wrote: > Rice, maize, sugar cane, potatoes, wheat...... Man cannot live by bread alone - or rice, maize, sugar cane, potatoes..... Best wishes Peter Edwards beekeepers at stratford-upon-avon.freeserve.co.uk www.stratford-upon-avon.freeserve.co.uk/ **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2008 07:30:19 -0400 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: =?UTF-8?Q?Peter_Borst?= Subject: Re: Tastes funny? Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit >> A total of 56 pharmaceuticals or byproducts have been detected in this city's drinking water * Isn't bottled water safer than tap water? * No, not necessarily. NRDC conducted a four-year review of the bottled water industry and the safety standards that govern it, including a comparison of national bottled water rules with national tap water rules, and independent testing of over 1,000 bottles of water. Our conclusion is that there is no assurance that just because water comes out of a bottle it is any cleaner or safer than water from the tap. And in fact, an estimated 25 percent or more of bottled water is really just tap water in a bottle ... http://www.nrdc.org/water/drinking/nbw.asp **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2008 05:04:06 -0700 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: C Hooper Subject: Propolis Component May Help Prevent Liver Damage MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/plain; CHARSET=US-ASCII Propolis Component May Help Prevent Liver Damage NF-kappaB-Activated Tissue Transglutaminase is Involved in Ethanol-Induced Hepatic Injury and the Possible Role of Propolis in Preventing Fibrogenesis Toxicology, 2008 Apr 18;246(2-3):148-57 http://apitherapy.blogspot.com/2008/03/propolis-component-may-help-prevent.html The increased expression and cross-linking activity of tissue transglutaminase (tTG) have been demonstrated in acute liver injury and fibrosis. We focused on the molecular mechanisms that contribute to ethanol-induced tTG expression and investigated the efficacy of propolis components in preventing both the tTG expression in vitro and fibrogenesis in vivo... **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2008 12:15:04 GMT Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: "waldig@netzero.com" Subject: Re: Tastes funny? Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Disposition: inline Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit >> A total of 56 pharmaceuticals or byproducts have been detected in this city's drinking water I think Brussells is the current record holder with some 192 pharmaceuticals in that city's water. >>* Isn't bottled water safer than tap water? Doesn't a lot of the bottled water in the US come from the tap? When I go to Europe, I like to drink their bottled natural mineral water. The labels typically provide a breakdown of various minerals and you can taste the difference. The natural mineral water is supposed to be therapeutic. Bottling tap water in plastic is just environmentally irresponsible. Waldemar **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2008 05:20:23 -0700 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: C Hooper Subject: 1st World Honeydew Honey Symposium MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/plain; CHARSET=US-ASCII 1st World Honeydew Honey Symposium http://apitherapy.blogspot.com/2008/03/1st-world-honeydew-honey-symposium.html When: August 1-3, 2008 Where: Tzarevo, Bulgaria Honeydew honey is an important honey type. Recent research has shown that it has especially high antioxidant activity... **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2008 09:00:35 -0400 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: =?windows-1252?Q?Eric_Brown?= Subject: sunflowers q's: honey and pollination Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Hi everyone, I'm looking at setting up a bee yard near a 60 acre sunflower field, and I'm wanting to know, first, what to expect in the way of honey, and second, what kind of legitimate pollination benefits I could honestly advertise to the farmer. These sunflowers are all getting sold to local dove hunters, so I'm assuming they're all oilseed type hybrids. This just happens to be the only sizeable sunflower field I've ever seen in North Carolina, so it's a very uncommon crop here. Thanks very much for any advice/knowledge any of you all can offer. Eric west-northwestern Piedmont of North Carolina **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2008 09:47:15 -0500 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Carl & Virginia Webb Subject: Re: Drinking the Imidacloprid Kool-Aid MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Brian said: > Wow the author must have drank heavily as I see several glaring pieces = of > speculation and > misinformation and its just a promo piece. And Bob Harrison responded on March 23. Thanks Bob for your insight and taking time to share it with us. There = is nothing that I need add except thanks. I too was there at the time = and read Rachael Carson. Carl Webb **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2008 13:20:37 -0400 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Aaron Morris Subject: Apicultural Inspectors of America (AIA) survey MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit This came to me in a circuitous route from Jerry Hayes. Survey responses are requested this week. Aaron Morris - I think, therefore I bee! -----Original Message----- Dear Beekeepers; By now nearly everyone in our industry is aware of the high winter mortality experienced by bees over the last several years. You may recall that the AIA initiated a survey last March in an attempt to quantify the losses. You can see the full report as published in the ABJ at http://maarec.cas.psu.edu/CCDPpt/CCDJuly07ABJArticle-1.pdf Basically these findings documented a high average loss of bees across beekeeping operations. Most of these losses were likely from known causes. These results were widely used to help prepare testimony for congress and to help with highlighting the problems facing our industry. The AIA is again initiating a survey of bee losses, and we are asking for your participation. We are asking beekeepers to participate by completing the following questionnaire between 23 and 30 March 2008. We believe this survey should take about 5 minutes per beekeeper. 1. In what state and county do you keep your hives? 2. How many hives did you have alive in September 2007? 3. How many hives are alive now (March 2008)? 4. How many splits, increases, and/or colonies did you make/buy since September 2007? 5. Were your losses over this time period what you would consider to be normal? 6. What percentage of your hives that died had no dead bees in the hive or in the apiary? 7. To what do you attribute the cause of death for the hives that died? 8. What percentage of your hives did you send to CA for almond pollination? There is talk of congressional hearings to investigate the status of bee health in early April, and we would like to have this data available to that group for then. When you are finished, e-mail your results to beesurvival0708@gmail.com. Thank you in advance for your assistance. Sincerely, G. W. Hayes, Jr. **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2008 11:38:42 -0500 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Jeffery Swan Subject: Pollination Services MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Disposition: inline Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" I was wondering what the average beekeeper is charging for pollination servcies. In particular, for apple orchards, but I am interested in everything. Does anyone just leave their bees in the orchards all year 'round (as long as no pesticides are being applied) or just during the pollination period? I have hives in many locations (mainly friends houses and farms) but have never charged for pollination services. Each year I get inquiries for pollination services and since I have some extra hives this year, I thought I would give it a try. Any thoughts, suggestions, and advice is greatly appreciated. -Jeff --=20 Want an e-mail address like mine? Get a free e-mail account today at www.mail.com! **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2008 13:02:00 EDT Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Jerry Bromenshenk Subject: Re: Tastes funny? MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Actually, the bottled water issue is even more complex. A colleague of mine (now passed away) made it a point to periodically analyze bottled water from when it first appeared on the market. His finding - waters from springs (Generally, many of the 'premium' grades, had the promised 'healthy' minerals. They frequently had worrisome levels of a variety of trace elements and heavy metals.) As such, tap water was generally the safer drinking water. My friend was a bit of a health nut and a top notch chemist. He wouldn't drink bottled water. Now, many of the chemicals recently reported - the organics and antibiotics, would not have shown up in his analysis, since he was focused on inorganic chemicals. Whether these other chemicals were also elevated in spring water at that time is unknown. I also remember Consumer's Reports doing similar analyses, concluding New York tap water was as good, if not better - but again, this was at a time when the primary concern was about the inorganic minerals in the water. Jerry P.S. Even the Lakes in Glacier Park are showing traces of antibiotics and lots of other chemicals. **************Create a Home Theater Like the Pros. Watch the video on AOL Home. (http://home.aol.com/diy/home-improvement-eric-stromer?video=15?ncid=aolhom00030000000001) **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2008 15:50:56 -0400 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Brian Fredericksen Subject: Re: Pollination Services Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit good question - most growers around here are happy to pay for pollination. IMO all our products and services as beekeepers should be charged out at an economically sustainable rate. Charging less is a disservice to other hard working beekeepers. In central MN I charged $55/colony last year. thinking of a fuel surcharge of $5/hive this year bringing it to $60 you may wish to get the owners to sign a contract and agree to not spray during bloom. End of bloom sprays are the most critical of the season and timing is important to work with the pollinators. I also grow apples and manage 3 orchards with a combined total of 1800 trees. I leave colonies in 2 of the 3 orchards year around and have no problems. Then again I don't spray much either. In this region an IPM conventional grower can grow a nice looking crop with the use of only 4 chemicals. This list is from the Univ/MN reccomendations for conventional IPM growers. captan fungicide for scab nova fungicide with 72 hr kickback for scab imidan insecticide for maggot fly & colding moth topsin late season fungicide for sooty blotch Ask the grower if they use restricted use chemicals. If they do you may wish to bow out. That class of chems is not needed to make a crop. Ask if they use IPM trapping techniques for maggot fly, coddling moth or other pests. Using this approach can reduce total sprays to 4 or 5 in a whole season. Spraying by calendar (every 10 days) is like using Fluvalinate or Coumaphos for bees - its obsolete and an out dated approach. Finally Here is a link to a 2006 publication titled How to Reduce Bee Poisoning from Pesticides. http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/abstract.php?seriesno=PNW+591 note you can view the entire publication online first before purchasing. I purchased this last spring and gave copies to land owners where I keep bees and also the orchards beside my own I pollinate in spring and they all seemed appreciative and concerned. **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2008 19:47:44 -0400 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Cosman and Whidden Honey Limited Subject: Re: Pollination Services MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit In Nova Scotia, Canada Apple pollination $70.00 per hive Blueberry pollination $125.00 **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2008 16:47:45 -0700 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Jeremiah Wilton Organization: ORA-600 Consulting Subject: Spinosad MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit I apologize if this has already made the complete rounds, but I couldn't find a satisfying resolution in the archives, nor from the most recent thread on this substance. Spinosad is an insecticide from Dow Chemical that is approved as USDA Organic. The old trade name was "Success" and the new one reformulated for USDA organic certification is "Entrust Naturalyte." It is highly toxic to bees and is for use on fruit and vegetable crops. However, the Dow literature as well as the product label state that the product poses no harm to bees if allowed to dry on the applied area. Some searching reveals that there are two pieces of research that Dow used to make the above assertion to the USDA during petitioning and on their product label: 1. Mayer & Lunden, Effects of "Success" on Honey Bee Forging and Mortality When Applied to Blooming Apples, Proceedings of the Western Orchard Pest & Disease Management Conference, 1998 (I have a copy of this that I cannot redistribute due to copyright restrictions) 2. Bisbari, Mayer & Bret, Determining Re-entry Intervals for Pollinators Following Spinosad Applications, Proceedings of the Western Orchard Pest & Disease Management Conference, 2000 (http://entomology.tfrec.wsu.edu/wopdmc/2000PDF/4-CHEMICAL/Chemical%2000-9.p df) The former comprises one study and the latter comprises four separate studies. All used Todd dead bee traps and forager counts per time per area to assess mortality and morbidity during time intervals before and after they applied the insecticide in to nearby Apple, almond, citrus and alfalfa in bloom. Of the five studies in total, if accurate, four show that nighttime application of Spinosad results in insignificant mortality in bees that return to the hive after foraging treated crops, and insignificant brood reduction after 10 days. One of the five studies demonstrates a daytime three-hour drying period with similar results. They also applied Sevin, a "conventional" pesticide to a control field as a positive standard, with significant mortality after application. My questions for this list are: - Are any of you familiar with Todd dead bee traps? Information on the web is sketchy and I have never had to count my dead bees that carefully. As far as you can tell, were these reliably designed experiments? - Wouldn't conditions have to be just right to be certain of sufficient drying to not kill bees? What if it is cloudy, or a little cool? What if the insecticide goes back into solution with morning dew or a light rain? The Dow literature indicates the product remains potent in solution for a long time (hundreds of days). It seems to me the experiments chose optimal conditions for showing that Spinosad is harmless, and that many potential conditions exist in the real world in which this product would be deadly for bees in the application area. - The product label for "Entrust" (http://www.cdms.net/ldat/ld62B023.pdf) doesn't even mention nighttime application, instead suggesting the three-hour drying period to avoid affecting bees. Any other thoughts on the diligence of the research and nature of this product? Doesn't agriculture like this just lead to pest resistance anyway? Jeremiah Wilton Seattle, WA **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2008 22:52:26 -0400 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Brian Fredericksen Subject: Re: Spinosad Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit I can't comment on the thoroughness of the study. As an apple grower at least here in the Midwest, we can safely hold off applying any insecticide until after petal fall. My experience with vine crops and pollination would make me more concerned about this material on melons, cucumbers and pumpkins etc. Evening or early morning applications could be deadly followed by hot muggy, damp mornings. We find that as the new melon or vine crop blossoms open daily that the morning time is the most busy time for our bees. The reality is that the applicator may be more important then the material. Some people scoff at education to solve problems but I think that federal or state attempts to ensure regular education of all applicators would be very beneficial to our industry and the environment in general. In my state only restricted use chemicals require any certification or training. Most products can be used by anyone with a sprayer. Even the farm coops who do contract spraying around me seem clueless to their responsibilities per the label and pollinators. Many are concerned and surprised when I tell them that they have a legal responsibility to read and follow the label concerning flowering crops and spraying. **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2008 07:06:50 -0400 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: "Peter L. Borst" Subject: What's the Buzz about Bees and the Bee Genome? MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Disposition: inline What's the Buzz about Bees and the Bee Genome? - An interview with biologist Gro Amdam, one of the members of the group that brought us the bee genome. Hey just what is a genome and could bees hold the answer to aging? In this show we learn the answers to these questions and why researchers are buzzing around bees. audio version http://askabiologist.asu.edu/podcasts/ print version http://tinyurl.com/2ca3g4 -- Peter L. Borst Danby, NY USA 42.35, -76.50 http://picasaweb.google.com/peterlborst **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2008 08:41:46 -0400 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Peter_de_Bruyn_Kops?= Subject: Re: Pollination Services Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit In New England, apple pollination pricing seems to range from zero to $75 or maybe a bit more. Factors to consider are: 1) Do you have to move colonies in and out, especially on short notice such as a call at 6 pm saying "we are spraying tomorrow at 4 am so you should get your bees out"? 2) How far do you have to travel? 3) What colony strength are you committing to provide? I know how many square inches of brood I need on April 20 in order to deliver strong colonies on May 15. 4) Are you going to operate your bee business to ensure you can deliver your standard strength colonies in future years even after heavy winter losses? In other words, can the grower count on you? 5) What extra 'features' do you provide that either increase pollination effectiveness or make the project easier on the grower? 6) What are the grower's other options in terms of native pollinators, keeping his own hives, or working with other beekeepers? 7) What are the grower's needs? Some have trouble selling even a mediocre crop while others want to maximize tonnage. Some have tree layouts or varieties that are difficult to pollinate well. **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2008 13:11:35 -0400 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Brian Fredericksen Subject: vitellogenin study Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Norwegian funded study at Arizona State http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-03/asu-hrt032408.php **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2008 19:54:00 -0400 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: =?UTF-8?Q?Peter_Borst?= Subject: Bee Stings Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit I don't know if any of you listened to the interview with Gro Amdam, but this cracked me up: Dr. Biology: That's very good. The other question I had, and it's more particular to you, of course. Have you ever been stung by a bee? Or maybe I should ask, how many times have you been stung by a bee? Gro: I can't give you any specific numbers. But I can guarantee you that after a couple of stings, you get really, really good at wearing protective gear. And duct tape your suit closed, so no bees can ever come in. --- Or, you get used to it ... pb **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2008 21:34:07 EDT Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Ralph Harrison Subject: Re: Pollination Services MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit By any chance do you know if there are any beekeepers on the Eastern Shore? I have a summer house in West Jeddore and would like to start a hive there. I would like to find out about either buying a established hive, nuc or a package of bees. I have been a beekeeper here in CT for twenty years and currently have twenty hives. Regards, Ralph Harrison Milford, CT **************Create a Home Theater Like the Pros. Watch the video on AOL Home. (http://home.aol.com/diy/home-improvement-eric-stromer?video=15?ncid=aolhom00030000000001) **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2008 04:13:23 -0700 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: C Hooper Subject: New Zealand Toxic Honey Outbreak Expected MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/plain; CHARSET=US-ASCII New Zealand Toxic Honey Outbreak Expected Specialists Expected Tutin Honey Outbreak By Martin Johnston, The New Zealand Herald, 3/26/2008 http://apitherapy.blogspot.com/2008/03/new-zealand-toxic-honey-outbreak.html The Food Safety Authority expected an outbreak of honey poisoning after regulations controlling the trade were eased in 2001, specialists say... **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2008 16:02:24 EDT Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: Walter Zimmermann Subject: Re: Propolis: Marla Spivak Ongoing Study MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Allot of work has been done by many people for example _http://www.fao.org/docrep/w0076e/w0076e14.htm_ (http://www.fao.org/docrep/w0076e/w0076e14.htm) Is there really a needle in the haystack or is the wheel being reinvented and the solution is on the shelf somewhere? Walter Ontario **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2008 04:01:16 -0700 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: C Hooper Subject: Short-Term Honey Consumption Aids Calcium Absorption MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/plain; CHARSET=US-ASCII Short-Term Honey Consumption Aids Calcium Absorption Acute and Chronic Effects of Honey and Its Carbohydrate Constituents on Calcium Absorption in Rats J. Agric. Food Chem, March 25, 2008 http://apitherapy.blogspot.com/2008/03/short-term-honey-consumption-aids.html Abstract: The effects of honey and its carbohydrate constituents (glucose, fructose, and raffinose) on calcium absorption in rats were investigated in acute and chronic feeding studies... **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2008 04:29:58 -0700 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: C Hooper Subject: 'World Apitherapy Day' Celebrates Health Benefits of Bee Products MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/plain; CHARSET=US-ASCII 'World Apitherapy Day' Celebrates Health Benefits of Bee Products Annual Event Marks Birth of Scientist Who Studied Medicinal Use of Bee Venom http://apitherapy.blogspot.com/2008/03/world-apitherapy-day-celebrates-health.html (MIAMI, FL, 3/27/2008) - March 30, 2008, will mark the 3nd annual celebration of "World Apitherapy Day," an event designed to enhance international understanding of the therapeutic use and health benefits of bee products... **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2008 04:54:24 -0700 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: C Hooper Subject: Case Study: Exposure to Bee Venom Resulted in Kidney Disorder MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/plain; CHARSET=US-ASCII Case Study: Exposure to Bee Venom Resulted in Kidney Disorder Acquired Fanconi Syndrome and Severe Hypophosphatemia After Exposure to Bee Venom National Kidney Foundation, 2008 Abstracts http://apitherapy.blogspot.com/2008/03/case-study-exposure-to-bee-venom.html Fanconi syndrome (FS) is a disorder of proximal renal tubular transport leading to variable expression of aminoaciduria, glycosuria, phosphaturia, and type II renal tubular acidosis. Acquired Fanconi syndrome has been reported most often in association with drugs, paraproteinemias, amyloidosis and heavy metal toxicity. We report exposure to bee venom as an additional cause of Fanconi syndrome and dangerous hypophosphatemia... **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2008 05:18:55 -0700 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: C Hooper Subject: Fake Medicinal Honey Sold in the Philippines MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/plain; CHARSET=US-ASCII Fake Medicinal Honey Sold in the Philippines Palawan Mayor Says No Such Thing as Green Honey The Philippine STAR, 3/28/2008 http://apitherapy.blogspot.com/2008/03/fake-medicinal-honey-sold-in.html Puerto Princesa city mayor Edward Hagedorn warned the public against the proliferation of the so-called "green honey" supposively taken from the deep jungles of Palawan... **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2008 10:01:10 -0400 Reply-To: Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology Sender: BEE-L@listserv.albany.edu From: "Peter L. Borst" Subject: Bee Stings MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Disposition: inline Bob Lemon, 78, started keeping bees when he was just six years old at the family home in Hapton, Norfolk. His father taught him how to pursue a swarm by banging a coal shovel with a heavy door key. In adulthood, he kept more than 70 hives stretching across the countryside from Cambridge to Ely, which produced honey for top food stores such as Fortnum and Masons and Harrods. As a member of the Cambridgeshire Beekeeping Association, Mr Lemon spent 50 years teaching others the art of apiary. He still produces endless jars of honey from his own home in Highfields, while his son has taken over the active side of the business. "You do these things, but you don't expect a reward for the things you do in life," said Mr Lemon. At one of the CBKA meetings, an immunologist from Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge came to test the beekeepers for their resistance to stings. "She took one look at me and said 'He's probably got more bee venom than blood in him.'" Mr Lemon is stung thousands of times a year but says all beekeepers develop resistance to the venom. "I'd rather get stung by a honey bee than a nettle. You just get used to it and half the time you don't even realise you've been stung." The Cambridgeshire Beekeeping Association (CBKA) surprised Mr Lemon with his award, for 50 years of service, at their annual meeting on March 6. Stephen Flack, on behalf of the CBKA secretary, said: "By 1942, Bob was an experienced beekeeper. He and his father possessed few commercially produced pieces of equipment and relied on folk wisdom, improvisation and inventiveness. A Perspex air canopy provided the ideal hive observation post, complete with gun sights, until the men from the ministry took it away. Bob has more than qualified for his award." SOURCE: http://tinyurl.com/2pljdf **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * ****************************************************