From LISTSERV@UACSC2.ALBANY.EDU Mon Oct 3 16:14:00 1994 Date: Mon, 3 Oct 1994 18:10:47 -0400 From: BITNET list server at ALBNYVM1 To: Allen Dick Subject: File: "BEE-L LOG9401" ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 3 Jan 1994 09:50:12 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology Comments: Warning -- original Sender: tag was bmartin@CC.FUNDP.AC.BE From: BMARTIN@QUICK.BITNET Subject: American book Hello ! I'm a belgian beekeeper who speak french. My English is poor. Excuse me. I read in the French apirian magazine "Sant de l'abeille" an article about American Foulbrood (Bacillus larvae). in this article from year 1971, the author quoted a american book written by GOUT. I don't find the reference of this book. Could you help me ? Your faithfully. MARTIN Benoit. P.S. I don't now the book title and the edition date. ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 3 Jan 1994 09:26:53 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Malcolm (Tom) Sanford, Florida Extension Apiculturist" Subject: Re: American bee book I can't figure out this reference...if you just want information on American foulbrood, I suggest contacting Hugo.veerkamp@f28.n2801.z2.fidonet.org The best source of disease and pest information is in a booklet published by hte Canadian Assn of Prof. Apiculturists...send me a check for $3.50 U.S. Currency made out to AAPA and I will send you one...Tom Sanford ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Tom Sanford Extension Apiculturist University of Florida Mailing Address: Bldg 970, Hull Rd., Gainesville, FL 32611-0620 Voice phone 904/392-1801, Ext. 143 FAX 904/392-0190 INTERNET: MTS@GNV.IFAS.UFL.EDU BITNET: MTS@IFASGNV +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 3 Jan 1994 15:35:25 GMT-1 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Knut Pedersen Organization: UiB Inst. for Mikrobio. & plantefys Subject: Re: American book Maybee it is a missprint for Root: (ABC and XYZ og Bee Culture Knut Pedersen Bergen Norway ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 3 Jan 1994 09:38:18 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Stephen Bambara Subject: Re: American bee book In-Reply-To: <9401031424.AA10052@wolf.ces.ncsu.edu> from "Malcolm" at Jan 3, 94 09:26:53 am > > I can't figure out this reference...if you just want information on > American foulbrood, I suggest contacting Hugo.veerkamp@f28.n2801.z2.fidonet.org > > The best source of disease and pest information is in a booklet published > by hte Canadian Assn of Prof. Apiculturists...send me a check for > $3.50 U.S. Currency made out to AAPA and I will send you one...Tom Sanford > > ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ > Tom Sanford Extension Apiculturist University of Florida > Mailing Address: Bldg 970, Hull Rd., Gainesville, FL 32611-0620 > Voice phone 904/392-1801, Ext. 143 > FAX 904/392-0190 > INTERNET: MTS@GNV.IFAS.UFL.EDU > BITNET: MTS@IFASGNV > +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ > Tom et al., The Grout reference is merely the " Hive and the Honey Bee". Grout was the editor of the book somewhere during the 50's - 70's (more or less). The new "Hive & Honey Bee" or your suggestion would be a superior idea. -- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= | Stephen Bambara NCSU-Entomology, Box 7626, Raleigh NC 27695-7626 | |=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=| | Voice: (919) 515-3140 | INTERNET: sbambara@ent.ncsu.edu | | FAX: (919) 515-7273 | 2% of the population feeds the other 98% =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 3 Jan 1994 12:00:00 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: JOHN HARBO Subject: Re: American book Dear Mr. Benoit, I think that the book you refer to is "The hive and the Honey Bee," 1963 edition which was edited by Roy Grout. There is a chapter in this book that was written by Tom Gochnauer (chapter 19) entitled Diseases and Enemies of the honey bee. The book has been throught two major revisions since 1963 and although the title of the book remains the same, the content is different with different authors and editors. The book is published by Dadant and Sons, Inc. (American Bee Journal) in Hamilton, Illinois, USA. If you think that this is the reference that you want, I will be happy to copy the few pages on American foulbrood and mail them to you. Best regards, John Harbo ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 3 Jan 1994 15:05:20 BD2 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Priscila Darakjian Subject: Unsubscribe? Please, Can anyone explain me how to unsubscribe this list? Thank you in advance. Priscila. ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 3 Jan 1994 18:42:18 +0100 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Staffan Str|m CRsn Subject: Re: Unsubscribe? Send a mail to: LISTSERV@UACSC2.ALBANY.EDU SIGNOFF BEE-L Thats all! I enclode some useful commands for LISTSERV: Info Get detailed information files List Get a description of all lists SUBscribe listname Subscribe to a list SIGNOFF listname Sign off from a list SIGNOFF * (NETWIDE - from all lists on all servers REView listname Review a list STats listname Review list statistics Query listname Query personal distribution options SET listname options Set personal distribution options INDex Obtain a list of LISTSERV files GET filename filetype Obtain a file from LISTSERV REGister full_name|OFF Tell LISTSERV about your name There are more commands (AFD, FUI, PW, etc). Send an INFO REFCARD for a complete reference card, or INFO ? for a list of available documentation files. Best regards Staffan Strom ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 4 Jan 1994 10:11:10 +1100 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Robert Rice Subject: Re: Cubital-indexes -Reply In-Reply-To: <9312270849.AA17261@spider.ento.csiro.au> from "Wilhelm Bos, Microbiologie" at Dec 27, 93 09:23:00 am > > dear Beelisters: > > who can provide us with a list of cubital-indexes for several honeybee -races? > we are planning to use this for a computer program for calculating indexes > from measurements. If we have a list of known indexes, the program can also > tell the user which rac his measured bees belong to.. > > please leave answer here or send to adress below : > > Hugo Veerkamp > #################################################################### > | BEENET INTERNATIONAL | > | E-mail : | mail : the Bee bbs | > | Hugo.Veerkamp@f28.n2801.z2.fidonet.org| P.O. BOX 51008 | > | ( or press reply button) | 1007EA AMSTERDAM | > | please send newsletters to: | The Netherlands | > | BEE@HOTLINE.WLINK.NL | | > | | | > | Beenet : 240:31/0 | modem: +31 20 6764105 | > | Fidonet: 2:2801/28 | voice: +31 20 6715663 | > #################################################################### > -- > uucp: uunet!m2xenix!puddle!2!2801!28!Hugo.Veerkamp > Internet: Hugo.Veerkamp@f28.n2801.z2.fidonet.org > Hi Hugo, I have a reference to a book that might be of value to you with regards to your project. From what I understand it's the most comprehensive book on honeybee taxonomy. "Biogeography and Taxonomy of Honeybees." Author :- Friedrich Ruttner. Publisher :- Springer - Verlag ISBN :- 3-540-17781-7 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Published :- Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1988, Germany. I hope this reference is of value. Bye, Robert Rice CSIRO Division of Entomology Black Mountain, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. E-mail: robertr@ento.csiro.au ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 4 Jan 1994 11:17:44 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology Comments: Warning -- original Sender: tag was bmartin@CC.FUNDP.AC.BE From: BMARTIN@QUICK.BITNET Subject: Re: American book Dear Mr. HARBO I received your mail about the American fouldbrood. I will be happy to copy the few pages on American Fouldbrood from "The hive and the Honey Bee" 1963 edition . Thanks you very well. Benoit MARTIN Different mails which have answered at my reference question, speak about the bo ok edition which was edited by GROUT. But the name GOUT will seem to be the boo k author. This book contains 188 refences. Thanks Benoit Martin ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 4 Jan 1994 10:47:34 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Peter Kevan Subject: Re: American book The Hive and The Honey Bee has gone to another edition, much larger, and came out last year. It can be obtained from most bee supply houses and ordered directly from the Root Company. ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 4 Jan 1994 11:12:00 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: JOHN HARBO Subject: Re: American book Dear Mr. Martin, Chapter 19 in the 1963 edition of the Hive and the Honey Bee has 188 references (numbered), so I think that Gout must be a misprint for Grout. Sincerely, John Harbo Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 5 Jan 1994 09:18:16 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology Comments: Warning -- original Sender: tag was bmartin@CC.FUNDP.AC.BE From: BMARTIN@QUICK.BITNET Subject: Re: American book Dear Mr. Harbo, I agree with you, Gout must be a misprint for Grout. It's possible but I haven't the confirmation. I had presented the only information in my possession. Thanks for the informations. Sincerely, MARTIN Benoit Namur, Belgium e-mail : Bmartin@cc.FUNDP.AC.BE ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 5 Jan 1994 10:41:23 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: David Schmitt Subject: Introduction In-Reply-To: <01H7B4FMD9U8001LUJ@uvmvax.uvm.edu> Hello everyone- I'm new to the list and thought it proper to introduce myself- My name is David Schmitt and I am a research technician at the University of Vermont. My work involves pest management research and grower education for Vermont's Apple industry. As you may have guessed my interest in this list pertains to anything I can learn about honeybees and their role as pollinators for tree fruits. I have a request that I hope someone may be able to help me with- Back in december I received a copy of the Florida Extension Beekeeping Newsletter (Vol 11, #12 dec 93) on the sustainable ag network. It listed a reference to a discussion list for those interested in bumble bees. It gave the address as BOMBUS@CSI.UOTTOWA.CA. I tried to subscribe to the list but had no success with this address. Does Anyone know about the list and how I can access it ? Is this the correct address? Please respond off line if you can help. Many thanks in advance! ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 5 Jan 1994 14:00:04 PST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Dick Rawson Subject: Re: Introduction > list for those interested in bumble bees. It gave the address as > BOMBUS@CSI.UOTTOWA.CA. I tried to subscribe to the list but had no > success with this address. BOMBUS@CSI.UOTTOWA.CA ? Did you simply misspell it? bombus@csi.uottawa.ca is the correct spelling, and csi.uottawa.ca is a valid host name. That doesn't mean that subscriptions will succeed, but getting your mail delivered is a start.... Dick ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 5 Jan 1994 17:13:34 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: David Schmitt Subject: Re: Introduction In-Reply-To: <01H7BX3STPMC001P7W@uvmvax.uvm.edu> On Wed, 5 Jan 1994, Dick Rawson wrote: > > list for those interested in bumble bees. It gave the address as > > BOMBUS@CSI.UOTTOWA.CA. I tried to subscribe to the list but had no > > success with this address. > > BOMBUS@CSI.UOTTOWA.CA > ? > Did you simply misspell it? bombus@csi.uottawa.ca is the correct > spelling, and csi.uottawa.ca is a valid host name. That doesn't mean > that subscriptions will succeed, but getting your mail delivered is a > start.... > > Dick Yes I did... A common error but still not excusable... Thanks for all the help- I talked with Dr. Plowright this afternoon and am now a member of the Bombus list as probably many of you are - I look forward to learning much about the bee world thanks again - dschmitt ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 7 Jan 1994 10:41:14 PST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Adrian Wenner Subject: Common name for Apis cerana? 7 Jan. 1994 There seems to be some confusion regarding the common name of Apis cerana. I have now found it refered to as "Asian," "Chinese," and "Indian." Is there some convention that should be followed? While here, a Happy New Year to all! Adrian M. Wenner Adrian M. Wenner Prof. of Natural History, Emeritus Dept. of Biol. Sciences wenner@lifesci.ucsb.edu Univ. of Calif., Santa Barbara Phone: (805) 893-2838 Santa Barbara, CA 93106 FAX: (805) 893-8062 *************************************************************** * Adrian Wenner E-Mail wenner@lifesci.lscf.ucsb.edu * * Department of Biology Office Phone (805) 893-2838 * * University of California Lab Phone (805) 893-2838 * * Santa Barbara, CA 93106 FAX (805) 893-4724 * *************************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 7 Jan 1994 13:59:15 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Stephen Bambara Subject: Re: Common name for Apis cerana? In-Reply-To: <9401071837.AA04697@wolf.ces.ncsu.edu> from "Adrian Wenner" at Jan 7, 94 10:41:14 am > > 7 Jan. 1994 > > There seems to be some confusion regarding the common name of Apis > cerana. I have now found it refered to as "Asian," "Chinese," and > "Indian." Is there some convention that should be followed? > > While here, a Happy New Year to all! > Adrian, I can't help too much. The latest copy I have (1989) of the Ent Soc Am official list of insect names did not even have A. cerana. Apis cerana used to be called A. indica (hence the name Indian) until 1970 (???). In fact, not too very long ago it was still grouped with A. mellifera. Perhaps one of the taxonomists can give you an official answer. -- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= | Stephen Bambara NCSU-Entomology, Box 7626, Raleigh NC 27695-7626 | |=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=| | Voice: (919) 515-3140 | INTERNET: sbambara@ent.ncsu.edu | | FAX: (919) 515-7273 | =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 7 Jan 1994 17:26:04 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Peter Kevan Subject: Re: Common name for Apis cerana? My preference is the Asiatic Hive Bee. It isn't Chinese nor is it Indian. It is Asiatic, and lives in cavities or hives. There is another Hive Bee in Asia, but with a more restricted range, it has been referred to the Red Bee of Sabah. It seems to be restricted to SE Asia On Fri, 7 Jan 1994, Adrian Wenner wrote: > 7 Jan. 1994 > > There seems to be some confusion regarding the common name of Apis > cerana. I have now found it refered to as "Asian," "Chinese," and > "Indian." Is there some convention that should be followed? > > While here, a Happy New Year to all! > > Adrian M. Wenner > > > > Adrian M. Wenner Prof. of Natural History, Emeritus > Dept. of Biol. Sciences wenner@lifesci.ucsb.edu > Univ. of Calif., Santa Barbara Phone: (805) 893-2838 > Santa Barbara, CA 93106 FAX: (805) 893-8062 > > > > *************************************************************** > * Adrian Wenner E-Mail wenner@lifesci.lscf.ucsb.edu * > * Department of Biology Office Phone (805) 893-2838 * > * University of California Lab Phone (805) 893-2838 * > * Santa Barbara, CA 93106 FAX (805) 893-4724 * > *************************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 8 Jan 1994 12:18:12 PST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology Comments: MEMO 01.08.94 12.18 From: Postmaster Subject: DISTRIBUTION STATUS SOFT-SWITCH SMTP.BEEL DISTRIBUTION STATUS INFORMATION 01/08/94 12:18:00 ======================================================================= DISTRIBUTION ID: SMTP.BEEL.8551 SUBJECT : BEE-L Digest - 5 Jan 1994 to 7 Jan 1994 DATE SENT : 01/08/94 TIME SENT: 08:09:00 ======================================================================= YOUR MAIL WAS NOT DELIVERED FOR THE FOLLOWING REASON: SNADS STATUS : 0501 EXPLANATION : CANCELED ======================================================================= RECIPIENT : CHARLOTT.KBARRY LAST NAME : BARRY FIRST NAME : KEN MIDDLE INITIAL : NATIVE NAME : COUNTRY : US ADMD : MCI PRMD : EPRIX400 ORGANIZATION : EPRI ORG UNIT 1 : ORG UNIT 2 : ORG UNIT 3 : ORG UNIT 4 : DDA : ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 10 Jan 1994 17:21:39 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Peter Kevan Subject: The Hive and the Honey Bee I apologize for my posting about the new edition of this classic book. It is published by Dadant, Hamilton, Illinois. The new and expanded version carries the date 1992. The earliest edition on my bookshelf is 1889 and that is Revised and Enlarged. The Root Company publishes the also classic ABC and XYZ of Bee Culture (First edition 1877). I had mixed up the two publishers and want to set the record straight. Cheers, Peter Kevan (PKEVAN@UOGUELPH.CA) ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 11 Jan 1994 13:22:39 WET Reply-To: MunnPA@cardiff.ac.uk Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Dr Pamela Munn Subject: Re: Common name for Apis cerana? In-Reply-To: ; from "Adrian Wenner" at Jan 7, 94 10:41 am At IBRA we have standardized on the 'Asian honey bee' for A. cerana. Pam Munn B B > > > 7 Jan. 1994 > > There seems to be some confusion regarding the common name of Apis > cerana. I have now found it refered to as "Asian," "Chinese," and > "Indian." Is there some convention that should be followed? > > While here, a Happy New Year to all! > > Adrian M. Wenner > > > > Adrian M. Wenner Prof. of Natural History, Emeritus > Dept. of Biol. Sciences wenner@lifesci.ucsb.edu > Univ. of Calif., Santa Barbara Phone: (805) 893-2838 > Santa Barbara, CA 93106 FAX: (805) 893-8062 > > > > *************************************************************** > * Adrian Wenner E-Mail wenner@lifesci.lscf.ucsb.edu * > * Department of Biology Office Phone (805) 893-2838 * > * University of California Lab Phone (805) 893-2838 * > * Santa Barbara, CA 93106 FAX (805) 893-4724 * > *************************************************************** > Pam Munn _____________________________________________________________________________ | E-mail : MunnPA@Cardiff.AC.UK | Mail: IBRA, | | Phone : +44 222 372409 | 18, North Road, | | Fax : +44 222 665522 | Cardiff, | |---------------------------------------| South Glamorgan | | Please state if the message is for | CF1 3DY | | someone else within IBRA | United Kingdom | |_______________________________________|___________________________________| ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 13 Jan 1994 22:14:31 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Peter Warren Subject: LIST INFO CAN SOMEBODY PLEASE SEND ME INFO ON THIS LIST? THANKS. ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 14 Jan 1994 20:07:02 -0300 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Walace Sartori Bonfim Subject: ICSI94 Dear reader, Due to the wide spectrum of people that might be interested in the subjects to be discussed during the III International Conference on Systems Integration, we decided to post this call for papers in your mailing list. We encourage you to participate in this event as a paper author. The paper arrival deadline is March 3, 1994. Please forward this message to whoever you think it might be of interest and we appreciate your effort to post it. Thanks, Prof. Fuad Gattaz Sobrinho Conference Chairman ----------------------------------------------------------------- Call for Papers The Third International Conference for Systems Integration Sao Paulo City - Brazil July 30th - August 6th, 1994 ----------------------------------------------------------------- The Integration of Society for the Social, Economical, Scientific and Technological Development. This conference focuses on the integration of technologies, processes and systems, and the development of mechanisms and tools enabling solutions to complex multi-disciplinary problems dealing with agriculture, housing, telecommunications, financing and business, public services, education and software. The conference will provide an international and interdisciplinary forum in which researchers, educators, managers, practitioners and politicians, involved within the production process, can share novel research and development, education, production, trading, management and political experiences. Papers should deal with recent effort in theory, design, implementation, methodology, technics, tools and experiences of integration. Topics to be addressed include, but are not limited to: Technical and Scientific Aspects: - Integration, Modeling, Characterization and Automation of Process and Systems - Reengineering and Simplification of Processes - Computational Environments and Software Factories for Engineerind, Design, Manufacturing and System Development - Rol of Human Engineering in Integration - Experiences within National or Continental Software Projects - The Implication of Systems Integration for Manpower Skills - Quality Control and Certification in Organizational and Process Integration. Social, Political and Economical Aspects: - Experiences in Modeling, Development, Evolution and Integration of Enterprises - Experiences in Management and Identification of Value-Add Chains within Agriculture, Housing, Telecommunications, Financing and Business, Public Services, Education and Software - Public Policies and City Management - Management of Multi-dimensional Integration. Infrastructure Aspects: - Qualified Information Resources - Education and Training - Science and Technology - Enterprise Development. Information and Instructions for Authors: All papers must be in English or Portuguese, typed in double spaced format, and may not exceed 6,000 words. Each submission should provide a cover page containing author(s), affiliation(s), complete address(es), identification of principal author, and telephone number. Also include SIX copies of complete text with a title and abstract. Notice of acceptance will be mailed to the principal author(s) by March 15, 1994. If accepted, the author(s) will prepare the final manuscript, in English, in time for inclusion in the conference proceedings and will present the paper at the conference; otherwise, the author(s) will incur a page charge. Authors of accepted papers must sign a copyright release form. The proceedings will be published by the IEEE Computer Society Press. Send SIX copies of your paper(s) to: Prof. Peter A. Ng IIISis - USA Office - New Jersey Institute of Technology University Heights Newark, NJ 07102 USA For Further Information, Contact: Prof. Peter A. Ng Prof. Fuad Gattaz Sobrinho Fone:(1) (201) 596-3387 OR Phone:(55)(192) 41-4504 Fax: (1)(201) 596-5777 Fax: (55)(192) 41-3098 Email: ng_p@vienna.njit.edu Email: iiisis@ccvax.unicamp.br ------------------------------------------------------------------- >>>>>>>>>> Paper Arrival Deadline: March 3rd, 1994 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< ------------------------------------------------------------------- CONFERENCE COMMITTEE Conference Chair Fuad Gattaz Sobrinho IIISis Program Chair Peter A. Ng NJIT Finance & Business Co-Chair Alcir A. Calliari Banco do Brasil Agriculture Co-Chair Ney B. Araujo ABAG European Co-Chair Herbert Weber University of Dortmund Pac!fic Co-Chair Fumihiko Kamijo IPA Middle East Co-Chair Asuman Dogac METU South America Co-Chair Julio C. S. P. Leite PUC/RJ North America Co-Chair Bruce Berra Syracuse University Tutorials Co-Chairs Oscar Ivan Palma Pacheco EMBRAPA Murat M. Tanik SMU Organization Co-Chairs Rita de Cassia A. Marchiore IIISis Carole Poth NJIT Steering Committee Chair Peter A. Ng NJIT Honorary Advisors Raymond T. Yeh C. V. Ramamoorthy Laurence C. Seifert Honorary Conference Chair Irma Rossetto Passoni Sc&Tech, Info. and Comm. Comission of Brazilian Congress. Sponsored by IIISis - International Institute for Systems Integration, BB - Banco do Brasil, TELEBRAS, FINEP, CNPq, FBB, with colaboration of NJIT, SUCESU, EMBRAPA, ABAG, ACM e IEEE Computer Society. Instituto Internacional de Integracao de Sistemas - IIISis - Brazil. ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 15 Jan 1994 11:37:39 LCL Reply-To: Charles Howe Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Charles Howe Subject: Bees for apitherapy in winter. I'm looking for some ideas. I am the editor of the newsletter for the Connecticut Beekeepers Assn. Due to the recent media coverage of Apitherapy last August we have a number of new, interested beekeepers raising bees for this purpose. Those who are using the bees for their own treatment prefer local bees. Assuming that more active, stronger bees yield more benifit. Now to the problem: how to get bees from a colony in mid-winter without damaging the colony. The first thing which comes to mind is putting a colony or two in the cellar of a home if it can be maintained at 10 to 12 deg. C. or so. However, spouses may not appreciate bees in the dining room so some kind of enclosure should be provided. Also, can the queen be tricked by lights on a timer into laying eggs before the winter solstice? This would augment the number of bees which can be drawn from a colony, if the bees would also take food suppliments. I apologize if this subject has been recently discussed, I've only been a subscriber for a month or so. If there is an archived discussion somewhere, could someone point me to it? Thank you for any ideas contributed. __________________________________________________ [ Chuck Howe - Editor CT. Honey Bee ] [ INTERNET - CHOWE@CTHONEYBEE.WIN.NET ] [ COMPUSERVE - 72726.1437@COMPUSERVE.COM ] [________________________________________________] ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 17 Jan 1994 13:18:55 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Dave D. Cawley, a De Leon Socialist" Subject: Ever Try These Kinds? I recently got the 1976 edition of AMERICAN HONEY PLANTS and while looking thru it I found some interesting honey plants... Ever try tobacco or creosote honey. And do opium poppies have nectar? It talked about the bees foraging for pollen and exhibiting an intoxocated state, but nothing about honey. Just wondering...8-} ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Dave D. Cawley | My attitude toward everyone's sexual University Of Scranton | persuasion is this: without deviation ddc1@jaguar.uofs.edu | from the norm, progress is not possible. ddc1@SCRANTON | -Frank Zappa ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 20 Jan 1994 08:53:01 +0200 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: eisikovitz Subject: Re: Ever Try These Kinds? In-Reply-To: <9401171824.AA03391@ccsg.tau.ac.il> Dear Dave, I know well the opium poppies, they supply pollen grains only, they do not have nectar as all the other Papaver species. Sincerely yours Dan Eisikowitch P.S. Why do you think that your sex problems is anyone business, I think shat any subject even so importene is just your own please keep the screenjust for bees and honey. On Mon, 17 Jan 1994, Dave D. Cawley, a De Leon Socialist wrote: > I recently got the 1976 edition of AMERICAN HONEY PLANTS and while > looking thru it I found some interesting honey plants... > Ever try tobacco or creosote honey. And do opium poppies have nectar? > It talked about the bees foraging for pollen and exhibiting an intoxocated > state, but nothing about honey. Just wondering...8-} > > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ > Dave D. Cawley | My attitude toward everyone's sexual > University Of Scranton | persuasion is this: without deviation > ddc1@jaguar.uofs.edu | from the norm, progress is not possible. > ddc1@SCRANTON | -Frank Zappa > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ > ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 20 Jan 1994 11:45:49 IST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Tali Haran Subject: Re: Ever Try These Kinds? In-Reply-To: Message of Thu, 20 Jan 94 09:29:49 IST from Hi there, There must be a mistake here. I do not know you, or Steve, or interested in bees or have a husband...... How are you and why did you contact me? Tali ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 20 Jan 1994 12:41:06 IST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Tali Haran Subject: Re: Ever Try These Kinds? In-Reply-To: Message of Thu, 20 Jan 94 09:29:49 IST from Hi Aviggor, I just read a message From Steve Goldberg so at least I know how you are and which Steve you refer to. Still what has that to do with Bees and my noexisting husband? Tali ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 20 Jan 1994 16:17:02 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Dave D. Cawley, a De Leon Socialist" Subject: Bee Lists and My .Sig > From: Rick Hough > Reply to: RE>Re: Ever Try These Kinds? > Dan - I like Dave's .sig!! I think that it applies to many aspects of life, > not just sexual persuasion. If *EVERYTHING* were average, this would > be an incredibly boring world!!! I do not think that Dave was talking > about "his sex problems", or anyone else's sex problems when he chose > to quote Frank Zappa - he was just making an observation about life > in general. Thanks for the support, Rick! I think Dan didn't really know/understand Frank and his somewhat distorted wit and power of observation. He made us think about things in different ways. As for my .sig file, I don't need any disclaimers since I'm at an .edu so I use quotes that I find interesting or entertaining. And even if I did work at a .com, I doubt any firm would agree with some of my .sig quotes as evidenced below...8-} And now back to your regularly scheduled bee conversation...How does one tell that their bees are starving in the winter? I'm sure you'd confirm it by opening the hive, but what are the first indications? ******************************************************************************** Dave D. Cawley | Only the economic organization is capable of setting University of Scranton | on foot a true political party of labor, and thus ddc1@jaguar.uofs.edu | raise a bulwork against the power of capital. ddc1@SCRANTON | -Karl Marx ******************************************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 20 Jan 1994 16:38:20 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Adam Finkelstein Subject: Starving Bees In-Reply-To: from "Dave D. Cawley, a De Leon Socialist" at Jan 20, 94 04:17:02 pm ...Stuff deleted... > And now back to your regularly scheduled bee conversation...How > does one tell that their bees are starving in the winter? I'm sure you'd > confirm it by opening the hive, but what are the first indications? > > ******************************************************************************** > Dave D. Cawley | Only the economic organization is capable of setting > University of Scranton | on foot a true political party of labor, and thus > ddc1@jaguar.uofs.edu | raise a bulwork against the power of capital. > ddc1@SCRANTON | -Karl Marx > ******************************************************************************** > I find the easiest way to tell if a hive is starving is how it feels when you pick it up from behind grasping the bottom and "hefting" it forward. You get to know whats light and starving vs. heavy and OK. But hives with enough honey in them do not starve. Make sure to leave enough for your area. Here in VA 60 lbs does the trick. Remedy starving bees? I wouldn't bother, and make a split in spring to cover the loss, but if you only have a few hives, sugar syrup, or uncapped honey _close to the bees_ will get them through, although once you start feeding you have to keep feeding until new bees emerge... to bolster the population. Combining weak colonies is effective too...each to their own...as in all bee culture! Adam adamf@hopper,itc.virginia.edu VADACS Apiary Inspector ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 20 Jan 1994 12:20:20 -0800 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Libby Goldstein Subject: Some Question s Hi, I'm working on a gardening magazine piece on beekeeping in the city. (The editor saw the hives in our community garden and asked me to do the piece.) I've a couple of questions that perhaps you'd answer for me. Our beekeeper told me that "When the queen loses her fecundity, the workers build queen cells and feed them on royal jelly, and the queen takes workers and drones out of the hive with her to swarm and go somewhere else." What happens to this proto-hive if the queen has lost her fecundity? What happens to the queen...the other bees? How many queens actually hatch from the queen cells in the original hive? How does one become THE queen? Where does the royal jelly come from? What's in it that "allows the queen to live 5 yrs while other bees only live 42 days"? Are there other sources of beekeeping info in cyberspace besides Penn State's PenPages? Thank you so much. I just help take honey around here and feel a little ignorant when it comes to writing about apiculture. Libby J. Goldstein ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 20 Jan 1994 17:25:44 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Peter Kevan Subject: Trying again ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Thu, 20 Jan 1994 17:21:50 -0400 (EDT) From: Mail Delivery Subsystem To: pkevan@uoguelph.ca Subject: Returned mail: Host unknown ----- Transcript of session follows ----- 550 bee-l@albnyvm1... Host unknown ----- Unsent message follows ----- Received: by herman.cs.uoguelph.ca (1.37.109.8/16.2) id AA13963; Thu, 20 Jan 1994 17:23:36 -0500 Return-Path: Date: Thu, 20 Jan 1994 17:21:50 -0400 (EDT) From: Peter Kevan Subject: Crop loads of honeybees To: bee-l@albnyvm1 Message-Id: Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII How much nectar is in a crop-load? I seem to remember reading that its about 1 milliliter, can that be? Cheers, Peter Kevan (pkevan@uoguelph.ca) ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 20 Jan 1994 15:10:42 PST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Adrian Wenner Subject: Re: Some Question s >Hi, > >I'm working on a gardening magazine piece on beekeeping in >the city. (The editor saw the hives in our community garden >and asked me to do the piece.) I've a couple of questions >that perhaps you'd answer for me. > >Our beekeeper told me that "When the queen loses her >fecundity, the workers build queen cells and feed them on >royal jelly, and the queen takes workers and drones out of >the hive with her to swarm and go somewhere else." > > What happens to this proto-hive if the queen has >lost her fecundity? What happens to the queen...the other >bees? > How many queens actually hatch from the queen cells >in the original hive? How does one become THE queen? > Where does the royal jelly come from? > What's in it that "allows the queen to live 5 yrs >while other bees only live 42 days"? > >Are there other sources of beekeeping info in cyberspace >besides Penn State's PenPages? > >Thank you so much. I just help take honey around here and >feel a little ignorant when it comes to writing about apiculture. > >Libby J. Goldstein Dear Libby, There are two good books to start with for one with your background, both by Sue Hubbell. If I were you I would start with A COUNTRY YEAR. When you have finished that one, read A BOOK OF BEES. These books are very well written and easy to follow. The answers to most of your questions appear in there -- it is difficult for any of us to find the time to draft an answer to all these basic types of questions. Adrian M. Wenner Prof. of Natural History, Emeritus *************************************************************** * Adrian Wenner E-Mail wenner@lifesci.lscf.ucsb.edu * * Department of Biology Office Phone (805) 893-2838 * * University of California Lab Phone (805) 893-2838 * * Santa Barbara, CA 93106 FAX (805) 893-4724 * *************************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 20 Jan 1994 19:11:24 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Warner Granade Subject: Re: Starving Bees Adam, how do you think the bees here in VA are holding up in this miserable weather? Should I have done anything to keep them warmer?(kind of late now). -- Warner Granade *****jwg2y@virginia.edu 804-924-7409 ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 21 Jan 1994 01:13:37 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Michael Moroney Subject: Re: Some Question s In-Reply-To: <199401202210.AA29910@world.std.com> > Our beekeeper told me that "When the queen loses her > fecundity, the workers build queen cells and feed them on > royal jelly, and the queen takes workers and drones out of > the hive with her to swarm and go somewhere else." > > What happens to this proto-hive if the queen has > lost her fecundity? What happens to the queen...the other > bees? The beekeeper has confused two separate processes. When a queen loses her fecundity, the other bees start raising some new queens. The new queen will replace the old queen, but they sometimes coexist for a while. In this case the old queen and other bees do _not_ leave. If the time of year is right and the hive is crowded, the bees will _swarm_. In this case the bees start raising queens, and the old queen and most of the bees leave the hive en masse to form a new colony. In this case the old queen is still fertile, although probably past her prime. An experienced beekeeper can tell what the bees are up to when he spots queen cells. When the bees want to swarm there are more queen cells and they are located along the bottom of combs. Supersedure cells are usually in the middle of the comb. > How many queens actually hatch from the queen cells > in the original hive? How does one become THE queen? Usually the first queen to hatch will kill the other queen cells. If two queens meet they fight to the death (survival of the fittest). > Where does the royal jelly come from? > What's in it that "allows the queen to live 5 yrs > while other bees only live 42 days"? Worker bees work themselves to death (they can live ~6 months in the winter when there's nothing for them to do but keep warm) The queen does nothing but lay eggs. -Mike ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 21 Jan 1994 05:00:58 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Wolfgang Kirchner Subject: Trying again In-Reply-To: Dear Peter Kevan, you were asking, how much nectar is in a crop load and guessed that it might be about 1 milliliter. 1 milliliter of nectar weighs about 1 gram. 8 times more than a bee! The full crop load of a honeybee forager is about 50-60 microliters on average. Regards Wolfgang H. Kirchner, W|rzburg (kirchner@vax.rz.uni-wuerzburg.d400.de) ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 21 Jan 1994 08:10:27 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: KOLMES@HWS.BITNET Subject: Re: Trying again Although a full crop load is ca. 50-60 microliters, I have measured the crop contents of a large number of foragers that were attempting to return to their hives, and in my measurements crop loads of anywhere from 15-30 microliters were more common than the larger loads. I am sure that it depends on local conditions, but certainly the maximum load is often not what they are carrying. Steve A. Kolmes KOLMES@HWS.BITNET ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 21 Jan 1994 17:00:19 +0100 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Martin Giurfa Subject: Re: Trying again (fwd) Forwarded message: >From giurfa Fri Jan 21 16:41:38 1994 Subject: Re: Trying again To: owner-bee-l@UACSC2.ALBANY.EDU (Peter Kevan) Date: Fri, 21 Jan 1994 16:41:38 +0100 (MET) From: Martin Giurfa In-Reply-To: <199401202228.AA15352@mail.cs.tu-berlin.de> from "Peter Kevan" at Jan 20, 94 05:25:44 pm X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4 PL21] MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Length: 2293 > Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII > > How much nectar is in a crop-load? I seem to remember reading that its > about 1 milliliter, can that be? Cheers, Peter Kevan (pkevan@uoguelph.ca) > For honeybees, the maximal crop load is 60 microliter. This can vary from forager to forager, of course but this is the normal value for a full croap load. OF COURSE, THE MAIN POINT IS THAT HONEYBEES DO NOT ALWAYS FILL THEIR CROP WHEN FORAGING. Also for profitable food sources foragers can come back to the hive with a half croap (30 microliter). THE TRICK THERE IS THAT BY REDUCING THEIR CROAP LOADS WHEN EXPLOITING A PROFITABLE FOOD SOURCE, BEES REDUCE THEIR FORAGING TIME (TIME OUTSIDE THE HIVE) AND INCREASE IN THAT WAY THE EFFICACITY OF THE INFORMATION CHANNEL BETWWEN THE HIVE AND THE FOOD SOURCE. This is valid for a social insect like the honeybee where informa- tion exchange plays a fundamental role in foaraging strategies but it is not necessarily valid for bumblebees and (obviously) solitary bees. In any case, for quantification of the croap load in honeybees and quantification of the strategies that vary accordingly, I would suggest: Nunez JA (1970) The relationship between sugar flow and foraging and recrui- ting behaviour of honeybees. Anim Behav 18: 527-538 Nunez JA (1982) Honeybee foraging strategies at a food source in relation to its distance from the hive and the rate of sugar flow. J Apic Res 21:139-150 Also: Varju D & Nunez JA (1991): What do foraging honeybees optimize? J Comp Physiol A 169: 729-736. The ultimate argument to explain why honeybees do not fill their croap was also discussed by Paul Schmid-Hempel who proposed other explana- tions in terms of individual efficiency, BUT WHAT IS SURE IS THAT HONEYBEES DO NOT NECESSARILY RETURN TO THE HIVE WITH A FULL CROAP WHEN EXPLOITING A PROFITABLE FOOD SOURCE. THE SAME IS OF COURSE VALID FOR A NON PROFITABLE FOOD SOURCE. Cheers, Martin Giurfa Institut fuer Neurobiologie Freie Universitaet Berlin Koenigign Luise Str. 28/30 14195 BERLIN - GERMANY GIURFA@CASTOR.ZEDAT.FU-BERLIN.DE ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 23 Jan 1994 21:02:48 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: BEELAB@ACSPR1.ACS.BROCKPORT.EDU Subject: cubital insects --Original letter-- Return-Path: <> Received: from UACSC2.ALBANY.EDU by ACSPR1.acs.brockport.edu; 23 Jan 94 20:51:55 EST Received: from UACSC2.ALBANY.EDU by UACSC2.ALBANY.EDU (IBM VM SMTP V2R2) with BSMTP id 9225; Sun, 23 Jan 94 20:52:57 EST Received: from UACSC2.ALBANY.EDU (NJE origin MAILER@ALBNYVM1) by UACSC2.ALBANY.EDU (LMail V1.1d/1.7f) with BSMTP id 2925; Sun, 23 Jan 1994 20:52:58 -0500 Date: Sun, 23 Jan 1994 20:52:57 -0500 Reply-To: Postmaster@UACSC2.ALBANY.EDU From: RFC822 mailer (LMail release 1.1d/1.7f) Subject: Undelivered mail To: BEELAB@ACSPR1.ACS.BROCKPORT.EDU X-Report-Type: Nondelivery; boundary="> Error description:" An error was detected while processing the enclosed message. A list of the affected recipients follows. This list is in a special format that allows software like LISTSERV to automatically take action on incorrect addresses; you can safely ignore the numeric codes. --> Error description: Error-For: BEE_L@UACSC2.ALBANY.EDU Alias: BEE_L@ALBNYVM1.BITNET Alias: BEE_L@ALBANY.BITNET Alias: BEE_L@ALBANY.EDU Alias: BEE_L@ALBANY.ALBANY.EDU Error-Code: 3 Error-Text: No such local user. Error-End: One error reported. ------------------------- Rejected message (20 lines) ------------------------- Received: from ALBNYVM1 (NJE origin SMTP@ALBNYVM1) by UACSC2.ALBANY.EDU (LMail V1.1d/1.7f) with BSMTP id 2922; Sun, 23 Jan 1994 20:52:57 -0500 Received: from valhalla.ee.rochester.edu by UACSC2.ALBANY.EDU (IBM VM SMTP V2R2) with TCP; Sun, 23 Jan 94 20:52:55 EST Received: from ACSPR1.acs.brockport.edu by valhalla.ee.rochester.edu (4.1/2.12ee) id AA29696; Sun, 23 Jan 94 20:54:14 EST Message-Id: <9401240154.AA29696@valhalla.ee.rochester.edu> Received: (from user BEELAB) by ACSPR1.acs.brockport.edu; 23 Jan 94 20:51:48 EST To: bee_l@albany.edu From: BEELAB@acspr1.acs.brockport.edu Subject: cubital index Date: 23 Jan 94 20:51:48 EST Dear Hugo: The best bet on CI for honey bees is the lab of Prof Dr. F Ruttner in Austria. His headquarters are still at the Bieneninstitut, Karl-vonlFrisch Weg, Oberursel, Germany. Dr Ruttner probably has hundreds or thousands already on file which should be a help to you. He has measured races from S Africa to Siberia. ed.southwick ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 26 Jan 1994 10:24:19 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Malcolm (Tom) Sanford, Florida Extension Apiculturist" Subject: January issue of APIS FILENAME: JANAPIS.94 Florida Extension Beekeeping Newsletter Apis--Apicultural Information and Issues (ISSN 0889-3764) Volume 12, Number 1, January 1994 MANAGING AHB COMPLEXITIES As the African honey bee (AHB) becomes established in the United States, information on the complexities of managing this insect is becoming more available. In his November/December, 1993 issue of From the UC Apiaries, Dr. Eric Mussen reported how southern Texas beekeeper Bill Vanderput summarized his experiences, "...25 percent more stings, 25 percent more work and 25 percent more sweat." Although 30 percent of supersedure queens appeared mated to AHBs, only 10 percent were "noticeably Africanized." Empty equipment is colonized by AHB swarms. Most noticeable about AHB colonies: 1. nothing dramatic when cover removed; (2) lots of festooning on frames; (3) increased stinging, but not really bad. Honey must be removed or AHB swarms, but both African and European seem to be adequate honey producers. Meanwhile, in Mexico, Dr. Mussen reported that Dr. Ernesto Guzman from that country said that 100,000 swarms per year were being trapped. In spite of this, not all beekeepers are equally affected. Some noticed little effect, while others went out of business. On the other hand, free bees provided an impetus to go into business for many. About 29 deaths per year are attributed to AHB in the country. Beekeeping practices have changed; in particular, colony number has been reduced to yards of 15-25. Beekeepers are able to move colonies, but AHBs abscond when nectar is in short supply. Management is genearally costing about 30 percent to 50 percent more than before. Enrique Estrada and Sue Cobey reported on his methods to maintain gentle bees in Mexico in the December, 1993 American Bee Journal. Using technology he learned from Dr. Rich Hellmich, formerly at the USDA Baton Rouge Bee Laboratory, Mr. Estrada saturates his breeding area with drones. His queen breeding stock is based on instrumental insemination. Mr. Estrada says his expenses are more, but the breeding effort is paying off in keeping valuable customers. He will present his findings at the annual meeting of the American Beekeeping Federation in Orlando. Into the fray comes Dr. William Ramirez, University of Costa Rica. Writing in the January, 1994 issue of American Bee Journal, Dr. Ramirez says many widely held views about AHB are not correct. "Swarming and absconding do not occur. They produce abundant honey..." Almost in the same breath, however, he says, "I have found that the size of the hive must be reduced to the brood chamber, and sugar feed must be provided during the wet season (dearth period) to prevent absconding." He sees only two negative aspects of AHB: greater defensive behavior and increased collection of propolis. The competent beekeeper, Dr. Ramirez believes, can handle any so-called "problems" posed by the AHB. "Africanized Bees in the United States," Scientific American, December, 1993, by Dr. Tom Rinderer and colleagues, Baton Rouge Bee Laboratory, also examines the AHB in some detail. These investigators suggest a pattern in the United States could develop like that in Argentina. A "transition zone" has established itself at about the latitude of Buenos Aires where a mixture of Africanized and European bees exist. Thus, in the U.S., European- like bees may be less competitive in the Deep South and African- like in the North. They conclude: "It is inevitable that the incursion of Africanized bees into the U.S. will increase the costs of managing commercial colonies, at least temporarily. It is also likely that some African genes will spread through feral and managed bee colonies. Yet vigilance and coordination by apiculturists have every chance of preserving the European behavior of commercial honeybee stocks..." The above information, along with other reports dribbling in about AHB, indicates that definitive answers to questions about management of this insect continue to be controversial. One thing is abundantly clear, however. The coming of the African bee will not be "business as usual" for U.S. beekeepers. SHORTAGE OF BEES? The January,1994 issue of FloridAgriculture suggests honey bee numbers are dropping while demand increases in the state. There are uncertain times ahead as beekeepers are faced with mite problems, a depressed market price for honey and the coming of the African bee. This may be particularly important in citrus. As new varieties come on line, many require pollination for adequate seed and fruit production. According to the article, those planting new varieties have been disappointed by yields. It is estimated, for example, that the new Sunburst tangerine variety needs a minimum of one hive for every two acres. The concern has produced a demand for commercial pollination which could be good for beekeepers. According to Mr. Laurence Cutts, Chief Apiary Inspector, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, common practice in groves has flip-flopped. Growers are now seeking beekeepers to put hives on their plantings instead of the reverse. A warning included in the article, however, should be taken seriously. Unscrupulous operators may take advantage of this climate and rent substandard colonies. Again, according to Mr. Cutts, "Fraudulent operators could bring weak hives--hives with only a few bees--to a grove, duping the grower into thinking he was getting full service." The November, 1993 issue of Citrus Industry mirrors the concern about bee shortages. According to Carol Teeter, "Declining Honey Subsidies May Make Apiculturists Out of Specialty Growers," one cooperative, Haines City Citrus Growers Association, rented pollination services for the first time last year. Alternatives for commercial renting of honey bees by citrus growers are not attractive, Ms. Teeter said. The use of chemicals to set fruit (growth regulators like gibberellic acid) are not dependable every year and wild honey bee populations have been decimated by the introduced Varroa bee mite. Some growers are considering becoming beekeepers themselves. The costs, however, are not trivial. The article estimates a maintenance fee of anywhere from $50 to $75 per year. In summary, the article concludes, "...these developments hint that citrus growers and honey producers are likely to be linked even more in the future, bonded more than in the past by the exchange of money; the latter hounded by limiting interventions of government; the former challenged by new skills along with new burdens of overhead expense. Market forces, as always, will seek their own levels." CROWDING BEES Every beekeeper is taught that strong colonies are the essence of beekeeping. However, what does crowding of bees do to a colony? Dr. John Harbo, USDA Baton Rouge Bee Laboratory, reports on this in his study "Worker-Bee Crowding Affects Brood Production, Honey Production, and Longevity of Honey Bees," Journal of Economic Entomology, Vol. 86, No. 6, pp 1672-1678, December, 1993. Through an elaborate set of experiments, using several hive sizes and different initial populations, Dr. Harbo found that in winter more crowded bees consumed less honey, but produced less brood and lived shorter than less crowded colonies. In spring and summer, more crowded bees produced more honey. They also produced less brood, but the difference was not as marked as in winter. With reference to how available space affected colonies during honey producing times, the results are not clear cut. "Of three treatments, colonies with five combs in a 25-liter hive produced the most honey and colonies with additional space and comb (10 frames in a 47-liter hive) produced the least, while colonies of five frames in a 47-liter hive were intermediate. MORE ON FLUVALINATE A report in the January, 1994 American Bee Journal, suggested that Israeli beekeepers were experiencing some trouble with their traditional method of treating for Varroa. Plywood strips dipped in Maverik (R) were killing bees. The material is toxic when wet, but after drying has previously not been hazardous. I posed several questions about fluvalinate's use to Dr. Yaacov Lensky, Triwaks Bee Research Facility, Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot. Here is his reply. 1. Has Mavrik (R) been reformulated? The answer is no. The local dealer of Mavrik (R) uses a machine for distributing Maverik (R) in small containers of one liter. The machine that was used for the preparation of Mavrik (R) had been contaminated with another insecticide, an organic phosphate, Dursban (R). This particular batch has been used for the preparation of plywood inserts. Beekeepers who used the inserts later found some poisoning of their bee colonies. So Mavrik (R) had not been reformulated, but contaminated, due to the carelessness of the dealer. 2. Are mites resistant to Fluvalinate? Until now there were no indications. However, when beekeepers do not apply the Apistan strips or inserts properly, mostly without leaving enough space for a worker to walk upon the strip, then the control of the mite is only partial. We had no problems with Mavrik (R) because we deposit the inserts at hive entrances and not in the brood nest. It seems that Apistan (R) strips or fluvalinate inserst that are exposed to high ambient summer temperatures lose their acaricidal effect and their use may result in only partial mortality of Varroa. 3. What does this mean for use in the United States? If Maverik (R) is not contaminated by another insecticide, you have no problems. I feel that you may have problems by using Apistan (R) strips for too long periods or at too high levels. They are useless after three to four weeks. The recommended six weeks can only contribute to a higher accumulation of fluvalinate in wax and honey. The legal Apistan (R) strips contain higher levels of fluvalinate than the inserts. The recommendation to use two strips and not a single one does not seem to be justified based on field trials in different climates. It is a pity that there are no reports concerning Apistan (R) residues in wax and honey. APIS IN GOPHERSPACE In the last issue of APIS, I said somewhat whimsically that APIS might soon be found either at an FTP site or GOPHER in the future. I found out soon thereafter that the newsletter is already available on two servers. Talk about being behind the technological curve! For the initiated, back issues are indeed available in Gopherspace. A Veronica search using the title as the keyword quickly finds the sites. One is menu item #77 while doing an APIS search at Nysernet. Other electronic news comes from Andy Nachbaur, SYSOP of Wildbees BBS in California. He now has an internet connection (andy.nachbaur@beenet.com). His latest message: "The Wild Net that BeeNet is a conference of continues to grow with 400+- bbs's that could get the BeeNet. I am sure before the year is out it will be available via satellite as a read only network worldwide. It really boggles my mind; now, if just more beekeepers would get interested I can see many good things in this age of communications that beekeepers big and small could use to their advantage. I have been able to use the internet highway to post messages to Holland and they are working on a bbs connection in England." If you are interested in electronic communication, I recommend getting a copy of the latest paper by Tom Fasulo, Jane Medley and myself published in BeeScience, "Electronic Delivery of Apicultural Information," Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 10-15, July, 1993. I have reprints and will mail them in response to requests. We still have copies of the beekeeping database available. Since advertising it in October, we have sold a number of copies as far away as Canada. It is featured in some detail in the BeeScience article. The database sells for $50.00; 70 percent of the income derived is donated to the Department of Entomology and Nematology at the University of Florida for further development of computer programs involving extension entomology. The package runs on all IBM-compatible computers equipped with a hard drive, DOS 3.1 or higher, 640K memory and EGA, VGA or SVGA card and appropriate monitor. Send a check with your order to Beekeeping Database, c/o Dr. M.T. Sanford, Secretary-Treasurer AAPA, Bldg 970, Box 110620, Gainesville, FL 32611-0620. Be sure to please specify 5.25 or 3.5 inch diskettes. Malcolm T. Sanford Bldg 970, Box 110620 University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611-0620 Phone (904) 392-1801, Ext. 143 FAX: 904-392-0190 BITNET Address: MTS@IFASGNV INTERNET Address: MTS@GNV.IFAS.UFL.EDU ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Tom Sanford Extension Apiculturist University of Florida Mailing Address: Bldg 970, Hull Rd., Gainesville, FL 32611-0620 Voice phone 904/392-1801, Ext. 143 FAX 904/392-0190 INTERNET: MTS@GNV.IFAS.UFL.EDU BITNET: MTS@IFASGNV +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 26 Jan 1994 16:51:55 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "James E. Tew" Subject: Apiculture Awareness ....................................................................... Item Subject: aanjan94 APICULTURAL AWARENESS ES USDA JAN/FEB 1994 VOL. 7, ISSUE 1 USDA REPORT ON THE U.S. BEEKEEPING INDUSTRY AVAILABLE REPORT ABSTRACT: An estimated 125-150,000 beekeepers in the United States operate between 3.2 and 3.4 million honey bee colonies. Less than 2 percent of beekeepers are full-time (commercial) operators (300 or more colonies), more than 90 percent are hobbyists (fewer than 25 colonies), and the remainder are part-time (25-299 colonies). Honey bee pollination is vital to U.S. agriculture. Most pollination is provided free as a by- product of honey production. In 1988, beekeepers derived 53 percent of their income from honey program payments. Total honey program payments have declined since 1988, from $100 million to $16 million in 1992. This report updates information on the beekeeping industry and its relationship to agriculture and the environment. Chapters covered within the report are: Structure of the U.S. Beekeeping Industry, Characteristics of Beekeeping Firms, Honey Bee Pollination, Marketing, Honey Price Support Program, Correlation Analysis of Selected Beekeeper Characteristics, and a Bibliography. For information on acquiring a copy of the report, contact Fredric Hoff at the address presented below. SOURCE: Fredric L. Hoff, USDA/ERS, Room 1240, 1301 New York Avenue, NW, Washington D.C., 20005-4788 (202)219-0883 CANADA - A REVIEW OF THE HONEY BEE POPULATION AND FACTORS AFFECTING IT The report, dated June 16, 1993, reviews the status of the Canadian beekeeping industry and factors that affect the population of beehives. Honey production rates, Numbers of beekeepers, Number of hives, Number of overwintered hives, Cost comparison for packages, and mite control procedures, are examples of topics covered in the comprehensive report. The 12- page report includes descriptive charts, maps, and graphics. SOURCE: Gary B. Hergert, Market and Industry Services Branch, Agriculture Canada NOTE: For a copy of the report, communicate with J. Tew at one of the addresses given at the end of this publication. NATIONAL EXTENSION PUBLICATIONS LISTING DISTRIBUTED ELECTRONICALLY The National Extension Beekeeping Publications List will be loaded on the Ohio State University electronic "Gopher" system for those who access such a system. The last listing to the publication was February, 1992. If you have extension bee (Apis or non-Apis) publications, and want your publication added to the list, please forward a specimen copy to me along with purchasing information. Also, a few hard copies are still available. Contact J. Tew at one of the addresses at the end of this publication for information on ordering copies. BEEKEEPING CALENDAR AVAILABLE The North Carolina State Beekeepers publish a Calendar of Beekeeping every year. It contains lots of interesting information, meeting dates, management suggestions, and recipes. It has a slight regional bias, but should still be interesting to most beekeepers. It is printed on recycled paper and in two colors. Copies are available at $6.00 each from: North Carolina State Beekeepers Assn., 1403 Varsity Dr., Raleigh, NC 27606. SOURCE: Stephen Bambara, NCSU-Entomology, Box 7626, Raleigh NC 27695-7626. SBAMBARA@NCAESNCR.NCSU.EDU Insect Learning: Ecological and Evolutionary Perspectives, is edited by Daniel R. Papaj and Alcinca C. Lewis. The hardback, having fourteen chapters (398pp), is a comprehensive text that amasses the expertise of fourteen expert authors. Though many other insect species are discussed, Insect Learning addresses honey bees, bumble bees and other bees extensively throughout the text. The purchase price is $54.95 plus postage and handling and is available from: Routledge, Chapman & Hall, ITP Distribution Center, 7625 Empire Drive, Florence, KY 41042 USA -- PHONE (212)244-3336; FAX 800-248-4724 LONG- VERSUS SHORT-RANGE PHEROMONAL ATTRACTION IN HONEYBEE SWARMS SCHMIDT, JUSTIN O.//THOENES, STEVEN C./ /SLESSOR, KEITH N.//WINSTON, MARK L. During reproductive swarming, honeybee pheromones mediate the attraction, movement, and cohesiveness of thousands of bees as they depart from the hive and fly to a new nest site. Although two principal pheromones, worker Nasonov pheromone and queen mandibular gland pheromone, are known to play fundamental roles in the swarming process, the exact roles of these pheromones has eluded understanding. We report here the unique and distinctive roles of these pheromones. Nasonov pheromone acts as a sole long-range orienting and attracting signal for scout bees searching for suitable nest cavities and for nestmates as they follow scouts to the new nest. Queen pheromone serves as a short-range attractant and orienting cue that indicates to flying workers the location of the queen. Both pheromones stimulate clustering and cohesiveness of workers after they reach the nest site. SOURCE: Justin O. Schmidt, USDA, ARS, Pacific West A, 2000 E. Allen Road, Tucson AZ 85719; Telephone: 602-670-6380; Fax: 602-670-6493. PC-BEEPOP, A MICROCOMPUTER MODEL OF THE POPULATION DYNAMICS AND ECONOMICS OF HONEY BEE COLONIES BROMENSHENK JERRY J.//DEGRANDI-HOFFMAN GLORIA PC-BEEPOP is an interactive computer model simulating the population dynamics of a honey bee colony. Population predictions are based upon initial colony population size, age structure, weather conditions, forager life, queen egg laying potential, and food stores available in the colony. Previous publications concerning PC-BEEPOP hive appeared in ecological and toxicological journals. This manuscript was written for a wider audience of entomologists to inform them of the availability of this program, and to describe some of its capabilities. Examples of simulations that might be used in entomology, apiculture, or ecology classes are included. SOURCE: Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman, USDA, ARS, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson AZ 85719. Telephone: 602-670-6380; Fax: 602-670-6493. AGRICULTURE CANADA HONEY BEE IMPORTATION DISCUSSIONS Prior to 1984, the Canada/US border was open to the importation of packaged honey bees. Since 1984, when tracheal mites (Acarapis woodi) were first reported in the U.S., no importation has been allowed into the provinces east of the Manitoba border. However, packaged bees from the continental U.S. continued to be available to beekeepers in the western provinces until prohibited by Ministerial Order following the identification of the varroa mite (Varroa jacobsoni) in the U.S. in 1987. All importations from the U.S. were stopped as of January 1, 1988, and the 2-year embargo has been twice renewed. The current embargo will expire at the end of 1993. On September 11, 1993, a Bee Consultative Meeting was held in Calgary to discuss issues concerning the border closing. Based on discussions held, the following recommendations were made: 1. It is recommended that the existing Honey Bee Prohibition Regulations, 1991 be extended beyond December 31, 1993 for an additional two years. Further, it is recommended that, subject to the satisfactory completion of the actions listed below and of a formal risk assessment, the decision to be taken and announced, as soon as possible after the summer of 1995, that the border will be opened. 2. It is recommended that consideration be given to allowing queens only to be imported from the continental U.S. under tightly controlled experimental conditions in 1995. 3. It is recommended that the beekeeping industry, under the leadership of the Canadian Honey Council, give high priority to resolving the uncertainties that exist, and to developing a strategy to enhance the long term viability and competitiveness of the industry. A list of suggestions was included that would augment the implementation of the recommendations made. SOURCE: Agriculture Canada, Food Production and Inspection Branch, 2255 Carling Avenue, 3rd Floor, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0Y9 ....................................................................... Item Subject: Signature Block ************************************************************************ James E. Tew, Ph.D. * (216)263-3684 Department of Entomology * Tew.1@OSU.EDU OARDC * FAX (216)262-2720 The Ohio State University * Wooster, Ohio 44691 * ************************************************************************ ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 26 Jan 1994 17:44:15 +0000 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Rick Hough Subject: Biology Software Request I saw this on the sci.agriculture newsgroup, and thought it might be of interest to some of the folks on this list, who may not regularly read that newsgroup. Rick Hough, a beekeeper from NE of Boston, MA rshough@tasc.com Attention Biologists: The Biology Education Software Task force--BEST--is a group interested in extending and improving the use of computer software for undergraduate education in biology. To that end, we are requesting any available commercial or in-house programs for review purposes, or any information concerning such software. This includes all interactive, multimedia, simulation or modeling software, or any other relevant programs. Software will be reviewed by faculty and students from a wide range of biological disciplines at the Universtiy of Washington. We will publish a review of the most useful programs and a list of where they may be obtained in an appropriate journal. If you have any software applicable to undergraduate education in biology, or if you know of anyone who uses software in teaching to whom we could write personally, please send us e-mail at BEST@zoology.washington.edu or write to BEST Department of Zoology, NJ-15 University of Washington Seattle WA 98195. If you want to speak to someone personally, David Baldwin can be reached at 206-685-1924. ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 31 Jan 1994 10:42:39 +1100 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Robert Rice Subject: Gergarines Disease HI There, I was just wondering if anyone had observed gregarines disease in bees and if so what their experiences where with this disease. I have recently found a hive containing what I first thought to be Nosema apis, however while the shape and length of the spores were correct the spore had a grey cresent shape at one end. I have since examined sections taken from bee gut using transmission electron microscopy and am not completely sure as to what internal structures are what. Based on a literature search, it appears that little is known about these beasts. I found a reference that describes four species in bees and a basic life cycle but not much else. For instance, are they an economic threat, mode of transmission between colonies and do gregarines that parasitise bees have alternate hosts, etc. If anyone out there on the network has anything to add it would be appreciated. Robert Rice CSIRO Division of Entomology, Canberra, Australia. E-mail robertr@ento.csiro.au ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 30 Jan 1994 23:04:09 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Sorin Damian Subject: solitary bees I would like to keep solitary bees at HOME. I've seen somewhere a device two sheet of glass with a thin layer or earth(1 cm?) in between. Is it possible? How to feed the bees? How to collect them? How many males? Which species are the most suitable? etc... etc... Sorin ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 31 Jan 1994 06:43:23 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Dave D. Cawley, a De Leon Socialist" Subject: How About a Bee Newsgroup? I know we have our nice little list here and it deals a lot with research, but how about if there was a beekeeping newsgroup on the Usenet? It would be a good place for folks to learn more about the magical world of beekeeping and could help get some more folks into it. And it would be a whole lot easier for people to find than this list, I know it took me months to find it. I'll ask my sysop about the particulars of creating a newsgroup and get back to you. Anyone have any good ideas for a name, alt.beekeeping, alt.apis, rec.pets.beekeeping? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Dave D. Cawley | University Of Scranton | ddc1@jaguar.uofs.edu | ddc1@SCRANTON | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 31 Jan 1994 07:19:37 -0600 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Ron Rynders Subject: Re: How About a Bee Newsgroup? In-Reply-To: <9401310551.aa22943@cc.dordt.edu> from "Dave D. Cawley, a De Leon Socialist" at Jan 31, 94 06:43:23 am Sounds like a great idea! I'm new to the world of magic you refer to, but if it affords beginners any new information, I'm for it. ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 31 Jan 1994 08:49:09 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Steve Schram Subject: Re: Biology Software Request In-Reply-To: Message of Thu, 27 Jan 94 08:42:55 EDT from Sounds like a great idea. I'll contact them abouit existing software etc. *********************** Steven I Schram ******************************* * Life Sciences Building Rm. 617 State University of New York * * Stony Brook, NY 11794-5245 Phone: 516 632-8539 * *********************************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 31 Jan 1994 13:41:01 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: uplow!cp@CSI.UOTTAWA.CA Subject: A new list for beekeepers? From: plowright@csi.uottawa.ca Dear BEE-Liners: With regard to Dave Cawley's suggestion about having a new list for the special requirements of beekeepers (as opposed to bee scientists) . . . The thing is is (I've been looking for an opportunity to use this splendid neologism for the first time) we've been through this before: First there was BEE-L (set up by Ed Southwick, and let's not forget to thank him once in a while, eh?) Then the People said: there's too much Science (or was it too LITTLE science?) on this List! And so Ed created SOCINSCT List (which was, if I remem