From SYSAM@UACSC2.ALBANY.EDUMon May 22 07:18:33 1995 Date: Mon, 22 May 95 08:38:07 EDT From: Aaron Morris To: dicka@cuug.ab.ca ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 1 Jun 1992 08:53:37 CDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Rich Pelikan Subject: Alternative extraction methods In-Reply-To: In reply to your message of FRI 29 MAY 1992 15:56:00 CDT > Does anyone know of any alternatives to the centrifuge-like > extractors? I only have one hive and would rather not have > to pay $200+ for an extractor. > > Has anyone ever heard of using a very cool oven to warm the > honey enough to get it to drip out of the comb? > > Thanks, > Jeff > --- > Jeff Frontz Work: +1 614 860 279 > AT&T-Bell Labs (CB 0A-119) Cornet: 353-279 > att!jeff.frontz jeff.frontz@att.com Home: +1 614 924 220 Hi Jeff You and make an extractor your self that cranks by hand. Mother Earth News had plans for one that used a drive shaft from an outboard motor, with a painted steel basket to hold the frames. Malcolm T. Sanford write "Apis" out of Florida and in one of his issues the was a wax melter that could be modified with a larger collection area. It would be a little more work to separate wax from honey but it would be very cheap. Let me know if you want the plan for the extractor and I'll see if I can find the Mother Earth Issue. Richard A. Pelikan, A275CCR Southeast Missouri State University BITNET: A275CCR@SEMOVM INTERNET: A275CCR@SEMOVM.SEMO.EDU ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 1 Jun 1992 17:41:09 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Edward E Southwick Subject: Publications SEND your publications for possible review in the American Bee Journal to me. I especially would like to review books and software related to bees and beekeeping. Also, if you would be willing to help review books, send me your name and address (snail mail). Get the American Bee Journal yourself to keep up with what is going on in bee biology! ================================================================== º Edward E. Southwick Department of Biology º º Phone 716-395-5743 State University of New York º º FAX 716-395-2416 Brockport, New York 14420 º º BITNET SOUTHWIK@BROCK1P U.S.A. º ================================================================== ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 3 Jun 1992 13:04:00 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: FS300022@SOL.YORKU.CA Subject: Re: Alternative extraction methods Any treatment of honey that involves heating is liable to caromelize it: it turns a deep red colour indicating the formation of hydroxy-methyl fufural (HMF). Such honey is rightly regarded as "spoiled" in some countries (e.g. in Germany, where such honey may not be sold as "honey"). The maximum recommended temperature to which honey may be heated during processing is 43 degrees celcius. However, the caromelisation process is a function of both temperature and time: a long time at even say 40 C will cause darkening (several days), while rapid heating to a higher temperature for short times (in a pasteuriser or a microwave oven - for at most a few minutes) will not cause darkening. Crushing the combs and straining is effective but very messy - and of course you cannot return the frame/comb to the hive for re-use. Heather honey can only be extracted in this way (crushing the combs) because it is thioxtropic (viscosity varies with stirring) - it cannot be extracted in a centrifuge. Geoffrey Hunter, York University, Toronto FS300022@YUSOL ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 3 Jun 1992 16:15:00 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Malcolm (Tom) Sanford, Florida Extension Apiculturist" Subject: New Beekeeping Development Association Dear Bee-lers: The following is a news notice on development of the Caribbean Apicultural Development Association for your information: Hope you enjoy it: If you want more information, contact the steering committee; Dr. Pesante for news items--first hard copy due in July or so. Caribbean Apicultural Development Association (CADA) Newsletter by Tom Sanford Extension Apiculturist University of Florida Why the CADA? The Caribbean Apicultural Development Association (CADA) was formed in response to information shared at the First Regional Training Workshop for Beekeepers, May 11-13, 1992, Castries, St. Lucia. Fifty-six beekeepers and officials involved in apiculture from 19 nations met to exchange technical information and discuss apicultural development problems in the region. A major conclusion by those in attendance was that few, mostly weak beekeeping associations exist at the national level throughout the Caribbean. Because of this, it is believed that a strong regional beekeeping development effort could significantly help nations upgrade their individual apicultural programs. Particular issues deemed important to beekeeping development in the Caribbean are: 1. Possible introduction/establishment of the African honey bee and diseases and pests of honey bees, particularly the Varroa bee mite, on many islands presently free of such organisms. 2. Integration of beekeeping into environmental conservation and agro-forestry initiatives presently underway in the region. 3. Formation of a viable queen-rearing industry in the region. This effort would first supply disease-free stock to the area itself, reducing the risk that infested imported stock would have to be brought in. Secondly, this could exploit the export market because so many islands are currently free of important diseases and pests, including the African honey bee. 4. Provision of technical information to beekeepers in the region and increasing possibilities for diversifying the marketing of bee products. The new Caribbean Apicultural Development Association (CADA) has a five-member steering committee: Abudu Jaima (Chair) EAG, P.O. Box 103 St. John's, Antigua ph 462-1469, FAX 460-1740 Jorge Murillo-Yepes CATCO, P.O. Box 612 St. George's, Grenada ph 440-2031 Rupert Gajadhar Mille Fleur Cooperative P.O. Box 1322 Castries, St. Lucia ph 452-5872 Dr. Daniel Pesante University of Puerto Rico Animal Science Dept. College Station, 5000 Mayaguez, P.R. 00681 ph 809-265-3854; FAX 809-265-0860 Mohamed Hallim Ministry of Agriculture St. Clair Circle Port of Spain, Trinidad ph 622-1221, Extension 328 The first concrete accomplishment of the new association is in your hands. This edition of the CADA newsletter is being sent to a large mailing list throughout the Caribbean. At present, there is no limitation on membership and you are asked to pass on this information to beekeepers, officials and others interested in beekeeping development in your area. We are also interested in your news which should be communicated to the editor of the newsletter, Dr. Pesante, at the above address. It is fortunate that the International Bee Research Association (IBRA) has planned its 5th International Convention on Beekeeping in the Tropics, Sept. 7-12, 1992, to be held in Trinidad. This will result in the opportunity for many of the participants to meet again soon keeping the high level of enthusiasm displayed in St. Lucia. It is projected that by the time of the Trinidad meeting, the steering committee will have drafted a constitution to determine how elections might work and membership will be solicited. Anyone interested in details about the convention or CADA's next meeting should contact Mohamed Hallim at the above address. ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 11 Jun 1992 10:02:22 BD2 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: ARI BASSI Subject: SUBSCRIPTION PLEASE, SUBSCRIME TO THE LIST BEE-L. THANKS... Ari Bassi do Nascimento Universidade Estadual de Londrina CCB - Depto. de Psicologia Fone (0432) 21-2000 R. 587 86051 - Londrina - Pr. ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 11 Jun 1992 14:10:29 MST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Winifred W. Doane" Subject: Subscription to the List Bee-L Please enter my subscription to the LIST BEE-L. I thought I had already subscr ibed, but perhaps not, since I received the note from Ari Bassi do Nascimento < ARI@BRFUEL.BITNET> which said, "Please, subscibe to the LIST BEE-L. Thanks..." ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 17 Jun 1992 16:40:00 BSC Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology Comments: @FPSP.FAPESP.BR - @FPSP.HEPNET - @BRFAPESP.BITNET - .BR gateway From: UERCB@BRFAPESP.BITNET Subject: DISCUSSION OF BEE BIOLOGY }PHPLASER }Please, ¦I would like to rece ive some articles ¦about ¦"patternal inheritance" ¦¦or ¦¦"haploid ¦effects" ¦in ¦¦Insects, ¦¦specially Hymenoptera. Prof. Dr. Osmar Malaspina ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 17 Jun 1992 16:40:25 CST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Fernando Silveira Subject: Honey bees vs native bees I saw a hardcopy of some of the messages about the competion among honey bees and native bees. This is a subject that interest me very much and on which I have done some work. No doubt the most difficult part of a study on this subject is the evaluation of food availability, especially when one is interested in the hole assemblage of plants and bees of a community. I have studied two different communities in Brazil (some articles have just been submitted, others are in preparation) using the size of flowers as an indication of the amount of food they produce. My impression is that competion does occur between the africanized honey bee and the native bees. This stress imposed by Apis is not equaly dis- tributed among all other species but might be very heavy on some of them Apis represented 24% of the bee biomass in one place (under native vege- tation) and 44% in the other (an abandoned pasture with many introduced weeds). This suggests me that Apis might be more efficient in disturbed environments than in undisturbed ones. This might be due to better adaptation of the native species to the native flora. Some one has also talked about differences between the european and the africanized bees. I have tryed to maintain colonies of italian honey bees in southeastern Brazil, but they would not build populations up even when the africaniz- ed bees were storing plenty of honey. It has been said in the literature that feral colonies of honey bees were not common in South and Central America before the arrival of the africanized bees. This probably say something about the differences, I guess... Fernando ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 18 Jun 1992 13:41:00 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Malcolm (Tom) Sanford, Florida Extension Apiculturist" Subject: bumblebeequest Message to Peter Kevan: Will bumblebeequest be available through bee-l? I notice that a subscription of $20.00 Canadian is necessary to receive it snail mail...? Tom Sanford Extension Apiculturist University of Florida ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 23 Jun 1992 16:05:46 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology Comments: Converted from PROFS to RFC822 format by PUMP V2.2X From: "Barry S. Nichols" Subject: a little help? 7004 Ethan Allen Way, Louisville, KY 40272 Phone: 502-583-5835 (machine) I would like to obtain a copy of TREE & SHRUB INSECTS OF THE PRAIRIE PROVINCES by W.G.H. Ives and H.R. Wong. 1988. INFORMATION REPORT NOR-X-292. It was published by the Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forestry Service. It is no longer in stock. If anyone knows of a copy please contact Barry S. Nichols, 7004 Ethan Allen Way, Louisville, KY 40272. º or call the number in my header, a machine always answers. Thanks. GROUCHO (Quale): Say, where'd I see your face before? CHICO (Joe): Right where it is now. ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 23 Jun 1992 15:17:07 CDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology Comments: Please Acknowledge Reception From: DIANE JOHNSON Subject: SUBSCRITION I AM REQUESTING TO SUBSCRIBE TO THE BEE BITNET MAIL PLEASE. MY ADDRESS IS DIANE JOHNSON@USM BITNET. THANK YOU. Diane Johnson ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 23 Jun 1992 17:25:31 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Demo Subject: RE: SUBSCRITION What you don't have a lie that you need to use internet mail to help you. ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 24 Jun 1992 14:20:00 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Malcolm (Tom) Sanford, Florida Extension Apiculturist" Subject: JUNE ISSUE OF APIS FILENAME: JUNAPIS.92 Florida Extension Beekeeping Newsletter Apis--Apicultural Information and Issues (ISSN 0889-3764) Volume 10, Number 6, June 1992 FRESH HONEY My experience in Europe revealed that many on the Continent are concerned about honey freshness. We in the United States, like our friends from Europe, are interested in quality measured by moisture content, flavor, aroma, and freedom from debris and crystals. Freshness, however, has not been an urgent issue. After all, little can happen to honey over time unless it ferments. And who hasn't heard about that timeless sweet still reported to be edible when taken from clay pots in ships sunk some 2,000 years ago! Honey freshness, however, is not just an academic concept when it comes to the export market. And Europe, after all, is a major importer of honey. A recent paper provides an analysis of how values have been set in the Codex Alimentarius Commission (1969) for measuring freshness using diastase activity and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content. M.T. Sancho, and colleagues from Spain ("Aging of Honey," Journal of Agric. Food Chem., Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 134-138, 1992) studied 115 honeys from a wide range of plants found in the Basque country. Their conclusions: The great majority of honeys examined would be out of freshness in 2 years; to be safe, they should be consumed at least one year after extraction. There is little question that honeys lose their freshness quickly given the measurements reported in the study. The other side of the coin, however, is whether aging necessarily means a loss in other qualities that honey is known for. Until more studies on this issue are complete, however, it's not good form to ignore the capitalistic rule that "the customer is always right." If you wish a copy of the paper, please phone or write. HONEY OF A THANK YOU ENSO, the Entomology and Nematology Student Organization at the University of Florida, and Scott Yocom would like to thank Mr. Troy Groebe of Groebe Farms, Belleview, Florida and Mr. Al Ballard of Ballard Apiaries, Sarasota, Florida for their recent donation of 600 pounds of Orange Blossom Honey. This gift is greatly appreciated and the proceeds from selling this honey will help departmental students in many ways. Thanks again! CARIBBEAN APICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION (CADA) The Caribbean Apicultural Development Association (CADA) was recently formed in response to information shared at the First Regional Training Workshop for Beekeepers, May 11-13, 1992, Castries, St. Lucia. Fifty-six beekeepers and officials involved in apiculture from 19 nations met to exchange technical information and discuss apicultural development problems in the region. A major conclusion by those in attendance was that few, mostly weak, beekeeping associations exist at the national level throughout the Caribbean. Because of this, it is believed that a strong regional beekeeping development effort could significantly help nations upgrade their individual apicultural programs. Particular issues deemed important to beekeeping development in the Caribbean are: 1. Possible introduction/establishment of the African honey bee and diseases and pests of honey bees, particularly the Varroa bee mite, on many islands presently free of such organisms. 2. Integration of beekeeping into environmental conservation and agroforestry initiatives presently underway in the region. 3. Formation of a viable queen-rearing industry in the region. 4. Provision of technical information to beekeepers in the region and increasing possibilities for diversifying the marketing of bee products. The new Caribbean Apicultural Development Association (CADA) has a five-member steering committee. A first edition of the CADA newsletter is being sent to a large mailing list throughout the Caribbean. At present, there is no limitation on membership. The region is being defined broadly to include anybody on an island or mainland nation with an interest in the area. Communications should be sent to the newsletter editor, Dr. Daniel Pesante, University of Puerto Rico, Animal Science Dept., College Station, 5000 Mayaguez, P.R. 00681,ph 809-265-3854; FAX 809-265-0860. The next meeting of the CADA will be held in Trinidad in September. TROPICAL APICULTURE MEETING IN TRINIDAD The 5th International Conference on Apiculture in Tropical Climates, sponsored by the International Bee Research Association and the Government of Trinidad and Tobago will be held in Trinidad, September 7-12, 1992. For details, contact Mohammed Hallim, Ministry of Agriculture, St. Clair Circle, Port of Spain, Trinidad, ph 809/622-1221, Extension 328, FAX 809/622-4246. POLLINATION PARADOX In January and February of last year, I wrote about the honey bee- blueberry connection. As you may recall, the honey bee is not the most efficient pollinator of blueberries, especially some varieties adapted to the South. An article entitled: "Honeybees are Poor Pollinators - Why? (Plant Systematics and Evolution, Vol. 177:71- 75) by Christian Westerkamp discusses some of the biological reasons that honey bees are not always the best pollinators. The principle thesis of the paper is that honey bees, because of the colony's perennial life over many generations, cannot afford to adapt to the needs of one or a few plant species. These insects must take advantage of as many plants as possible and thus remain generalists. This is good for bees as well as beekeepers, for it guarantees productivity in a great many geographic locations. However, it also means that few if any honey bee adapted flowers exist and so pollination by these insects is a hit and miss affair. The paper's conclusion: "Considering the high number of flower and pollinator species and the multitude of their respective interrelations it is obvious that a single species cannot take over all pollinatory tasks...Honeybee monocultures thus must be avoided or overcome and a manifoldness of pollinators must be fostered instead by all means." In an effort to better exploit wild pollinators, a fledgling bumble bee industry is developing. Unfortunately, much of the research in this area is proprietary. Nevertheless, a newsletter is being published called Bumblebeequest: Yearround Rearing. The latest issued discusses why buzzing (bumble bees do it; honey bees don't) is important for tomato flower pollination, lists pathogens, like viruses, that attack wild bees and explores the risks of introducing exotic bumble bees which would compete with other native bee species. Subscriptions are available for Canada $20.00/yr. Send a check payable to "Bombus" to Dr. D.T. Fairey, Agriculture Canada, Box 29, Beaverlodge, AB, Canada TOH OCO. Those interested in bumble bees, as well as other pollinators, might wish to attend the International Workshop on Non-Apis Bees and Their Role as Crop Pollinators, August 9-13 at Utah State University, Logan, UT. To register ($120 before July 17), call 1- 800/538-2663. In spite of evidence that honey bees are not perfect pollinators in all situations, fans of these insects don't need to despair. The fact that honey bees are generalists means they can be used as pollinators for a wide variety of crops. And in most circumstances, they are the insect of choice when it comes to employing practical pollination practices. FOR-SALE CATALOG The new for-sale catalog of publications, software and videos available from the Florida Cooperative Extension Service has now been distributed. This 26-page resource provides titles, costs and detailed descriptions of educational materials in many areas including: commercial agriculture, natural resources, chemicals and fertilizers, economics and entomology. Of particular interest is the FAIRS CD-ROM Multimedia database, containing about 750 megabytes of information on everything from irrigation to plant and landscape selection. To receive a copy of this catalog, contact your county Cooperative Extension office or call 904/392-1764. ON FOREST STEWARDSHIP I am in receipt of the first issue of The Florida Forest Steward. This quarterly newsletter for Florida landowners and resource professionals seeks to inform land managers about the new Florida Forest Stewardship Program. Initiated by the National Association of State Foresters and funded by the USDA Forest Service, the program in Florida has enlisted the aid of six state agencies to help managers of lands of 25 acres or more to develop their own stewardship design. Nine incentive programs (SIP) are eligible for financial assistance: Reforestation and Afforestation, Forest and Agroforest Improvement, Soil and Water Protection and Improvement, Riparian and Wetland Protection Improvement, Aquatic Habitat Enhancement, Wildlife Habitat Enhancement and Forest Recreation Enhancement. The unique thing about this program, according to the newsletter, is that it is not just timber oriented. Because of this multipurpose approach, it would seem that land could also be managed to enhance honey bee habitat. A good case can be made for the potential value of bee pollination in several of the SIPs mentioned above. This appears to be an excellent chance for enlisting some professional aid in developing/conserving nectar and pollen-producing areas and perhaps increasing the number of potential beeyard locations. One way to begin is to get on the newsletter mailing list and also ask for a copy of the publication: Florida's Forest Stewardship Program: An Opportunity to Manage Your Land for Now and for the Future. These can be requested from: Dept. of Forestry Extension Office, University of Florida, 118 Newins Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611. Study the materials, then make appropriate suggestions to the manager of lands where your beeyards are located, and to forestry resource professionals. Remember that this opportunity is just that; nothing will come from it without a push by the beekeeper. Sincerely, Malcolm T. Sanford Entomology-Nematology, Bldg 970 University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611-0620 Phone (904) 392-1801, Ext. 143 FAX: 904-392-0190 BITNET Address: MTS@IFASGNV INTERNET Address: MTS@GNV.IFAS.UFL.EDU ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 25 Jun 1992 12:31:29 +1200 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "A.S. Chamove" Subject: Re: JUNE ISSUE OF APIS In-Reply-To: Your letter of Wed, 24 Jun 1992 14:20:00 EDT Recall reading alot about the African honey bee in America a few years ago, but not anything recently. Could someone bring me up to date on its movement into the USA and damage caused? I have had experience of this fellow in parts of Africa and while certainly not a desirable insect from my point of view, it did not seem to be the destructor to animals and man that the press made out. I lived in a hut on the flight path of a nest about 100 metres away and the insects were not pleased. Another student inadvertently went close to a nest and before she could get away was stung over 50 times. She was not a pretty sight for about a week. We were far from any other habitation (9 hours by car) and so had no access to medication; so it might have been dangerous I suppose. -- ----------------------------------------------------------------- Arnold Chamove Massey University Psychology Palmerston North, New Zealand ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 25 Jun 1992 10:19:23 CST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Fernando Subject: Honey freshness The article in Apis made me curious about how honey freshness was measured. What parameters are taken in consideration? ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 25 Jun 1992 11:41:32 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Erik Whalen-Pedersen Subject: Questions I have recently started "subscribing" to BEE-L and have found the logged files quite interesting reading. I recently started keeping bees and have a couple of practical questions: Is there an easy way to gently remove the bees clinging to you after working your bees? I was checking on things a couple of days ago. It was cooler than normal and when I left, I had an estimated 40 bees clustered on the small of my back. When _IS_ the best time to requeen a colony? I have read everything from Spring to Fall to anytime. I have just relocated a feral colony and probably need to do so. Thanks. Erik Whalen-Pedersen Internet: