From LISTSERV@UACSC2.ALBANY.EDU Mon Oct 3 16:31:32 1994 Date: Mon, 3 Oct 1994 18:11:12 -0400 From: BITNET list server at ALBNYVM1 To: Allen Dick Subject: File: "BEE-L LOG9405" ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 30 Apr 1994 14:10:11 +0200 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: richard@SARA.NL Subject: Re: FWD>New Queens Hi Dave, Just the other day seen an item on german t.v. Guy had a contraption with two video cameras aimed at a virgin queen glued on a stick, the whole mounted on a horizontal wheel on a long poleand circling aro und. Poor girl didn't stay virgin for long. After some time they stopped this very merry go round, but the drones did not stop, so at least the Q doesn't have to fly.. Hope this answers your question, --- Richard van Ouwerkerk == Specialist in ruste richard@sara.nl PE1KFM.Domein.in.nl Telefoon: ++ 31 20 6953246 Telefax: ++ 31 20 6953246 ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 1 May 1994 09:52:07 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "La Reine de la Cite' des Phoques (Liz Day)" Subject: book Does anyone know where I may order a book by Plath called Bumblebees and Their Ways? Thanks, Liz Day University of Illinois at Chicago day@eecs.uic.edu ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 30 Apr 1994 21:12:02 -0300 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Eunice Wonnacott Subject: Re: FWD>New Queens In-Reply-To: <9404301156.AA21222@bud.peinet.pe.ca> Dave: To be specific in your question, it is possible to inseminate queens artificially. In that case, of course, there is no flight involved. However, in nature, the queen flies high, and mates in mid air, usually with multiple partners, we understand. After this mating she returns to the hive. She never leaves it again, unless in the case of swarming. Eunice Wonnacott "From the Cradle of Confederation" On Sat, 30 Apr 1994, Dave D. Cawley, a De Leon Socialist wrote: > Do queens *have* to be able to fly to be mated? Can't the drones > fertilize her if she can't fly? Is mating done in midair or on some firmer > substance? Just wondering... > > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ > Dave D. Cawley | Adolph! Adi! More coal in the furnace, > University Of Scranton | Dick's on his way down! > Scranton, Pennsylvania | > ddc1@jaguar.uofs.edu | -Overheard in Hell > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ > ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 30 Apr 1994 22:28:04 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: David Christenson Subject: Re: FWD>New Queens Harryt H. Laidlaw Jr. in Dadant's "Contemporary Queen Rearaing iu are ing" speaks of the mating process as strictly a midair proposition, aside from beekeeper= - induced instrumental insemination. The mechanics of this aereo onautic erotica aree , unfortunately, noty described in this particular piece of literature. I'd like to hear abokut it. ut it. Otherwise, the book appears to be thorough, and is probably still in the Dadant catalog. Hope this helps. -- David Christenson, an "wex ex-beekeeper." ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 1 May 1994 17:57:01 -0300 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Harvey Hyde Subject: PEI Newsletter Attaches is the newsletter put together by the Prince Edward Island, Canada Bee Cooperative. Enjoy. PEI BEEKEEPERS COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION NEWSLETTER APRIL 27/94 In this issue:- EDITOR'S COMMENTS PRESIDENT'S NOTES INSPECTOR'S REPORT APICULTURIST'S NOTES FORAGING FOR FLOWERS CONTRIBUTED ARTICLE RECIPE NSBA MEETING UPCOMING EVENTS AGRICULTURE CANADA EDITOR'S COMMENTS:- Harvey Hyde We would appreciate as much input, in the production of this newsletter, as possible-- There are many good ways to enhance your beekeeping skills. One such way is to attend the functions of the other Associations such as the NSBA annual meetings, Maritime Beekeepers Association meetings held in November in Amherst and by attending the various field days put on by our NS and NB friends. You will be welcomed there. We will try to keep you notified well in advance of these events so that you can plan ahead. We would like to thank Katherine Clough at the Ag Canada Research Station for her efforts in preparing an article on Island bee flora. PRESIDENT'S NOTES:-John Burhoe Our annual meeting was held at Central Queens Elementary School Saturday March 19/94 and was attended by some 30 beekeepers from around the Island. Our guest speaker was Chris Prouse, Provincial Apiarist and his talk centred around what turned out to be the main topic of discussion; the strong likelihood of not being able to obtain bees from New Zealand due to the U.S. government's refusal to allow transhipment flights of bees through Hawaii. The discussion that followed examined the possibility of our Island beekeepers becoming self sufficient in bee stock so that we are not held to ransom by other factors out of our control such as foreign government intervention and supplier problems. Several motions were entertained one of which related to approaching seed growers, particularly blueberry growers to explain the anticipated shortage of bees for pollination this year visa vis the Hawaiian transhipment restrictions. It was the general consensus of the commercial beekeepers that we would increase our colony numbers as quickly as possible to be better able to provide ample supplies of strong colonies for pollination. A keen and I must say competent executive was elected for the coming year as follows:- Carol Jollimore:-Vice-president Paul Dick:-Secretary Glenda Carver:-Treasurer Al Picketts:-Chair Education committee Phillip Maxwell:-Chair Disease inspection committee Sharon Labchuk:-Chair Public Relations/Fund raising committee Harvey Hyde:-Newsletter Editor Eunice Wonnacott:-Bee Orders and beekeeper registration and myself as president. The meeting was given a brief update on the progress of this years Maritime Bee Tour 94, the theme of which is to be "Nectars of the World". The Tour this year will take place in Kensington July 29-30 and will feature very informative speakers, unique displays; one of which will include a display of honey samples from all over the world, demonstrations, and will conclude with a sumptuous banquet on Saturday evening with guest speakers and much socialization. For detailed Tour information and registration please contact Eunice Wonnacott at 894 4363/ Box 2604, Charlottetown, C1A 8C3 Our first executive meeting of 1994 was held April 11/94 and centred around defining achievable objectives to be undertaken during the current year given the anticipated fiscal restraints. Although more discussion will be required in order to prioritize these objectives, some of the suggestions included: -initiation of a comprehensive central apiculture library; -initiation of a campaign for Island bee self sufficiency; -to hold informative and fun monthly meetings to include the latest bee talk, videos, demonstrations, and a great deal of socialization; -implementation of a training program for "deputy" bee inspectors to be available to help beekeepers deal with problems encountered with their activities in view of reduced government funding for such inspection. -involvement co-operatively with other organizations in bee science projects; -establishment of a quality assurance protocol for pollination services. Island beekeepers are asked for their suggestions for PEIBCA objectives. On behalf of the PEIBCA I would like to express our thanks to the outgoing president Al Picketts for his continuous investment of time and money in our organization. You done right some good Brother! INSPECTOR'S REPORT:- Phillip Maxwell (Notes taken from annual meeting report) There were 771 colonies going into the Winter of 92/93 of which 256 or 38% did not survive. There were 205 replacement colonies. There were no Trachea or Varroa mite finds and only a very small number of colonies showed signs of AFB and EFB. It was found that Australian queens exhibited a larger percentage of sac brood than NZ queens. It is recommended that: -An inspector be present when imported bees are received; -All old and unused beekeeping equipment be destroyed as it may harbour AFB spores and EFB bacterium which stand ready to infect the occupying new colony; -Greater efforts be invested in new beekeepers to instruct them to detect the presence of bee diseases; -Those commercial beekeepers who wish to rent out their bees for pollination should create standards by which the strength of the colony may be accessed so as to guard against supplying weak colonies for pollination; -The commercial beekeepers should also set up a liaison agent between the renters and the rentees. APICULTURIST'S NOTES:-Chris Prouse Included please find your 1994 registration forms which must be filled out and returned to this office. To guard against the spread of contagious diseases to other neighbouring apiaries beekeepers who are renting out colonies for pollination are reminded that it is an offence against the Apiary Inspection Act to deploy colonies which are known to be infected with a contagious disease such as AFB,EFB, sac brood, or chalk brood as per chapter A-12 section 5 para 2 offence. A copy of the Apiary Inspections Act may be obtained from this office. PEI FLORA Foraging for Flowers in Spring and early Summer a botanical viewpoint from Katherine Clough. On a recent sunny Saturday my crocuses were in full bloom but I noticed that only the yellow ones were being visited by bees, the purples and whites were being ignored. Was it the petal colour or does the pollen of yellow crocuses have more allure for a bee? These are questions that you, the beekeeper, may be able to answer. In this article I am going to name some of the more abundant pollen and nectar bearing flowers in our wild flora that you can expect to encounter over the next 2-3 months. I don't know which are the favourites of bees but I hope to alert you to some species which you may not have known about and might influence your placement of hives. Information on the usefulness of these plants for pollen and nectar can be found in an excellent book entitled 'Plants for Beekeeping in Canada' by Jane Ramsey. Some references on our flora are listed at the end of the article Besides garden bulbs and mayflowers, the first abundant flowers of spring are found on trees such as alders, birch and maple These are not showy flowers but they bear abundant pollen which can cause hay fever in humans and is a food source for bees. Dandelions are not far behind and then come the tree and shrub blossoms of the cherry and apple family (Rosaceae), apples, choke cherries, pin cherries and the Indian pear or Saskatoon. In wet and boggy areas there are often large expanses of the purple Rhodora or wild rhododendron, and a little later comes lambkill. Both plants are members of the heath family (Ericaceae) which is listed as a source of potential agents for toxic honey. Do Island bees visit them in significant numbers? Lambkill is common in and around blueberry fields. In June agricultural plants in the legume family such as clovers and alfalfa are abundant. Red clover and alfalfa disappear into hay bales at midsummer but the white clover flowers on in pastures for much of the summer and red clover can be found in significant quantities in old and late cut hay fields . As we approach mid-July, ox-eye daisies reach their peak and look like snow in the summer landscape. In spite of their abundance and copious pollen they don't seem to be attractive to bees. At this time of the year we begin to see the flowering of many plants which are typical of the late summer and fall, I will write about these in the next newsletter. Useful references on wild flowering plants. Clough, Katherine Wildflowers of Prince Edward Island. Charlottetown: Ragweed Press, 1992. Erskine, D.S. The Plants of Prince Edward Island. Ottawa: Agriculture Canada, 1960. Revised and updated by P. M. Catling, D.S. Erskine and R. B. MacLaren, 1985. Griffin, Diane. Wildflowers of the Atlantic Provinces. Photos by Wayne Barret and Anne Mackay. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1984. Peterson, Roger Tory and McKenny, Margaret. A Field Guide to Wildflowers of North Eastern and North Central North America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1968. Roland, A.E. and Smith, E.C. The Flora of Nova Scotia. Halifax: Nova Scotia Museum, 1969. CONTRIBUTED ARTICLE:-Glenda Carver The first day of Summer is also the last day of Spring. There was a freshness in the air as the misty veils of night receded. As the light strengthened, to illuminate the honey-tinted world beneath the surface of a still, woodland pool, pale sunbeams slipped unnoticed through the swordsman in the rushes to drink the dewy beads of quicksilver gathered on the lily-pads. Later, when the morning had put on her fine petticoats of green and yellow, there came others, dressed in smart velvet and black satin. They, too, stopped to sip at the gleaming droplets. Without a city there is a house That's made entire of wood, Where live ten thousand daughters That work for common good. One mother hath these daughters And on her wedding day, She became a widow And royal sisters did she slay. The sun rose into the sky and spread its warmth all about and the citizens grew restless to be abroad. RECIPE:-Melanie Maxwell Spinach Salad Spinach, hard boiled eggs, Onion rings, Bacon bits, Mandarin oranges (drained), Fresh mushrooms (sliced). ---- Dressing (make first); 1/3 cup of honey, 1/3 cup olive oil, 1/3 cup vinegar, 1/8 teaspoon garlic salt, 1/2 teaspoon basil. Sounds delicious, no?!! NNSBA 36TH ANNUAL MEETING March 25-26/94 Cornwallis room at the Agriculture Centre in Kentville was the site of this years meeting. Among many interesting presentations was one from Dr. Keith Delaplane from the University of Georgia and author of a column in the American Bee Journal. Dr. Delaplane lectured about "Queen Rearing, Queen Quality, and Queen Management" in which he stated that Georgia is facing not only the problem of Varroa and Trachea mites but also the continued encroachment of Africanized Honey Bees. Research has shown that AHB can survive cool temperatures and that matings between EHB and AHB produces offspring skewed in favour of the AHB genetic traits. He promoted the requeening of colonies on an annual basis to sustain a higher output of queen pheromone to "unify" the colony, high egg production, high level of hoarding, decrease in disease levels, and that it was more natural for the colony to have a young queen. Dr. Delaplane gave a startling statistic about AFB. He stated a single scale (dead honey bee pupa killed by AFB) can play host to 50 billion AFB spores. It only takes 10 spores to start an outbreak of AFB -- food for thought. A panel discussion was presented by Don Amirault (using his modified version of the New Zealand "door" method of cell starting and finishing for the Mity Bee Project), Gerry Draheim (production of Karmo bee stock--as in Endel Karmo who developed the strain originally), and Monique Van Staten of Kriskey Farm who has done considerable queen rearing work in Nova Scotia. One particularly interesting presentation was by Phil Janz the new NSBA President on "Planting for Bee Forage in Nova Scotia. In his presentation Mr. Janz spoke about planting bee forage crops as well as various trees and shrubs for hedgerows which will yield a good honey flow. He also addressed the problem of the August dearth by suggesting various plants which bloom during this period and keep the bees busy hoarding honey. Mr. Janz has produced a brochure under the sponsorship of the NSBA which could be obtained if anyone was interested. Our own Al Picketts gave a talk on production in his Phacelia fields. UPCOMING EVENTS Spring Workshop; May 14/94 at Al Picketts place in Norboro beginning at noon. There will be hands on brood inspection, queen rearing demonstration re: grafting methods, discussions regarding starter/finisher colonies and a good old fashioned pot luck fest at the conclusion. Everyone is welcome! AGRICULTURE CANADA HONEY BEE IMPORTATION DISCUSSIONS Prior to 1984, the Canada/US border was open to the importation of packaged honey bees. Since 1984, when tracheal mites (Acarapis woodi) were first reported in the U.S., no importation has been allowed into the provinces east of the Manitoba border. However, packaged bees from the continental U.S. continued to be available to beekeepers in the western provinces until prohibited by Ministerial Order following the identification of the varroa mite (Varroa jacobsoni) in the U.S. in 1987. All importations from the U.S. were stopped as of January 1, 1988, and the 2-year embargo has been twice renewed. The current embargo will expire at the end of 1993. On September 11, 1993, a Bee Consultative Meeting was held in Calgary to discuss issues concerning the border closing. Based on discussions held, the following recommendations were made: 1. It is recommended that the existing Honey Bee Prohibition Regulations, 1991 be extended beyond December 31, 1993 for an additional two years. Further, it is recommended that, subject to the satisfactory completion of the actions listed below and of a formal risk assessment, the decision to be taken and announced, as soon as possible after the summer of 1995, that the border will be opened. 2. It is recommended that consideration be given to allowing queens only to be imported from the continental U.S. under tightly controlled experimental conditions in 1995. 3. It is recommended that the beekeeping industry, under the leadership of the Canadian Honey Council, give high priority to resolving the uncertainties that exist, and to developing a strategy to enhance the long term viability and competitiveness of the industry. A list of suggestions was included that would augment the implementation of the recommendations made. SOURCE: Agriculture Canada, Food Production and Inspection Branch, 2255 Carling Avenue, 3rd Floor, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0Y9 UPDATE: ALL NEW ZELAND BEE ORDERS WITH THE COOPERATIVE ARE CANCELLED DUE TO SHIPPING DIFFICULTIES AND COSTS. REFUNDS ARE TO BE INCLUDED WITH THIS NEWSLETTER MAILING. Harvey Hyde hhyde@peinet.pe.ca ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 2 May 1994 16:56:00 +1200 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: NICKW@WAIKATO.AC.NZ Subject: Virgins without wings... The wings are one of the last parts to develop in the soon-to-emerge virgin queen. Some years ago, I was due to carry some ripe (9-10 day) queen cells out to put in the nucleus colonies in a mating yard. We normally carried the cells in a chilly bin (NZ expression. Aussies call it an Isky (?). Just a 6 pack of beer sized polystyrene container!). We would place a slightly warm hot water bottle in the bottom, cover that with a towel, then place the cells on top. Well, it seems I made the hot water bottle too hot! I didn't know it until about three weeks later when I went to cage the queens. Only 2 of the 40 cells had produced mated queens. Almost all the virgins did emerge - they were running around in the nucs still. Only thing, their wings were just little useless stubs! It was the same mating yard where I once dropped a cell. I couldn't spot it in the grass, so just left it. Back there the next day, I found the just emerging cell by the small cluster of workers clinging to it! It had been quite cold overnight, and the cell was just laying on the ground for that last day of its development. Moral? If cells are almost fully developed, they'll take quite a bit of cold, but too much heat can be a killer, it seems! ------------------------------------- Nick Wallingford Bay of Plenty Polytechnic (East coast, N Island, New Zealand) Internet nickw@waikato.ac.nz ------------------------------------- ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 2 May 1994 12:42:55 +0000 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Rick Hough Subject: FWD>Thanks and ... Just got another interesting question from Dave Verville. Anyone care to share thoughts on this one??? Rick Hough rshough@tasc.com ------------forwarded mail-------------------------- Date: 5/2/94 9:29 AM From: mvdfv@mvtowers.att.com Date: 2 May 94 13:21:00 GMT To: att!rick_hough@qmmac.read.tasc.com Subject: Thanks and ... Thanks for posting my question. I still get the bee-l news sent to me just can't get to it! (yet) Thanks for the offer to collect. I picked up a nice full, teaming 5 frame nuc from Mike Onyon this weekend for my favorite sister-in-law. He said something to me that I have never heard before. I was explaining that I started an observation hive and that night it got real cold (Thursday April 21 23F). The bees had clustered away from the queen cage. I took a look at it Friday AM before work and found seven motionless bodies inside the queen cage. I took the cage inside, opened it and performed CPR on the queen. (Blowing air on her, poking her with my finger and calling her back. "Come on baby, don't die on me....) Slowly she started coming around. After about five minutes she and her attendants were fine. I put them back into the cage and then back into the hive. I brought the hive into the house. On Saturday April 23 she was released by the bees. and I could see the queen walking around. (Accepted!! :->) On Tuesday April 26 I saw her laying eggs. Sunday May 1, I could see small larva. When I told Mike the story, he said matter-of-factly "She'll be a drone layer now." "When queens get cold they become sterile" In all the books I've read, I don't recall ever reading such a profound statement. Seems this would be an important information and worthy of a note. First I worry about transfering the old queen to the observation hive. Then did I transfer enough bees, then will the queen be accepted Was she mated properly.... Now this... Have you ever heard of this? Dave Verville ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 2 May 1994 15:09:32 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: James Ory Organization: NISE Charleston, SC Subject: FWD:new Queens >... and is probably still in the Dadant catalog. Yes and in several other catalogues to boot. AR...Jim Ory - oryj@FOSTER.nosc.mil "the views expressed here are not necessairly those of my employer" ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 3 May 1994 16:36:55 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jane Power Subject: NUCS Hi, I usually order nucs in the spring. This year a beebuddy has told me about an outfit that sells 9-frame nucs. (I usually receive 4-frame ones.) They are the same price as many four-framers, and in one case cheaper. Is this too good to be true (she asks with typical beekeeper's skepticism)? Weather report: finally warmer; amazing nothern lights Cheers, Jane "I bee; therefore I am." ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 3 May 1994 17:09:17 +0000 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Rick Hough Subject: RE>NUCS Jane recently posted to BEE-L: >Hi, I usually order nucs in the spring. This year a beebuddy has told me >about an outfit that sells 9-frame nucs. (I usually receive 4-frame ones.) >They are the same price as many four-framers, and in one case cheaper. Is >this too good to be true (she asks with typical beekeeper's skepticism)? > > >Weather report: finally warmer; amazing nothern lights > >Cheers, Jane "I bee; therefore I am." > Aw c'mon Jane - How the heck should we know??? Sure, it's *possible* that someone is selling 9-frame nucs for the same price others are selling 4-frame nucs. Some folks just aren't as strongly driven by the profit motive! The question I would ask is what is the relative strength of the nuc - ie is the 9-framer just a 4-framer with 5 extra frames of honey??? or are you really getting a good distribution of brood, pollen & honey???? I would go visit the source, get a look at the apiary, and evaluate the operation. If everything looks good, go for it!! I would also consider the convenience of the various options - do you have to drive very far to pick up your nuc??? A longer drive can easily offset the cost of the "more expensive" nuc, especially if you consider that time=money! Good luck! Rick Hough, Hamilton, MA, USA rshough@tasc.com ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 3 May 1994 14:45:58 PDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Leigh Ann Hussey Subject: "Chilly Bin" Nick writes: > chilly bin (NZ expression. Aussies call it an Isky (?). Just a > 6 pack of beer sized polystyrene container!). That's "Eskie" as in Eskimo (a brand of such coolers, as I understand it). But is that a six pack of ordinary beers, or a six pack of the Fosters/ KB "quart of oil" size lagers? ;) Cheers, - Leigh Ann --------------- Leigh Ann Hussey Leigh.Ann.Hussey@sybase.com "My working hypothesis is that bees are miniature, flying, electro-static dust mops." - Jerry Bromenshenk, UMT ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 5 May 1994 09:06:09 -0600 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Beverly Subject: bumblebees hi, I am a graduate student doing research on beeswax. I have wax from A.dorsata, A.florea, A.cerana, A.m.scutellata, and several A.mellifera subsp [- species. I would like to get some bumblebee wax to round out the study. I am finding however, that obtaining bumblebee wax is very difficult. The work that I am doing requires small amounts, so I only need about 100-200 mg of wax. If ther If there is anyone out there that knows how I can get some bumblebee wax I would love to hear from you. At this point I'm not to picky about the species, any species from the southwestern US would be great. I just might get desperate enougte enough to grab a shovel and go hunting for a nest. Thanks, Michael Beverly ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 5 May 1994 12:00:31 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: GRANT@ABRSBL.AGR.CA Subject: Re: bumblebees The Northern Agriculture Research Centre at Beaverlodge, Alberta is doing research on Bumblebees -- unfortunately we just discarded all the nest material from last year -- we could provide bumblebee wax by Sept/Oct94. ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 5 May 1994 10:56:51 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "La Reine de la Cite' des Phoques (Liz Day)" Subject: Re: bumblebees Maybe the companies that raise bumbles could send you some wax?? Liz Day University of Illinois at Chicago day@eecs.uic.edu ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 5 May 1994 11:26:55 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Oscar Iribarne Subject: REQUEST FOR REPRINTS HELP STUDENTS IN ARGENTINA I will start teaching an upper undergraduate level Ecology class at the University of Mar del Plata (Argentina), and one of the major problems is the lack of literature. Unfortunately, Argentina suffers from a stringent economic situation which has resulted in poorly furnished libraries. Due to this fact, I am requesting the help of members of this network to build a library. If you have reprints of your own work, or of others that you not longer use, you will help many students by sending them to Argentina. We will also welcome books and serial publications not longer needed in your laboratory. The University of Mar del Plata will properly acknowledge any donation. Thank you very much for your cooperation, The address is Oscar Iribarne Departamento de Biologia Fac. Cs. Exact. Nat. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Funes 3250, 7600 Mar del Plata ARGENTINA ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 5 May 1994 09:27:00 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Kerry Clark 784-2225 fax (604) 784 2299" Subject: Chilled queens Someone recently asked about the prognosis for chilled queens. I was just speaking to one of my cooperator beekeepers and got the following story, which must qualify for an apicultural "believe it or not". A beekeeper was shaking the dead bees off the combs of a colony which had died over winter, to reuse the equipment. As he was moving one of the frames which had almost no bees on it, he noticed the queen alone on the face of the comb. He touched her and she moved a leg. He took her inside and put her on the kitchen table. As she warmed up, she started walking. He got a queen cage with a few workers and put her in. Next day, she was active in the cage. He put her with a frame of bees in an observation hive. She has recovered and has produced worker brood. It was 3 deg C the morning she was found on the comb. One queen doesn't make a generality, but I thought you might not have heard a story like this. (By the way, Nick Wallingford's experience with stunted wings, which he attributed to overheating, can also occur from chilling a cell on the last couple of days before emergence. There are probably others out there with more experience with this (I thought most queen rearers had experienced it). Some background to the beekeeper and the chilled queen: The beekeeper has 55 bee colonies which were found to have Varroa. In last year's September trials, we tried different treatments for the varroa, including liquid and gelled formic acid, and Apistan, but didn't realize til end of Sept, that tracheal mites had increased well beyond the damage threshold. At the last sampling in October, mite levels were down in colonies treated with formic, but by the slicing method, bees with dead mites still show "infested" so we didn't have a very good idea of the live tracheal mite populations. 12 of the 35 trial colonies died over winter. Treatment group Oct % * % winter March % Tr. mites mortality Tr mites Apistan 59 56 37 Formic liquid 25 0 2 Control 89 86 32 Formic gel 23 0 19 ** Dust 63 28 *** 74 *** * % of 50 bees examined per colony (includes some bees with treated mites) ** this would be 8 %, except for a hive which was beside a hive 96 % infested in October, from which the bees disappeared over winter. The surviving hive ended up at 80 % infested, likely because of mites brought by bees from the dying colony. *** Since March, an additional 57 % (overall total 86 %) have died or become non-viable colonies (the queens were rescued, as in the chilled queen report). Kerry Clark, Apiculture Specialist B.C. Ministry of Agriculture 1201 103 Ave Dawson Creek B.C. V1G 4J2 CANADA Tel (604) 784-2225 fax (604) 784-2299 INTERNET KCLARK@GALAXY.GOV.BC.CA ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 5 May 1994 14:34:34 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Blair J. Sampson" Subject: Re: bumblebees In-Reply-To: <9405051506.AA00309@ag.auburn.edu> Mike, A company in Canada, called Koppert Biological Systems rear bumble bees for pollination. I believe they are located in Hull, Quebec. I'll try to dig up the number. William Verkerk is the fellow to get a hold of. He could probably give or sell you some bumble bee wax. Forever Foraging, Blair Blair J. Sampson Dept. of Entomology Auburn University, Alabama 36849-5413 U.S.A. bsampson@ag.auburn.edu ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 5 May 1994 22:08:34 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: BEELAB@ACSPR1.ACS.BROCKPORT.EDU Subject: cool bees We have been studying cooling of bees as has Harald Esch at Notre Dame. Honey bee workers go into chill coma at about 11C. They can be chilled for some time and still come "out of it" We have not purposely chiiled queens. So we are very interested if this queen reported in chill coma does lay fertile eggs or just drone eggs. Please let us know on BEE-L. Thanx ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 5 May 1994 22:16:27 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "La Reine de la Cite' des Phoques (Liz Day)" Subject: chilling bumblebees When I was in North Carolina, a friend and I wanted to take photos of some bumblebees. So we would catch one, put her in the freezer (the refrigerator wasn't cold enough to work), wait til she stopped moving, then take her back outside and put her on a grey piece of cardboard to have her picture taken. I had to position the legs with toothpicks so it would look like she was conscious. We got some very good shots, but found we only had about 2 minutes to take them before the bee was airborne again. Now I am wondering if this was such a good idea, since I might do it again. Might the bees be harmed by suddenly cooling them off to almost freezing, then warming them back up? I wouldn't want to hurt them. Liz Day University of Illinois at Chicago day@eecs.uic.edu ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 6 May 1994 10:12:20 +0100 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: POPPY Subject: Re: bumblebees In-Reply-To: <"5045 Thu May 5 16:27:48 1994"@afrc.ac.uk> Dear Michael, If you are looking at the chemistry of wax, then the wax from bumblebee honeypots will be different from that used to cover the brood. I am about to start some studies looking at bumblebee pheromones which involves incubation pheromones etc found in the waxes. I am sure that you will be able to get some wax from either a company or researcher who has bumblebee rearing facilities. Best wishes, Guy Poppy Dept Entomology/Nematology Rothamsted Experimental Station Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ UK ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 6 May 1994 09:27:00 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Kerry Clark 784-2225 fax (604) 784 2299" Subject: Re: cool bees I just checked for details with the beekeeper. The queen was put in the observation hive (5 std frames vertically) in the first week of March, with a frame of bees with some brood, in the # 2 position from the bottom. That frame has been filled with brood since, and the frame above is now also filled with brood (mostly worker, some drone cells in appropriate locations). 3 and a half frames are covered with bees. 2 queen cells have been started. Kerry Clark, Apiculture Specialist B.C. Ministry of Agriculture 1201 103 Ave Dawson Creek B.C. V1G 4J2 CANADA Tel (604) 784-2225 fax (604) 784-2299 INTERNET KCLARK@GALAXY.GOV.BC.CA ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 6 May 1994 12:50:18 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Blair J. Sampson" Subject: Re: chilling bumblebees In-Reply-To: <9405060338.AA29763@ag.auburn.edu> Liz, Cooling bees slows down their metabolism. They go into a brief period of hibernation. As long as their tissues do not freeze and the bees are well fed, they will do fine. I also found that a short blast of carbon dioxide will induce brief narcosis. The advantage of this is you reduce the bees exposure to extreme temperatures during photo op's. Blair, ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 6 May 1994 20:19:29 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Conrad Sigona Subject: Re: mites on dead bees > Greetings. I'm very interested in your message about finding live Varroa mites > on bees from a colony which was dead for 3-4 weeks! That's certainly a lot > longer than has been reported before. Are you absolutely sure that all the bees > were dead that long? They will sometimes seem so especially in cold weather when > out of contact with food. At such times the biological process almost shuts > down completely. I'm sorry to bother you if you have already answered this > question on the net, but I have been so busy the last while I have not been able > to read BEE-L or respond to your posting. No, I can't be absolutely sure. I know that the colony was close to annihilation (less than 100 live) five weeks beforehand and simply extrapolated. What I can be absolutely sure of is that they were dead for 10 days since I took the frames out of the dead hive and only checked the bees comprehensively 10 days later. The mite I found was on a bee that died with his head in the comb. Perhaps this keeps the dead bee somewhat fresher? Of all the dead bees, only 1% were found in that position. All in all, few bees had varroa. Nosema (and signs of dysentery) was widespread. I don't know about tracheal mites. How long has your experience shown that Varroa live without a live host? -- Conrad Sigona Open Systems Solutions, Inc. conrad@oss.oss.com 1-609-987-9073 ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 6 May 1994 22:16:13 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "La Reine de la Cite' des Phoques (Liz Day)" Subject: Re: chilling bumblebees I don't think CO2 is a very good idea - from what I've read, it can cause harmful changes in behavior in the bees afterwards. (can dig up refs if you need) Which is sort of why I was worried about chilling them. Liz Day University of Illinois at Chicago day@eecs.uic.edu ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 7 May 1994 07:40:55 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Diana Sammataro Subject: cool bees/varroa I am reading with interest the cool queens. It is my understanding that queens will be damaged if they are cooled WHILE A QUEEN CELL. This happens to breeders who pull off queen cells to move the the mating nucs and the cells get chilled in the process. For cool insects, read Heinrich's new Hot Blooded Insects. Regarding Varroa: work done in our lab and by Dr. Glen Needham and Dr. Bill Bruce, USDA, on water loss in mites, demonstrate that Vmites will not dry out too fast if they can feed on bee hemolymph. If the bees dry out, so do the mites, so it may be that those bees in the cells were not dry and the VM could survive there longer. When restocking dead colonies with live bees, it might be a good idea to let it dry out thoroughly to avoid this. For tracheal mites, my research shows that veg oil patties work well, if kept on the hives allthe time. Hope your bee season is fruitful. Diana Sammataro Dept Entomology 1735 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 1220 Phone: 614 292 9089 ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 7 May 1994 07:49:30 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Adam Finkelstein Subject: Re: cool bees/varroa In-Reply-To: <199405071142.AA30685@Hopper.itc.Virginia.EDU> from "Diana Sammataro" at May 7, 94 07:40:55 am Hi. May I post your bee-l letter to sci.agriculture.beekeeping? Or would you? I recommend your book often. Adam -- ================================================================================ Adam Finkelstein adamf@hopper.itc.virginia.edu adamf@vtaix.cc.vt.edu =============================================== |Bees To Please| =========== ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 7 May 1994 08:12:25 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Dave D. Cawley, a De Leon Socialist" Subject: Re: cool bees/varroa > From: Diana Sammataro > For tracheal mites, my research shows that veg oil patties work well, if kept > on the hives allthe time. My wife had an interesting thought the other day (i'll never admit it to her though)...I was talking about the veg oil patties and how they helped keep the mites down, but nobody's quite sure why. She suggested that maybe it smothered them like the stuff you put in rabbit ears when they get mites. So what do yo think? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Dave D. Cawley | If it's not worth doing, University Of Scranton | it's not worth doing right. Scranton, Pennsylvania | ddc1@jaguar.uofs.edu | -Dave Barry ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 7 May 1994 14:28:25 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Gordon L. Scott (U.K.)" <100332.3310@COMPUSERVE.COM> Subject: Carbon Dioxide; Varroa on dead bees Hi, I can't say what CO2 does for honeybees, but I know that it is extensively used on Queen Bumblebees raised for pollination because it's part of the process that it used to change the life cycle so that there are plenty of workers very early in the year for tomatos etc. under glass. If I remember correctly (maybe a breeder will confirm/deny) a combination of CO2 and chilling is used rather as one would stratify seeds before planting. I think the effect is to fool the Queens into believing winter is over. Of course, Bumblebee Queens naturally hibernate so maybe the combination is 'safe' for them? ----- I have also been assured several times that varroa only live a few days on dead bees ('definitely not more than 8', but I can't remember who said it) I occurs to me that if the bees died out due to Tracheal Mite infestation, then maybe some of the 'dead' bees could have been in that strange 'comotose' state that they get into. This may be worth investigating because if they really are living that long then we may need to rethink some of our views on the mites. A further possibility could be robbing bees bringing them in, but it seems odd that the mites would alight in a dead colony. Regards, Gordon. ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 7 May 1994 16:51:55 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Blair J. Sampson" Subject: Re: chilling bumblebees In-Reply-To: <9405070317.AA11317@ag.auburn.edu> On Fri, 6 May 1994, La Reine de la Cite' des Phoques (Liz Day) wrote: > I don't think CO2 is a very good idea - from what I've read, it > can cause harmful changes in behavior in the bees afterwards. > (can dig up refs if you need) > Which is sort of why I was worried about chilling them. > Liz Day > > University of Illinois at Chicago > day@eecs.uic.edu > I have heard that when colonies with brood are exposed to high levels of carbon dioxide, unusual behaviour can occur such as larval rejection. If you have references relating to the effects of CO2 on bumblebees, i would appreciate reading them. Thanks, Blair bsampson@ag.auburn.edu ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 7 May 1994 15:22:16 +0200 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: richard@SARA.NL Subject: Re: chilling bumblebees To Blair J. Sampson: Dear Blair, I think cooling a bee is a fairly human way of anaesthetising her. Giving her CO2 would probably also giver narcosis, but the setback is that at her present temperature her metabolism would go on without her getting any oxygen. This might kill her or at least damage part of her nervous tissue. Or do you mean that by blasting her with CO2 you would just freeze her that much faster? Then this has nothing to do with narcosis! By the way, would a dead bee be that much worse for a photo session or does this go against your conscience? Wish you lots of succes with any method, Richard van Ouwerkerk (anaesthesiologist) ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 8 May 1994 20:24:41 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "La Reine de la Cite' des Phoques (Liz Day)" Subject: Re: chilling bumblebees Dead bees don't look right when you take pictures, they look dead. It's when the bee is sort of vaguely conscious that it seems to be at its best. It sits quietly in a natural position. Liz Day U51445@uicvm.uic.edu ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 9 May 1994 13:31:12 +0300 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: nokrian rivka Subject: Re: chilling bumblebees In-Reply-To: <9405061751.AA26480@ccsg.tau.ac.il> Hi, a friend of mine, working on bees in Israel is doing just the same: i.e. shocking the bees with carbon dioxide. He says it's always succeeded and that the bees are not harmed. This method may leave you with as much as 5 minutes and can even be applied more than once. Cheers, Rivka Nokrian, Israel. On Fri, 6 May 1994, Blair J. Sampson wrote: > Liz, > Cooling bees slows down their metabolism. They go into a brief > period of hibernation. As long as their tissues do not freeze and the > bees are well fed, they will do fine. I also found that a short blast of > carbon dioxide will induce brief narcosis. The advantage of this is you > reduce the bees exposure to extreme temperatures during photo > op's. > > Blair, > ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 9 May 1994 09:39:42 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Stephen Bambara Subject: Re: cool bees/varroa In-Reply-To: <9405071228.AA23719@wolf.ces.ncsu.edu> from "Adam Finkelstein" at May 7, 94 07:49:30 am > I recommend your book often. > Adam > -- So do I! I was distressed when Kim told me that it is no longer available. I vote for a new edition, when you have the time. -- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= | Stephen Bambara NCSU-Entomology, Box 7626, Raleigh NC 27695-7626 | |=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=| | Voice: (919) 515-3140 | INTERNET: sbambara@ent.ncsu.edu | | FAX: (919) 515-7273 | | =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 9 May 1994 08:57:42 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Blair J. Sampson" Subject: Re: chilling bumblebees In-Reply-To: <9405081111.AA20068@ag.auburn.edu> CO2 has also a chilling component to it. CO2 can cause narcosis which can alter the personality of bumble bees and honey bees. They will reject their young, and Liz day mentioned loss of memory. But I give them a quick blast of CO2, but oxygen is always present in the container, so the bee quickly recovers. When you want to handle your bee for an extended period of time light CO2 anesthesia is a less stressful method then repeately cooling bees. It is important that oxygen is always present. With some of my experiments, the metabolic rate of the animals must be normal, however the animal must be inactive for examination. I must be off to class..I'll be in touch. Best Wishes Blair ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 9 May 1994 17:29:00 GMT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "David F. Verville" Subject: Test Test ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 9 May 1994 17:31:00 GMT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "David F. Verville" Subject: Test II Test II ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 9 May 1994 15:26:08 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jeffrey Young Subject: ANP Comb I converted over an existing hive (<1 year old queen) of Italians to ANP comb and started a new hive with ANP a month or so ago. Both queens are actively laying eggs and workers are bringing in pollen & nectar. One noticeable difference is that the existing hive with the 10 month old queen seems to have many more (what I assume are) drone cells. The majority of the brood cells are fairly flat while the "drone" cells have a distinct domed cap. The older hive has aprx. 50% of the capped brood cells as drones while the newer hive is more like 10% * Am I correct in my assumption that these are drone cells? * Should I consider replacing the older queen as she is kicking out a high percentage of non-worker bees? * Is it usual for a <1 year old queen to start laying so many non-worker bees? Thanks in advance for the response. jeff young - 2 hives in a Central MA backyard Jeffrey_Young.LOTUS@CRD.lotus.com ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 9 May 1994 14:01:15 -0600 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jerry J Bromenshenk Subject: Re: chilling bumblebees In-Reply-To: from "Blair J. Sampson" at May 9, 94 08:57:42 am Hi: Blair is correct about C02 and bees. EPA's bioassays for pesticides and honey bees call for the use of C02. However, too much C02 or repeated doses can induce mortality. As per Atkins, we gas them once with just enought to knock them out for less than two minutes. Much longer and you can expect to see mortality in the controls. Just a guess, but I assume bees are probably not greatly affected by gradual chilling - after all, it happens every night in some of our more northern climates. Even if the cluster is warm in the center, the bees on the outside get chilly until rolled into the center where it is warmer. Whether there is a seasonal difference in ability to sustain cold without much harm is another matter. As per mites, I don't know about varroa, but we found tracheal mites alive after 3-5 days at -80 C!!! Look for our paper... Granted, most aren't that tough, but some are. Cheers Jerry J. Bromenshenk The University of Montana jjbmail@selway.umt.edu ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 9 May 1994 21:01:37 CDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Janko Bozic Subject: Re: ANP Comb In-Reply-To: Message of Mon, 9 May 1994 15:26:08 EDT from Drone brood in ANP Comb. I would not kill the queen. May be she is O.K. Give here a normal comb. Maybe she recognises ANP comb as a drone comb. By the way, at the bottom are cells as wide as drone cells. Maybe queen doesn't recognize worker/drone cell only by the top of the cell. By, Janko ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 9 May 1994 20:45:03 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Reese Burnett Subject: Weak hive In-Reply-To: <199405100227.AA07020@halcyon.com> I am a novice beekeeper and have a hive which is weak as evidenced by very little foraging activity. I have been feeding syrup for the past four weeks and they have consumed about three quarts so far. I have not opened the hive for examination as I feel it would risk chilling them if it is a small colony. There is no external sign of illness and they were medicated with fumadil, tetramycin and Apistan strips the past fall. The foraging activity I do see includes bees bringing in pollen, which a friend believes is an indication that a queen is present in the hive. Can someone comment on this? Reese ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 9 May 1994 23:05:29 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Jim G. Shoemaker" Subject: Re: Weak hive In-Reply-To: <9405100346.AA05924@ozarks.sgcl.lib.mo.us> Hello Reese: If the bees are foraging I would suggest that it is warm enough to open and inspect the hive. Inspection will tell you if you have enough bees to be a viable colony or if you need to introduce additional bees or brood to the hive. Jim Shoemaker Brookline, MO USA ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 10 May 1994 10:41:11 +0100 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jean-Marie Van Dyck Subject: Re: Weak hive Hi Reese ... On Mon, 9 May 1994 20:45:03 -0700 Reese Burnett asked ... > I am a novice beekeeper and have a hive which is weak as evidenced by > very little foraging activity. I have been feeding syrup for the past > four weeks and they have consumed about three quarts so far. I have > not opened the hive for examination as I feel it would risk chilling > them if it is a small colony. There is no external sign of illness and > they were medicated with fumadil, tetramycin and Apistan strips the > past fall. > The foraging activity I do see includes bees bringing in pollen, which a > friend believes is an indication that a queen is present in the hive. Can > someone comment on this? > Reese On Mon, 9 May 1994 23:05:29 -0500 Jim G. Shoemaker advised to visit > Hello Reese: > If the bees are foraging I would suggest that it is warm enough to open > and inspect the hive. Inspection will tell you if you have enough bees > to be a viable colony or if you need to introduce additional bees or > brood to the hive. > Jim Shoemaker Okay Jim, rapid inspection could be made at this time. When you have feed a colony to increase his activity, don't forget that eggs layed by the queen will give foragers only the next month : you must wait 30-40 days to *see* the outer difference. N.B. With the *view frame* from PASCHKE I speak about earlier you can see the inner difference without to open the hive ! Jean-Marie jmvandyck@quick.cc.fundp.ac.be ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 10 May 1994 09:40:29 PDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jane Beckman Subject: Re: Weak hive If the bees are bringing in pollen, this is a good sign. They need pollen to raise brood. It may be their numbers are down after a hard winter, and they need to raise a good amount of brood to be able to do reasonable foraging. I'd open the hive on a nice day and check on the brood. Jane Beckman [jane@swdc.stratus.com] ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 10 May 1994 15:25:41 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Malcolm (Tom) Sanford, Florida Extension Apiculturist" Subject: May issue of APIS Distributed to: USR:[MTS]INTERNET.DIS;19 2FILENAME: MAYAPIS.94 Florida Extension Beekeeping Newsletter Apis--Apicultural Information and Issues (ISSN 0889-3764) Volume 12, Number 5, May 1994 SCOTT YOCOM DIES It is with a great deal of sadness and regret that I report the death of Dr. Scott Yocom. Many of the readers of these pages knew Scott well. He attended several beekeepers institutes held in Florida and also gave presentations to many beekeeping associations around the state. In recognition of his research efforts on both tracheal and Varroa mites, he was presented the very first Florida State Beekeeper Association's Researcher of the Year Award. He recently was awarded his Ph.D. in Entomology for work on how mites affect honey bees. Beyond his activities with the beekeeping industry, Scott had a broad range of interests. He was an accomplished artist, who also helped the local community by being involved in establishing the Art and Healing Program at Shands Hospital in Gainesville. He served in many other capacities, including president of the Graphics and Scientific Illustrators Association and vice-president of the Gainesville Orchid Society. As a graduate student in the Department of Entomology and Nematology, Scott was deeply involved in the student organization, ENSO. He helped this group in many ways, including raising money by selling honey, planning trips and winning contests held under the auspices of the Entomological Society of America. During a memorial service for Scott in Gainesville, it was emphasized that he was people oriented. It can truthfully be said he touched many lives. I will certainly miss his optimistic, energy-filled presence, and the Florida beekeeping industry will also be poorer for his absence. MORE ON FLUVALINATE As I said in the January, 1994 APIS, Dr. Yaacov Lensky's remarks on fluvalinate drew a varied response. Some suggested he, and by extension I, was advocating unregistered and illegal use of fluvalinate in the United States. This is not true, as clearly stated in the March issue of this newsletter. Others charged that Dr. Lensky had no data to back up his controversial ideas. However, he was repeating much of what he, along with Yossi Slabezki and Hani Gal, published in "The Effect of Fluvalinate Application in Bee Colonies on Population Levels of Varroa jacobsoni and Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.) and on Residues in Honey and Wax," Bee Science, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 189-195, October 1991. In that paper, the authors conducted several experiments with fluvalinate-soaked plywood inserts in Israel. They compared colonies treated only six weeks versus those treated from six to eight months, and measured the results in terms of subsequent bee populations, honey production and fluvalinate residues in wax and honey. The authors stated that Varroa was effectively controlled using both short- and long-term treatments, but there were more mites left after the six-week period than in colonies treated longer. Although there were no significant differences between resultant populations treated by either treatment, those colonies exposed to fluvalinate for a shorter time period generally made more honey. No residues of fluvalinate in honey were found in colonies treated six weeks, but for those in the six- to eight- month window, the level exceeded 0.05 parts per million. In wax, larger residues were detected in both treatments. The authors also found that adequate mite control was achieved by placing inserts either on the bottomboard or inside the brood nest. They, therefore, recommended the former procedure because it avoids inserts being in contact with wax and is less labor intensive. The above results thus led to Dr. Lensky's statements expressed in the January issue of this newsletter about placement of inserts, and treatment with fluvalinate at too high levels for too long. His overriding concern was possible effects of fluvalinate buildup in a honey bee colony. As the authors concluded in the above article: "The undesirable effects of long- term treatment with fluvalinate clearly warn beekeepers who leave fluvalinate inserts in hives longer than the recommended treatment period. While a beekeeper may feel that extended treatment might provide prolonged protection from Varroa mites, our data indicate that it will result in reduced honey yields and honey and beeswax contamination at levels above established tolerances." HONEY BEES AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION Several recent discussions across the Internet (see subsequent article on the information superhighway) about bee-collected propolis and pollen have concluded that honey bees are excellent samplers of their environment. This has both good and bad aspects according to one of the pioneers in the field, Dr. Jerry Bromenshenk, University of Montana. Here are his "take home" messages concerning these insects as environmental monitors: 1. Honey bees serve as multi-media samplers that average the concentrations of pollutants over time and throughout large spatial areas. Bees sample contaminants in all forms - gaseous, liquid, particulate - and can detect chemicals in their surroundings at levels often difficult, if not impossible, to detect using more conventional approaches - i.e., instrumentation. 2. Most of the contamination (at least as indicated by the concentrations measured) ends up in the bees themselves and in pollen. Some chemicals concentrate in wax, especially the lipophilic ones. As a consequence, beekeepers should refrain from letting bees collect and consume pollen in industrial areas, near highways, chemical plants, or a local nuclear reactor. 3. Except for tritium or other special elements, levels of contaminants in honey will be the same order of magnitude or lower than those found in bees, pollen, and some wax samples. Even when contaminated, therefore, honey is as good or better than most food products. 4. Propolis, like wax, can contain high levels of contaminants, but levels often change dramatically from one date to the next, much more than in bees or pollen. 5. Given the bees' affinity to filter contaminants out of the environment and bring them back to the hive, putting untested chemicals into hives (for example, to try to control mites) poses a very serious risk of contamination for the hive and its products. 6. Beekeepers should take the attitude that monitoring environmental contamination by their bees is a valuable new service that they can provide. Public reception and support of this concept has been good. EDUCATIONAL EVENTS The demise of the Beekeepers Institute last year led to the rise of a successful beekeeping seminar in Florida's panhandle. The organizers are planning a longer event this year. The dates are September 9 and 10. The program will begin around noon on Friday and go through Saturday. Participant costs are estimated at $45.00, $55.00 for those spending the night. The site is Blackwater State Forest Training Center. Further information is available from Bill Overman, President, Escarosa Beekeepers Association, 9801 Lyman Dr., Pensacola, FL 32534, ph 904/478-7690. The summer will see the traditional meeting of the Eastern Apicultural Society in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, July 11-15. This will include the annual short course with two tracks (intermediate/beginning beekeeping and the business of keeping bees). Individual cost is $410.00, including dues, registration, room, meals, picnic and banquet). Registering for the short course is $80.00. For more information, contact Joe Duffy, 309 Clivden St., Glenside, PA 19038, ph 717/885-1681 or Maryann Frazier, Dept. of Entomology, 501 ASI Bldg., University Park, PA 16802, ph 814/865-4621. The 1994 Georgia Beekeeping Institute will meet June 17-18 at Young Harris College in Young Harris, GA. Room rates are $16.00 per person per night and early bird (before June 3) registration is $30.00 for two days. For more information, contact Mrs. Tracy Coker, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, ph 706/542-8954. SLOW POLLEN BEES Ooops! Alert readers of last month's APIS saw that the hornfaced bee was reported to work at a frenetic pace: visiting 15 flowers per day. That should have been 15 flowers per minute! DRIZZLE AND DAZZLE WITH HONEY The National Honey Board has just released a new promotional folder available in quantity to beekeepers who want to help their customers. The three-color, eight-panel brochure is a collection of quick and easy tips for adding honey to dressings, desserts, drinks, sauces and spreads. Recipes vary from broiled bananas to lemonade and Dijon tarragon sauce. The cover says it all: "It's easy to drizzle, to dabble, to sizzle, to dazzle--use honey." A free sample of this pamphlet is available from Make Magic in Minutes, The National Honey Board, 421 21st Ave. #203, Longmont, CO 80501-1421, ph 800/553-7162. Multiple copies can be had for $0.15 each. THE INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY (INTERNET) The Information Superhighway, sometimes called the Internet, has recently been getting lots of press. And it is trying to get up to speed, but still has a way to go. Like many roadways, it can be full of narrow lanes under construction and care must be taken that all communities are served. The APIS newsletter, available electronically across the Internet, has been a pioneer publication in this electronic delivery system. It is featured in the new booklet, 51 Reasons: How We Use the Internet and What it Says About the Information Superhighway. This publication will be distributed by the publisher, FARNET, Inc., as part of a major effort to familiarize elected officials about the educational potential of the National Information Infrastructure (NII). Dr. Jim Tew, Federal Extension Leader in Apiculture, in association with the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC) computing center, has recently set up a suite of services on the Internet to help the beekeeping community keep up with informational changes. An anonymous ftp (file transfer protocol) center has been established at the host (sun1.oardc.ohio- state.edu). On this computer, one can find an extensive list of files which can be accessed by computer. Recently, the information is being delivered on another provider called a "gopher." For those knowledgeable about this system, the gopher bookmark is: Name=Bees and Beekeeping Type=1 Port=70 Path=1/bioag/bee-info Host=sun1.oardc.ohio-state.edu Information at the above host or site is found in the Bees and Beekeeping menu under Agricultural Resources. As the announcement for this service says, "Point your gopher client to sun1.oardc.ohio-state.edu (port 70) and enjoy!" An index and the last two years' worth of APIS are also available at the above gopher under the topic, Bees and Beekeeping newsletters. The Cooperative Extension Service publications at this site and the APIS newsletters are full-text searchable. There is an important caveat, however, as the announcement further states: "Please be warned that this gopher server and its menus are still 'under construction'. Please feel free to let us know (postmaster@sun1.oardc.ohio-state.edu) if you like what you see, or if you have suggestions for enhancements/improvements..." A new beekeeping group has recently been added to the USENET database which is also allied with the information superhighway. It is called "sci.agriculture.beekeeping." This service is in the process of adding frequently asked questions (FAQs) about beekeeping and is also being monitored by the computerized beekeeping bulletin board, WildBees BBS (dataline 209/826-8107), run by Andy Nachbaur (Andy.Nachbaur@beenet.com on the Internet). Finally, the BEE-L network (BEE-L@ALBNYVM1.BITNET), a version of what is known as a LISTSERV on the superhighway, continues to be frequented by apiculturists and others. A description of this information resource, along with availability of other computer programs, was published in July, 1993 in the paper, "Electronic Delivery of Apicultural Information," BeeScience, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 10-15, authored by myself, T.R. Fasulo and J.C. Medley here at the University of Florida. I will gladly mail a reprint of this paper to anyone upon request. Sincerely, Malcolm T. Sanford Bldg 970, Box 110620 University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611-0620 Phone (904) 392-1801, Ext. 143 FAX: 904-392-0190 BITNET Address: MTS@IFASGNV INTERNET Address: MTS@GNV.IFAS.UFL.EDU ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 11 May 1994 09:19:27 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Diana Sammataro Subject: observation hives Help: I am giving a talk in Dec. ESA in Dallas on using observation hives as a teaching tool. I have a few slides and will take more this summer but I would like to see if anyone of you out there have some good slides of using OH's in classrooms or other illustrations. If you do and want to share them, please contact me direct for arrangements. Thanks in advance Diana Sammataro dsammata@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 11 May 1994 09:14:53 CST6CDT Reply-To: Bajema@dordt.edu Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Duane H. Bajema" Organization: Dordt College Subject: Package bee suppliers I have had a less than pleasant experience with a supplier of package bees. I do not want to name the company, but I would like to find out from those people on the list if anyone knows of a listing or an accrediting organization that evaluates package bee suppliers. It would be helpful to know what kind of an organization that you are dealing with before you place an order. In my situation, I am looking at a paid invoice that indicated that shipment of my 10 packages would occur on the week of 4-4-94. Repeated phone calls (over 30 attempts over various days) obtain only busy signals which leads me to beleive that a phone is intentionally off the hook. I have become very frustrated. Is there any way that I could have avoided this problem? Any suggestions for a remedy? ------------------------------------------------------------ Duane H. Bajema e-mail bajema@dordt.edu Agriculture Department 712/722-6275 office Dordt College 712/722-1198 FAX Sioux Center, IA 51250 ------------------------------------------------------------ ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 11 May 1994 23:50:45 +0000 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology Comments: E: RFC822 "local part" (username) containing a blank was encountered. These usernames are not presently supported. From: Undetermined origin c/o Postmaster Subject: bee rearing I am presently involved in a project to study possible impacts of microbial pesticides on non-target organisms in Brazil. We are interested on evaluating possible effects of those pesticides on honey-bees. For that evaluation, we are trying to maintain approximately 30 bees in captivity (box of ca. 12x12x5 cm) for at least 25 days. We are following methodology described in a few papers we have seen. However, we are unable to maintain those insects alive in those conditions for more than 2-3 days. Could anyone help us with that problem. Thank you very much. gmoraes@bdt.ftpt.br [B [B [B [B [B ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 12 May 1994 01:15:13 +0000 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology Comments: Resent-From: gmoraes@ftpt.br (Gilberto Moraes) Comments: Originally-From: Mailer-Daemon@ftpt.br (Mail Delivery Subsystem) From: Gilberto Moraes Subject: Returned mail: User unknown ----- Transcript of session follows ----- Connected to ccvax.unicamp.br: >>> RCPT To: <<< 553 bad address syntax: gilberto@cnpda.embrapa.br gilberto@cnpda.embrapa.ansp.br 550 ... User unknown ----- Unsent message follows ----- Return-Path: Received: from bdt.ftpt.br by arara.ftpt.br (4.1/SMI-4.1) id AA03668; Wed, 11 May 94 23:49:45 EST Message-Id: <9405120249.AA03668@arara.ftpt.br> From: gmoraes@ftpt.br (Gilberto Moraes) Date: Wed, 11 May 1994 23:50:45 +0000 X-Mailer: Mail User's Shell (7.2.5 10/14/92) To: bee-l@albany.edu Subject: bee rearing Cc: gilberto@cnpda.embrapa.br gilberto@cnpda.embrapa.ansp.br I am presently involved in a project to study possible impacts of microbial pesticides on non-target organisms in Brazil. We are interested on evaluating possible effects of those pesticides on honey-bees. For that evaluation, we are trying to maintain approximately 30 bees in captivity (box of ca. 12x12x5 cm) for at least 25 days. We are following methodology described in a few papers we have seen. However, we are unable to maintain those insects alive in those conditions for more than 2-3 days. Could anyone help us with that problem. Thank you very much. gmoraes@bdt.ftpt.br [B [B [B [B [B ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 13 May 1994 15:27:29 CDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Rich Pelikan Subject: veg patties In-Reply-To: In reply to your message of FRI 06 MAY 1994 22:40:55 CDT > > For tracheal mites, my research shows that veg oil patties work well, if kept > on the hives allthe time. > > Diana Sammataro Diana how do you make the patties, and how do you use them? Richard A. Pelikan, A275CCR Southeast Missouri State University BITNET: A275CCR@SEMOVM INTERNET: A275CCR@SEMOVM.SEMO.EDU ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 13 May 1994 20:53:15 -0600 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jerry J Bromenshenk Subject: Re: bee rearing In-Reply-To: from "Undetermined origin c/o Postmaster" at May 11, 94 11:50:45 pm Hi: I am on my way to a plane to Washington, D.C. to discuss new methods of examining the effects of microbial insecticides on honey bees. I can help when I get back in a week. Basically, I believe your problem is that the protocols published and/or handed out are always incomplete. There are lots of little technique tricks that are never detailed. I know, we found out the hard way. If you can't even get going, I suspect you are stressing your bees when you collect them, either by shaking or vacuuming them from field hives or letting them emerge from brood frames in incubators. Expect some initial die off, we usually wait 24 hrs before picking the bees to be used in the tests. However, we have kept bees alive for up to 3 weeks with no more than an 8-10% mortality. As far as testing microbial insecticides, beware of transferring assays used for chemical pesticides without asking whether the test is reasonable. Remember, MPCAs may affect a stadium other than the adult stage. Effects may be delayed by several weeks (e.g., fungi), and ultimately it is the affect on the colony homeostasis as well as other aspects of structure and function that is important. Also, microbial pathogens may be self-propagating -- and exotic or engineered forms should not be released into the environment until all testing has been completed and the decision made as to whether it can safely be released. We do ALL of our testing in a microbial containment module. Send me a personal message, and we can continue to talk about the details and why you may be having problems. I will be back on the net after the 20th. Jerry Bromenshenk The University of Montana jjbmail@selway.umt.edu ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 16 May 1994 13:38:00 GMT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "David F. Verville" Subject: Swarm Season The swarming season has started here in New England. I was lucky (or unlucky, which ever side your on) to have witness the entire event! ============================================================================== | David F Verville | Good young queens. | | Hobbist in the big small town of | Plenty of food. | | Plaistow, NH | Plenty of room. | | mvdfv@mvtowers.att.com | | ============================================================================== ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 16 May 1994 11:58:00 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Daniel Toshach Subject: Rookie Request for info. I'm new to the Bee 'Biz' and have a few questions. I'm also new to this forum, having just subscribed this morning, so if this is not the place to ask these questions please forgive me. On 5/7 I received and installed two 3# packages of bees in my two hives, I have never been in an apiary other than my own and these are the first bees to join me. Last Saturday I opened the hives for the first time and removed the queen cages. I looked for evidence of an active queen i.e. eggs in the cells, but did not see any. I also could not find the queen. Neither of these have me to concerned since I realy don't know what I'm looking for. At this point I'm assuming that everything is all right. Is there any sure fire easy way to determine if the queens is present. I don't want to live with my assumtion for to long! Thanks, Dan Toshach Hobbies for Manchester, Mi. Daniel.Toshach@nt.com ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 16 May 1994 11:28:32 CST6CDT Reply-To: Bajema@dordt.edu Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Duane H. Bajema" Organization: Dordt College Subject: trouble with package bee supplier I want to update the list regarding my experience with a package bee supplier. On May 11, I shared with the list a frustrating experience. I had a receipt in front of me indicating that 10 packages of bees would be sent on April 4. I had attempted over 30 phone calls on various days at different times of the day with the result that I was able to get through only once to a secretary who was apologetic but assured me that bees would be sent. The bees were not sent. I did not name the supplier. I received responses from five people. They all asked me if the supplier was indeed a specific company. They had had similar experiences with the specific company or knew of someone who did. Two people recommended going public with the name of the company plus I received advice to call Kim Flottum. Kim was very helpful and understanding and offered to mediate for me. That was on May 12. This morning, May 16, my packages arrived! I am not totally satisfied (because of the late date to receive the packages), but I am relieved. There is still a concern. I am reluctant to go public with the company name since I would like to handle this situation in a professional manner. My understanding from those who responded to me, this company has a notariety, and apparently other people have suffered from similar experiences with the company. It is my desire and the desire of people who responded to my posting that others do not fall victim to a similar situation with the company in question. I again raise the question of the wisdom of establishing an accrediting format? How can purchasers of equipment and bees be offered some protection? I would also appreciate some input on the wisdom of going public with the specific name of a company. I would like to see one person volunteer to receive all complaints that may have occurred this year and attempt to make an evaluation of bee suppliers. Maybe one of the bee publications can be of service to the industry by serving as a clearing house. Any ideas would be welcomed. ------------------------------------------------------------ Duane H. Bajema e-mail bajema@dordt.edu Agriculture Department 712/722-6275 office Dordt College 712/722-1198 FAX Sioux Center, IA 51250 ------------------------------------------------------------ ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 16 May 1994 09:39:00 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Kerry Clark 784-2225 fax (604) 784 2299" Subject: Re: Rookie Request for info. Hello Dan, welcome to the list I assume when you removed the queen cages, the queens were left in the hive. The cages containing queens in packages usually have to be opened by hand to release the queen (the other way is a candy plug which allows the bees to release the queen themselves, but that type is not usually used in packages because the bees could release the queen before the package arrives). Anyway, assuming the queen is in the hive, she should lay eggs within a day. Eggs are laid in a large oval patch in the centre of the area occupied by the bees In 3 days those first eggs would hatch to larvae (about the same size as the eggs), which in 5 days will grow to pearly white larvae almost filling the cells. The cells are then capped with a slightly fibrous, brown waxy cover. The eggs laid on May 8th would be in that condition now. The queen would have continued to lay eggs on subsequent days and the earlier stages should also be present. There should be brood patches at least 8 inches across by now, in the center of the central frames occupied by the bees. 3 weeks from the date eggs were laid, the bees will start to emerge from the cells, and the adult bee population will grow. Good luck Kerry Clark, Apiculture Specialist B.C. Ministry of Agriculture 1201 103 Ave Dawson Creek B.C. V1G 4J2 CANADA Tel (604) 784-2225 fax (604) 784-2299 INTERNET KCLARK@GALAXY.GOV.BC.CA ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 16 May 1994 15:52:00 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Adam Finkelstein Subject: Accessing Usenet (long) Hi, here is some information on how to read usenet news and obtain usenet access. The information is put together FAQ style and credit is given by .signature file. As with anything you read on the net, this information might help you, it might not, but "your mileage may vary." Good luck, Hope to see you in sci.agriculture.beekeeping and other usenet groups! Sincerely, Adam ================================================================================ Adam Finkelstein adamf@hopper.itc.virginia.edu adamf@vtaix.cc.vt.edu =============================================== |Bees To Please| =========== There are two basic ways to access news, one is when your system locally spools (stores) the news articles themselves on the local machine. The other (and often more frequent) way is to have one machine at a site spool news and make those spools available by 'nntp' (network news transport protocol) news reader programs can be setup to access the news by either method usually. No matter how your site handles news, you _could_ always get some program sources, build your own news reader configured to use NNTP and 'point' the resulting program(s) towards a 'public' NNTP server. You'll find these from place to place, kind of like a 'gif' ftp site. There may be a list in one of the access or bbs or similar newsgroups. However, the preferred method is to email your system administrator and ask for the group to be added. S.A.B. is a legitimate USENET newsgroup (only certainly hierarchies are actually 'USENET' per se) and is in a 'serious' hierarchy as well. (i.e. sci, not rec) so it should be relatively easy to have the group added thus giving everyone the benefit and avoiding such anti-social behavior as building your versions of software already on the system. There are also often mailing lists that 'echo' or duplicate a newsgroup and make that available to people with mail only. -- _____________________________________________________________________________ \ \ / Jon Gefaell, Computer Systems Engineer | Amateur Radio, KD4CQY \/\/ Community Internetwork Research & Development | -Will chmod for Food- \/ The University of Virginia, Charlottesville | Hacker@Virginia.EDU ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Jon Gefaell's Home Page From: lesikar@tigger.stcloud.msus.edu (arnold v. lesikar) Subject: Re: NNTP info Feel free to use whatever you need! ____ PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE NEWS SERVERS (Last Update 3/14/94) Many sites seem to have closed down since my last update. :( Currently only one U.S. site still remains accessible. I am sorry about that people, but I have no control over how the site administrators decide to run their servers. We have lost several Gopher news sites as well, but still 29 sites remain that provide news service through Gopher. (NOTE: 3/24/94 - the last U.S. site has just closed. You can try sol.ctr.columbia.edu, but I am told that this site allows only 15 connections at one time. In fact I have never succeeded in connecting to it. Reportedly it does allow posting.) These sites have been found to be available to the general public for NNTP service through port 119. You will need Newsreader software to make use of these sites. These sites were found to be open at the time they were surveyed, but I make no guarantees about future access. News administrators are free to close off sites to the public at any time. I will remove any site from this list that asks to be removed. I have not surveyed what is available at each of these sites. Please do not overload these sites looking for pornography. The administrators of these sites have been notified about this list, and they are unlikely to make prurient material available to the public. PLEASE REMEMBER THAT YOU ARE A GUEST IN MAKING USE OF THESE FACILITIES. The news adminstrators who support open access to the Usenet News are voluntarily doing a service for the public. PLEASE SHOW GRATITUDE FOR THEIR EFFORTS BY NOT ABUSING THE ACCESS THAT IS PROVIDED! Please remember also that you can also use Gopher to access the Usenet news. After the list of news servers, I have included bookmarks for sites that provide access through Gopher for reading the news. - arnold v. lesikar lesikar@tigger.stcloud.msus.edu news.belwue.de, 129.143.2.4 (read only) news.fu-berlin.de, 130.133.4.250 (posting OK) news.uni-hohenheim.de, 144.41.2.4 (read only) news.uni-stuttgart.de, 129.69.8.13 SEE NOTICE BELOW! newsserver.rrzn.uni-hannover.de, 130.75.2.1 (posting OK) nic.belwue.de, 129.143.2.4 (read only) shakti.ncst.ernet.in, 144.16.1.1 (posting OK) Notice from the news administration of news.uni-stuttgart.de [please note the access policy & information below] - allows *read-only* access on port 119, - anon-nfs access to news.uni-stuttgart.de:/news and news.uni-stuttgart.de:/news/spool/news and, finally, to news.uni-stuttgart.de:/news/archive [our news archive]. - telnet access: rusinfo.rus.uni-stuttgart.de, login info, select menu item 1 (shell access), and to change to /pub/soft/comm/news/. cd spool/news for the spool dir, look around to watch a full-blown news server running 8-) - anon-ftp access: ftp info2.rus.uni-stuttgart.de:/pub/comm/news/*, same tree as via telnet access. - ftpmail access: ftpmail@info2.rus.uni-stuttgart.de, same as ftp access above - fsp access: info2.rus.uni-stuttgart.de, port 21, directory /comm/news - X.25 access (now, thats it ! 8-) to NUA (WIN, Datex-P): 0262 45050 367111 NUA (EuropaNet): 0204 3623 367111 - There is some way for decnet access. I don't know how this works. Good luck ! (quick'n'dirty) access policy: news.uni-stuttgart.de is a RS6000 with 128 MB RAM, FDDI interface, and a few Gigabytes disk (10, soon 15 8-). Its also our campus anon-ftp server. Its running inn-1.4. There are a few special hierarchies (e.g. russian, japanese, french etc), but no alt.binaries.pictures.erotica.*, alt.sex.* and some other groups the university administration was not able to allow, please don't waste your time trying. Do not abuse this service. If You want to use our nntp service on a regular basis, please contact news-adm@news.uni-stuttgart.de so that we *know* who You are and why You use our server. This helps us to defend the open access policy [and we've seen hard times ...]. We will disable any domain without further notice if we have problems with it. -------------------------- BOOKMARKS TO SITES PROVIDING GOPHER ACCESS TO USENET. You can edit this list and include whatever parts are of interest in the bookmark file for your Gopher client. Alternatively you can point your client directly at the site. On a UNIX system, for example, you could point your Gopher client at the La Tech Usenet site with the command gopher -p '1/Usenet News' aurora.engr.latech.edu 70. The general format for the command in Unix is gopher -p 'PATH' host_name port# You cannot post news articles via Gopher. However, it is possible to post news articles by mail through the University of Texas. You must remember in using this service that the periods in the newsgroup name are all changed to hyphens. So, to post an article to the newsgroup "alt.beer," for example, you would e-mail your article to the following address: alt-beer@cs.utexas.edu. To post to the newsgroup "comp.os.vms," you would e-mail to comp-os-vms@cs.utexas.edu. # Type=1 Name=USENET News (from Lousisiana Tech) Path=1/Usenet News Host=aurora.latech.edu Port=70 # Type=1 Name=USENET News (from Michigan State University) Path=nntp Host=gopher.msu.edu Port=4320 # Type=1 Name=USENET News (from Walla Walla College) Path=news Host=saturn.wwc.edu Port=4320 # Type=1 Name=USENET News (San Diego Supercomputer Center) Path=1/News/Usenet Host=milo.sdsc.edu Port=70 # Type=1 Name=USENET News (from University of Wyoming) Path=nntp Host=rodeo.uwyo.edu Port=71 # Type=1 Name=USENET News (from Los Alamos) Path=nntp Host=info-server.lanl.gov Port=4320 # Type=1 Name=USENET News (from Florida State) Path=nntp Host=gopher.fsu.EDU Port=4320 [3/31/94 - Florida State site reported CLOSED] # Type=1 Name=Usenet News (from Universite Catholique de Louvain) Path=1/info.sc/tech/srv.ext/news Host=ifdh.sc.ucl.ac.be Port=70 # Type=1 Name=USENET News (from Tampere University of Technology, Finland) Path=nntp Host=butler.cc.tut.fi Port=6671 # Type=1 Name=USENET News (from Hannover Uni, Germany) Path=nntp Host=newsserver.rrzn.uni-hannover.de Port=4320 # Type=1 Name=Usenet News Reader (University of Manchester) Path=nntp Host=info.mcc.ac.uk Port=4320 # Type=1 Name=USENET News (Osnabruek Uni, Germany) Path=nntp Host=gopher.rz.uni-osnabrueck.de Port=4320 # Type=1 Name=Usenet News (from Erlangen Uni, Germany) Path=nntp Host=cd4680fs.rrze.uni-erlangen.de Port=4320 # Type=1 Name=Usenet News (from Universite du Quebec a Montreal) Path=nntp Host=infopub.uqam.ca Port=4320 # Type=1 Name=USENET News (University of Canberra, Australia) Path=nntp Host=services.canberra.edu.au Port=4320 # Type=1 Name=USENET News (from Cranfield Institute of Technology, UK) Path=nntp Host=gopher.cranfield.ac.uk Port=4324 # Type=1 Name=Usenet News (from Birmingham University, UK) Path=1/Usenet Host=gopher.bham.ac.uk Port=70 # Type=1 Name=Usenet News (from Technische Universitaet Clausthal, Germany) Path=1/Internet/News Host=solaris.rz.tu-clausthal.de Port=70 # Type=1 Name=USENET News (Internat'l Centre for Theoret. Physics, Trieste) Path=1/news Host=gopher.ictp.trieste.it Port=70 # Type=1 Name=USENET News (from Tartu University, Taiwan) Path=nntp Host=gopher.ccu.edu.tw Port=4320 # Type=1 Name=USENET News (from Universitaet Linz, Austria) Path=nntp Host=gopher.edvz.uni-linz.ac.at Port=4320 # Type=1 Name=Usenet News (Prague University of Economics, Czech Republic) Path=1/news Host=pub.vse.cz Port=70 # Type=1 Name=USENET News (from Rhodes University, South Africa) Path=nntp Host=gopher.ru.ac.za Port=4324 # Type=1 Name=USENET News (from University of New South Wales, Australia) Path=nntp Host=usage.csd.unsw.OZ.AU Port=4320 # Type=1 Name=USENET News (Universitat Jaume I, Spain) Path=nntp Host=gopher.uji.es Port=4320 # Type=1 Name=USENET news (from Palacky University, Czech Republic) Path=nntp Host=risc.upol.cz Port=4320 # Type=1 Name=USENET NEWS (from Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Spain) Path=.news/ Host=mirzam.ccc.upv.es Port=70 # Type=1 Name=NETNEWS (from osiris.wu-wien.ac.at) Path=1/.nn Host=olymp.wu-wien.ac.at Port=70 ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 16 May 1994 15:58:01 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Adam Finkelstein Subject: Usenet information: new users Summary: This article gives some general hints to help you find an appropriate place to post on a given topic, and gives pointers to some available resources. A few other new-user topics are also addressed, mostly through pointers to other FAQs. Keywords: newusers help newsgroups resources newbie news There are thousands of Usenet newsgroups, and it is sometimes difficult to find the right newsgroup to ask a question or start a discussion. This document gives some general methods of finding the right newsgroup or mailing list for a topic. Resources for new Usenet users Things that should not be posted to Usenet Finding the right newsgroup Crossposting to multiple newsgroups Choosing a good Subject: header Finding FAQs and other Periodical Postings Finding public mailing lists Starting a new Usenet newsgroup About this post Appendix: Anonymous FTP Subject: Resources for new Usenet users If you are new to Usenet, you should probably read the posts in news.announce.newusers (n.a.n.) -- if they are not available in your newsreader, they also available by anonymous FTP (see below) in rtfm.mit.edu:/pub/usenet/news.announce.newusers/ A few that are most likely to be immediately helpful are: A_Primer_on_How_to_Work_With_the_Usenet_Community Answers_to_Frequently_Asked_Questions_about_Usenet Emily_Postnews_Answers_Your_Questions_on_Netiquette Hints_on_writing_style_for_Usenet Introduction_to_the_*.answers_newsgroups Rules_for_posting_to_Usenet What_is_Usenet? Another place you can look for helpful postings, or post general questions, is the group news.newusers.questions. Some of the useful articles regularly posted there are: Anonymous_FTP:_Frequently_Asked_Questions_(FAQ)_List FAQ:_How_to_find_people_s_E-mail_addresses FAQ:_International_E-mail_accessibility Internet_Services_Frequently_Asked_Questions_&_Answers_(FAQ) Welcome_to_news.newusers.questions!_(weekly_posting) rn_KILL_file_FAQ Subject: Things that should not be posted to Usenet 1) Requests for help with your local system or software When posting requests for help to Usenet, remember two things: people on your local machine can probably help you better and faster, and people on the Net do not know what your local configuration and problems are. You should always try to access local help (the 'man' command on Unix systems), or sending mail to your system maintainers/consultants (try 'usenet', 'news', or 'postmaster' on most Unix systems), before sending your question out to hundreds of thousands of people. Usenet news is not centrally controlled or distributed. It trickles around from one machine to another, at varying speeds. The rate at which news gets to your system, and the order of the articles you see, are determined by the way your system and its neighbors handle news. 2) Commercial Advertisements Some of the University networks connected to the InterNet prohibit using their bandwidth for commercial advertising. In addition, most Usenet users strongly disapprove of business advertising in non-business-related groups. In particular, anything that looks like a pyramid scheme or chain letter will draw floods of critical e-mail to both you and your machine administrators. Posting about a few items for sale, or a job opening, in an appropriate newsgroup (such as misc.forsale.* or misc.jobs.*) is OK; posting an ad for your business is probably not. See also: Subject: Finding the right newsgroup To find what groups are relevant for your subject, you might search through your local list of newsgroups (your .newsrc file on most Unix systems; use the command grep .newsrc), to see which group names seem related. Then subscribe to those groups, and look at some of the recent traffic, to make sure that your question is suitable for the group. (For example, questions about Microsoft Windows belong in comp.os.ms-windows.*, not comp.windows.*) [The asterisk, '*', means multiple objects (here, groups) are referenced.] On some systems, your .newsrc file won't contain the names of newsgroups you haven't subscribed to. In that case, read the documentation for your newsreader to find out how to add newsgroups, and use the methods mentioned below to find out the names of groups that might be available on your system. On some systems, the 'newsgroups' command will show you a file containing a one-line description of the purpose of each newsgroup (the newsgroups file), or longer descriptions of the purpose and contents of each newsgroup (the newsgroup charters.) Ask your local news administrator if these resources are available on your system. For widely-distributed newsgroups, you can also find the one-line descriptions in the following n.a.n postings: List_of_Active_Newsgroups,_Part_I List_of_Active_Newsgroups,_Part_II Alternative_Newsgroup_Hierarchies,_Part_I Alternative_Newsgroup_Hierarchies,_Part_II The 'List' posts describe newsgroups in the comp, misc, news, rec, soc, sci, and talk hierarchies. The 'Alt' posts describe newsgroups in the alt, bionet, bit, biz, clarinet, gnu, hepnet, ieee, inet, info, k12, relcom, u3b, and vmsnet hierarchies. They will not describe groups that are available only in your region or institution. (These posts also available in garbo.uwasa.fi:/pc/doc-net/newsgrps.zip) Once you have checked local resources, and the formal newsgroup descriptions, if you are still uncertain as to what groups are 'right' for your post, you can ask in news.groups.questions - this group is designed for people to ask what existing newsgroup is appropriate for a given topic or sub-topic of discussion. Very few sites carry all available newsgroups (there are thousands). Your local news administrator can help you access newsgroups that are not currently available, or explain why certain groups are not available at your site. If your site does not carry the newsgroup(s) where your post belongs, do NOT post it in other, inappropriate groups. Subject: Crossposting to multiple newsgroups Think very carefully before crossposting to more than one, or perhaps two, newsgroups. It is considered highly inappropriate to broadcast your message to a wide selection of newsgroups merely to have more people read it. Note also that many people automatically ignore articles posted to more than two or three groups. Follow the general rules of Netiquette (Usenet etiquette) described in the news.announce.newusers postings above. Often, even when an article is appropriate for multiple newsgroups, it is desirable to redirect all followup discussion into one particular newsgroup. You can do this by adding a Followup-To header line that lists the single newsgroup where further discussion will go. (You should also mention in the body of the article that you have redirected followups to that group, so that people interested in following the subject can find it.) For example: Newsgroups: rec.pets.cats,misc.consumers.house Followup-To: rec.pets.cats Subject: Need product to remove cat odor from carpets directed to rec.pets.cats] Text of article Subject: Choosing a good Subject: header Many people scan the Subject lines of newsgroups, and choose to only read articles with a Subject line that is of interest to them. (This is the '=' command in rn - check the documentation of your newsreader to see if this ability is available to you.) If your Subject line does not contain useful information about the contents of your post, relatively few people will read it. For example, you are more likely to get useful replies with a subject of "Need file conversion utility from PC-Write to WordPerfect" than with a subject of "Help!". Some newsgroups have a 'standard' for what information should be contained in the Subject line - for example, postings in misc.jobs.offered are expected to contain the job title and location in the Subject line, and postings in rec.games.board are expected to list the name of the specific game. It is always a good idea to scan the contents of a newsgroup to see if there is a common format in use. If you are following up to another post, make sure that the Subject is relevant to your post, too. If you change the topic away from the original one, you should probably change the Subject line, too. Subject: Finding FAQs and other Periodical Postings Once you decide what newsgroup(s) are relevant to your question, make sure that you're not asking questions that are frequently asked and answered. In addition to looking at recent traffic in the group, check whether your question is included in a FAQ (Frequently Asked/Answered Questions) list. Most FAQs are archived at rtfm.mit.edu, in directory /pub/usenet/your.group.name, if they're not available in your newsreader in the specific group or in *.answers. Many groups also have a periodic introductory post that describes the content and purpose of the newsgroup - if one exists, you should read it before posting. A listing of many of the periodical postings on Usenet can be found in n.a.n. or its archives, as List_of_Periodic_Informational_Postings,_Part_*_* If you have access to the World Wide Web (often reached through the Mosaic software), you can access the FAQs in HTML format at http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet/FAQ-List.html These FAQs are easy to browse through. Subject: Finding public mailing lists There are a great many public mailing lists, on a wide range of topics. Some of them cover specific topics that aren't often discussed on Usenet, while others duplicate the topics of one or more newsgroups. A listing of many of the public lists is in n.a.n. and archives, as List of Publicly Accessible Mailing Lists, Part */* Starting a new Usenet newsgroup If you can't find a newsgroup or mailing list that holds discussion on a specific topic, it is probably a bad idea to start a new newsgroup for it. Most successful newsgroups are started to split off a sub-topic that is already being discussed on one or more other newsgroups. You might try posting an article on the appropriate *.misc newsgroup, and see if there are others who are interested in the subject. If you really think it is appropriate to start a new newsgroup, some general guidelines can be found in: news.announce.newgroups: How_to_Create_a_New_Usenet_Newsgroup alt.config: So_You_Want_to_Create_an_Alt_Newsgroup Talk to someone local about starting new local newsgroups. Send mail to your local news admin to find out where to start. Subject: About this post Following these suggestions will help not only to ensure that your post reaches its intended audience, but to make Usenet more useful for all of us. The following people have contributed to this article: jimj@eecs.umich.edu (Jim Jewett) msb@sq.com (Mark Brader) jlaiho@ichaos.nullnet.fi (Juha Laiho) bobmcc@tcs.com (Bob McCormick) schweppe@bumetb.bu.edu (Edmund Schweppe) ts@uwasa.fi (Prof. Timo Salmi) Questions about the contents of this article, suggestions for improvement, and corrections should be sent to buglady@bronze.lcs.mit.edu This article is copyrighted by its author, Aliza R. Panitz (buglady@bronze.lcs.mit.edu). It may be copied and redistributed, in its entirety, for free redistribution. In particular, you are encouraged to save this article and send it to people who post inappropriate material to your newsgroups. All other rights reserved. Subject: Appendix: Anonymous FTP [This help file was written for the roguelike games FAQ; some of the hints and examples may not be relevant here.] Pretty much everything mentioned here is available by anonymous FTP. FAQ lists cross-posted to news.answers and *.answers can be gotten from rtfm.mit.edu (18.70.0.209), under /pub/usenet/news.answers or under /pub/usenet/more.specific.group.name "anonymous FTP" is just a way for files to be stored where anyone on the Internet can retrieve them over the Net. For example, to retrieve the latest version of the Moria FAQ, do the following: > ftp rtfm.mit.edu /* connect to the site; a message follows */ > anonymous /* type this when it asks for your name */ > /* type your address as the password */ > cd /pub/usenet /* go to the directory you want to be in */ > cd rec.games.moria /* one level down (no slash). */ > dir /* look at what's there */ > get r.g.m_F_A_Q /* get the file; case-sensitive */ > quit /* stop this mysterious thing */ If your FTP program complains that it doesn't know where the site you want to use is, type the numerical address instead of the sitename: > ftp 18.70.0.209 /* connect with numerical address */ If you don't have ftp access, send e-mail to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu with the single word "help" in the body of the message. Getting binary files (executables, or any compressed files) is only slightly more difficult. You need to set binary mode inside FTP before you transfer the file. > binary /* set binary transfer mode */ > ascii /* set back to text transfer mode */ FAQs and other text documents are generally ascii files; everything else is generally binary files. Compressed text files turn into binary files, though. Some common extensions on binary files in archive sites are: .Z Compressed; extract with uncompress .tar.Z Compressed 'tape archive'; uncompress then untar or tar -xvf .gz or .z Gnu gzip; use gunzip (prep.ai.mit.edu:/pub/gnu/gzip.*.tar) .tgz Gnu gzip of a tar archive; read the gzip man page. .sit (Mac) StufIt archive .zip (PC) Extract with Zip or Unzip .zoo (PC) Yet another archive/compress program .lzh (Unix and PC) Yet another... .arj (PC) and another... .lha (Amiga) Common archive format. .exe (PC) Self-extracting archives - just execute them. [Note: sometimes non-archived executables are stored.] .uue or .UUE Transfer as text file; use uudecode to convert to binary .hqx (Mac) BinHex format; transfer in text mode Generic help can be found in the FAQs of comp.binaries. for how to transfer, extract, and virus-check binary files. (At rtfm.mit.edu) If you can't FTP from your site, use one of the following ftp-by-mail servers: ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com ftpmail@src.doc.ic.ac.uk ftpmail@cs.uow.edu.au ftpmail@grasp.insa-lyon.fr For complete instructions, send a message reading "help" to the server. Some FTP sites, such as rtfm.mit.edu, have dedicated mailservers that will send you files only from that site; it causes less network load to use local FTP servers where they exist. If you don't know exactly what you're looking for, or exactly where it is, there are programs and servers that can help you. For more info, send e-mail to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu with the body of the message reading send usenet/news.answers/finding-sources -- ================================================================================ Adam Finkelstein adamf@hopper.itc.virginia.edu adamf@vtaix.cc.vt.edu =============================================== |Bees To Please| =========== ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 16 May 1994 17:27:00 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Eileen Gregory Subject: Re: Rookie Request for info. As a 'year old' beekeeper, I would like to add a comment to the excellent information sent by Kerry Clark from Canada. New beekeepers often start out with undrawn comb, drawing out of the comb would delay the start of the queen's egg-laying activity. If in fact you did start out with undrawn comb it may be yet unprepared for egg-laying. Hopefully a more experienced beekeeper can send an estimate of time involved in drawing out of the comb. Eileen Gregory ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 16 May 1994 15:42:31 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Teri Rhan {FMO} Subject: What good are Mud Wasps? In-Reply-To: <9405162131.AA04684@mx1.cac.washington.edu> My co-worker has a wasps nest developing on his back porch and being the animal activist he is, was wondering what part in nature these particular guys play. ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 16 May 1994 16:14:23 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Rob Bidleman Subject: Re: Accessing Usenet (long) In-Reply-To: <199405161952.AA02286@mail.crl.com> I have acquired an ftp site at crl.com and am soliciting relative files to the BEE-L list. Anyone with pertinent material/files/info feel free to e-mail them to me. PLEASE not to the list. For those interested: login as password type I primarily want files of interest to Bee Biology and Beekeeping that are too large to be sent via mail. Thanks +%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+% % robbee@crl.com box 721 healdsburg ca 95448 % +%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+% ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 16 May 1994 21:06:01 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: BEELAB@ACSPR1.ACS.BROCKPORT.EDU Subject: small bee cages We've been successful keeping honey bees in small cages in tghe lab as long as they have a water bottle and sugar paste. These bees were hand picked from full size hives. Recently we have used a small hand vac and see no problems in the bees. The vac is modified so suction is not too great. e.southwick, beelab, SUNY, Brockport NY 14420 ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 16 May 1994 22:31:13 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: James Ory Organization: NISE Charleston, SC Subject: Re: Rookie Request for info. > As a 'year old' beekeeper, I would like to add a comment to the > excellent information sent by Kerry Clark from Canada. New beekeepers > often start out with undrawn comb, drawing out of the comb would delay > the start of the queen's egg-laying activity. If in fact you did > start out with undrawn comb it may be yet unprepared for egg-laying. A comment about undrawn comb - If you started with it then keep the sugar water comming! A comment I read once is that there is a 9 to 1 ratio (9 lbs of honey to 1 lb of wax). Therefore keep giving the bees sugar water 1cup sugar 1 cup water this varies and a more experienced keeper might comment on the exact ratio. As a new beekeper I also enjoy and appreciate the info freely and curteously given on this net. AR...Jim Ory - oryj@FOSTER.nosc.mil "the views expressed here are not necessairly those of my employer" ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 17 May 1994 08:45:00 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Kerry Clark 784-2225 fax (604) 784 2299" Subject: Re: What good are Mud Wasps? I don't know what species you are dealing with, but where I grew up (near Vancouver, B.C.) the mud wasps gathered spiders (the ones with typical aerial spider webs) and filled the mud tube with 10 to 20 of them, paralysed. A wasp larva sealed in the tube had its whole food supply available, and would attach to one, suck its juices, and the next was just beside, still fresh. The new generation (only about 10 to a group of tubes, I think) stayed there through the winter and emerged the next spring. The wasps were never aggressive (I don't know of anyone being stung by one, but I didn't stick my nose too close). They made an interesting sound as they vibrated a load of mud onto the tubes they were building. So what "good" were they? To reduce them to numbers, they were no doubt one of the checks and balances in the predator - prey interaction involving flies. Or maybe they could just be appreciated for doing what they otter, in making a living. Kerry Clark, Apiculture Specialist B.C. Ministry of Agriculture 1201 103 Ave Dawson Creek B.C. V1G 4J2 CANADA Tel (604) 784-2225 fax (604) 784-2299 INTERNET KCLARK@GALAXY.GOV.BC.CA ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 17 May 1994 09:11:00 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Paul van Westendorp 576-5600 Fax: 576-5652" Subject: Re: What good are Mud Wasps? Potter Wasps or Mud Daubers are not social insects but solitary. Both use mud to construct their pot-like nests on walls, wood structures or branches. The Mud daubers construct characterisic 'organ-pipe' cells, 1-3 side by side. Potter Wasps predate on sawflies who in turn can be destructive pest to ornamentals and timber. Mud Daubers are specialized spider predators. Their nests are provisioned with paralysed prey prior to closure so that the wasp larva has a fresh food supply for its development. Both of these wasps (as are most other species) are valuable insects keeping other insects (or spiders) under control. Paul van Westendorp Provincial Apiculturist BC Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food 17720 - 57th Ave. Surrey, B.C. CANADA, V3S 4P9 ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 17 May 1994 10:03:38 PDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jane Beckman Subject: Re: What good are Mud Wasps? As an interesting note, a couple years ago I had a disused hive sitting around (never occupied), hoping to hive a swarm into it. Well, the swarm never materialized, but when I opened up the hive later, I found a mud- dauber nest stuck onto the inner cover! Apparently, they liked the sheltered location. --Jane B. [jane@swdc.status.com] ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 17 May 1994 22:20:00 GMT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "David F. Verville" Subject: Itty bitty girls A few weeks ago I posted a question regarding Cool queens = drone layers Although this situation does not become the definitive answer, I thought you might like to know. They are emerging and they are workers. April 21 Queen Installed into observation hive. "Hive was put into my tool shed. That night the temperature drop to 23 F." April 22 Observation hive moved to a warmer place. April 23 Workers feeding queen and attendants. Queen released directly. April 24 Do not see the queen. April 25 See the queen walking around, not laying yet. April 26 Queen begins laying. Spotty April 29 Told about COLD QUEENS=DRONE LAYERS April 30 Last of brood from parent hive emerging. May 2 Larva developing. Nest starting to be redefined. May 5 Sealing beginning. Worker type cappings. May 6 More sealing, still worker type cappings. May 9 Bees working foundation in upper section. May 10 All cells in lower section have either eggs, larva, sealed brood, pollen or honey nectar/sugar-water. May 11 Some cells along frame bottom starting to be capped as drone. May 12 Bees making an opening in the honey arch. May 14 Bees storing pollen and sugar-water in upper section. Insides of frames of upper section almost drawn. Outside about half. May 15 Removed the sugar-water, put a jar of water. May 16 Cold, 50F, raining, all the bees are in the lower section. More drone larva being capped along the frame bottom. May 17 Emerging workers. Saw the queen laying in the recently vacated cells. Saw the queen go to lay an egg but it wasn't deposited in the cell, when she emerged she tapped her backside against the brood cappings, the egg stuck to the capping and then saw a worker grab it and then eat it! Thanks to all of you who wrote. Special thanks to Rick Hough for posting it for me during my problem days. ============================================================================== | David F Verville | Good young queens. | | Hobbist in the big small town of | Plenty of food. | | Plaistow, NH | Plenty of room. | | mvdfv@mvtowers.att.com | | ============================================================================== ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 18 May 1994 13:29:37 +0100 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Malcolm Roe Subject: Ragwort and honey. This is more botany than bees but perhaps someone can add something. I've just read that the British agriculture ministry (MAFF) are to commission some work into the presence of dangerous alkaloids in ragwort nectar. I don't know the worldwide distribution of ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) but it's certainly widespread throughout northern Europe including the British Isles. It's clasified here as a "noxious weed". (It's poisonous to livestock.) This means that farmers are supposed to eradicate it from their fields. Nevertheless, there's still plenty of it around. I have a particular interest because I get quite a good crop off ragwort late in the summer. It is said that pure ragwort honey has an unpleasant taste (the alkaloids?) However, in my case, it's mixed in with lots of other things, mainly blackberry and tastes very good. Should I be worried about selling this honey or even eating it myself? -- Malcolm Roe Phone : +44 442 230000 ext 5104 Crosfield Electronics Ltd Fax : +44 442 232301 Hemel Hempstead, Herts. HP2 7RH, UK E-mail : roe@crosfield.co.uk ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 18 May 1994 14:03:07 +0100 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Malcolm Roe Subject: Beekeeping survey (British Isles). This only concerns beekeepers in the British Isles. Clive de Bruyn is conducting a survey of British beekeepers. He intends to follow the progress of varroa through the British Isles and the consequent changes in beekeeping practice. The background is best explained by the following extract from the notes that accompany the survey form. "It will be of interest to future generations to know how beekeeping is practiced at the present time and what changes, if any, varroasis will bring about. There are few reliable stastics to show how Acarapis woodi affected beekeeping at the beginning of this century, only a great deal of speculation. The progress of an exotic parasite and its effect on its new host should be of interest to workers in many areas of beekeeping and allied fields. I have obtained funding from the "Perry Foundation" to collect and collate information over the next three years about the spread of varroa and how beekeepers cope with varroasis." This sounds like useful work to which we can all contribute. I did think of typing in the whole survey form but I'm too lazy! Many beekeeping associations will be distributing forms to their members. However, if any Brtitish Isles beekeepers don't get a form and wish to assist I'm sure Clive would be only too happy to send you one. He can be contacted as follows:- Clive de Bruyn Writtle College Chelmsford Essex CM1 3RR Telephone: (0245) 420705 -- Malcolm Roe Phone : +44 442 230000 ext 5104 Crosfield Electronics Ltd Fax : +44 442 232301 Hemel Hempstead, Herts. HP2 7RH, UK E-mail : roe@crosfield.co.uk ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 18 May 1994 10:46:42 +0000 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Rick Hough Subject: Dance Language article For everyone's information, Wolfgang Kirchner and William Towne have an article in the June '94 issue of _Scientific American_ "The Sensory Basis of the Honeybee's Dance Language" appears on pages 74-80. I haven't had a chance to read the article yet, but thought that folks might be interested in it. Rick Hough, Hamilton, MA, USA rshough@tasc.com ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 18 May 1994 10:46:33 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: David_Winkler@NIHCEIB.BITNET Subject: Ragwort and honey. |Date: 5-18-94 10:39am |From: David Winkler:ncieib:nih | To: ¤BEE-L@ALBNYVM1‡:BITNET |Subj: Ragwort and honey. |In-Reply-To: Message from ¤BEE-L@ALBNYVM1‡:BITNET of 5-18-94 ------------------------------------------------------------------ In reference to you inquiry about alkoloids in honey, I would recommend an article in the April 94 American Laboratory by Santford V. Overton and John J. Manura, Flavor and aroma in comercial bee honey; A purge and trap thermal desorption technique for the identification and quantification of volatiles and semivolatiles in honey. The article lists 102 organic chemicals identified in honey at the ng/g level (parts per billion). The authors address is: Scientific Instrument Services Inc. 1027 Old York Road Ringoes, NJ 08551 908-788-5550 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 18 May 1994 10:42:19 CDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Phil Veldhuis Subject: Need info re: OBS HIVES In-Reply-To: <9405170103.AA08431@canopus.CC.UManitoba.CA>; from "BEELAB@ACSPR1.ACS.BROCKPORT.EDU" at May 16, 94 9:06 pm Greetings: I have become involved in a project which will involve a full sized colony operating as a observation hive in an art gallery. Could anyone with experiences with permantly installed observation colonies please email your wisdom? (If everyone will email me directly, I'll summarize for the list in a couple of days) I am particularly interested in the problem of giving the hive free flight via a tube in the wall. What diameter should the tube bee? What is the maximum length? Thanks in advance, Phil. My email address is: veldhui@cc.umanitoba.ca -- ------------oooooooooooooooOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOooooooooooooo------------- Phil Veldhuis | "if something is not worth doing, Winnipeg. MB, Canada | it is not worth doing right" veldhui@cc.umanitoba.ca | Dave Barry (1985) ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 18 May 1994 09:53:00 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Kerry Clark 784-2225 fax (604) 784 2299" Subject: Re: Ragwort and honey. Senecio jacobaea, called tansy ragwort here, has been accidentaly introduced into several places in North America, including the Fraser Valley near Vancouver. Several years ago I worked for an entomologist attempting to introduce biological control insects (cinnabar moths didn't work because ground beetles cleaned up too well on their ground level pupae, but 2 species of specific seed eating flies are doing not a bad job since). The 93 edition Hive and honey bee (p 1195) lists S. jacobaea as poisonous to bees or brood, but doesn't give a reference for details. I've read that the alkaloids in tansy ragwort seeds (contaminating some grain crop, maybe Africa??) were enough to cause health problems in human consumers. (dairy cattle consuming tansy ragwort (in hay where they don't avoid it) have their liver harmed). Malcolm, there may be some information on alkaloid content of tansy ragwort honey available through your Agriculture ministry. Knapweed (Centaurea sp which has invaded about 100,000 acres of rangeland in B.C) sometimes is the source of large crops of a lovely looking golden honey which has not a bad flavour which in a few seconds turns to a very bitter taste which sticks in your mouth. Apparently the bitterness dissappears after a few months storage. It isn't listed as one of the poisonous plants. cheers Kerry Clark, Apiculture Specialist B.C. Ministry of Agriculture 1201 103 Ave Dawson Creek B.C. V1G 4J2 CANADA Tel (604) 784-2225 fax (604) 784-2299 INTERNET KCLARK@GALAXY.GOV.BC.CA ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 19 May 1994 18:36:00 +1200 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: NICKW@WAIKATO.AC.NZ Subject: Ragwort honey After a quick trip to the archives (the banana boxes full of photocopies down in the garage) I did find the article I knew I had one time seen! Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids: Their Occurance in Honey from Tansy Ragwort (Seneccio jacobaea L.), Deinzer, ML; Thomson, PA; Burgett, DM; Isaacson, DL. Science. Vol 195, 4 February 1977. Pages 497-499. "Abstract: The hepatotoxic alkaloids known to occur in tansy ragword are also present in honey produced from the nectar of this species. These alkaloids, which include senecionine, seneciphylline, jacoline, jaconine, jacobine, and jacozine, are potentially carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic and may pose health hazards to the human consumer." I don't know what "teretogenic" means, and I'm not really sure I *want* to know, as I've already eaten my share of ragwort honey! ------------------------------------- Nick Wallingford Bay of Plenty Polytechnic (East coast, N Island, New Zealand) Internet nickw@waikato.ac.nz ------------------------------------- ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 19 May 1994 10:42:42 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology Comments: Resent-From: Mike Ramundo Comments: Originally-From: Elizabeth Balogh From: Mike Ramundo Subject: Queen Inseminator Hi Bee Netters, Does anyone know where I can purchase a Queen Inseminator? Your replies are greatly appreicated. Thanks in advance. Liz Balogh Elzabeth@ukanvm.cc.ukans.edu ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 19 May 1994 09:17:00 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Kerry Clark 784-2225 fax (604) 784 2299" Subject: Re: Ragwort honey Sounds nasty. Teratogenic "monster producing" developmental or birth defects. I wonder if there is a threshold dose for these kind of chemicals. Malcolm's (and nearly all other honey producers) question would be about honey with some contribution from ragwort. Did the paper address that aspect, advise about how diligent one should be to avoid collecting the honey? Mike Burgett - are you out there? Kerry Clark, Apiculture Specialist B.C. Ministry of Agriculture 1201 103 Ave Dawson Creek B.C. V1G 4J2 CANADA Tel (604) 784-2225 fax (604) 784-2299 INTERNET KCLARK@GALAXY.GOV.BC.CA ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 19 May 1994 09:27:00 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Paul van Westendorp 576-5600 Fax: 576-5652" Subject: Re: Ragwort honey Nick, Perhaps not wishing to know, but "teratogenic" means that the alkaloids of the tansy ragwort may induce growth abnormalities in fetuses. Regards, Paul van Westendorp Ph. (604) 576-5639 Provincial Apiculturist Fx. (604) 576-5652 BC Ministry of Agriculture, PVANWESTEN@galaxy.gov.bc.ca Fisheries & Food Surrey, B.C. CANADA V3S 4P9 ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 19 May 1994 19:22:35 +0200 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Sicho Petr >From SICHO@MARVAX.IN2P3.FR Thu May 19 19:15:43 1994 Subject: an advice ? To: sicho@fzu.cz X-Vmsmail-To: SMTP%"sicho@fzu.cz" Dear colleagues, I would like to ask you for an advise. I have 8 hives on the village about 100 km distant from Prague ( Czech Republic ). At present I am in Marseille ( France ) and I have to stay here till end of July, but next week I have a break and I want to visit my bees. Please, give me an advice what shall I do to prevent swarming. Is better to cut queens wings (particulary) or use some grid or do you now another better way ? Thanks, good season Petr Sicho sicho@fzu.cz Prague - Czech Republic ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 19 May 1994 17:13:45 -0300 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Eunice Wonnacott Subject: Re: Ragwort honey In-Reply-To: <9405190637.AA04891@bud.peinet.pe.ca> The term "teratogenic" is, I believe, the term that applies to the kind of effect that Thalidomide had on those unfortunate children in the early sixties, whose mothers took that drug during pregnancy. That is, an adverse effect on the existing foetus, as opposed to genetic damage, which would become an inheritable characteristic. Someone with a handy dictionary may come up with a more concise definition. Eunice "From The Cradle of Confederation" ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 20 May 1994 08:25:42 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Ray Lackey Subject: swarm prevention in absentia Clipping the queen's wings will not prevent swarming. It keeps the queen from leaving the area but she will still be driven out of the hive. If you are there daily or more often, you can then take her and possibly the swarm to a new hive. You are still faced with after swarms. No Good!!! using a queen excluder prevents the queen from leaving so the swarm comes back. Virgin queens are ready to leave their cells. You may wind up losing the old queen. The virgin queens can't get out to mate so you wind up with a drone layer. No Good!!! To prevent swarming a) keep a young ( less than two years ) in the hive b) give them plenty of space Since you have limited time to do it and may not have much planning time, you may have to limit your actions to (b). If you have a quick source for new queens, do (a) as well. You may have to balance the brood or split colonies if you have some real strong already. Oh! (a) refers to queen, I lost a word with slow fingers! ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + Raymond J. Lackey + + Beekeeper 10 years with 25 colonies on Long Island, NY+ + INTERNET: rjl7317@hazeltine.com + + Mail: 1260 Walnut Avenue, Bohemia NY 11617 + + Home Phone: 516-567-1936 FAX: 516-262-8053 + ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 20 May 1994 14:16:46 +0100 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Malcolm Roe Subject: Re: swarm prevention in absentia In-Reply-To: <9405201225.AA06891@hazeltine.com> from "Ray Lackey" at May 20, 94 08:25:42 am Raymond J. Lackey says:- > Clipping the queen's wings will not prevent swarming. It keeps the > queen from leaving the area but she will still be driven out of the > hive. If you are there daily or more often, you can then take her > and possibly the swarm to a new hive. You are still faced with after > swarms. No Good!!! I can't agree with this. (Although I do agree that queen excluders are no good.) Clipping is definitely useful as part of a swarm control method. Two undesirable things happen when a colony swarms. 1) You loose the queen. As a consequence there is a break of a month or so in laying before the young queen comes on stream. 2) You loose a substantial fraction of your worker bees. If the queen is not clipped swarming can occur as soon as the first queen cells are capped, about 6 days after the egg was laid. This means that even if you inspect your bees weekly there is a risk of losing a swarm. If the queen is clipped the swarm will still emerge at the same time but the queen will be unable to join it so the rest of the bees will soon return to the hive. The queen may return if she can find her way back but if that happens it's a bonus. The main point is that you havn't lost the worker bees. What clipping does is buy you time. If, during inspection, you find swarm prepartions but the queen hasn't left you can use one of a number of methods. (I use artificial swarming.) If the queen has gone at least you still have the rest of the bees. You will still need to do something. To prevent afterswarms you will need to remove all but one of the queen cells. (Don't forget the bees are likely to start emergency queens if there are any larvae young enough.) There are other possibilities such as requeening with a mated queen but I've run out of time so I'll leave them for now! -- Malcolm Roe Phone : +44 442 230000 ext 5104 Crosfield Electronics Ltd Fax : +44 442 232301 Hemel Hempstead, Herts. HP2 7RH, UK E-mail : roe@crosfield.co.uk ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 20 May 1994 10:11:18 PDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jane Beckman Subject: Re: swarm prevention in absentia One of the things to make sure of is that the clipping really means the queen can't fly! I hived a swarm that had a queen with a *partially clipped wing* and she was still able to travel with the swarm. I was amazed when I found her and noticed she was clipped. She still had enough wing left to be able to fly, apparently. --Jane B. [jane@swdc.stratus.com] ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 20 May 1994 14:29:39 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Adam Finkelstein Subject: no subject (file transmission) Xref: murdoch sci.agriculture.beekeeping:316 Path: murdoch!hearst.acc.Virginia.EDU!concert!news-feed-2.peachnet.edu!gatech!howland.reston.ans.net!agate!iat.holonet.net!wildbee!william.j..clinton From: WILLIAM.J..CLINTON@beenet.com (william j. clinton) Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping Subject: Import Relief China Message-ID: <45C867A3@beenet.com> Date: Fri, 20 May 1994 00:08:09 GMT Organization: Wild Bee's BBS 209-826-8107 Distribution: WORLD Lines: 57 To the Congress of the United States: ...After considering all the relevant aspects of the investigation, including those set forth in section 202(c) of the Trade Act of 1974, I have determined that import relief for honey is not in the national economic interest of the United States. However, I am directing the United States Trade Representative, in consultation with the appropriate agencies to develop a plan to monitor imports of honey from China. This monitoring program is to be developed within thirty days of this determination. Since I have determined that the provision of import relief is not in the national economic interest of the United States, I am required by that section 203(b) of the Trade Act of 1974 to report to Congress on the reasons underlying this determination. In determining not to provided import relief, I considered its overall costs to the U.S. economy. The USITC majority recommendation for a quarterly tariff rate quota (a 25 percent ad valorem charge on the first 12.5 million pounds each quarter, increasing to 50 percent on amounts above that levee), to be applied for three years would cost consumers about $7 million while increasing producers income by just $1.9 million. The other forms of relief recommended by other Commissioners would also result in substantial cost to consumers while offering little benefit to producers. In addition, the gap between production and consumption in the United States in approximately 100 million pounds, with imports of honey from China helping to fill that gap at the low end for industrial use. Any restriction on imports of honey from China would likely lead to increased imports from other countries rather than significantly increase market share for U.S. producers. Although rising somewhat since 1991, U.S. honey inventories are not large by historical experience, ether in absolute amounts or relative to consumption. Honey stocks reported by U.S. Department of Agriculture were much higher in mid-1980's (about 75 percent of consumption in 1985 and 1986), before falling to their lowest level in a decade in 1991 (26.6 percent of consumption). The 1993 stocks were 37.8 percent of consumption, well below the 1980-1993 average level of 46.4 percent. The U.S. government has supported honey producers since 1950, in part to ensure enough honeybees would be available for crop pollination. This is an important national interest. I believe that current trends in the provision of pollination and honey production will not be significantly affected by not providing relief. Crop producers indicate that they believe pollination will still be cost effective even if service prices rise. I have also concluded that, in this case, imposing trade restriction on imports of honey would run counter to our policy of promoting an open and fair international trading system. William J. Clinton The White House, April 21, 1994 president@whitehouse.gov ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 20 May 1994 16:36:12 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Ray Lackey Subject: Re: swarm prevention in absentia Malcolm, I agree it buys you time if you are able to do inspections regularly. The question was prevention in absentia. Clipping only prevents the old queen from queen from leaving with the first swarm. She winds up on the ground and may find her way back to the hive by walking but is soon driven out by the bees that still have it in their limited minds that they want to swarm. The first swarm is then led by a young virgin. Thus you have still lost the field bees. I do not believe that clipping buys time if you aare not keeping up on the bees. Artificial swarming satisfies the urge but is only useful as a last resort when you are doing regular inspections and find preparations under way. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + Raymond J. Lackey + + Beekeeper 10 years with 25 colonies on Long Island, NY+ + INTERNET: rjl7317@hazeltine.com + + Mail: 1260 Walnut Avenue, Bohemia NY 11617 + + Home Phone: 516-567-1936 FAX: 516-262-8053 + ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 20 May 1994 17:14:25 -0600 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Carlos Hernan Vergara Bricenio Subject: Re: Need info re: OBS HIVES In-Reply-To: <9405181549.AA21634@pue.udlap.mx> On Wed, 18 May 1994, Phil Veldhuis wrote: > Greetings: > > I have become involved in a project which will involve a full sized colony > operating as a observation hive in an art gallery. > > Could anyone with experiences with permantly installed observation > colonies please email your wisdom? (If everyone will email me directly, > I'll summarize for the list in a couple of days) > > I am particularly interested in the problem of giving the hive free flight > via a tube in the wall. What diameter should the tube bee? What is the > maximum length? > > Thanks in advance, Phil. > > My email address is: veldhui@cc.umanitoba.ca > > -- > ------------oooooooooooooooOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOooooooooooooo------------- > Phil Veldhuis | "if something is not worth doing, > Winnipeg. MB, Canada | it is not worth doing right" > veldhui@cc.umanitoba.ca | Dave Barry (1985) Have you checked "How to construct and maintain an Observation Bee Hive" by N. Gary and K. Lorenzen at Davis, Division of Agricultural Sciences, U. Of California, Leaflet 2835. January 1976? It has detailed designs of a 4-brood chamber frames O.H. and useful comments on how to mantain it. ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 20 May 1994 20:49:50 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: KateB1@AOL.COM Subject: beeswax solvent Anyone have any suggestions on cleaning the inside of the plastic sheets in my observation hive? I'm starting it up again this spring, and my attempts at removing the beeswax have resulted only in a smeared mess, and visibility will be severely limited that way. I've thought of replacing the plastic with glass "windows" but have previously not had good results with glass in small observation hives and would prefer to continue to use the plastic. Ideas? What IS the solvent for beeswax? Kate Bauer KateB1@aol.com ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 20 May 1994 23:12:00 GMT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "David F. Verville" Subject: Equipment Costs/Suggestions POSTED FOR ANOTHER PERSON WHO IS HAVING TROUBLE GETTING TO BEE-L. ____________________________ Cut Here _________________________ Hi. I'm a novice. I just started two hives north of Portland, ME. I'm expecting to need more then the four deep hive bodies I originally purchased. Who is the most reliable equipment vendor with the lowest prices? My original equipment came from Mann Lake. The order contained damaged parts and had backorders for six weeks. I've also heard horror stories about Kelly hive bodies not being standard size. Thanks in advance. jps {jschroeder@nhqvax.sanders.lockheed.com} ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 21 May 1994 08:04:50 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Dave D. Cawley, a De Leon Socialist" Subject: Re: Equipment Costs/Suggestions > Who is the most reliable equipment vendor with the lowest prices? > My original equipment came from Mann Lake. The order contained > damaged parts and had backorders for six weeks. I've also heard > horror stories about Kelly hive bodies not being standard size. I ordered a bunch of stuff from Mann Lake this spring and it came sooner than expect. I was quite satisfied. The cheapest prices I found for woodenware was Western Bee Supply. I got their cheapo grade hive bodies and they seem fine. I also got their cheapo grade frames which left a little to be desired. I'll probably get the hive bodies again, but I'll definately go up in grade for the frames! ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Dave D. Cawley | If it's not worth doing, University Of Scranton | it's not worth doing right. Scranton, Pennsylvania | ddc1@jaguar.uofs.edu | -Dave Barry ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 22 May 1994 16:12:52 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Edward E. Southwick" Subject: Carpenter Bees Please help my neighbor who has carpenter bees by the dozen making holes in his cedar facia boards about 12 inches apart. I saw them busy chewing out holes in wood that is not softer than other areas. What can he do about it?? ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 22 May 1994 20:45:22 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: David Christenson Subject: Re: What good are Mud Wasps? I recommend "The wWays Of A Mud Dauber" by George D./ Sch = Schy hav ffer er (Standor ford University Press, 1949) ffor a pastorale on mud wasps and their pleasant ways. (One wasp even became Shafer's "pse et.") This book may be out of print, I'm afraid. Shafer concluded after five years of informal study that, "adult females of this species possess a nervous system which, though tiny in size, enables them to remember, to learn, and to who show individuality." That's better than some humans do, eh? ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 23 May 1994 13:23:04 +0100 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Malcolm Roe Subject: Re: swarm prevention in absentia In-Reply-To: <9405202036.AA08004@hazeltine.com> from "Ray Lackey" at May 20, 94 04:36:12 pm I just looked back at the the start of this thread and Raymond is quite correct: the question was swarm prevention in absentia. The original question concerned bees in the Czech Republic and timings are likely to be different from those in my part of the UK but I think its quite likely that the bees in question have already swarmed, assuming the're going to do so. Certainly my bees have all tried it (and one lot got away!) For me it's always the second week of May, as regular as clockwork. -- Malcolm Roe Phone : +44 442 230000 ext 5104 Crosfield Electronics Ltd Fax : +44 442 232301 Hemel Hempstead, Herts. HP2 7RH, UK E-mail : roe@crosfield.co.uk ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 23 May 1994 12:20:42 -0600 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Carlos Hernan Vergara Bricenio Subject: Re: beeswax solvent In-Reply-To: <9405210057.AA00390@pue.udlap.mx> On Fri, 20 May 1994 KateB1@AOL.COM wrote: > Anyone have any suggestions on cleaning the inside of the plastic sheets in > my observation hive? I'm starting it up again this spring, and my attempts > at removing the beeswax have resulted only in a smeared mess, and visibility > will be severely limited that way. I've thought of replacing the plastic > with glass "windows" but have previously not had good results with glass in > small observation hives and would prefer to continue to use the plastic. > Ideas? What IS the solvent for beeswax? > > Kate Bauer > KateB1@aol.com Beeswax is soluble in organic solventes e.g. chloroform, benzene, but I'm not sure as to what the effect of the solvent on the plastic would be ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 23 May 1994 20:00:45 -0300 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Gilberto Subject: Re: small bee cages In-Reply-To: <90037A7240004CBF@brfapg.bitnet> from "BEELAB@ACSPR1.ACS.BROCKPORT.EDU" at May 16, 94 09:06:01 pm Thank you very much for the information. I will try your suggestion. > > We've been successful keeping honey bees in small cages in tghe lab as > long as they have a water bottle and sugar paste. These bees were hand > picked from full size hives. Recently we have used a small hand vac > and see no problems in the bees. The vac is modified so suction is not > too great. > e.southwick, beelab, SUNY, Brockport NY 14420 > ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 24 May 1994 12:00:32 GMT-1 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Knut Pedersen Organization: UiB Inst. for Mikrobio. & plantefys Subject: Re: Queen Inseminator Werner Seip, Hauptstrasse 32-36 D- 6308 Butzbach/Ebersgons Germany Tel +06447-6605 Fax +06447-6816 For foreign drop the leading zero put country-code first. The equipment is a plasure to use, high quality. Knut ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 24 May 1994 08:50:18 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Ed Beary Subject: Re: beeswax solvent Using plastic does create some problems with cleaning. You should try to break off most of the large pieces of wax and then carefully, with a razor blade, scrape areas with propolis build up. It is best to do this in a cool area or atleast cool the plactic down in a frig. This way the wax and propolis are brittle and will break off instead of smear. Many organics will affect the plastic by making it atleast temorarily clouding. Depending on the plastic, you could get a real mess. I use a cleaner called 409 which can be purchased from any grocery store in my area. You spray it on, let it sit for a minute or so and then wipe it off. With time, even this procedure will cause the plastic to become cloudy. There is always the occasional slip with the razor blade which scratches the surface. What problems were you having with the glass? Other than the occasional slip and break, I have found glass OK. What type of plastic are you using? I am using acrylic on one hive, and it seems to do ok. Ed Beary BEARY@UNO.CC.GENESEO.EDU ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 24 May 1994 18:24:17 +0100 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jean-Marie Van Dyck Subject: Re: Beeswax solvent Hello Kate ! To remove all the beeswax AND the propolis from your plastic of your O.H. 1. Don't use any solvent : they'll attack the plastic ... the alone to use are methanol or ethanol but dissolve only propolis 2. Try to use hot water (60-70 degrees C) with - tri-sodium phosphate + a common detergent. - or the powder for dishwasher : it's generally ok ! Personnally I scrape * all* the wax and the propolis and I put the glass or the plastic in the dishwasher (dubble program). Pay attention : Some plastic don't resist at the temperature of the washer! Good luck ! Jean-Marie jmvandyck@quick.cc.fundp.ac.be Jean-Marie Van Dyck B.P. 102 B-5000-Namur (Belgium) ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 25 May 1994 10:32:58 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: KateB1@AOL.COM Subject: solvent update I appreciate the input of the question of beeswax solvent and will put that information to use next season, as in the meantime I broke down and bought new plastic. The perfect solution, except for cost! I'm particularly intrigued about the 409 and the tri-sodium phosphate, both of which I have on hand. My problems with glass have mostly revolved around breakage while attempting to remove panels that have been propolized in the cabinet slots. The plastic has been far-less vulnerable, but the eventual visibility problem is of concern. Thanks again, Kate (KateB1@aol.com) ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 25 May 1994 09:54:52 CDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Phil Wood Subject: Re: solvent update/glass from observation hives W.r.t. the problem of glass breaking as a result of propopolis buildup, I've found that buying a bit of an aerosol product called "Baker's Joy" has worked to help make it easier to take the glass out. I've found if you hold the glass next to a straightedge, with just enough of the glass edge which will have contact exposed that you can lay down a pretty straight line of this oil/flour mixture. My experiments aren't scientifically controlled- I could just be getting better at taking things out, but I've the feeling that it's working better than Pam, which is just straight oil. Maybe other folks can give hints about that- evidently some folks use glass just fine and have other tricks- for what it's worth- Phil Wood ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 25 May 1994 07:59:41 PDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Adrian Wenner Subject: Re: solvent update >I appreciate the input of the question of beeswax solvent and will put that >information to use next season, as in the meantime I broke down and bought >new plastic. The perfect solution, except for cost! I'm particularly >intrigued about the 409 and the tri-sodium phosphate, both of which I have on >hand. > >My problems with glass have mostly revolved around breakage while attempting >to remove panels that have been propolized in the cabinet slots. The plastic >has been far-less vulnerable, but the eventual visibility problem is of >concern. Kate, I my work with observation hives, I used glass but did not slip the panes into slots -- as the common design goes. Instead, I moved the glass into place from the side and locked it into place by twisting simple turn screws mounted in the wood at each end of the observation hive. To remove the glass, I just need twist the turn screws 90 degrees, inserting the straight end of a hive tool into the small crack at the top of the glass, and GENTLY pry the top edge of the glass outward. The propolis, being somewhat soft, gradually released its hold -- I never broke a pane that way. A diagram of the setup is shown in Fig. 1 of the following paper: Wenner, A.M. and D.L. Johnson. 1966. Simple conditioning in honey bees. Animal Behavior. 14:149-155. The turn screws are not shown in that figure, but they were positioned half way up the vertical wood frame on the hive. Adrian *************************************************************** * Adrian Wenner E-Mail wenner@lifesci.lscf.ucsb.edu * * Department of Biology Office Phone (805) 893-2838 * * University of California Lab Phone (805) 893-2838 * * Santa Barbara, CA 93106 FAX (805) 893-4724 * *************************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 25 May 1994 12:36:14 -0300 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Alunos da Zootecnia Subject: africanized bees I'd like to know how to distinguish african bees from european bees and, if its possible to know the percentage of africanization. I prefer to analyse their morfological characteristics than wing beat frequency or composition of C-G (DNA). I'm a student of Animal Science at Universidade de Sao Paulo (Brazil), and i'm not a member of Bee-L. Alexandre Pongracz Rossi e-mail cazusp@cat.cce.usp.br or cazusp@brusp.bitnet Thanks ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 25 May 1994 16:30:28 +0000 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Rick Hough Subject: BEE-L FAQ Well, here it is.... the long awaited BEE-L FAQ! I have taken the Frequently Asked Question (FAQ) list from the sci.agriculture.beekeeping newsgroup, and added a few BEE-L specific items to the front. Unless I get significant input requesting o To: BEE-L List ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 25 May 1994 16:15:59 CST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Windsor Subject: Re: solvent update I appreciate the input of the question of beeswax solvent and will put that information to use next season, as in the meantime I broke down and bought new plastic. The perfect solution, except for cost! I'm particularly intrigued about the 409 and the tri-sodium phosphate, both of which I have on hand. My problems with glass have mostly revolved around breakage while attempting to remove panels that have been propolized in the cabinet slots. The plastic has been far-less vulnerable, but the eventual visibility problem is of concern. Thanks again, Kate (KateB1@aol.com) ************************************************************* Kate, I don't know if this would work, but I'll throw it out for consideration: line the inside of the "windows" with clear cellophane; when they get dirty, peel off and replace. my .02 worth, Chris Windsor ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 25 May 1994 17:32:11 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Donovan Bodishbaugh Subject: Avoid Slots In-Reply-To: <199405251434.KAA05385@acpub.duke.edu> On Wed, 25 May 1994 KateB1@AOL.COM wrote: > My problems with glass have mostly revolved around breakage while attempting > to remove panels that have been propolized in the cabinet slots. The plastic > has been far-less vulnerable, but the eventual visibility problem is of > concern. I like glass much better. Instead of using cabinet style slots for your glass panels, try using those plastic clip/bracket thingies sold at all hardware stores for the purpose of hanging mirrors. That way the edge of the glass is exposed, and you can get a putty knife in to break the propolis seal without too much flexing. Be sure to get clips for the right glass thickness. Another good trick is squirting a thin bead of vaseline between the glass and wood with a syringe after you clip it in place. This seems to be a good proactive measure against propolizing. Rick Bodishbaugh ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 25 May 1994 14:58:08 PDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jane Beckman Subject: No queen cells? Okay, I admit to being frankly puzzled. Last year, my bees were producing queen cells in February. I lost a swarm out of it, in early March, by not being diligent enough. This year, I haven't seen any attempts to try to produce queen cells. The hive seems vigorous, but (I shouldn't complain!) there are no signs of swarming behavior. Presumably, the swarm left a young queen behind in the hive, when it left. She seems to be a good layer, and drone production is down, too. Weather has been unsettled here in California. Warm in mid-winter, then cool in spring. Confused bees? Is there some pheremonal reaction here, where the hive has decided it's got a good queen and plenty of room, and hence doesn't need to spin off swarms? I've never encountered a hive that didn't at least start queen cells, even if they were destroyed later. -Jane B. [jane@swdc.stratus.com] ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 26 May 1994 11:47:07 +0100 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jean-Marie Van Dyck Subject: Re: Foraging distance of honeybees... On Sat, 26 Mar 1994 Nick Wallingford (NICKW@WAIKATO.AC.NZ) wrote: > What is the longest distance that honeybees have been known to > fly in search of forage? > > Here in NZ we often use 3-5 km in describing the area around a > hive that bees are likely to travel. > > I do recall, however, a description of bees found to have flown 8 > miles (?) from their hive in the course of some alfalfa research. > The researcher was using the Cordovan strain as a marker for some > reason in the experiment, and found bees from those hives in > fields at the known distance from the only possible source of the > bees. > > Does anyone know that reference? Alternatively, what other > references are there to substantiated long distance foraging? On Mon, 28 Mar 1994 11:19:22 -0600 Carlos Hernan Vergara Bricenio answered > I did some research on foraging distances of African honey bees in a tropical > forest in Panama, using their dance comunication . The longest distance I > could measure with precision was 13,669.7 meters and I had some dancers > that were indicating they were flying farther, but after this distance the > curve turns asymptotic so, no precise reading is possible. There is a > reference to a similar work done with European honey bees: > > Visscher, P. K. & T. D. Seeley. 1982. Ecology 63 (6): 1790-1801 Okay, the longest foraging distance is an interesting point to know, but the beekeepers is more interested by the average wing distance of his bees ! That is evident in the question of Nick . This average (and probably the maximum too) varies from a strain of bee to another. On this point of view, see after the opinion of Brother Adam (today 95 old) in his book (Northern Bee Books ed) : About the wing-power he said (1982): (p. 59) " I may quote an example from my own experience. Until 1916 when we had " the Old-English bee, which shared with the other West European races " an extraordinary wing-power, we regularly obtained a crop of heather " honey from our home apiary. The nearest heather was some 3.6 km " distant at a height of nearly 400 m above sea-level. In spite of this " distance and a rise of close to 400 m the native bee and her crosses " in 1915 made an average of 50 kg of heather honey per colony. Since " then only very seldom and then only when the weather was exceptionally " good have we had heather honey crops at this home apiary. So .. seems the N-Z description correct but you could record some experiences with your own bee lineage to reduce the difference (3-5km). Jean-Marie jmvandyck@quick.cc.fundp.ac.be ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 26 May 1994 10:16:59 +0000 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Rick Hough Subject: Repost: BEE-L FAQ [long] I got word that my prior attempts to post this FAQ didn't work so well. Sorry about that! Here is attempt #3. Maybe one of these days, my mail server will cooperate!! Well, here it is.... the long awaited BEE-L FAQ! I have taken the Frequently Asked Question (FAQ) list from the sci.agriculture.beekeeping newsgroup, and added a few BEE-L specific items to the front. Unless I get significant input requesting otherwise, I will update and repost this FAQ roughly once a month. Your help is needed to improve this FAQ! Please submit your comments, and contributions to this FAQ to Rick Hough (rshough@tasc.com), or Adam Finkelstein (adamf@hopper.itc.virginia.edu). Sincerely, Rick Hough rshough@tasc.com * * * * * * BEE-L FAQ * * * * * * updated May 25, 1994 What is BEE-L? BEE-L is a computerized e-mail list. All e-mail sent to the BEE-L address is duplicated and mailed to all the current subscribers on the list. The listserver (the computer that runs the list) maintains a log (archive) of all messages, and list members may request a copy of the log. The archive has a separate file for each month, and these files are currently saved for about a year. To access the listserve computer itself (i.e. to subscribe to or unsubscribe from BEE-L, to request a log file, etc.), send e-mail to the listserver address. Don't send control messages to the BEE-L address, because the message will just be sent to everyone on the list, and the computer will not do what you wanted it to do. Note that most control messages contain the list name (BEE-L) somewhere in the command, as the listserve computer generally runs many lists at any given time. How do I post a message to BEE-L? If you are on the Internet, send an e-mail message to bee- l@uacsc2.albany.edu If you are on BitNet, address your e-mail to bee-l@ALBANY.BITNET Any message received at these addresses will be duplicated and mailed to everyone currently subscribed to the BEE-L list. How do I subscribe to, or unsubscribe from BEE-L? Send mail to the listserve computer (from the Internet the address is listserv@uacsc2.albany.edu from BitNet, the address is listserv@ALBANY.BITNET To SUBSCRIBE, the body of your message must contain the line: SUBSCRIBE BEE-L You may abbreviate SUBSCRIBE with SUB. Be sure to substitute your real name for the placeholder. You do not need quotes or any other delimiters surrounding your name. The listserve computer will determine your address from the "From:" header in your message. To UNSUBSCRIBE, the body of your message must contain the line: SIGNOFF BEE-L You may substitute either UNSUBSCRIBE or UNSUB for the SIGNOFF in this command to remove your subscription to the list If your address has changed since you subscribed, this command will fail - write to YOUR local POSTMAST/POSTMASTER/POSTMSTR id for assistance. If that fails, then write to OWNER-BEE-L @ for assistance. If that fails, then write POSTMAST/POSTMASTER/POSTMSTR@ ( = ALBANY.BITNET if you are on BitNet. = uacsc2.albany.edu if you are on Internet). To avoid this problem, UNSUBSCRIBE from BEE-L before you move to a new e-mail address, and then resubscribe from your new address. How do I get help using the listserver? Send a message to the listserver, with the one word HELP in the body of the message. Address the message to listserv@albany.bitnet if you are on BitNet, or address it to listserv@uacsc2.albany.edu if you are on the Internet. The listserver will mail a help document back to you. Sending the message INFO ? will cause the listserver to mail you a list of additional help documents that are available. These additional documents are requested by sending the message INFO (be sure to substitute the desired document name for ) Sci.agriculture.beekeeping FAQ 5/24/94 This is the first FAQ for Sci.agriculture.beekeeping. A FAQ file is dynamic, and changes as information is added and deleted, hopefully to be archived for reference. If you think something is missing, or need something that is not here, then by all means ask, suggest, demand but do not be shy! This file is for all beekeepers. POINTERS TO APICULTURAL INFORMATION ON INTERNET Sci.agriculture.beekeeping Usenet newsgroup Bee-l@uacsc2.albany.edu Listserv List sun1.oardc.ohio-state.edu Anonymous ftp sun1.oardc.ohio-state.edu Gopher (comments on the above to postmaster@sun1.oardc.ohio-state.edu) Beekeeping FAQ's (frequently asked questions) Via email. How to use: Email to HINT.103@beenet.com on subject line put the name of FAQ : HONEY ADULTERATION FAQ Last update 5-12-94 name * NEW or UPDATED _________ HINT.IND THIS INDEX * usda-bee.lab Address & Info on Sending Dead bee samples (1992) * formic.txt Warning on use of Formic Acid by beekeepers (1992) * propolis Jerry Bronenshenk on PROPOLIS (1994) * 4-H.txt 4-H joins the Internet (1993) * FSHEET11 INFORMATION US BEEKEEPING (ARS 1992) HINT.101 SOURCES OF BEEKEEPING INFORMATION HINT.102 HONEY AND ITS USES HINT.103 HONEY ADULTERATION HINT.104 FLORIDA BEE INSPECTION HINT.105 FLORIDA BEARS AND BEEKEEPING HINT.106 HONEY HOUSE SANITATION HINT.107 FLORIDA HONEY LABELING REGULATIONS HINT.108 PRODUCING SECTION (COMB) HONEY HINT.109 EXHIBITING HONEY HINT.110 SAMPLE POLLINATION AGREEMENT HINT.111 SOLAR BEESWAX RENDERING AND HINTS FOR EXHIBITING WAX BLOCKS HINT.112 EXTENSION APICULTURAL VISUAL AIDS HINT.113 USING HONEY IN LARGE-QUANTITY RECIPES HINT.115 GOOD NEIGHBOR GUIDELINES AND ORDINANCES HINT.116 CHALKBROOD RECOMMENDATIONS HINT.117 HONEY MARKETING SURVEY HINT.118 PRODUCING POLLEN HINT.119 FINANCIAL MANGEMENT FOR BEEKEEPERS HINT.120 UPWARD VENTILATION HINT.121 WAX MOTH CONTROL HINT.122 BEE STINGS AND REACTIONS HINT.123 EXTENSION APICULTURE IN FLORIDA HINT.124 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND RATIOS FOR BEEKEEPING OPERATIONS HINT.125 PRESERVING WOODENWARE IN BEEKEEPING OPERATIONS HINT.126 THE VALUE OF POLLINATION BY HONEY BEES HINT.127 THE VARROA BEE MITE HINT.128 INFANT BOTULISM AND HONEY HINT.129 HONEY JUDGING AND STANDARDS HINT.130 USING THE HONEY REFRACTOMETER HINT.131 OBSERVATION BEE HIVES All Hints courtesy of Malcolm T. Sanford, Cooperative Extension Service Thanks to Andy Nachbaur (Andy.Nachbaur@beenet.com) for putting this together. Andy coordinates wildbees bbs, disseminating beekeeping information worldwide. I've heard he has a few colonies of bees too... crl.com Anonymous ftp password /users/ro/robbee/BEE> +%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+% % robbee@crl.com box 721 healdsburg ca 95448 % +%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+%+% sunsite.unc.edu Anonymous ftp, gopher, telnet /pub/academic/agriculture/sustainable_agriculture/beekeeping /pub/academic/agriculture/sustainable_agriculture/beekeeping/newsletters/apis ucdavis.edu Anonymous ftp /pub/extension/4h-youth/bee-keeping Entomology World Wide-Web Server at Colorado State University http:// www.colostate.edu/Depts/Entomology/ent.html Questions about accessing these sources may be answered locally or by reading news.answers,news.announce.newusers or by writing me, and I'll try to point you in the best direction.(adamf@hopper.itc.virginia.edu) Please don't be afraid to ask! FAQ The following list of FAQ was compiled by Rick Hough (rshough@tasc.com) Thank you Rick for a fine job. Now, need your input for the answers. Why did my beehive die? What is the difference between Honey Bees and other stinging insects? How do I recognize a honey bee? Why do Bees Sting? What Should I do if there are bees flying all around me? What is the best treatment for a bee sting? What about allergic reactions? Is it true that all bees/honeybees will more likely attack things that are tall/dark/furry-hairy/smelly (what kind of smells?) ? What is Apitherapy? What is an African Bee, and how do I recognize it? Why are African Bees called "Killer Bees?" Are African Bees really dangerous? Do I have to worry about African Bees? (will African Bees be moving into my neighborhood?) How far north will the "killer Bees" get, and when? Bibliography of children's books on bees. Bibliography of beekeeping texts. Bibliography of biology (habitat, parasites, etc.) Protective gear. Finding Queens. Regulatory and research people and their addresses. AHB Progress and news. What is the National Honey Board? How do I find a local beekeeper? What is a swarm -are they dangerous Are their different races of honeybees? What are they and how do they differ? Supering. Pollen Production. Honey Production. Queen Rearing. Social Order. Lore. Bee Deterrent? Swarm removal? Mail or post your input so we may have some FAQs to FAQ for the next FAQ file. -- =============================================================================== = Adam Finkelstein adamf@hopper.itc.virginia.edu adamf@vtaix.cc.vt.edu =============================================== |Bees To Please| ========== = ====================================================================== **end of BEE-L FAQ*** ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 26 May 1994 09:30:16 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Blair J. Sampson" Subject: Re: africanized bees In-Reply-To: <9405251543.AA29701@ag.auburn.edu> Alunos, There are a few morphometric methods for determining if a bee is african or European. I don't know the specifics. However I've heard that workers of A.m. scutellata are slightly smaller than European honey bees. Wing measurements are used by inspectors to make on the spot identifications, if the bees are believed to be african, they are sent to a lab for a more comprehensive examination. You could contact Cathy Deweese, the administrative secretary for the bureau of apiary inspection (Division of Plant Science, Gainesville, Florida.). She might be able to help you. Her number is (904)372-3505 ext.114 or FAX:(904)372-2501. Don't get to close!!! Blair Blair J. Sampson Dept. of Entomology Auburn University Alabama 36849-5413 bsampson@ag.auburn.edu ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 26 May 1994 15:42:44 GMT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Donald Ambler Subject: BEES AS AIR QUALITY MONITORS\BIO-INDICATORS Hello I am new to this newsgroup and internet in general, however, in the brief time I have been reading the "traffic", it's mind boggling to discover the potential. As the resident keeper in our office, I field many questions. One just this week was from a colleque who had just returned from a conference on "Science and the Management of Protected Areas". A discussion arose re using bees to monitor air quality. Has anyone info on this or references to papers on the subject. If I get a reply, it will also tell me that I can really post a message. This is somewhat like the light in the frig, one trusts that it goes off when the door is shut, but who really knows? Don Ambler, Member BK89003, Nova Scotia Beekeepers Association Bedford, Nova Scotia Canada ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 26 May 1994 11:03:26 -0600 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Beverly Subject: stingless bees I am a graduate student doing work on beeswax and was wondering if anyone has wax from the stingless species of bees nataive to Mexico and South America? I am interested to see how much different the composition of Apis wax is from the stingless species. If anyone has any suggestions or helpful ideas, please let me know. Thanks for all the responses to the bumblebee wax question, it really helped me out. Thanks again, Michael Beverly ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 26 May 1994 11:06:21 PDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Adrian Wenner Subject: Re: BEES AS AIR QUALITY MONITORS\BIO-INDICATORS > Hello > > > I am new to this newsgroup and internet in general, however, in the > brief time I have been reading the "traffic", it's mind boggling to > discover the potential. As the resident keeper in our office, I > field many questions. One just this week was from a colleque who > had just returned from a conference on "Science and the Management > of Protected Areas". A discussion arose re using bees to monitor > air quality. Has anyone info on this or references to papers on the > subject. If I get a reply, it will also tell me that I can really > post a message. This is somewhat like the light in the frig, one > trusts that it goes off when the door is shut, but who really > knows? > > Don Ambler, Member BK89003, Nova Scotia Beekeepers Association > Bedford, Nova Scotia > Canada Don, Check with jjbmail@selway.umt.edu Jerry Bromenshank at the Univ. of Montana *************************************************************** * Adrian Wenner E-Mail wenner@lifesci.lscf.ucsb.edu * * Department of Biology Office Phone (805) 893-2838 * * University of California Lab Phone (805) 893-2838 * * Santa Barbara, CA 93106 FAX (805) 893-4724 * *************************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 26 May 1994 19:50:17 -0300 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Alunos da Zootecnia Subject: imunology I would like to know something about bee venom imunology. I am not a member of the bee-list, so please send the information to (cazusp@cat.cce.uspbr) thank you for your reply Micuim ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 26 May 1994 19:57:55 -0300 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Alunos da Zootecnia Subject: honey wine I'd like to know how to make some alcoholic drink with honey, I also would like to know if it tastes good. thanks Alexandre Rossi (cazusp@cat.cce.uspbr) I am not a member of bitnet. ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 27 May 1994 00:04:08 BSC Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Aldevino Ribeiro da Silva Organization: FUEM/Fundacao Universidade Estadual de Maringa - Parana - Brasil. Subject: news questions about propolis Hello all Firstly sorry my english ... My questions are about the pellicle that form on solution PROPOLIS Exemple: I make blend of 5 parts propolis and one part cereal alcohol then I have a solution 16.6 %. This solution put in repose 30 days. After is filtered by paper filter . When I placed +- 5 drop in water, this react and I've a solution whitish now . In superfice emerge a pellicle ... What is composition of this pellice ? It keep effects , chemical or in nutrition ? Effects in the digestion, absorption interference of the other nutritious ... vitamine, carbohydrates ? It is absorpted ? The cloridric acid of the stomach (react, dissolve, consume) make decomposition ? Will be possible it to revest the stomach or intestine.. to prejudice some absorption ???? Thank's all in advanced for some help ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 27 May 1994 12:02:01 +0100 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jean-Marie Van Dyck Subject: Re: honey wine Alexandre Rossi asked ... > I'd like to know how to make some alcoholic drink with honey, > I also would like to know if it tastes good. Hi Alexandre and all ! Yes ... that's a drink english speaking name "mead" ("hydromel" in french) There is a lot of possibilities to do it ... A list of discussion aboud Mead exist : the Mead-lovers digest list It's a ... Forum for Discussion of Mead Making and Consuming Dick Dunn, Digest Coordinator ------ recommendations ... Send ONLY articles for the digest to mead-lovers@eklektix.com. Use mead-lovers-request@eklektix.com for subscribe, unsubscribe, and admin requests. When subscribing, please include your name and a good address in the message body unless you're sure your mailer generates them. There is an FTP archive of the digest on sierra.stanford.edu in pub/mead. If you have email access but not ftp, it will accept "listserv" requests. Send email with message "help" to listserv@sierra.stanford.edu. ------ Hope this helps !! Jean-Marie jmvandyck@quick.cc.fundp.ac.be ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 27 May 1994 12:48:27 +0100 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jean-Marie Van Dyck Subject: Re: Propolis Hi all bee-lovers ! On Fri, 27 May 1994 00:04:08 BSC Aldevino Ribeiro da Silva asked : > My questions are about the pellicle that form on solution PROPOLIS > > Exemple: I make blend of 5 parts propolis and one part cereal alcohol > then I have a solution 16.6 %. This solution put in repose 30 days. > After is filtered by paper filter . When I placed +- 5 drop in water, > this react and I've a solution whitish now . > In superfice emerge a pellicle ... This thin film *is* almost all the propolis which is quasi-insoluble in water the whitish = some colloidal particles of propolis which form an emulsion. Don't forget : propolis is only soluble in organic solvents as methanol ethanol, DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide), ether, etc. Only few components are soluble in common water ==> but it is freely soluble in water, ** at high pH ** It is thus soluble in 1. ammonia, washing soda, and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions, 2. tri-sodium phosphate solutions = okay to remove it from fingers, clothes, glasses, etc [use the powder directly onto the propolis and remove the whole stuff with ordinary soap or detergent] 3. dish-washer detergents because their high pH. > Effects in the digestion, absorption interference of the other > nutritious ... vitamine, carbohydrates ? > It is absorpted ? > The cloridric acid of the stomach (react, dissolve, consume) > make decomposition ? > Will be possible it to revest the stomach or intestine.. > to prejudice some absorption ???? I don't know ... but seems it may be emulsified by the digestion elements. And later : cells membranes interactions ... membranes incorporation or phagocytosis : it's a physiologist problem ... Jean-Marie jmvandyck@quick.cc.fundp.ac.be ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 27 May 1994 08:47:07 -0300 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Harvey Hyde Subject: Re: BEES AS AIR QUALITY MONITORS\BIO-INDICATORS In-Reply-To: <9405261543.AA00604@bud.peinet.pe.ca> My bees have monitored the air here on PEI and found it to wet to fly in these days. I also have a couple of hives, am a member of the local beekeepers association and am the resident beekeeper in our office (dept. of Educaton). Harvey Hyde hhyde@peinet.pe.ca ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 27 May 1994 08:46:46 -0600 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Carlos Hernan Vergara Bricenio Subject: Re: stingless bees In-Reply-To: <9405261711.AA05541@pue.udlap.mx> On Thu, 26 May 1994, Beverly wrote: > I am a graduate student doing work on beeswax and was wondering if anyone has > wax from the stingless species of bees nataive to Mexico and South America? I > am interested to see how much different the composition of Apis wax is from the > stingless species. If anyone has any suggestions or helpful ideas, please let me know. > Thanks for all the responses to the bumblebee wax question, it really helped me out. > Thanks again, > Michael Beverly I think it is possible that a person who has worked with meliponiculture in Yucatan for several years might be able to provide you with stingless bees wax. I know he keeps colonies of around ten different spp. His name and address follow: Jorge Gonzalez A. Departamento de Apicultura Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan Apartado Postal 116D 91700 Merida (Yucatan) MEXICO ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 27 May 1994 12:22:00 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: FS300022@SOL.YORKU.CA Subject: Re: honey wine There are many books on Honey Wine, usually called Mead. I have made it for about 10 years. It matures quickly, has a good "acquired" taste, and can be high ikn alcohol - as much as 16% v/v. Books by Roger Morse (U.S.A.) are probably the most recent abd reliable. The process is basically very simple. Dissolve honey in water, add yeast and perhaps a "yeast nutrient" such as Ammonium Phosphate (tiny amount) and let the thing ferment for about 2 weeks. It's best to control the whole operation with a winemakers hydrometer - measures the amount of dissolved sugar at any stage of the fermentation. An important trick is not to add too much honey at tge beginning - somewhere around 100 grams per litre is right. If you add too mcuh at the beginning the fermentation will stop before all the sugar has fermented. You can add more honey later (after about a week when the fermentation has subsided). Add in small amounts (about 25-50 grams per litre) and watch the fermentation restart. If you do this several times until more honey fails to restart the fermentation, you will finish with a strong wine (16% v/v alcohol) that is rich in flavour from all the honey that you added. Let it settle (takes weeks or months) or filter it to remove the yeast and it's ready to drink. Siphon off the wine with a rubber or plastic tube. You can make different tasting meads by using honey from different floral sources (or by adding fruit juices, herbs, etc). Many beekeepers use cappings from honey combs; mix the cappings (wet with honey) with warm water and strain through say muslin or cheescloth to remove the wax. When you do it this way you really need a winemaker's hydrometer to measure the amount of sugar (honey) dissolved from the cappings. Good Luck and Good Health ! Geoffrey Hunter, Toronto, Canada. FS300022@sol.yorku.ca ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 27 May 1994 10:33:05 PDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jane Beckman Subject: Re: honey wine I really recommend joining the mead list. The instructions here might give a high-alcohol mead, but are a lot more trouble than it's worth, at least for those of us who don't like high-alcohol highly-sweetened mead. There are many tastes and variations, from Ethiopian Taj (light sweetness and drunk very young) to syrupy dessert meads to fruit-and-honey melomels. The list will give some idea of the infinite variations on the theme and huge array of methods. Honey wines have been made in many countries and ages, and have acquired at least as many variations as beer. Jane B. [jane@swdc.stratus.com] ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 27 May 1994 13:34:41 PDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Adrian Wenner Subject: Re: Foraging distance of honeybees... >On Sat, 26 Mar 1994 Nick Wallingford (NICKW@WAIKATO.AC.NZ) wrote: > >> What is the longest distance that honeybees have been known to >> fly in search of forage? >> >> Here in NZ we often use 3-5 km in describing the area around a >> hive that bees are likely to travel. >> >> I do recall, however, a description of bees found to have flown 8 >> miles (?) from their hive in the course of some alfalfa research. >> The researcher was using the Cordovan strain as a marker for some >> reason in the experiment, and found bees from those hives in >> fields at the known distance from the only possible source of the >> bees. >> >> Does anyone know that reference? Alternatively, what other >> references are there to substantiated long distance foraging? The reference you requested is as follows: Eckert, J.E. 1933. The flight range of the honey bee. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH. 47:257-285. Eckert's results are very good, but researchers generally quote only his long-distance figures. His results are in table form -- I re-analyzed them and found that not everything is as quoted. Although a few fees from colonies foraged great distances, the important point was whether the colony could gain weight when it was more than a certain distance from its primary food source. In one study, colonies more than 1-2 km fared poorly. In another study (a large alfalfa acreage), colonies profited to some degree as far as 5-6 km away. In yet another study, it was evident that foraging was primarily in one direction from the colony (presumably upwind), even though fields were located in all directions from the colonies. All of this, of course, depends on how severe the competition is. When far too many colonies are in an area, colony foraging becomes restricted to relatively short distances. If I can find time, I would like to publish Eckert's results in graphic form, because the importance of his results would then be more obvious. Adrian *************************************************************** * Adrian Wenner E-Mail wenner@lifesci.lscf.ucsb.edu * * Department of Biology Office Phone (805) 893-2838 * * University of California Lab Phone (805) 893-2838 * * Santa Barbara, CA 93106 FAX (805) 893-4724 * *************************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 27 May 1994 13:40:42 PDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Adrian Wenner Subject: Re: Dance Language article >For everyone's information, Wolfgang Kirchner and William Towne >have an article in the June '94 issue of _Scientific American_ >"The Sensory Basis of the Honeybee's Dance Language" appears >on pages 74-80. I haven't had a chance to read the article yet, but >thought that folks might be interested in it. > >Rick Hough, Hamilton, MA, USA >rshough@tasc.com Thank you, Rick, for bringing this article to the attention of BEE-L subscribers, permitting me an opportunity to clarify some important points. It is not unusual for people relatively new to science to make somewhat fantastic claims on the basis of little evidence (especially in magazines such as SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, which has consistently promoted the notion of honey bee "language"). A note of caution to all interested, however. Before rushing out and spending another half a million dollars or so on "robot bee" research, consider the following: 1) In 1970 Gould, Henerey, and MacLeod published excellent data on the fact that very few of the recruits that leave the hive after attending REAL dancers actually succeed in finding the target food source. Those that do succeed take an exceptionally long time to do so (and thus obviously do not fly directly "toward the target" as claimed in the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN article). 2) As Visscher and Seeley in 1982 and I also reported in 1962, the error in the dance maneuver is exceptionally great, certainly not "exact distance and direction from the nest" as claimed in the article. 3) As Wells and I documented and published in 1971, if one completely controls against odor (and odor artifacts), recruits cannot find the target food source (that is why Kirchner and co-workers had to use odor in their experiments to obtain recruitment). 4) In 1973 Friesen showed that, if only a few bees travel between hive and target, recruitment at any appreciable distance downwind from the hive does not occur. 5) An analysis of the results published by Kirchner and co-workers in 1989 revealed that the results they reported at that time were actually random. Not even the two real bees in their experiments succeeded in recruiting other bees to the proper distance, for instance. (If real bees cannot do so, how can a "robot bee" succeed?) All of the above and other points are summarized in the following publication: Wenner, A.M., D. Meade, and L. J. Friesen. 1991. Recruitment, search behavior, and flight ranges of honey bees. AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST. 31(6):768-782. A more comprehensive treatment of this problem can be found in: Wenner, A.M. and P.H. Wells. 1990. ANATOMY OF A CONTROVERSY: THE QUESTION OF A "LANGUGE" AMONG BEES. Columbia University Press. Ever more bee researchers no longer accept the Kirchner-Towne claim that "James L. Gould of Princeton University later punctured the odor hypothesis." Neither is it obvious that the robot bee experiments "...have ended several debates surrounding the dance language." * * * * * For more than two decades we have been treated to one claim or another that the bee "language" issue has finally been resolved. Each claim, however, has stressed the point that previous claims lacked sufficient foundation. Will history repeat itself once again? Perhaps the major problem in this affair is that "language" proponents embrace results that support their belief system and dismiss results that do not fit the hypothesis. In the world of science, however, it is not always wise to pursue that course. NATURE has a way of catching up to us. And I have yet to find a beekeeper who has benefited from the dance "language" hypothesis in its 50 years of existence. In that connection, see: Wenner, A.M. and P.H. Wells. 1987. The honey bee dance language controversy: The ;search for "truth" vs. the search for useful information. AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 127(20): 130-131. *************************************************************** * Adrian Wenner E-Mail wenner@lifesci.lscf.ucsb.edu * * Department of Biology Office Phone (805) 893-2838 * * University of California Lab Phone (805) 893-2838 * * Santa Barbara, CA 93106 FAX (805) 893-4724 * *************************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 27 May 1994 18:13:25 -0300 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Gilberto Subject: microbial pest. x bees I have been doing some oworks on the effect of microbial pesticides on honeybees. I have recently submitted a question to bee-list concerning this subject, and I received a very interesting answer from someone that works with this subject. He mentioned that he was going to Washington to participate in a meeting on this subject. He recommended me to write to him, but unfortunately, I lost his e-mail address. I would appreciate it if he could send me a note again, please. Thanks. Gilberto. ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 28 May 1994 17:50:31 GMT Reply-To: Gordon@apis.demon.co.uk Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Gordon Scott Subject: Newsletters Hi, I now have ASCII texts of Basingstoke Association newsletters from 1990. Please post me if you would like a copy (three files about 45k, two about 10k). -- Gordon Scott Gordon@apis.demon.co.uk 100332,3310 on CompuServe Newsletter Beekeeper@apis.demon.co.uk ditto Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG22 5HP, UK Basingstoke & District Beekeepers' Association, Hampshire, England. ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 30 May 1994 07:20:00 +1200 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: NICKW@WAIKATO.AC.NZ Subject: Re: Foraging distance of honeybees... Thank you to all who contributed and answered my question in various forms. I did in fact, finally, remember where I had seen the Eckert reference and found the information I required. I was after, in fact, a 'scare' distance. I need to refer to the maximum distance that bees had been known to fly to forage, rather than an *effective* distance beyond which it is unlikely they would forage efficiently. It related to the distance from beehives that pest control officers were to place a substance that was (1) poisonous to bees and (2) attractive to bees. We had previously quoted the 3-5 km as being a 'normally expected' foraging distance, but wanted also to give an extreme that could be substantiated. As for those extreme distances, I have always quoted some mythical person who referred to bees ability to know distance to source, quantity of source and quality (sugar content) and that bees were able to 'put these together' to know if a particular source was (net) better than another and whether a source was (net) better than just staying home (does it cost more energy to fly there and back than is brought back?). Again, thank you for assisting me - I found the answers informative and interesting. ------------------------------------- Nick Wallingford Bay of Plenty Polytechnic (East coast, N Island, New Zealand) Internet nickw@waikato.ac.nz ------------------------------------- ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 29 May 1994 22:50:43 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Keith Murray Subject: Re: honey wine In-Reply-To: <199405262305.AA29712@access.mbnet.mb.ca> On Thu, 26 May 1994, Alunos da Zootecnia wrote: > I'd like to know how to make some alcoholic drink with honey, > I also would like to know if it tastes good. > thanks Alexandre Rossi > (cazusp@cat.cce.uspbr) I am not a member of bitnet. What you are looking for is called mead. I've made it using hops for flavouring and a champagne yeast. Most home-brew shops carry recipes that will give quantities of acid and nutrients required. ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 29 May 1994 14:39:05 BSC Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Vagner de Alencar Arnaut de Toledo Organization: FUEM/Fundacao Universidade Estadual de Maringa - Parana - Brasil. Subject: weak bees Hi, for all My honeybees (AHB and italian hybrids) are very weak. Other bees in the same region - are normally good - What did happen or what is happenning??? The temperature here (now) is 18-20 Celsius degree It is the early of winter by VAgner ======================================================================== VAGNER TOLEDO +++ +++ UNIV. EST. MARINGA - DZO ___---___ BIENE 00) (00 ODER COLOMBO AV. 3690 00) (00 BIENE? 87020-900 MARINGA - PR - BRAZIL (-=======-) TEL. (044) 2262727 R.319 ,% %%& &. (!!!!!!!!!) .% %&% % FAX. 00-55-044-2222754 ,% *(!!!!!!!)* %, * ( ) * * ( ! ) * BITNET: VGTOLEDO AT BRFUEM * " * ======================================================================== ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 30 May 1994 19:35:21 BSC Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Vagner de Alencar Arnaut de Toledo Organization: FUEM/Fundacao Universidade Estadual de Maringa - Parana - Brasil. Subject: varroa Hi for all, I would like to know: In USA, exist Varroa jacobsoni?? if yes, where? when - introduction (with references, if possible). With Regards, Vagner Toledo ======================================================================== VAGNER TOLEDO +++ +++ UNIV. EST. MARINGA - DZO ___---___ BIENE 00) (00 ODER COLOMBO AV. 3690 00) (00 BIENE? 87020-900 MARINGA - PR - BRAZIL (-=======-) TEL. (044) 2262727 R.319 ,% %%& &. (!!!!!!!!!) .% %&% % FAX. 00-55-044-2222754 ,% *(!!!!!!!)* %, * ( ) * * ( ! ) * BITNET: VGTOLEDO AT BRFUEM * " * ======================================================================== ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 30 May 1994 19:39:29 BSC Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Vagner de Alencar Arnaut de Toledo Organization: FUEM/Fundacao Universidade Estadual de Maringa - Parana - Brasil. Subject: sanfoin For bee lovers, What scientific name of sanfoin?? (help) I saw in the American Bee Journal, February (1994). and I want to know this plant. Thanks Vagner Toledo ======================================================================== VAGNER TOLEDO +++ +++ UNIV. EST. MARINGA - DZO ___---___ BIENE 00) (00 ODER COLOMBO AV. 3690 00) (00 BIENE? 87020-900 MARINGA - PR - BRAZIL (-=======-) TEL. (044) 2262727 R.319 ,% %%& &. (!!!!!!!!!) .% %&% % FAX. 00-55-044-2222754 ,% *(!!!!!!!)* %, * ( ) * * ( ! ) * BITNET: VGTOLEDO AT BRFUEM * " * ======================================================================== ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 31 May 1994 11:12:55 +0100 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jean-Marie Van Dyck Subject: Re: sanfoin ? On Mon, 30 May 1994 19:39:29 BSC Vagner Toledo asked ... > What scientific name of sanfoin?? (help) > I saw in the American Bee Journal, February (1994). > and I want to know this plant. Seems it's a fodder from the clover familly (in french "sainfoin") mainly used for horses on poor grounds. Name: Onobrychis sativa Lam. Good honey production ! Jean-Marie jmvandyck@quick.cc.fundp.ac.be ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 31 May 1994 12:01:55 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jeffrey Young Subject: Home remidy for sting Other than meat tenderizer, is there any easy home remedies for bee stings? thanks, Jeff Young Jeffrey_Young.LOTUS@crd.lotus.com ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 31 May 1994 10:47:26 -0600 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jerry J Bromenshenk Subject: Re: BEES AS AIR QUALITY MONITORS\BIO-INDICATORS In-Reply-To: from "Adrian Wenner" at May 26, 94 11:06:21 am Hi: My apologies to the List, but my system doesn't always provide the return addresses and this is the only contact I have if the sender doesn't add their address in a signature file. For those asking who is doing research on bees as monitors of air quality and advanced methods for testing the effects of microbial insecticides (esp., exotic and engineered forms), I guess that they are looking for my research group. For the Canadians, I will be presenting some of this work next week Tuesday as part of an invited panel on biomonitors of environmental quality at an International Conference to be held at the University of Windsor, Ontario. I would love a chance to meet some of you. Cheers Jerry Bromenshenk The University of Montana Missoula, MT 59812-1002 406-243-5648 jjbmail@selway.umt.edu ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 31 May 1994 10:34:31 PDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jane Beckman Subject: Re: Home remidy for sting I've found ammonia works well. I've even used "smelling salts" poppers out of my first aid kit as a topical application to stings, with fairly good results. (I'm one of those radical first aid types who used to volunteer for the Red Cross and still carries a *toolbox* full of first aid supplies!) --Jane B. [jane@swdc.stratus.com] ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 31 May 1994 14:23:52 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Gordon L. Scott (U.K.)" <100332.3310@COMPUSERVE.COM> Subject: Sainfoin Hi Vagner, Sanfoin is Onobrychis viciifolia (formerly O. sativa) according to my reference. (leguminosae) ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 31 May 1994 18:09:22 BSC Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Vagner de Alencar Arnaut de Toledo Organization: FUEM/Fundacao Universidade Estadual de Maringa - Parana - Brasil. Subject: THANKS HELLO, THANKS FOR THE ANSWERS OF MY QUESTIONS||| BYE Vagner Toledo