From LISTSERV@UACSC2.ALBANY.EDU Sun Oct 2 14:35:06 1994 Date: Sun, 2 Oct 1994 16:37:08 -0400 From: BITNET list server at ALBNYVM1 To: Allen Dick Subject: File: "BEE-L LOG9301" ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 6 Jan 1993 09:38:33 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Malcolm (Tom) Sanford, Florida Extension Apiculturist" Subject: Position Opening: Extension Apiculturist--Caribbean The Institute for European Marketing and Development Assistance (EMDA Institute) has received a request from the EC to provide an extension apiculturist for the Caribbean area. Here are the qualifications and duties provided me in a recent FAX message: 1. Hold a university degree and have extensive experience in tropical/subtropical beekeeping, preferably the Caribbean. 2. Be a competent beekeeper and have excellent knowledge of beekeeping theory. 3. Be experiences in formulating, organising and monitoring agricultural/apicultural extension programs. 4. Be capable of designing and conducting beekeeping training courses adapted to the special needs of beefarmers, women and other groups. 5. Be fluent in English (working language). Duties: 1. Stationed either in Jamaica, Dominica or Surinam. 2. 12 month minimum assignment. 3. Remuneration: Tax-free stationed and paid on ECU based in Luxemburg According to EC standards. Please respond directly to: P.J. IJben, President Institute for European Marketing and Development Assistance P.O. Box 100 NL-7590 AC DENEKAMP I believe this to be in Holland (message originated in the Holland Office Computer Center) Tel: (31) 5413-55000 FAX: (31) 5413-54973 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Tom Sanford Extension Apiculturist University of Florida Mailing Address: Bldg 970, Hull Rd., Gainesville, FL 32611-0620 Voice phone 904/392-1801, Ext. 143 FAX 904/392-0190 INTERNET: MTS@GNV.IFAS.UFL.EDU BITNET: MTS@IFASGNV +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 7 Jan 1993 13:42:08 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: PATOLINO@BRUSP.ANSP.BR Subject: BEE INFORMATION PIRASSUNUNGA - SAO PAULO - BRASIL DEAR OWNER I'D LIKE TO KNOW ABOUT BEE VENOM (Apis mellifera). -chemical compounds -how to extract and storage -medical use -bibliographyc references I'M A STUDENT (IC) FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF SAO PAULO BRAZIL, ZOOTECNIA (ANIMAL SCIENCE). ADRESS: MARCELO EDUARDO KORNFELD - CENTER OF BEE RESEARCH - CAZUSP CP 23 CEP 13630-000 PIRASSUNUNGA/SAO PAULO/BRASIL E-MAIL ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 7 Jan 1993 11:28:59 PST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Adrian Wenner Subject: Re: BEE INFORMATION In-Reply-To: <9301071841.AA03581@ucsbuxb.ucsb.edu>; from "PATOLINO@brusp.ansp.br 7 Jan. 1993 Dear Mr. Kornfeld, Under separate cover I am sending you a small bit of information from my files about bee stings, as per your request via e-mail. I also send some other pertinent information about my research. With all best wishes for the New Year! Sincerely, Adrian M. Wenner Prof. of Natural History, Emeritus B > > PIRASSUNUNGA - SAO PAULO - BRASIL DEAR OWNER > I'D LIKE TO KNOW ABOUT BEE VENOM (Apis mellifera). > -chemical compounds > -how to extract and storage > -medical use > -bibliographyc references > I'M A STUDENT (IC) FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF SAO PAULO > BRAZIL, ZOOTECNIA (ANIMAL SCIENCE). > ADRESS: MARCELO EDUARDO KORNFELD - CENTER OF BEE RESEARCH - CAZUSP > CP 23 CEP 13630-000 PIRASSUNUNGA/SAO PAULO/BRASIL > E-MAIL > ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 8 Jan 1993 11:17:50 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: dANILO fONSECA Subject: Re: BEE INFORMATION In-Reply-To: Message of Thu, 7 Jan 1993 13:42:08 -0500 from On Thu, 7 Jan 1993 13:42:08 -0500 said: >PIRASSUNUNGA - SAO PAULO - BRASIL DEAR OWNER > I'D LIKE TO KNOW ABOUT BEE VENOM (Apis mellifera). > -medical use Marcelo. I read a book written by a Soviet author (I think his name is Ioirich) when I was in Brazil. I am not sure it has scientific validity but the book has a lot of interesting information about medical use of the products of the honey bee. I remember that there is even a proposed treatment f or arthritis based upon increasing number of bee stings. Something like in the first week of treatment the patient receiving one sting a day. In the next week two stings a day and so forth, until you reach I guess 10 stings a day in the last week. I proposed the drastic treatment for my mother-in-law who suffers from Arthritis but she gently refused. The book also brings interesting information about "mel expresso" (express honey), i.e. honey produced from sugar syrup with selected components. Ioirich mentions an area in a former Soviet Republic (Azherbaijan?) where, according to him, people usually reach the age of 100 and beyond. The reason for the alleged longevity is related to beekeeping practice in the region. I think the Portuguese title is "Abelhas, Farmacias Aladas" (Honeybees: Winged Drugstor es) and edited in Moscou. > I'M A STUDENT (IC) FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF SAO PAULO >BRAZIL, ZOOTECNIA (ANIMAL SCIENCE). >ADRESS: MARCELO EDUARDO KORNFELD - CENTER OF BEE RESEARCH - CAZUSP > CP 23 CEP 13630-000 PIRASSUNUNGA/SAO PAULO/BRASIL > E-MAIL Um abraco, Danilo Correa da Fonseca Filho, Washington, D.C. ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 12 Jan 1993 09:45:58 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Rick Hough Subject: Paraffin vs. Beeswax I'm curious if anyone out there is aware of a simple test to detect the presence of paraffin in beeswax. I am looking for a method to do a quality control test on "100% beeswax" candles, to check for impurities, specifically paraffin. Ideally, the test would be simple and inexpensive, and one that can be performed without extensive equipment (i.e. at home). It also should be quick to perform, as I would want to perform the test on numerous samples in a short period of time. Thanks in advance! Rick Hough, Hamilton, MA, USA Internet: rshough@tasc.com ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 12 Jan 1993 10:21:05 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Aaron Morris Subject: Tests for paraffin > I'm curious if anyone out there is aware of a simple test to detect the > presence of paraffin in beeswax. I am looking for a method to do a > quality control test on "100% beeswax" candles, to check for impurities, > specifically paraffin. Ideally, the test would be simple and inexpensive, > and one that can be performed without extensive equipment (i.e. at home). > It also should be quick to perform, as I would want to perform the test > on numerous samples in a short period of time. >From experience I know that melted bee's wax is much hotter than melted paraffin, although I don't know the exact temperatures. It should be simple to determine the temperature at which pure bee's wax melts. Then you could determine the melting point of your unknown samples. If it's other than that of pure bee's wax you know you have an adulterated sample. Thinking further on this, I guess the test wouldn't tell you that the adulterant is strictly paraffin, it could perhaps be some other substance used to make candles, but it would tell you whether your samples are pure bee's wax. There may be better tests out there. Aaron Morris Albany, New York ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 13 Jan 1993 09:59:00 GMT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: BCG0311@VAX2.QUEENS-BELFAST.AC.UK Subject: Varroa and other hosts Hi all.. The following is an extract from 'Beekeepers News' published by E.H. Thorne (Beehives Ltd, Wragby, Lincoln, LN3 5LA, England., Vol 5888 Jan. 93) "At last years National Honey Show we discovered from beekeepers on Jersey that the Channel Islands had been infected with Varroa by the mite travelling on colonies of Bumble Bees imported to the island for pollination purposes. The pollination was to take place on crops of tomatoes under glass. The local beekeepers are convinced this is the source of their infestation and are obviously angry at this apparent lack of thought and control. We point this out because it came to our attention in the Yorkshire Post of July 4 th that colonies of Bumble Bees were being imported into North Humberside; Beverley to be exact, for the very same purpose. These colonies originated from Holland, a country with a high incidence rate of Varroa" Has anyone out there know or has researched into the possibility of Varroa travelling on wasps or other solitory bees? Can the wasps or solitory bees support the Varroa reproductive life cycle? Here in Ireland, we are, at the moment, varroa free but in concerns me that Bumble Bees have been imported into South Ireland for pollination purposes. Philip Earle BCG0311 @ V2.QUB.AC.UK (JANET network) ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 13 Jan 1993 08:32:08 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Malcolm (Tom) Sanford, Florida Extension Apiculturist" Subject: Re: Varroa and other hosts Yes, we have had reports of Varroa found on wasps, bumble bees and even beetles. They do get around...I doubt any of those insects can support Varroa reproduction... ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Tom Sanford Extension Apiculturist University of Florida Mailing Address: Bldg 970, Hull Rd., Gainesville, FL 32611-0620 Voice phone 904/392-1801, Ext. 143 FAX 904/392-0190 INTERNET: MTS@GNV.IFAS.UFL.EDU BITNET: MTS@IFASGNV +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 14 Jan 1993 20:02:01 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Peter Kevan Subject: Re: Varroa and other hosts In-Reply-To: Message of Wed, 13 Jan 1993 09:59:00 GMT from I coauthored a review and a caution on the issue of Varroa travelling on alternative hosts, including wasps and flowers, also betles. The review, co-authored with Laverty and Denmark was published in BEE WORLD. The remarks about Varroa possibly travelling with bumblebees is most alarming, and was noted as a possibility in our review. I can't remember the volume & issue of BEE WORLD, but what other organ for publication would be appropriate to such oversight! The information was also published in Canadian Beekeeping. 1991 I would add that our review did elicit some aapparent annoyance among parties with vested interests in bombiculture. Cheers, Peter Kevan, U of Guelph, Canada ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 15 Jan 1993 11:56:19 WET Reply-To: MunnPA@cardiff.ac.uk Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Dr Pamela Munn Subject: varroa and other hosts The article in Bee World appeared in volume 71(3) 1990, p. 119 - it also mentions the possiblity of cuckoo bumble bees as hosts. Pam Munn _____________________________________________________________________________ | E-mail : MunnPA@Cardiff.AC.UK | Mail: IBRA, | | Phone : +44 222 372409 | 18, North Road, | | Fax : +44 222 665522 | Cardiff, | |---------------------------------------| South Glamorgan | | Please state if the message is for | CF1 3DY | | someone else within IBRA | United Kingdom | |_______________________________________|___________________________________| ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 20 Jan 1993 21:06:34 -0600 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Judith Harris Subject: Volunteers Needed for On-Line Educational Project WOULD YOU BE WILLING TO SHARE WHAT YOU KNOW WITH PRE-COLLEGE STUDENTS AND TEACHERS BY ELECTRONIC MAIL? Recent estimates indicate that there are now more than 50,000 classroom teachers from primary, middle, and secondary schools who hold accounts on the Internet. This makes a very special kind of learning available to them: one which directly involves subject matter experts communicating with students and teachers about their specialties, via electronic mail. With support from the Texas Center for Educational Technology, we (at the University of Texas at Austin) are now piloting a new Internet-based service (the "Electronic Emissary") that will bring together pre- college students, their teachers, and subject matter experts (SMEs) electronically, helping them to create telecomputing exchanges centered around the students' learning in the SMEs' disciplines. For example, * A class studying South America could learn about recent global environmental research results from a scientist who studies rainforest deforestation in Brazil. * A class studying geometry might "talk" electronically with Euclid, who is actually a mathematics professor. * A class studying the future of education might converse with an emerging technologies specialist from California's Silicon Valley. * A class studying American History might electronically interview Harry Truman, who is really a curator with the National Archives. * A class exploring the rapidly-changing governmental structures that are emerging in what was once the Soviet Union might correspond with a group of graduate political science students at a university in the CIS. * Or, a class reading _Huckleberry Finn_ might correspond with an African-American studies scholar about the repercussions resulting from the enacting of the Emancipation Proclamation. In this pilot phase of the project, 10-12 SMEs or SME groups are needed to correspond regularly (approximately 4 times per week) with primary, middle school, or secondary students and their teachers (1 SME or expert group per class). Each electronic exchange will begin with 2 weeks of project planning via electronic mail between the SMEs and the teachers (2/16 - 2/28/93). Communications with students will begin during the week of March 1st, and will continue for 4 - 6 weeks. ==> If you would like to find out more about this pilot ==> project, please send electronic mail to Judi Harris, ==> jbharris@tenet.edu. Please include your name, ==> institution, and areas of expertise. ==> PLEASE RESPOND ASAP; all teacher-SME pairs will be ==> formed by 2/15/93. @>--;-- Judi Harris _ /| _^^_ Department of Curriculum & Instruction \'o.o'( \ University of Texas at Austin =(___)= ( ) c.." ..cc--"\_? Internet address: JBHarris@Tenet.edu c./ @>--;-- ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 21 Jan 1993 11:40:55 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Ray Lackey Subject: Indoor wintering of honeybees As the concern for spreading disease and pests (mites) is growing in the United States, northern beekeepers are growing concerned about sources of early queens and bees. We are looking into more efficient overwintering to provide those bees. There have been some articles on the subject in "American Bee Journal" over the recent years but they have lacked depth. I have tried data base searches available to me and have not had success. I contaced our bee research university, Cornell, in New York state, and they were not able to help me. They suggested Canada. Can any of you give me leads to a book covering the subject and how to get it? Ray Lackey, Long Island Beekeepers Club, New York -- Raymond J. Lackey INTERNET: lackeyr @ drone.hazeltine.com Mail: Hazeltine Corp., MS-1-2, 450 Pulaski Rd., Greenlawn NY 11740 Voice: 516-262-8066 FAX: 516-262-8053 Switchboard: 516-261-7000 ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 21 Jan 1993 15:13:25 CST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Bee Surgeon Anybody know if there is a comercial source (or research source) for Nosema spores ? I need some to play with bees. Best regards. and Have a Happy Chinese New Year ! # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # W W W HHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH ,,HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH,, ,,''' ''',, ,,'' '',, ;; ||' ,,,,,,,,,,||, ;; ;; || ;; ;; ,,,,||,||, ,,,,,,,,,||, ;; ;; ,|' || || ;; ;; ,|' || || ;; ;; ,|', ''''''''''' ;; ;; ,|| |, ,,,,,,,,,,,||, ;; ;; ,,' || '' || || || ;; ;; || || || || ;; ;; || ||''';;''''|| ;; ;; || || || || ;; ;; || ;;,,,;;,,,,;; ;; ;; ;; ;;,, ,,;; '';;,, ,,;;'' '';;;HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH;'' HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH >> >> >> >> << << << << >> >> >> >> << << << << ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 22 Jan 1993 01:30:00 GMT Reply-To: rodders@cix.compulink.co.uk Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Rod Ellery Subject: Hive costs The following was posted in the beekeeping conference @cix.compulink.co.uk of which I am the moderator. > Conf: beekeeping/general From: rovoreed Msg No: 115 Date: 19/ 1/93 > > Is there anyone outside the UK reading this ? > > What I want to know is, the typical cost of Langstroth parts in > France/Belgium/Holland. > > With the free EC marketplace, is it cheaper to go get it from abroad, > rather that locally to the UK. > > rovoreed@cix.compulink.co.uk Any answers would be appreciated plus names and addresses of suppliers. Replies by email please to :- Rod Ellery ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 22 Jan 1993 11:28:26 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "PAM::DR"@AC.NSAC.NS.CA Subject: BEE SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM ANNOUNCEMENT Come one come all to this special symposium to be held in Kentville, Nova Scotia, Canada. Because of recent advancements in honey bee virus detection protocols as a result of work by Dr. Don Stoltz et al at Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, it was felt that a symposium would be a useful forum for open discussion and dissemination of information on HB viruses, diseases, and parasitic mites. _______________________________________________________________ BEE SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - List of speakers Brenda Ball, Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts UK. "Transmission/activation of honeybee viruses by mites." Don Stoltz and Crista Boggis, Dept. Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie U., Halifax, NS. "Diagnostic tools for virus infection in the honeybee." John Phillips, Dept. Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Guelph. "Engineering a gene for insecticide resistance in the honeybee." Thomas Rinderer, Honeybee Breeding, Genetics and Physiology Research, USDA, Baton Rouge, LA. "Breeding for resistance to Varroa jacobsoni." Don Nelson, Agric.Can., Beaverlodge, Alberta. "Tracheal mite detection and control methods." John Sutton, Dept. Environmental Biology, University of Guelph. "Honeybees as vectors of biocontrol agents." Rick Fisher, Dept. Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS. "Opportunities and challenges in the management of native bee pollinators." _______________________________________________________________ FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT Dick Rogers, Apiculturist/Entomologist Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture and Marketing Agricultural Centre Kentville, Nova Scotia B4N 1J5 VOICE: 902-679-6029 FAX: 902-679-6062 EMAIL: DR_PI@AC.NSAC.NS.CA EMAIL: "PAM::DR"@AC.NSAC.NS.CA ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 22 Jan 1993 10:40:00 -0800 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Kerry Clark 784-2225 Subject: Re: Indoor wintering of honeybees There is a good review of the topic, and list of detailed publications, in the 1992 edition of The Hive and the Honey Bee p 850 -868. I'm familiar with several indoor wintering operation near here. Bees (1000-2000 col) are moved indoors after the weather is consistently below freezing (mid November) and removed late March to early April. Survival 75-90% of colonies. Outdoor overwintering can be more successful in the same area (stronger colonies in mid April) but takes more labour and feed. Kerry Clark, Apiculture Specialist B.C. Ministry of Agriculture 1201 103 Ave Dawson Creek B.C. V1G 4J2 CANADA Tel (604) 784-2225 fax (604) 784-2299 INTERNET KCLARK@GALAXY.GOV.BC.CA ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 22 Jan 1993 09:39:39 PST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Bruce Bowen Subject: Remove Please remove me from this list. -Thanks. ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 22 Jan 1993 16:28:40 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "PAM::DR"@AC.NSAC.NS.CA Subject: BEE SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM DATE The date of the Bee Science Symposium which was announced earlier is March 12, 1993. Dick Rogers ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 23 Jan 1993 11:06:40 -0600 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: WESTENDORF Subject: Re: Indoor wintering of honeybees My husband and I got our first hive last spring. The hive produced honey and grew in population. Early winter we put the hive into a building because it gets very cold in winter in Iowa. The building was not heated, but served as a wind break. The hive had plenty of food and we also gave supplemental food. My husband looked inside recently, and he said they all looked dead. None were moving around. Are they dead? Do they sleep all winter? Any ideas of why they died? The hive was brand new, so disease (we hoped) would be kept at a minimum. Thanks for your help. Mary ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 25 Jan 1993 13:16:02 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: BATSON@FRMNVAX1.BITNET Subject: bees on birdfeeders The following is a message from BIRDCHAT that may be of interest here. Respond to BEE-L, to me personally, or to the original sender (Rocky Rothrock--I am forwarding this with his permission). ------------------------ John Batson --------------- Psychology--Furman Univ. BATSON@FRMNVAX1 Greenville, SC 29613 --------------- ------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subj: Honey bees on bird feeder Twice this winter I've noticed honey bees on my bird feeder. No, this is not a hummingbird feeder! Both days were quite warm for NJ at this time of year (low 60's the first time, mid 50's today). Seed is one scoop from a bag of mixed seeds, and one scoop from a bag of sunflower seeds. Each time there were 50-100 honey bees spread out over the feeding table. Anyone have similar experience, or idea what is attracting the bees? Both times the seeds were fresh and dry, so I don't suspect any kind of fermentation. Besides, aren't these critters supposed to be dormant in the winter? (Obviously they at least come out to play on warm days!) Incidentally, some of the birds ignored the bees. However, more than the usual number chose to eat on the ground. Rocky Rothrock Internet address: hir@cc.bellcore.com 6 Ironhill Drive Work telephone: (908) 758-2136 Holmdel, NJ 07733 Home telephone: (908) 264-9119 ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 25 Jan 1993 13:34:51 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Malcolm (Tom) Sanford, Florida Extension Apiculturist" Subject: Re: bees on birdfeeders I suspect that the bees were searching for pollen. Since there is not much pollen available in the spring, the insects will often go to any lengths to gather pollen-like materials--sawdust, livestock feed, etc...they apparently don't have the ability to discriminate what is pollen and what is not? ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Tom Sanford Extension Apiculturist University of Florida Mailing Address: Bldg 970, Hull Rd., Gainesville, FL 32611-0620 Voice phone 904/392-1801, Ext. 143 FAX 904/392-0190 INTERNET: MTS@GNV.IFAS.UFL.EDU BITNET: MTS@IFASGNV +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 25 Jan 1993 13:39:04 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Tom Fisher Subject: Re: Indoor wintering of honeybees In-Reply-To: <9301251715.AA23235@fieldofdreams.npirs.purdue.edu>; from "WESTENDORF" at Jan 23, 93 11:06 am > > My husband and I got our first hive last spring. The hive > produced honey and grew in population. Early winter we put > the hive into a building because it gets very cold in winter > in Iowa. The building was not heated, but served as a wind > break. The hive had plenty of food and we also gave > supplemental food. My husband looked inside recently, and > he said they all looked dead. None were moving around. > Are they dead? Do they sleep all winter? Any ideas of why > they died? The hive was brand new, so disease (we hoped) > would be kept at a minimum. Thanks for your help. > My guess is that they died of dehydration. By putting them inside a building, you cut off their access to water. In winter, they don't sleep and they do require access to water. They also leave the hive for light exercise in the winter. So, even though your intentions were "noble", you should not have moved the hive indoors. Tom Fisher ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 25 Jan 1993 14:01:10 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Aaron Morris Subject: Are they dead? or Why a building, why not a wrap? Mary Westendorf queries: "Are they dead?" It's hard to call the hive as she described it (dead or not). The usual cause of winter loss is starvation. Her description said there were plenty of winter stores. Also, starvation usually takes its toll on a hive in the early spring, not in the height of winter. Stores should be sufficient to make it through a winter and the loss due to starvation most often takes place when brood rearing commences in the early spring, before the bees are able to bring in sufficient nutrients to maintain the new brood. It is at this time that supplemental feeding is most important. A description of the usual winter activity of a hive may help. In the winter the bees are less active, but they do not sleep all winter. At temperatures below 45 degrees F, the bees form a tightly packed cluster. This cluster spends the cool/cold days and nights vibrating to generate heat to survive. The friction from wagging bodies and buzzing wings generates enough heat to keep the bees warm enough to survive. At the center of the cluster is the queen. The bees on the outside of the cluster work their way to the center and the center bees take their turn on the outside. The fuel for the cluster is honey. The cluster will work its way around the frames containing winter stores and eat and buzz its way through the winter. The main cause of starvation in the winter is overharvesting in the fall. On days when the temperature climbs to or above 45 degrees F, the bees will fly from the hive for cleansing flights. On these days the bees are able to void themselves, something they will not do in the hive. On such days the snow around my hives is very polka dotted with bee excrement, which explains why you should never ever locate your hives near a neighbor's clothes line! Thus, winter loss can be caused by too long a stretch of cold weather when the bees are unable to take cleansing flights (perhaps more likely in Iowa then starvation). When overwintering in a building, one must accommodate the bees biological needs. Access from the building to the great outdoors must be given, the building must not get too warm on cold days (the bees will leave to take their cleansing flights only to freeze when exposed to the cold outside temperatures) and the interior of the building must also warm up on warm days, so the bees realize that they can take cleansing flights. If the building is located in the shade and remains cold on warm days, the bees will never get a chance to void. Another thing to keep in mind is how bees orient themselves with regard to their hive. The 'under three feet/over three miles' rule of thumb needs to be taken into account. All in all, this over wintering inside a building is a tricky thing and although I have never tried it personally, from what I have read about it, I don't reccommend it. My hives are located in upstate New York (growing zone 3) and I wouldn't dream of going to the bother. Wrapping the hives for winter protection is as far as I would go, and for the past five years I haven't even done that, and have had no winter losses. Feral bees have survived for years without any special care or human intervention. Finally, a word about opening a hive in winter. It is not necessary. One can determine the state of a hive simply by putting an ear to the side of a hive and listening. You will be able to hear the hum of the winter cluster. Quantity of winter stores can be judged through the weight of the hive simply by tipping the hive. If one discoveres in the middle of the winter that their bees don't have enough stores to make it through the winter, there is nothing they can do at that point to help them out anyway. If the bees make it through the winter, be ready to feed them in the early spring. There is no need or reason to be poking around a hive in the middle of the winter. Go skiing instead! ;-) ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 25 Jan 1993 14:39:30 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Richard.Alan.Haver@DARTMOUTH.EDU Subject: Re: bees on birdfeeders this is not uncommon. first the bees will fly and live to tell about it any day its 50F or warmer. what draws them to the birdfeeder, as far as i can tell, is pollen! some small amount of pollen is probably carried along with the seed in processing (plausible?). they will ignore the seeds in your feeder as soon as the 'natural' stuff makes its appearance. and at this time of year they have started brooding their spring/summer family and need the protein available in pollen. Rick Haver ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 25 Jan 1993 13:59:00 -0800 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Kerry Clark 784-2225 Subject: Re bees on birdfeeders Years ago I noticed this activity near Vancouver, B.C. At times in late winter the bee activity at a feeder was enough to noticably deter smaller bird users of the feeder. The bees were wading into the loose seed and leaving with pellets on their corbiculas. Grain dust I supposed. A remarkable thing was that the bees actually carried millet seeds from the feeder to hives 200 ft away, and stored them in cells. When I inspected the combs, the seeds (maybe a teaspoon in total) would fall out as the combs were rotated. The seeds were discarded out the entrance and later sprouted at the foot of the alighting board. K. Clark ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 25 Jan 1993 17:05:30 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Ray Lackey Subject: winter loss Mary, Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology Comments: A VAX cluster with VMS V5.5, PMDF V4.1-10, JNET V3.5 & UCX V1.3A From: SMOSS@UMASSD.BITNET Subject: Bees on bird feeders I concur with Tom Sanford's note that bees will be attracted in late winter or early spring to sawdust and other stubstances, as well as to seeds on bird feeders. I've frequently used (chainsaw" sawdust from red oaks to attra ct bees in the early spring. Literally hundreds of bees will avidly burrow through the chips, and attempt (unsuccessfully) to carry it off. If the trays of chips are replaced with trays of pollen substitute, the bees gather it fervently. The bees are surely not attracted to the sawdust chips by the presence of minute amounts of pollen, as was suggested for the case of bird feed. A reasonable guess is that odor is an orienting cue. This behavior is most predictable when fresh sawdust is used--and this is noticably aromatic to my aging nose. The number of bees, the rapidity of their aggregation, and the intensity of their behavior with respect to this sawdust, all suggest to me that the foraging bees communicate the presence of the sawdust, if not its exact location, to their peers in the hives. If this is true, why should a bee bother to communicate information about the source of a substance which she has had no success in gathering? Is it the experience of people who have worked with bee dancing studies that bees will communicate directions to odors alone--with no "payoff" in terms of sugar, pollen, water, or propolis? Sanford Moss ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 27 Jan 1993 16:00:44 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Stephen Bambara Subject: no subject (file transmission) In 1955 Steve Taber extracted the oil soluable portion from pollen and placed it on cellulose made from refined sawdust. Bees collected the sawdust "like mad" and ignored the pollen from which the extract had come. The account of his work is found in the proceedings of the 1963 Apimondia Congress in Prague entitled "Why Bees Collect Pollen." Rolf Boch has also identified some attractant compounds from bee trapped pollens. ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 28 Jan 1993 00:04:41 +0100 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Staffan Str|m Csn Subject: BEENET Dear beefriends: We would like to announce the birth of a new information service for those involved with bees and beekeeping: the BEENET. This is a network of a number of computerised bulletin board systems, which are totally or in part devoted to bees and beekeeping. There are two major differences with the BEE-L conference in BITNET: 1. no doubt there are many people around, who have no access to BITNET, as they are no (longer) part of the academic community, and still can make an interesting contribution to international discussions concerning the Varroa problem or the role of beekeeping in developing countries, just to name a few topics. These people can now use their computer with modem attached to the telehone line at home to log in to the BEENET. The aim is, that eventually there will be a BEENET member in most European countries, so that one can always reach us, using only local telephone connections, while the system operators of the member bulletin boards will take care, that messages are dispersed to the other members abroad, on a regular basis. This way the beekeepers of Europe will be able to keep up with the latest developments and achievements of the scientific world. 2. While there is a great body of honeybee-information exchanged via the BEE-L network, in BEENET there is also a possibility of exchanging 'bee-software'; already there are a few programs circulating, that vary from a computermodel for a bee-colony BEEPOP, to a database program especially designed for the beekeeper, BIDATA, to facilitatte such endeavours as selective breeding with an eye on low Varroa incidence, higher honey yields, or friendly behaviour. Also you can find in BEENET textfiles on subjects ranging from propolis usage to honey-enzymes ( general overviews). We would like to ask the readers of this message, if you can contribute any bee-software that you are developing or have at your disposal.We would also be glad to receive any articles, that have already been published; they wer probably written on a computer in the first place- so its very little work to put them on a floppy and into a sturdy enveloppe ore send a file by Internet. ------ Floppies can be forwarded to: The Bee BBS postbox 51008 1007 EA AMSTERDAM the Netherlands ------ Mail files by INTERNET to: STAFFAN@SPARCY.C.TVT.SE ------ Of course you can also log in to a BEENET-bbs, and upload your software: Holland: the B-BBS +31 20 6764105 (24 hrs a day) Danmark: APIMO-BBS +45 98 584061 (22.00-09.00 hrs) Sweden: CUCUMBER-BBS +46 21 333282 (24 hrs) Czechoslovakia: ECONNECT BBS +42 2 802908 (24 hrs) ( these numbers are for computer and modem only) If you are able to start up a bee bbs yourself, or know of an existing bbs with an interest towards bees and beekeeping, do not hesitate to join the party. Just notify our headquarters at the B-BBS( above), where you can download/request our welcome package BEENET.ZIP, containing the nodelist , the info file, and the application form. Also we would be more than happy to carry the newsletters of your local bee-organisations. This would offer our users the opportunity to literally 'look over the border' of their own beekeeping community, and exchange views with colleagues abroad. ************************************************************** Staffan Strom Address: Infanterigatan 6, S-171 59 SOLNA, SWEDEN FAX +46 8 6421047 INTERNET: STAFFAN@SPARCY.C.TVT.SE ************************************************************* ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 27 Jan 1993 19:35:25 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Brad Cox; 703 968 8229" Subject: Beekeeping in populated areas? I'm a total novice re: beekeeping, but am deeply interested because of analogies with human society. Would like to get involved in a small way as a hobby. But I presently live in a developed area (privately owned houses on 1/2 acre lots) and worry about being perceived as creating a neighborhood "nuisance". What laws govern beekeeping in populated areas? How do people react? How do the bees react? -- Brad Cox; bradcox@sitevax.gmu.edu; 703 993 1142 work 703 968 8229 home George Mason Program on Social and Organizational Learning; Fairfax VA 22030 ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 28 Jan 1993 06:10:00 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: GIVE PEAS A CHANCE Subject: Re: Beekeeping in populated areas? Laws vary town/city to town. Check first. We keep bees at our science center in the middle of a city and have no problems. Usually a posting will cover your.... 1/2 acre is small, however... Mostly I'm interested in why you think the matriarchal structure of BEES relates to humans?? Smile. Lois ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 28 Jan 1993 16:25:41 +0200 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Andreas Kasenides Subject: Starting all over! Well several years back >15 my grandad used to have a respectable colony of old style traditional "hives" (cylinders made from mud and hay) that produced an excellent "variety" of honey. While later we introduced the classic hives I left in 1981 for the US leaving behind the colony. I have been back from the US since May and I found the remnants of disaster in all the hives. Relatives have informed me that during my absence while they took care of the hives disease struck in a most unnatural way. Almost all colonies in the island have been wiped out. Only a few survived. The disease is supposedly imported. Some beekeepers were able to rebuild and now have strong colonies. Our equipment though stayed unused. I would like to start over again but I am faced with a dillema. All hives are in bad shape. Disease has eaten away all the wax materia inside (and in some occasions wood) the hives and a lot of remnants are inside. What I noticed is that some dead flies are inside cocoons (sp) which usually are attached to wood or sometimes placed in holes made for them in the wood. All kinds of remains are inside the hives. Can I salvage these equipment and not pass the disease on to the new colony? How? Any way of disinfecting?? The irony is that approx. 15 days after I arrived I discovered that one of the old style "hives" was indeed alive certainly anewcomer since no bees were seen there for years. Any help in identifying the disease or ways to salvage equipment will be ap Thanks Andreas kasenid@jupiter.cca.ucy.cy ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 28 Jan 1993 10:04:28 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Rick Hough Subject: Beekeeping in populated areas Brad - I agree with Lois - check first on local regulations, they do vary widely. 1/2 acre is small, but workable - there are a number of methods that can be utilized to minimize the impact of an apiary (bee-yard) on your neighbors: hive placement, strategic use of obsticles (hedges) to influence bee flight paths, being sure to provide water so the bees don't go visit your neighbor's pool, are a few examples. I have heard stories of a beekeeper who keeps several (two, I think) hives on her patio in an apartment complex in Cambridge, MA (definitely URBAN!), and her bees do quite well, generating significant amounts of surplus honey every year. The moral of that story is the bees seem to be able to find forage in many areas one wouldn't consider to be prime nectar territory. Also, although 1/2 acre is small, the bees don't understand property lines, so they will visit the whole neighborhood collecting nectar, pollenating everyone's flowers, gardens, etc. So, it helps (a lot) to have understanding neighbors! Contact me directly if you are interested in more details on hive placement strategies, etc. Rick Hough, a beekeeper in Hamilton, MA, USA Internet: rshough@tasc.com ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 28 Jan 1993 10:10:14 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Ray Lackey Subject: beekeeping in a populated area > Subject: Beekeeping in populated areas? You shouldn't have a problem. You can check with your town/city planning and ordenance department but don't be surprized if they have no regulations. The Long Island Beekeepers club put a good neighbor policy together many years ago when a problem arose. Most Towns on the island have accepted it as a 'guide' and did not enact any regulation. Unfortunately, some towns do have regulations banning all beekeeping (no regulations against culturing yellow jackets though). There was an article a few years back in American Bee Journal discussing this subject and I found it interesting that their 'Good Neighbor Policy' was the same as LIBK but did not reference us as the source. I'll try to remember to bring in a copy of our good neighbor policy and send it around. It really just sets down good beekeeping practices to avoid trouble with the neighbors. I've found that the best defense is a good offense. I invite the neighbors to visit the bee yard with me and learn about the bees. Once they see how docile they can be and how interesting they are, they are my most strong defenders. The kids are the most interested and they drag their parents (the condition for admittance the first time). Then the word spreads by the kid grapevine. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + Raymond J. Lackey + + Beekeeper 10 years with 25 colonies on Long Island + + INTERNET: lackeyr@drone.hazeltine.com + + Mail: 1260 Walnut Avenue, Bohemia NY 11617 + + Home Phone: 516-567-1936 FAX: 516-262-8053 + ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 28 Jan 1993 10:28:05 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Danilo Subject: Re: beekeeping in a populated area In-Reply-To: Message of Thu, 28 Jan 1993 10:10:14 EST from Since the African bee has already arrived at this part of America I think I can make a comment on this subject. In Brazil I saw people that kept small nu- clei (up to 5 combs) of africanized bees in urban areas. One trick is to always keep those nuclei in elevated areas, like terraces. In semi-urban areas (suburb s) one can keep larger hives protecting them from external disturbs by using a "cerca-viva" (the literal translation would be "live-fence", a fence made of dense bushs, usually nectar or/and pollen producing). However, I do not recomme nd to keep africanized bees in the circunstances above. Accidents happen. A group of boys with some stones in a cloudy day can cause a lot of trouble for the neighborhood. Danilo Fonseca ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 28 Jan 1993 09:26:58 PST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Bruce Bowen Subject: Remove Please remove me from this list. -Bruce ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 29 Jan 1993 16:33:00 +1000 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: CONSTABV@TOPAZ.UCQ.EDU.AU Subject: Re: Beekeeping in populated areas? HI VINCE CONSTABLE,ROCKHAMPTON,QUEENSLAND,AUSTRALIA I HAVE ABOUT 100 HIVES SCATTERED ABOUT THE COUNTRY BUT NONE IN POPULATED AREAS NOW.I USED TO HAVE SEVERAL HIVES AROUND THE POPULATED AREAS FOR QUITE A WHILE WITHOUT PROBLEMS ANT THEN A MAJOR PROBLEM OCCOURED- WHY OR WHAT CAUSED THE PROBLEM I DO NOT KNOW BUT BEES WERE FLYING EVER WHERE ATTEMPTING TO STING PEOPLE AND GENERALLY CAUSING A PROBLEM. THE HIVE WAS REMOVED THAT EVENING AND AWAY IN THE COUNTRY NO PROBLEM. OBVIOUSLY SOME THING CAUSED THE UPSET BUT FROM MY POINT OF VIEW BE AWARE OP POTENTIAL PROBLEMS GOOD LUCK VINCE B CONSTABLE ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 29 Jan 1993 08:39:30 CST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Biology Assistant Subject: Re: Beekeeping in populated areas? In-Reply-To: <9301290639.AA06917@carroll1.cc.edu>; from "CONSTABV@TOPAZ.UCQ.EDU.AU" at Jan 29, 93 4:33 pm The only time I had a similar problem in Pheonix AZ was after the Orkin man spread insecticide on the lawn to kill fleas. The bees became disoriented and a general nuisance to the mieghbors. Is there a good review of the effects of pesticides on bees, honey and honey comb? Thanks, Jim Limburg, Ph.D. > > HI VINCE CONSTABLE,ROCKHAMPTON,QUEENSLAND,AUSTRALIA > I HAVE ABOUT 100 HIVES SCATTERED ABOUT THE COUNTRY > BUT NONE IN POPULATED AREAS NOW.I USED TO HAVE SEVERAL > HIVES AROUND THE POPULATED AREAS FOR QUITE A WHILE > WITHOUT PROBLEMS ANT THEN A MAJOR PROBLEM OCCOURED- > WHY OR WHAT CAUSED THE PROBLEM I DO NOT KNOW BUT > BEES WERE FLYING EVER WHERE ATTEMPTING TO STING > PEOPLE AND GENERALLY CAUSING A PROBLEM. > THE HIVE WAS REMOVED THAT EVENING AND AWAY IN > THE COUNTRY NO PROBLEM. OBVIOUSLY SOME THING > CAUSED THE UPSET BUT FROM MY POINT OF VIEW BE > AWARE OP POTENTIAL PROBLEMS > GOOD LUCK VINCE B CONSTABLE > ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 29 Jan 1993 08:15:20 PST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Adrian Wenner Subject: Re: Beekeeping in populated areas? In-Reply-To: <9301291442.AA23482@ucsbuxb.ucsb.edu>; from "Biology Assistant" at i reply to Jim Limburg about references about pesticides. The Following may be helpful: 1987. FATE OF PESTICIDES IN THE ENFIRONMENT. Univ. of Calif. Agric. Exp. Station Publication 3320. (James Bigger and James Seiber as editors and technical coordinators. 1988. THE SAFE AND EFFECTIVE USE OF PESTICIDES. Univ. of Calif. Statewide Integrated Pst Management Project. Div. of Agric. and Natural Resources Publication #3324. On the other side of the coin, you might be interested in a book that Hilary Dole-Klein and I wrote on how to control pests in house and garden without the use of noxious poisons: 1991. TINY GAME HUNTING: ENVIRONMENTALLY HEALTHY WAYS TO TRAP AND KILL THE PESTS IN YOUR HOUSE AND GARDEN. Bantam Books. Perhaps the greatest problem with trying to keep bees in populated areas is that householders apply toxic products at a level several times greater than that used on commercial crops (and we all know how badly bees can be affected by commercial spraying of crops). It is, of course, desirable to educate the citizenry about the fact that they do not need to use the great amount of pesticides that they currently use. I hope the above is of some use. Sincerely, Adrian M. Wenner Prof. of Natural History, Emeritus > The only time I had a similar problem in Pheonix AZ was after the > Orkin man spread insecticide on the lawn to kill fleas. The bees became > disoriented and a general nuisance to the mieghbors. Is there a good review > of the effects of pesticides on bees, honey and honey comb? > > Thanks, > Jim Limburg, Ph.D. > > > > > HI VINCE CONSTABLE,ROCKHAMPTON,QUEENSLAND,AUSTRALIA > > I HAVE ABOUT 100 HIVES SCATTERED ABOUT THE COUNTRY > > BUT NONE IN POPULATED AREAS NOW.I USED TO HAVE SEVERAL > > HIVES AROUND THE POPULATED AREAS FOR QUITE A WHILE > > WITHOUT PROBLEMS ANT THEN A MAJOR PROBLEM OCCOURED- > > WHY OR WHAT CAUSED THE PROBLEM I DO NOT KNOW BUT > > BEES WERE FLYING EVER WHERE ATTEMPTING TO STING > > PEOPLE AND GENERALLY CAUSING A PROBLEM. > > THE HIVE WAS REMOVED THAT EVENING AND AWAY IN > > THE COUNTRY NO PROBLEM. OBVIOUSLY SOME THING > > CAUSED THE UPSET BUT FROM MY POINT OF VIEW BE > > AWARE OP POTENTIAL PROBLEMS > > GOOD LUCK VINCE B CONSTABLE > > > ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 29 Jan 1993 11:11:17 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Kenna MacKenzie Subject: Re: Beekeeping in populated areas? In-Reply-To: Message of Fri, 29 Jan 1993 08:39:30 CST from A good reference about honey bees and pesticides is "Pollinator Protection" by C.A. Johansen & D.F. Mayer. It is available from Wicwac Press, P.O. Box 817 Cheshire, CT 06410-0817 (publishers). I believe it is about $20. Both Mayer and Johansen have published numerous articles about pesticides and bees as well. You could also try "Johansen, 1979, Pesticides and pollinators", Ann. Rev. Entomol. 22: 177-192. or "Wilson, W.T., P.E. Sonnet and A. Stoner, 1980, Pesticides and honey bee mortality, IN: Beekeeping in the United States, USDA Agr. Handbook 335, pp. 129-140". ____________________ Kenna MacKenzie Dept. of Entomology, Comstock Hall Cornell University E-mail: SU3X@cornella.cit.cornell.edu ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 29 Jan 1993 10:51:30 -0600 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "La Reine de la Cite' des Phoques (Liz Day)" Subject: pesticides Many towns also spray the whole town at times for mosquitos, and I think somtimes they also spray trees for scale. I used to have the companies warn me when they would spray so I could put the fish I was raising indoors. It might be something to look out for. Liz Day University of Illinois at Chicago day@earth.eecs.uic.edu ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 30 Jan 1993 15:24:59 CST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: JB5369@ETSUACAD.BITNET Subject: GENETICS FACULTY POSITION EAST TEXAS STATE UNIVERSITY - VACANCY ANNOUNCEMENT 1. POSITION TITLE: ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2. POSITION DESCRIPTION: FULL-TIME TENURE TRACK POSITION IN THE DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES. THIS POSITION REQUIRES TEACHING A SOPHOMORE LEVEL GENETICS COURSE FOR MAJORS, ONE UPPER LEVEL COURSE (JUNIORS/SENIORS), AND ONE OR MORE GRADUATE LEVEL COURSES IN AREA OF SPECIALIZATION. THE SUCCESSFUL APPLICANT WILL ALSO BE EXPECTED TO ASSUME SOME OF THE TEACHING RESPONSIBILITIES FOR OUR FRESHMAN LEVEL COURSES. ALTHOUGH THE SUCCESSFUL APPLICANT MUST BE AN EFFECTIVE TEACHER, IT IS ALSO EXPECTED THAT A MODEST RESEARCH PROGRAM WILL BE DEVELOPED THAT WILL INVOLVE UNDERGRADUATE AND/OR GRADUATE STUDENTS. 3. QUALIFICATIONS AND EXPERIENCE: REQUIRES A Ph.D. WITH A SPECIALIZATION IN GENETICS AND THE SUCCESSFUL CANDIDATE MUST SHOW EVIDENCE OR PROMISE OF SCHOLARLY GROWTH AND A COMMITMENT TO TEACHING EXCELLENCE. THE POSITION INVOLVES TEACHING A 12-CREDIT HOUR COURSE LOAD PER SEMESTER. 4. SALARY RANGE: $32,000 - $34,300. 5. STARTING DATE: FALL, 1993 6. APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS & PERSON TO CONTACT: RESUME, OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPTS, THREE LETTERS OF RECOMMENDATION, STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PLANS, AND TEACHING PHIL OSOPHY. THESE MATERIALS ARE TO BE SENT TO: CHAIR OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SEARCH COMMITTEE, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT, EAST TEXAS STATE UNIVERSITY, COMMERCE, TEXAS 75429-3011. CONSIDERATION OF APPLICATIONS WILL BEGIN MARCH 10, 1993. 7. LOCATION AND ENVIRONMENT: EAST TEXAS STATE UNIVERSITY, A SENIOR PUBLIC INSTITUTION, WITH AN ENROLLMENT OF APPROXIMATELY 8,000 STUDENTS IS LOCATED IN COMMERCE, TEXAS WHICH IS 65 MILES NORTHEAST OF DALLAS, TEXAS THE POSITION IS CONTINGENT ON FUNDING THIS UNIVERSITY IS AN AFFIRMATIVE ACTION/EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER. QUALIFIED WOMEN, MINORITIES, AND DISABLED PERSONS ARE ENCOURAGED TO APPLY.