========================================================================= Date: Mon, 1 Aug 1994 15:04:16 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Malcolm (Tom) Sanford, Florida Extension Apiculturist" Subject: July issue of APIS Distributed to: USR:[MTS]INTERNET.DIS;20, mts FILENAME: JULAPIS.94 Florida Extension Beekeeping Newsletter Apis--Apicultural Information and Issues (ISSN 0889-3764) Volume 12, Number 7, July 1994 AHB INVASION RUNS OUT OF STEAM? Reports of African honey bee (AHB) colonization of western Texas continue, but the movement appears to have slowed significantly. And in neighboring New Mexico and Arizona, confirmed finds may be from swarms moving across the Mexican border, rather than migrating westward. The biggest question mark concerns California which has yet to be officially invaded by this insect, although there have been confirmed finds near the state line. In east Texas as well, the AHB has not advanced as far as previous predictions indicated. The insect has yet to reach Houston and it's now been over three years since the first colony was found in the state. Has the invasion indeed run out of steam, and if so, why? These questions as yet have no answers, but already the press is writing about the phenomenon. There are some intriguing reasons for the slowdown suggested by Mr. Laurence Cutts, Florida's Chief Apiary Inspector, and others examining the situation. The weather in the region has been generally unfavorable (colder winters, later springs) for feral bees. The bees may be approaching their climatic limits; the present distribution when compared with that predicted by Dr. Orley Taylor over a decade ago shows great correspondence. Texas is a very large state; perhaps the AHB will take some time to reach saturation in certain areas before the invasion can continue. In addition, the AHB wave from Mexico has also met a challenge that it didn't face in that country, the Varroa mite. Nor can the potential ravages of chalkbrood, the foulbroods and tracheal mites on wild populations be discounted. There is more than a little bit of irony in the realization that the beekeeping industry's nemeses might become allies in stemming the AHB tide. Another suggestion is that the imported fire ant, well entrenched in southern Texas, is responsible for predation on AHB colonies. Nests in scrub are quite near the ground and migrating swarms are small. There are reports that these ants are also becoming more effective predators on managed European colonies in Florida. And what of the consequences of hybridization? Increased rate of genetic crossing among AHBs, feral European bees and those managed by Texas beekeepers could be responsible for restraining the migration. The situation is quite different than in tropical areas of Mexico and Central America. There, bees of European origin had not formed large feral populations, providing limited competition to the invaders, and over time, those in managed colonies were almost completely replaced by AHB. Hybrids that developed between European bees and AHB in the wild did not appear to persist (See February and March 1992 APIS). Unlike in more tropical areas, a population of feral European bees already exists in Texas. This means greater competition for the AHB in the wild. It will also be a continuing source of genetic material above and beyond managed colonies to produce hybrids. And the resultant hybrid population might persist longer in these temperate regions than was the case further south. However, they could still be at some disadvantage. Hybrids may not be so migratory, one of the reasons suggested for AHB resistance to mites and pathogens. This fact, along with addition of European genetic material, could make them more vulnerable to a host of problems than are AHBs. In the end, no single cause is probably responsible for checking the bees' advance. However, all of the above reasons taken together could make a formidable barrier keeping AHB populations at bay. TRACKING HONEY BEE ANCESTRY Even a cursory review of the apicultural literature reveals that over hundreds of years honey bees have been imported from all over the world. The results of this activity have been variable. Among the successes would be introduction of the Italian bee (Apis mellifera ligustica) which materially improved commercial bee stocks, and is in general use today throughout the country. A notable failure was the Cyprian bee (Apis mellifera cypria), considered too defensive by most beekeepers. It has almost been eliminated from the U.S. gene pool. In 1922, legislation to control importation effectively reduced genetic immigration. However, legal and illegal introductions have continued. Considering the sheer number of importations, the question arises concerning the eventual fate of these bees in the U.S. Dr. Eric Mussen posed this question in his latest newsletter, From the UC Apiaries, while reporting on a study by N.M. Schiff and W.S. Sheppard in the Journal Experientia, Vol. 49, pp. 530-532, 1993. The study's authors did not address Dr. Mussen's specific question. Their purpose was to look at the genetic variation of feral populations in the southern U.S. and find out if the AHB invasion could be adequately monitored using existing European genetic markers. They did this by analyzing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). There are two primary sources of DNA in multicellular animals. The one most heard about, often touted by the press as the best crime fighting tool since the fingerprint, is from the nucleus of the cell. This DNA is the chemical information that determines the form of the organism and much of its behavior. It is inherited from both the mother and the father and can effectively be used to make unique identifications. But there is another kind of DNA. It is found in small energy-producing capsules outside the nucleus of the cell. These organelles are called mitochondria (the singular is mitochondrion). In multicellular animals, DNA associated with the mitochondria is only inherited from the mother. This provides the means to track maternal ancestry . All bees in a colony have the same mtDNA, inherited from one single individual, their queen. Pioneering studies on mtDNA by Drs. Glenn Hall at the University of Florida and Deborah Smith, University of Kansas, provide evidence that feral swarms of African maternal lines were primarily responsible for AHB migration in the tropics. Study of human mtDNA also gives rise to the provocative idea that all humanity descended from a single Eve. The Experientia study looked at 422 feral bee colonies sampled from areas not undergoing AHB invasion. The bees came from nine states (Florida was not included). Collection was restricted to wild colonies, including those relocated, but not requeened by beekeepers. The results are as follows: State Mitochondrial Types Total African Mel/Ibr Car/Lig AL 1 14 24 39 GA - 4 28 32 LA - 10 41 51 MS 2 14 31 47 NC - 3 27 30 NM - 7 54 61 OK - - 3 3 SC - 21 59 80 TX 1 19 59 79 Total(%) 4 (0.9) 92( 21.8) 326 (77.3) 422 Mel/Ibr refers to two European honey bee races (Apis mellifera mellifera and Apis mellifera iberica). The former is the German or dark bee, while the latter is the Iberian bee, native of the Spanish peninsula. These are grouped together and considered "western" races. The "eastern" races include A. mellifera carnica (Carniolan bee) and A. mellifera ligustica (Italian bee), designated above as Car/Lig; both are thought to make up the majority of the present U.S. commercial honey bee stock. The eastern and western groups have been separated on the basis of mtDNA structure. The African mtDNA was from the Egyptian honey bee, Apis mellifera lamarckii, not Apis mellifera scutellata, considered to be the ancestor of the AHB. When analyzing the results of this study, it is important to understand that the percentages noted above are only of mtDNA types found in wild U.S. honey bees. They do not necessarily translate into bee types. For example, even though four colonies were found with African mtDNA, the authors identified the individual bees as "European" using morphometrics. Thus, no bees determined to be "Africanized" are present in the above samples. This is problematic. Presence of lamarckii mtDNA is a certain indication of African ancestry. Is it reasonable to correlate percentages of a certain mtDNA type to a specific population? One school of thought says no, because mtDNA really may have no effect on a bee's structure or behavior which are considered superior measures of identification. However, different mtDNAs may result in different capabilities. Enzymes coded by mtDNA are responsible for energy production in the cell and must interact with those coded by nuclear DNA. These functions may contribute to the differences in metabolic capacities of African, European and hybrid honey bees discovered by Drs. Glenn Hall at the University of Florida and Jon Harrison, Arizona State University (see APIS June, 1993). In addition, because mtDNA is inherited as a total package from the mother, its presence means that it came from an unbroken maternal lineage. In the case of the lamarckii mtDNA identified in the Experientia study, the time line could reach as far back as the 1860s. It is tempting, therefore, to make a correlation of mtDNA types with bee populations. Dr. Mussen surrendered to this in his article, concluding: "It will be interesting to see if the 22% of feral bees with 'non-commercial' lineage can survive the competition of AHBs for their feral territory." STATUS OF U.S. BEEKEEPING F.L. Hoff and L.S. Willett have just released their study entitled The U.S. Beekeeping Industry. It is Agricultural Economic Report Number 680, published by the USDA Economic Research Service, 69pp, May 1994. This document is required reading for anyone interested in the changes taking place in the apicultural industry. The introduction states in part: "This report updates information on honey production, pollination and the relationship of the U.S. beekeeping industry to agriculture and the environment. The study was mandated in the Committee report that accompanied the Agriculture, Rural Development, and Related Agencies Appropriation Act of 1987. The mandate resulted from concern by beekeepers and members of Congress about problems, issues, and challenges that emerged during the 1980's with the potential to significantly alter the beekeeping industry. These concerns included northward migration of the Africanized honeybee, infestations of colonies by tracheal and Varroa mites, the widespread use of highly toxic pesticides, increasing honey imports, and efforts to discontinue the honey price support program." This report is an extremely valuable lobbying document. The authors should be congratulated for providing the industry with these facts and figures. The beekeeping community now has plenty of ammunition to back up its arguments for public support in many arenas. However, the time and expense to produce this document will go for naught, if those in the beekeeping industry do not actively use the information to its fullest potential. To obtain a copy call toll free 800/999-6779 in U.S. and Canada (other areas 703/834-0125) and ask for AER-680. The cost is $12.00 payable by Visa or MasterCard. To order a copy by first-class mail, send a check for $12.00 ($15.00 for Canada or elsewhere) made payable to ERS-NASS, 341 Victory Drive, Herndon, VA 22070. NOSEMA CONTROL Mr. Glen Stanley, Retired Iowa Apiary Inspector, provided some advice in a recent letter to the American Bee Journal. It was simple. If one controls nosema this helps the bees overcome other obstacles like tracheal mites. In other words, asks Mr. Stanley, "...why not begin fighting the battle where it would do the most good by getting bees cleared of nosema first." Another basis of good beekeeping, he says, is to remove all old, black combs (his emphasis), the source of bacteria, fungal spores and other materials the bees might unintentionally collect. Mr. Stanley's message must continually be kept in mind by beekeepers interested in getting the most from their colonies. Adhere to the fundamentals of beekeeping and the bees will take care of the rest. Sincerely, Malcolm T. Sanford Bldg 970, Box 110620 University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611-0620 Phone (904) 392-1801, Ext. 143 FAX: 904-392-0190 BITNET Address: MTS@IFASGNV INTERNET Address: MTS@GNV.IFAS.UFL.EDU ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 2 Aug 1994 09:34:01 MET Reply-To: DUESTER@giub.unibe.ch Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Horst Duester Subject: Re: Platforms Hi Mark, I am a semi professionel beekeeper, I work with PC-486 under WINDOWS 3.1. So long Horst Duester duester@giub.unibe.ch ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 2 Aug 1994 13:16:37 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Mark A. Templin" Subject: PC-BEEPOP FYI **PLEASE READ!** USDA SOFTWARE UPDATE: 08-02-94 Carl Hayden Bee Research Center USDA-ARS (Agriculture Research Service) !!!!!!!!!!!!!! ALL LIST MEMBERS -- PLEASE READ !!!!!!!!!!!!!! ---FYI--- PC-BEEPOP The program has evolved from simple, older conceptual mainframe code into an effective and complex simulation model. This model has been built in its entirety by Dr. Jerry Bromenshenk and his research team members at The University of Montana which have been noted for their excellence in research This continuing project is funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and beta-testing has almost begun on a newer and much expanded version of PC-BEEPOP. This dynamics model will NOT be available through our public domain system. IF YOU WOULD LIKE MORE INFORMATION on this excellent modeling program, PLEASE WRITE TO: DR. JERRY BROMENSHENK DIRECTOR OF ENERGY RESEARCH AND EDUCATION THE UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA MISSOULA, MONTANA 59812-1002 (e-mail:: jjbmail@selway.umt.edu) or call (406) 243-5648 FIND this back-issue of American Entomology: Winter Edition, 1993, Vol. 39, #4 pages 231-237. This article is an excellent resource for PC-BEEPOP and will lend great insight into this AWARD-WINNING model's conception and development! --- Concerning the availability of our software... When the software is ready to be distributed an anonymous FTP site will be made available on the Univ of ArizonaUs UNIX system. Access details and log-on instructions for first-time users will be posted as well. Stay tuned to the net for more information... Cheers, Mark Templin (candyman@ccit.arizona.edu) ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 2 Aug 1994 15:46:00 CST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: tdahms@SLEDGE-PO.WEEG.UIOWA.EDU Subject: August 1994 'Buzz' - Iowa Beekeepers Newsletter Submitted by: Terry Dahms, Pres. East Central Iowa Beekeepers internet: terry-dahms@uiowa.edu ------------------------------------------------------------------ THE BUZZ AUGUST, 1994 ------------------------------------------------------------------ A newsletter published monthly as a cooperative effort by The Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship and The Iowa Honey Producers Association (IHPA), an affiliate member of the Iowa Horticultural Society. Copy deadline is the 20th of each month. Your ideas, comments and letters are welcomed and encouraged. EDITOR: Bob Cox, State Apiarist, Iowa Dept. of Agriculture, Wallace Building, Des Monies, IA. 50319 Phone: (515) 281-5736. IHPA MEMBERSHIP: Membership dues in the Iowa Honey Producers Assn. are $5.00/year. Send to Gordon Powell, IHPA Treasurer. ------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE APIARIST REPORT We now have two field inspectors working in the western part of the state and the 12th of the month we will start inspecting in northeastern Iowa. We are looking for an experienced beekeeper to inspect for about 6-8 weeks this fall and 6-8 weeks next spring in the northcentral, central and/or the southeast part of the state. The beekeeper must reside in one of those areas to qualify. If you are interested or have any suggestions for someone who might be, give me a call at 515-281-5736. The honey flow has slowed considerably since June. However, many beekeepers are reporting a good crop from clover already and are hoping for some late flows from soybeans and wildflowers. The southeast part of the state looks to be the best, especially considering that they have had almost no crop for four years. This is a good time of the season to take some of that nice light colored honey off the hives and keep it separate. The extraction process is much simpler with fewer robbing bees and the honey temperature warmer. This is also a good time to prepare products to enter in the State Fair. All you need is six jars of honey, sections of comb honey, a frame of honey, a 3-pound chunk of beeswax, candles, or an observation beehive to enter. Fill out the entry form in last month's newsletter and send in with the nominal entry fee. If you need help getting entries to the fair in Des Moines, let me know, and I'll see if I can find someone else in your area who is coming to the fair. BOOK REVIEW: Almond Pollination Handbook by Joe Traynor You might ask why should an Iowa beekeeper be interested in a handbook on almond pollination. I'll give you two reasons. 1.) Many of the principles of pollinating almonds also apply to pollinating any crop, especially other tree fruits. 2.) The demand for honey bees to pollinate California almonds and the opportunity to earn some cash during an off-time of the year may be attractive to some Iowa beekeepers. The book is divided into two sections, the first section for the almond grower and the second for the beekeeper. Topics for the grower include: orchard design for pollination, renting bees, pollination management, bee removal and alternate insect pollinators. This section makes this book the ideal gift for an orchardist for which you are currently providing pollination services or a prospective customer. A similar manual for fruit growers in Iowa (primarily, apples and some cherries, pears, plums, peaches and apricots) would certainly be valuable. The section written for the beekeeper covers topics such as pollination agreements, state regulations, theft, bee delivery, pesticides, preparing colonies, bee removal, time and duration of bloom and grower-beekeeper communication. This 86-page handbook is well written and printed on nice glossy paper, well organized for easy reference, and has some nice color photography. And last, but not least, the price is right-- $7.00 (which includes shipping and handling). To obtain a copy send a check to Kovak Books, P.O. Box 1422, Bakersfield, CA 93302. LAPLANDERS HONEY CONFERENCE Friday, September 9th, the Laplanders Honey Conference of Southern Iowa and Northern Missouri will be held in Allerton, Iowa at the "Inn of the Six Toed Cat." Dinner will be served at 6 p.m. and the program to follow at 7 p.m. "The Honey Market: What's Out There?" will be the theme of the conference. Lisa Terry, the 1994 American Honey Queen from Northfield, Minnesota, will be one of the guest speakers for the evening. Joining her will be Leon Metz, honey packer from Hazel Green, Wisconsin. Do join us for dinner and for this timely program. For further details and reservations contact: Ann Garber 515/872-3119 by Tuesday, September 6th. The fourth annual Honey-Walnut Classic will be held the following day, Saturday, September 10th at 10 a.m. on the east portico of the "Inn" in Allerton. This popular event honors the historic "Iowa-Missouri Honey War, 1838-1841." NATIONAL HONEY BOARD ANNUAL MEETING HELD The National Honey Board held its annual meeting in Denver June 17. The Board elected Neil Miller, Blackfoot, Idaho, as its new chairman during the meeting. Randy Johnson, Nampa, Idaho, was elected as vice president and Steve Klein, Marshall, Minnesota, was re-elected as secretary/treasurer. Two additional Board members, Binford Weaver, Navasota, Texas, and Larry Krause, Riverton, Wyoming, were elected to serve on the Board's Executive Committee. The Executive Committee is responsible for the conduct of duties and policies outlined by the National Honey Board. The Board administers an industry-funded national research, promotion and consumer information program to increase domestic honey consumption and U.S. honey exports. The board member's work at the meeting also included allocating funds for the 1995 plan year. "The Board will be reviewing the Committee's work this fall," said Neil Miller, chairman of the National Honey Board. "Before the Board spends a dime, we review the program plans to ensure that they uphold the Board's mission -- to support a strong and viable domestic honey industry by creating a dynamic marketplace for honey and honey products." 4-H ESSAY CONTEST NEEDS ENTRIES (from June 1994 APIS newsletter) What does it take to get 4-Hers to sit down and write an essay? That's the burning question those at the American Beekeeping Federation (ABF) and myself are asking after looking at the results of last year's 4-H essay contest. Only fifteen (15) states submitted winners and (Iowa) was not among them. In addition, the vast majority of these states had only one to two entries to choose from. There are three top cash prizes each year ($250, $100 and $50), plus the winner in each state is awarded a book on beekeeping. This boils down to one fact: there's a great opportunity to win something by simply entering! The rules for this year's contest have just been announced. The topic this year is much different than from previous contests. The essayist is asked to write an original story on honey bees suitable for a teacher to read to second-grade students. Suggested titles include: The Busy Little Bee, I Like Honey, A Trip to the Apiary, or My Friend, the Beekeeper. There's plenty of time to get a story together for this year's contest; deadline is April 1, 1995! Full contest rules are available from Bob Cox, State Apiarist, phone 515-281-5736 or the ABF Office, phone 912-427-8447. A BEGINNER'S BAIT HIVES by Peter Coyle Having read in John Vivian's book, Keeping Bees, about "bees for free," by placing bait hives in trees and then, again in the Aebi's book about their bait hives, my Scottish parsimony took over. Last year I made my first swarm trap and was excited when some scout bees started sniffing around and into it. However, some of Walt Disney's beloved delinquent squirrels knocked on wood, tasted it and found it good, wherein the bees departed. Unable to harass my bees during the winter, I turned to collecting on bait hives, which being a novice in the beekeeping game, is my substitute for knowledge. I got Cornell's, "Bait Hives for Honey Bees" by Seeley, Morse and Nowogrodzki and could just see the bees rolling in. Then there were the articles by Schmidt, Thoenes and Hurley, from the American Bee Journal, which explained the importance of pheromone lures, which I just knew I had to have. I could visualize all those winter clusters of bees over half of Iowa impatient to zoom into my traps. However, a catalog price of twenty dollars for what they described as being made of inexpensive material, and what I gathered would only be a kind of paper mache, deep, brood box, sent me to the workshop with cardboard and thin plywood scraps to construct an alternative. I had read that a volume roughly the size of a deep hive body was most favored, (although recently opinion has changed). Climbing ladders and trees with a full box of bees required the box to be as light as possible. Everything I made had a coating, externally, of roof cement, thinned with mineral spirits to sicken the squirrels off and I capped each hive with a lid made from discarded aluminum soffit to keep everything dry. Internally, each had homemade rough frames of standard dimension with a waxed starter strip which would easily transfer to a deep hive body. I then sat and itched for Spring. The last week in April, I was out with the ladder visiting friends who might have suitable spots in trees about ten to twelve feet up, with morning sun and afternoon shade, just as the literature suggested. Now, at the end of June, I have had three swarms from one hive and two from another, with scout bees still buzzing around the emptied boxes. The first swarm, which I weighed like a proud father, was five and a half pounds and made some nice comb honey for me. The last one, which was so big it filled the whole trap and had a pound or two of bees still outside, I collected in a screened box using a funnel and transferring it to a medium super of foundation and two round section supers at dusk, feeling exhilarated beyond measure. However, the next day, when I looked in the afternoon, they were gone, leaving me as devastated as I had been exhilarated. Too late, I now have two homemade entrance guards. In collecting one swarm which had started to build comb from the bottom of the trap, I missed the open sack on the end of a pole, held helpfully by my companion and neighbor, Cheryl, and brushed a couple pounds of less than happy bees on her head. This made me more acquainted with the language of liberation. Two other bait hives in suburbia have never had a snifter so far. Perhaps in bee real estate the three most important things are location, location and location. My experience, limited as it is, suggests that I should err on the large side with the boxes, worrying less about the spaces around the frames, as the bees are unlikely to construct burr comb between inspections, although one swarm built comb on about a third of nine frames in just a couple of days. The mistakes I made were very instructional, if humbling. Ah, but just wait until next year. FOR SALE: 7 bee hives, two-story plus misc. equipment. Contact Raymond and Jo Whitwood, Muscatine. phone (319)263-0992. FOR SALE: 55-gallon drums $6.00 each; 20 or more $5.00 each. Call Harry Hunter in Des Moines at (515)266-1984. FOR SALE: Stainless 8-frame extractor with Dayton electric motor, cappings knife and misc. supers, frames, lids & boxes. Asking $200/offer. If interested call Des Moines at (515)270-8726, leave message if no answer. FOR SALE: Kelley electric, vibrating uncapping knife with electric motor $175; Kelley steam vibrating uncapping knife $125; Dadant electric stainless mini-melter $350; C.C. Pollen Co. traps used only one season $30 each. Call Monroe Neihart near Clarinda (712)582-3200. FOR SALE: Qualitly Section Comb Honey in Cartons $1.90 each. Call Stanley Weiser, 2674 - 303rd Pl. in Adel. Ph: (515)993-3126. "Butter and HONEY shall he eat, that he may know to refuse the evil and choose the good." (Isaiah 7:15) CALENDAR OF EVENTS AUGUST 11-21 Iowa State Fair Apiary Exhibit, 2nd Floor of Agriculture Building, State Fairgrounds, Des Moines Open daily 9:00 a.m.- 9:00 p.m. Come see the best! SEPTEMBER - NATIONAL HONEY MONTH 9-10 Laplanders Honey Conference 6:00 p.m. the 10th and Honey Walnut Classic 10 a.m. the 11th both at the Inn in Allerton, Iowa. 12 Eastcentral Iowa Beekeepers Meeting 7:00 p.m. in basement of Montgomery Hall, Johnson County Fairgrounds, Iowa City 15 Scott County Beekeepers Meeting 7:00 p.m. at Riefes Restaurant, Locust St., Davenport. 17 Central Iowa Beekeepers Meeting at Royal Cafe in Huxley. Buffet dinner at 5:30 p.m., Business Meeting 6:30 p.m. and Program at 7:30 p.m. (We will try again to show the Bee Emergency Video.) NOVEMBER 11-12 Iowa Honey Producers Annual Meeting in Marshalltown. FOR SALE: Home Study Course "Rearing Honey Bee Queens in the Northern U.S." (with manual and video tape) by Dr. Marla Spivak and Gary S. Reuter, the University of Minnestota. $40.00 Contact Dept. of Entomology, University of Minnesota, Hodson Hall, St. Paul, MN 55108-6125 or call Dr. Spivak at (612) 624-4798. Dear Beekeeper Friends, I am writing this short announcement to let you know of the recent loss of my father, Russell Stephenson of Williams, Iowa. He died suddenly in his home on May 19th at the age of 77. As some of you know, he sold his business, "Stephenson Honey Farms" in 1993 and retired. He loved the beekeeping business and being able to work in the outdoors. He offered great assistance and advise to several beekeepers and those interested in the field during his life. My father enjoyed talking to many of you over the years and sharing the constant cares and concerns of the Midwest beekeeper. [Editor: I certainly enjoyed getting to know Mr. Stephenson when inspecting his equipment for the sale. He had an efficient way to handle frames during the extracting process and developed a unique way of removing excess moisture from his honey after it was extracted and checked his own bees for tracheal mites with his microscope. He certainly applied his engineering skills learned in his silo construction company to the beekeeping business.] Thanks for being a special part of my father's life!! He will be greatly missed! -Thomas Russell Stephenson and The Stephenson Family OTHER INSECTS OCCUPYING BEE HIVES Sometimes beekeepers may become alarmed or at least concerned about insects other than honey bees inside their hives. At times the beekeeper may see cockroaches, ants, beetles, spiders and wax worms (moth larvae) occupying their bee hives. As a general rule healthy, populous colonies are not damaged by these insect guests. Many times wax moths are blamed for the death of colonies. This is almost never the case in Iowa. The wax moth larvae are nature's clean-up crew after a colony dies. This can actually be helpful if the colony died from American foulbrood disease by reducing the probability of spreading the disease to neighboring colonies. The best way to prevent damage to your combs after the colony has died is to keep an eye on your bees and pick up any empty hive equipment from the beeyard. The primary problem beekeepers encounter is in storing empty beeswax comb, especially brood comb during the warm summer months. A few years ago several products were available for fumigating or treating stored beeswax combs. These products are designed to kill insects, therefore fumigated combs should always be aired out for a few hours before placing them on the bees. Most recently, the product "Paramoth" (PDB - Paradichlorobenzene) is no longer available for bee equipment. I've heard conflicting reports from beekeeping supply houses as to the fate of registration of this product for treatment of beeswax combs. One story is that PDB is a carcinogen and EPA has withdrawn registration for use on beeswax. Another beekeeping supply dealer says they will have approval from EPA to sell PDB later this fall. Outside of using chemical products, combs can be placed in a deep freezer for a few days to kill any adult moths, larvae or eggs. Additionally, the moths do not like light or fresh air. Therefore, storing combs in a way that they are exposed to both of these elements may be of some help. Light colored combs from honey supers are pretty safe from the moths. Another system that may work for you is to keep empty comb stored on the colonies where the bees will keep the moths out during the warm months (June, July, August, September and October). Then, bring in empty equipment and store in an unheated building for the winter and nature will give them a cold treatment. Dear Iowa Honey Promoter: Along with getting your honey harvested, it's time to plan to promote your state's beekeeping or honey exhibit at your local fair or festival. To aid in honey promotions Media kits are available from the National Honey Board by contacting Sherry Jennings, Industry Relations Director at (303)776-2337. Media kits include: a story on pollination, newsreleases, summer recipe tips and two new recipe leaflets -- "Bringing You Nature's Bounty Is Our Line" and "Make Magic in Minutes." Use the media kit to give to local newspaper editors, television news shows and radio stations the latest buzz on honey. BRINGING YOU NATURE'S BOUNTY IS OUR LINE -- Recipes from NHB. Back to Nature Cookies 1/2 cup shortening 1 cup honey 2 eggs 1 teaspoon vanilla 1-3/4 cups whole wheat flour 1/2 teaspoon baking soda 1/2 baking powder 1/4 teaspoon salt 1 teaspoon cinnamon 2 cups quick-cooking oats 1/2 cup chopped nuts 1/2 cup finely chopped apple 1 cup raisins In a large mixing bowl, cream shortening and honey until fluffy. Add eggs one at a time, beating well after each addition. Stir in vanilla. In medium bowl, stir together flour, soda, baking powder, salt and cinnamon. Add dry ingredients to honey mixture, beating until smooth. Stir in oats, nuts, apple and raisins. Drop by teaspoonfuls onto greased cookie sheets about 2 inches apart. Bake at 350 F 10 to 12 minutes or until cookies are golden brown. Makes about 5 dozen. Honey Pork Chops & Apples 6 pork loin chops (about 3/4-inch thick) Salt, pepper and ground sage 2 Granny Smith or other tart apples 1 tablespoon butter or margarine 1/4 cup HONEY 6 Maraschino cherries (optional) Brown chops slowly in skillet; remove to shallow baking dish. Season chops with salt, pepper and sage. Core and slice apples into 1/2-inch rings. Add butter to skillet and saute apple rings until crisp-tender. Place 1 apple ring on each chop. Cover and bake at 300 F for 30 minutes. Drizzle honey over apples and chops; baste with drippings. Cover and bake 15 minutes longer or until pork is fully cooked. Place cherry in center of apple rings before serving. Makes 6 servings. Honey-Kissed Fruit (Microwave Method) 1/4 cup honey 1 teaspoon grated orange peel 2 fresh pears, pared, cored and halved 1 can (5-1/4 oz.) pineapple chunks, drained 1 cup each red and green grapes, halved, seeded Blend honey and orange peel; set aside. Place pears in 4 microwave-safe serving glasses; drizzle with honey mixture. Cover each glass with plastic wrap; vent. Microwave at HIGH (100%) 3 to 5 minutes or until pears are tender. Combine pineapple and grapes. Divide evenly between servings and sprinkle over pears. Serve warm or cold. Makes 4 servings. Honey Cloverleaf Rolls 1 package (16 oz.) hot roll mix 6 tablespoons honey, divided 1/4 cup butter or margarine 1 teaspoon grated lemon peel 1 cup sliced almonds Prepare dough according to package directions, adding 2 tablespoons honey to liquid. Cover kneaded dough with bowl and let stand 5 minutes. Melt butter and remaining honey; stir in lemon peel. Roll dough into 36 balls (about 1 to 1-1/2 inch diameter). Form clusters of three balls, dip each in honey mixture and then almonds. Place each cluster in well-greased muffin cup. Let rise 30 minutes or until doubled in bulk. Bake at 350 F 15 to 20 minutes or until lightly browned. Brush with honey mixture, if desired. Makes 12 rolls. Honey Cranberry Butter 1 cup butter, softened 1/4 cup HONEY 1/4 cup chopped cranberries* 1/4 cup cranberry sauce 2 tablespoons ground walnuts 1 tablespoon milk 2 teaspoons grated orange peel Cream butter and honey in medium bowl. Add cranberries, cranberry sauce, walnuts, milk and orange peel. Whip until light pink in color. Serve at room temperature; store in refrigerator, tightly covered. * Use fresh or frozen cranberries, if desired; chop before thawing. New NHB recipe folder; see page 7 for recipes. ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 5 Aug 1994 08:27:03 -0400 Reply-To: mthunzeker@aol.com Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Adam Finkelstein Subject: Question: Tainted Bee Stings? > From: mthunzeker@aol.com (MTHunzeker) > Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping > Subject: Insecticide in bee venom? > Date: 4 Aug 1994 23:49:05 -0400 > > > One of the members of our local beekeepers association was checking his > colonies after finding some spray kill and got stung. (They sure don't > like to get sprayed!) His reaction was quite a bit more severe than > usual with a very large red area and swelling. He was worried he had > developed a serious allergic reaction, but has been stung numerous > times since then and only had a standard (mild) response. > > So we are wondering if it is possible for a bee to pass on an > insecticide in her venom? Has any research been performed in this > area? > > Mike Hunzeker > MTHunzeker@aol.com > Boulder County Colorado Beekeeper ( the reply-to header is set to Mike's address.) ============================================================================ Adam Finkelstein adamf@hopper.itc.virginia.edu adamf@vtaix.cc.vt.edu =============================================== |Bees To Please| ======= ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 5 Aug 1994 12:45:41 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Mud makes good paint. -- Russian proverb" Subject: Honey Hard Cider Hi. This is tangent to the list, but its been slow. Does anyone have a homebrew receipe for Honey Hard Cider. In particular, I'd like to duplicate a product sold commercially by Grant's Brewery. The advertise a combination of Honey, Apple Juice and Ale Yeast used in the process. Thanks, jps ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 5 Aug 1994 12:13:16 CDT Reply-To: "T.J. Higgins" Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "T.J. Higgins" Subject: Re: Honey Hard Cider In-Reply-To: <199408051649.AA26994@scingr.b17d.ingr.com>; from "Jeff Fagerman" at Aug 5, 94 11:49 am > This is tangent to the list, but its been slow. Does anyone > have a homebrew receipe for Honey Hard Cider. In particular, > I'd like to duplicate a product sold commercially by Grant's > Brewery. The advertise a combination of Honey, Apple Juice and > Ale Yeast used in the process. Sure thing, it's real easy. 4.5 gallons fresh cider, 40 ounces of honey, and a pack of ale yeast. Heat the cider to about 200 F to sterilize; do not boil! Do the same thing with the honey, then mix the cider & honey. Hydrate the yeast, toss it all into a 5-gallon glass carboy, and let it ferment. After fermentation stops, about 7-10 days, prime with 1/2 corn sugar and bottle. Ready to drink about 2 weeks after bottling. If you use cider from grocery store, make sure it has no preservatives; they kill the yeast. Fresh cider from your local orchard is preferred. The honey adds no flavor, it merely boosts alcohol content. The above recipe will yield 8% to 9%. Yeeha! Be careful with William's yeast, I've had better luck with Red Star. William's wants to explode your bottles. Make sure you use ale yeast. Champagne yeast makes it too winey. Note that I'm not on the bee list. Best of luck! -- T.J. Higgins | tjhiggin@ingr.com | (205) 730-7922 Intergraph Corp. | Mapping Sciences Division | Huntsville, AL, USA ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 8 Aug 1994 15:11:54 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Mark A. Templin" Subject: The Results Are In! Results of the previous survey by myself for the USDA software development team... no. responses = 59 distinct addresses no. Windows/DOS users = 42 no. DOS only users = 6 no. Macintosh users = 11 no. users converting to Windows = 3 no. users who prefer DOS to Windows = 2 percentages... Windows/DOS systems = 71% DOS only systems = 10% Macintosh systems = 19% DOS converting = 50% (of DOS users) DOS is user's preference = 4% 39 of the 59 responses would like more information on available software. More (group) responses are on the way and we will keep you updated on the latest figures as they are calculated (bi-weekly). As a result of the survey, we have confirmed our suspicions that a vast majority of the computer-using world members are using Windows whether by choice, upgrade, or simply having to "keep up with the times." There also seems to be a number of Macintosh users (I am myself one) out there with significant interest in our software. New software releases will be developed for Macintosh and Windows platforms, which offer great flexibility in format and graphical design. As a result, sound and/or graphics will be included to a much greater degree than before. It is possible that we will continue to publish in DOS format. We would like to thank all of the respondants to our survey. The information we have gathered thus far is invaluable. The first public release of PC-REDAPOL is scheduled for MONDAY AUGUST 15. Those members of the List are encouraged to e-mail myself for instructions on how to access an anonymous FTP site. If necessary, I can post an FYI announcement to this List. Information regarding the location of the FTP site and other special instructions will be posted on BEE-L List on Friday, August 12 at 12:00 pm MST. Warning: these dates are scheduled as . We are in the middle of getting new Internet lines installed at the Lab and there may be a slight delay. Any changes will be posted before the effective action date(s). Thank you for your time and consideration! For a readme called "How to FTP" please request via e-mail or "snail" mail at: candyman@ccit.arizona.edu or Mark Templin USDA-ARS Carl Hayden Bee Research Center 2000 E Allen Road Tucson, AZ 85719 (602) 670-6380 Cheers, Mark. ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 9 Aug 1994 12:02:05 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Richard J.S. Bates (bates@bix.com)" Subject: Bumble-bees & Liatris Some advice please - a neighbour of mine wants to know why bumble-bees love her liatris - they appear to spend hours around them - appear drugged and groggy, in a stupor... Why? Thanks ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 9 Aug 1994 15:33:39 PDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Adrian Wenner Subject: Re: The Results Are In! Mark, Just the number of users on one or another system may be deceptive. Our department of 55 faculty, 150 graduate students, postdocs, and staff has just gone totally onto e-mail for all intradepartmental communication --- but only on Mac!! In addition, the camput as a whole is turning to internet rather than BITNET. Adrian *************************************************************** * Adrian Wenner E-Mail wenner@lifesci.lscf.ucsb.edu * * Department of Biology Office Phone (805) 893-2838 * * University of California Lab Phone (805) 893-2838 * * Santa Barbara, CA 93106 FAX (805) 893-4724 * *************************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 10 Aug 1994 09:38:00 CST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Matt Ter Molen Subject: Re: Bumble-bees & Liatris I am sorry that I don't have any input for you re. bumble bees and that specific plant. A general question to BEE-LIST users: How has the honey flow been in your part of the country this year? In Northern Illinois we had an excellent flow from sweet clover in late June and early July. We also had a good, but spotty flow from black locust. In comparison, this year has probably been the best in the last 3 to 4 year for the honey crop. Thanks. Matt Ter Molen. dwbmjtm@uchimvs1.uchicago .edu. ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 10 Aug 1994 09:34:32 -0600 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jerry J Bromenshenk Subject: Re: The Results Are In! In-Reply-To: from "Adrian Wenner" at Aug 9, 94 03:33:39 pm Mark: I echo Adrian's comments. I coordinate computer usage for the Division of Biological Sciences and communicate with people at middle schools, high schools, colleges, and universities across the state. Overall, Internet has replaced Bitnet, although there are a lot of localized, specialty networks such as NWNet, MuseNet, etc. IBM machines far outnumber MacIntosh and Workstations at the Universities, but that can vary dramatically by School or Department. Middle Schools are lucky to have anything, maybe an old Apple. Workstations dominate the communications hubs, although some occurs on VMS. Some schools and businesses force the issue and specify a common platform. Thus, MSU-Billings is almost exclusively Mac. Overall, the sales projections for the nation fit our patterns. IBM and IBM-compatibles outsell everything else. Mac comes in second. Workstations are common, but that may change as PCs get faster. Windows use depends on the level of machine, but with Word Perfect expecting 4-8 Mgs of memory for their newest DOS and Windows software and with 90 Mhz Pentiums selling for $1700, I suspect we will see a rapid shift. Actually the software folks are making that choice for us. How much DOS software do you see compared to Windows software in the mainline market? Windows is a pain if you don't have the horsepower, but if you do, even some of us foot dragger's end up using it -- not for Windows but for the Windows based WYSIWYG applications. >From informal show of hands at beekeeper meetings, few had computers 5 years ago. Maybe have do now, and many are getting into it in the last yr or two - which means they have reasonably up to date machines. One point of information. I used to be the only one at beekeeper meetings talking about computers as a useful tool for managing a bee operation. That has changed. In late October, the MT Beekeepers Association Meeting will hold its annual meeting in Missoula. We have planned a whole day of workshops on mite detection and on computer use and software for bee businesses. Our beekeepers asked for these workshops. Quite a change from just a couple of years ago. Jerry Bromenshenk The University of Montana jjbmail@selway.umt.edu ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 10 Aug 1994 09:49:00 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Kerry Clark 784-2225 fax (604) 784 2299" Subject: Re: local honeyflow It's too early to conclude that the honeyflow is over, but in north eastern B.C. and NW Alberta (the Peace River region) the flow has been excellent. Some conditions (4 years drier than average,ending last fall?) combined to result in the perennial clovers, especially alsike, producing a remarkable abundance of blossoms. With enough moisture and heat, the smell of clover blossom has been in the wind for 3 weeks. I've removed honey twice from a group of 70 test colonies. The overall average is about 180 lb as of Aug 5, including a few which are not producing. The top producer has had 342 lb removed. I expect the regional average to be 200 to 250 lb. Kerry Clark, Apiculture Specialist B.C. Ministry of Agriculture 1201 103 Ave Dawson Creek B.C. V1G 4J2 CANADA Tel (604) 784-2225 fax (604) 784-2299 INTERNET KCLARK@GALAXY.GOV.BC.CA ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 10 Aug 1994 13:25:32 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: LUTTON@OUVAXA.CATS.OHIOU.EDU Subject: Re: Bumble-bees & Liatris From: NAME: Lars Lutton FUNC: Instructional Media Services TEL: (614)593-2669 To: NAME: MX%"BEE-L@UACSC2.ALBANY.EDU" I'm suffering the vagaries of an antiquated All-In-one System, so I don't know if this message is specifically or group addressed. In S.E. Ohio we went from drought to monsoon. By the time the moisture was right the flow was done. Early was good with sumac heavily worked. Question: Welded wire excluders, which side is up and why? Regards, Lars L. ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 11 Aug 1994 08:08:00 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Malcolm (Tom) Sanford, Florida Extension Apiculturist" Subject: Pollination Concerns and FAO Distributed to: USR:[MTS]ORG.DIS;3, mts Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Cables: Telex: 625852 FAO I Facsimile: 522-55634 Telephone: 00100 Rome, Italy FOODAGRI ROME 625853 FAO I/ 610181 FAO I Email:RAINER.KRELL@FAO.ORG 522-52419 REGIONAL OFFICE FOR EUROPE - BUREAU REGIONAL POUR L'EUROPE - OFICINA REGIONAL PARA EUROPA To Whom it May Concern: The European System of Cooperative Research Networks in Agriculture (ESCORENA), supported by the FAO Regional Office for Europe, has for 21 years supported the exchange of information and collaboration between European Scientists and sponsored workshops, publications and other collaborative activities. One of the networks, the Sustainable Rural Enviornment and Energy Network (SREN), is widening its focus to different environmental aspects of sustainable agriculture. During discussions, the area of conservation of pollinator diversity and their habitats in the wider framework of beneficial insects in agriculture has been identified as one in which progress could have major implications and impact on more environmentally-friendly agricultural practices. Some topics have already been suggested as of potential interest such as: Inventory of Bee Species; Availability of Food Plants and Nesting Sites; Positive Effects of Pollinating Insects and Threats to Pollinating Insects. I would like to ask you your opinion on such an initiative, your ideas and suggestions and your interest to participate in such an activity. I am aware that there may already be some activities of this kind and that like-minded people already have contacts to each other. This network effort does not seek to repeat or compete with ongoing activities but rather to complement or further activities of similar interests. If you know of such other activities I would appreciate it if you let me know. Please feel free to pass this request also to others who you think might be interested. I will be in Paris at the IUSSI Congress at the end of August (22-27.8) and will try to organize a small meeting with interested people to discuss and prepare more concrete ideas, activities and proposals. Will you be attending this Congress? I will try to arrange the meeting possibly towards the end of the Congress and will announce any specifics on the message board and perhaps through some section chairmen. If you will not be in Paris, please let me know your ideas by E-mail or regular mail and I will keep you informed on any progress and future activities. With best regards, R. Krell Regional Officer for Environment and Sustainable Agriculture Regional Office for Europe (REUR) ********************************************************************* * This message was sent to the following list of usernames: * ********************************************************************* ! In%"jjbmail@selway.umt.edu", In%"sanet-mg@ces.ncsu.edu", ! in%"bee-l@albnyvm1", in%"entomo-l@uoguelph.ca", in%"rainer.krell@fao.org", ! mts ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 11 Aug 1994 09:08:34 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Aaron Morris Subject: How's the honey flow been? In central, upstate New York (north of Albany, south of Saratoga) it's been a honey flow beekeepers dream of! The entire summer has been sunny and warm with rains coming often enough that I have not had to water my garden even once. There was an abundant and extended clover flow, basswoods bloomed nicely but were cut short by rains, wildflowers are abundant and everywhere, and the blue loofstrife(sp?) continues to invade the area wetlands. This invasion is a real disaster for the local flora and fauna, as the loofstrife is taking over the areas where cattails grow and the animals that rely on the cattails for food are suffering. However, from a beekeepers point of view, the loofstrife has filled in a period where there was a dearth in the flow, and provides a bridge from the summer flow to the fall flow. The fall flow shows promise for copious amounts of goldenrod and asters and I anticipate harvesting an average of at least 150 lbs per hive! For an area that is less rural all the time (developement marches on) this season has been as good as it gets! Apologies for no Latin names for the above plants, but I don't do Latin. ;) Aaron Morris - I think, therefore I bee! ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 11 Aug 1994 09:25:53 -0600 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jerry J Bromenshenk Subject: Re: local honeyflow In-Reply-To: from "Kerry Clark 784-2225 fax" at Aug 10, 94 09:49:00 am In Western Montana we had a poor year in 93 due to cool weather and frequent showers (we had the back end of the storms that caused the flooding in the Midwest). Good news was that the moisture set us up for a heavy sweet clover flow this summer. In spite of a dry winter, that flow did occur and most of the state turned yellow. Unfortunately, we also got unseasonably hot and dry by mid-July and much of the late summer flow failed to materialize - even too dry for knapweed. So, we did better than last year on the sweet clover alone, but I don't think it is going to be exceptional - just too dry. Jerry Bromenshenk jjbmail@selway.umt.edu ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 11 Aug 1994 16:59:33 GMT Reply-To: Gordon@apis.demon.co.uk Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Gordon Scott Subject: Re: QX In message <9408101827.aa28280@post.demon.co.uk> BEE-L@uacsc2.albany.edu writes: > Question: Welded wire excluders, which side > is up and why? Regards, Lars L. > > You should maintain the bee-space (about 1/4 inch) so if the the bee-space on your hives is uppermost (usual) so should be the bee-space on your QX. +---+ <- QX frame +===+=========== <- QX wire +---+ <- Bee space | | +---------- | | +----+ +--- | +---^ | | Hive | | | | <- frame body -> | | | | | | | | Mail to listeservers like Bee-L goes to all subscribers of that list. Regards, -- Gordon Scott Gordon@apis.demon.co.uk 100332,3310 on CompuServe Newsletter Beekeeper@apis.demon.co.uk ditto Beekeeper, Kendo Sandan, sometime sailor. Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG22 5HP, UK Reincarnation - gone today here tomorrow. ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 11 Aug 1994 17:31:50 GMT Reply-To: Gordon@apis.demon.co.uk Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Gordon Scott Subject: Removed from list? Hi all, Anyone know how or why I was recently removed from the list? -- Gordon Scott Gordon@apis.demon.co.uk 100332,3310 on CompuServe Newsletter Beekeeper@apis.demon.co.uk ditto Beekeeper, Kendo Sandan, sometime sailor. Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG22 5HP, UK There is no mechanical problem that is so great that it cannot be overcome by brute force and ignorance alone. ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 12 Aug 1994 12:32:31 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Mark A. Templin" Subject: ***FYI*** PC-Redapol Release Information! ***** FOR YOUR INFORMATION ***** +------------------------------+ |Software Release Information: | | PC-REDAPOL crop pollination | | model for IBM/compatables.. | | Featuring BEES as chief | | pollinators! | +------------------------------+ PC-REDAPOL has been released to the general public on an anonymous FTP site at the University of Arizona for unrestricted access. Users unable to access the site may "snail mail" our lab for the latest release on disk. FTP ADDRESS= ag.arizona.edu USER NAME= anonymous PASSWORD= DIRECTORY= pub/usda/PC-Redapol General Instructions... If you wish to obtain a copy of this software via FTP, please e-mail myself (candyman@ccit.arizona.edu--Mark A. Templin) BEFORE DOWNLOADING the package. The SUBJECT should be "SUBSCRIBE=PC-REDAPOL" and the text should include simply your e-mail and/or US/air mail address. We would like to keep track of who and how many people are accessing PC-REDAPOL publicly. Please be sure to mail us--it's for our own records and continuing survey. If you already know how to FTP, great. Download ALL files from the PC-Redapol directory on to a diskette. The files amount to approximately 750 KB and therefore should fit on a double-sided 3.5" diskette. After downloading, exit out of your communications program and switch to the diskette directory (ex. A:\). Type "install" and the software will do the rest. A copy of our simplified "How to FTP" text can be sent to you on request. Several copies have already been distributed. For further information regarding downloading and using a UNIX-based FTP system, I suggest working with your system administrator or other qualified persons. Unfortunately, I am afraid I cannot be of much assistance over e-mail or on the phone. Please report any and all problems, bugs, or difficulties to me as soon as possible. For help running the simulation model or for more information on PC-Redapol, please contact Dr. Gloria Degrandi-Hoffman at her e-mail address: DOCG@CCIT.ARIZONA.EDU. Cheers, Mark! candyman@ccit.arizona.edu docg@ccit.arizona.edu Carl Hayden Bee Research Center USDA-ARS 2000 E Allen Rd Tucson, AZ 85719 (602) 670-6380 ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 13 Aug 1994 10:25:47 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Peter Kevan Subject: Re: More on Greenhouse Bumblebees There are several companies in Europe which specialize in the sale of bumblebee colonies for greenhouse pollination. There are reasons to beleive that corporate ethics are not as strong in some as in others. I suggest that anyone interested in dealing with these companies keep in mind that: Intoductions of non-native bumblebees to any country or part of a country (e.g. in North America across the western Cordillera) should NOT be permitted. The escape of exotics into competition with native species has caused all manner of problems al over the world, though not, as far as we know yet with bumblbees. Thus, Bombus terrestris should not be transported from its native, European, range into North America, especially considering that there are North American species that do the job better, or as well. The consequences of introductions of exotic (non-native) bumblebee species could be far reaching, not just for the native bumblebees, but for the flora which may depend on them for pollination, seed-set, and continual survival. Names that come up on the bumblebees-for-sale list are: Koppert, Brinkman, Bunting, Biobest. ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 14 Aug 1994 01:35:55 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "" Subject: New on list Hello- I am new to Bee-L and want know what is happening this summer. ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 14 Aug 1994 10:49:40 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: JAMES E FERRO Subject: Dead larvae at hive entry I am a hobbyist beekeeper with 2 hives. Today I observed 5 or 6 dead larvae on one of my hive entrance boards. They are very clean and white, not "mummified" in any way. Could this be Chalkbrood? It has been very rainy and humid here in Michigan lately, which might be resulting in poor hive ventilation. Am I correct in thinking this is chalkbrood? What corrective measures might I take? The subject hive is a very strong, populated hive, that has already produced a good crop of light, spring honey. I'm also planning on harvesting some of the darker goldenrod/aster honey. This flow is just starting in this area. I leave 2 full-size hive bodies on for the winter, and these had a good honey supply when the season started, even though we had a cold winter. So I'm certain I will have a good winter food supply remaining in the hive after fall harvest. ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 14 Aug 1994 11:31:37 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Blair J. Sampson" Subject: Re: More on Greenhouse Bumblebees In-Reply-To: <9408131424.AA25137@ag.auburn.edu> In Canada, Koppert rears B. impatiens for pollination services. I have had success rearing other species of North American bumble bees. So there probably isn't a need to import European bumble bees. When it comes to rearing them, each species has its own unique traits. With diligence, we begin by unravelling the intricate social fabric which motivates nest construction and cohesion. If this knowledge is forthcoming, we can provide a queen and her daughters with a comfortable environment. With some human attention, bumble bee colonies can be grown in areas where they normally occur. I am confident that the bumble bee industry will grow beyond the few monopolies that exist now and beekeeping of the future will adopt many of the wild bees, including the bumble bee, that have always provided their services for free. See y'all, Blair Sampson Dept. of Entomology Auburn University, Alabama 36849-5413 bsampson@ag.auburn.edu ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 14 Aug 1994 13:00:20 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "" Subject: Re: Dead larvae at hive entry Possible causes of deal larvae at entrance without signs of chalkbrood: 1. Natural reduction of drone brood due to time of year. 2. Trimming of brood due to lack of nectar flow (which applies to 1 also). 3. Pesticide exposure. Are you in a corn area? I am from Michigan (now in Connecticut), and since corn is in tassle in this region, dead larvae are often a sign of pesticide exposure. Is colony population reduced? 4. Manipulation mortality. Were you just into the hive? It could be that these are larvae killed during manipulations. Larry Connor ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 14 Aug 1994 13:07:17 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "" Subject: New catalog Expect delivery of our new catalog this week, with book, slide and video list of current bee/beekeeping/social insect titles. Will send a free copy to any Bee-L people who request it. Also, if you have a club or class, I will ship them in bulk. Indicate the number you require. Again, no charge. Mail address is: BES/Wicwas Press Larry Connor, Ph.D., Owner P. O. Box 817 Cheshire CT 06410 USA ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 14 Aug 1994 13:12:49 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Gerry Rising Organization: University at Buffalo Subject: Re: New catalog In-Reply-To: Your message dated "Sun, 14 Aug 1994 13:07:17 -0400 (EDT)" <01HFWFILNXG296WD9U@ubvms.cc.buffalo.edu> I would much appreciate receiving a catalog. Thanks for this service. ----------------------------------------------- Gerry Rising insrisg@ubvms.bitnet 295 Robinhill Drive insrisg@ubvms.cc.buffalo.edu Williamsville, NY 14221-1639 716-689-8301 ----------------------------------------------- ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 14 Aug 1994 10:28:03 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: David Hinz Subject: Re: More on Greenhouse Bumblebees In-Reply-To: <199408141635.AA07638@eskimo.com> I received a postcard from Jeff Frontz in Tok. Treking through the tundra where Bull Caribou feed on grass and tundra vegetation. Their antlers, which grow up to an inch a day are protected by a layer of skin called velvet, which is shed in the fall. He writes: "Buzz" ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 14 Aug 1994 13:18:13 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Blair J. Sampson" Subject: Re: New catalog In-Reply-To: <9408141708.AA06020@ag.auburn.edu> Please send me a copy of the new BES/Wicwas catalogue. Thanks! Blair, Blair Sampson Dept. of Entomology 301 Funchess Hall Auburn University Auburn, Alabama 36849-5413 bsampson@ag.auburn.edu ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 14 Aug 1994 16:10:54 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Joanne9803@AOL.COM Subject: Re: New catalog Please send 4 copies of the new catalog to: Joanne Hulbert 42 Mechanic Street Holliston MA 01746 Thank you very much. ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 14 Aug 1994 15:06:20 PDT Reply-To: uc779@freenet.victoria.bc.ca Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Conrad A. Berube" Subject: Re: More on Greenhouse Bumblebees >There are several companies in Europe which specialize in the sale of >bumblebee colonies for greenhouse pollination... Does anyone have any references for "do it yourself" Bombus rearing? (The local university library and databases are closed due to the Commonwealth Games being held there this week.) I've collected two nests this season and transported them to other outdoor locations and all hands have abandoned ship each time. (I'd had them in nice, roomy, well-ventilated converted bread-boxes-- which I'd used previously, successfully, for rearing yellowjackets.) Swarmest regards, - Conrad Berube " ` ISLAND CROP MANAGEMENT " ` 244 Linden Avenue _- -_`-_|'\ /` Victoria, B.C. _/ / / -' `~()() V8V 4E5 \_\ _ /\-._/\/ (604)480-0223; fax (604)656-7084 / | | email: uc779@freenet.victoria.bc.ca. '` ^ ^ -- uc779@freenet.victoria.bc.ca ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 14 Aug 1994 19:58:23 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Adam Finkelstein From: laakkone@cc.Helsinki.FI (Tero Laakkonen) Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping Subject: maximizing vicia villosa seed crop with bees? Date: 13 Aug 1994 14:02:55 +0300 Organization: University of Helsinki hi, what kind of bee (and at what density) do i need for maximum seed crop of vicia villosa? what is a good (and up-to-date) reference? thanks! -- "i abhor you pretentious insight. i respect conscious guessing because it consists of two good qualities: courage and modesty." -imre lakatos ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 14 Aug 1994 22:36:31 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: John Oldfather Subject: Re: New catalog I would like to receive your new catalog.Thanks. John Oldfather JWOLD@DELPHI.COM 7409 Powhatan Lane Pewee Valley, KY 40056 ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 15 Aug 1994 14:39:28 +1000 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Robert Rice Subject: Re: New catalog -request In-Reply-To: <9408141708.AA25030@spider.ento.csiro.au> from "@UBVM.CC.BUFFALO.EDU:owner-bee-l@UACSC2.ALBANY.EDU" at Aug 14, 94 01:07:17 pm I would like a copy of the new catalog please. Robert Rice CSIRO Division of Entomology GPO D D.P.O. Box D D D D D D D D D C DBox D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D A C C C C C C C C C C C1700, ACanberra, ACT D A D D D D2601 B D D D D D D D D D D D D D DAC D.C.T A A B D DT, A D D D D D D D D D D D D D DAustralia D A D D D D A C A C C C C C C C C C C C C C. B D D D A B D D D D D D D D D D A A A D A D D D D D D D D D D D D D D.... ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 15 Aug 1994 01:23:05 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "" Subject: Re: New catalog -request Re: your catalog request; please retransmit your mailing address. It is not clear. Thanks, Larry ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 15 Aug 1994 17:15:44 +1000 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Robert Rice Subject: Re: New catalog -request -reply In-Reply-To: <9408150525.AA07480@spider.ento.csiro.au> from "@UBVM.CC.BUFFALO.EDU:owner-bee-l@UACSC2.ALBANY.EDU" at Aug 15, 94 01:23:05 am > > Re: your catalog request; please retransmit your mailing address. It is not > clear. > Thanks, > > Larry > Sorry about that Larry, the dumb terminal I was using was playing up. The mailing address is Robert Rice, CSIRO Division of Entomology, G.P.O. Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia. Thanks for the message. Regards, Robert ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 15 Aug 1994 07:17:09 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Diana Sammataro Subject: Re: Hi Larry In-Reply-To: <199408150523.BAA24303@postbox.acs.ohio-state.edu>; from "owner-bee-l@UACSC2.ALBANY.EDU" at Aug 15, 94 1:23 am Hi Larry, So you are finally up on the net. GOod to see you and hope things are well with you. We'll be going to MT the end of the month and maybe CT in Sept. if all goes well. Stay in touch Diana ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 15 Aug 1994 04:40:14 -700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology Comments: Warning -- original Sender: tag was larry@ARMORY.COM From: Larry Selman Subject: Re: New catalog In-Reply-To: <9408141008.aa19661@deepthought.armory.com> Please send new catalogue to Marti Selman 156 Bradley DR Santa Cruz,CA 95050 Thanks!! ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 15 Aug 1994 07:56:58 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Adam Finkelstein Subject: Larry Connor's address Help! How about mailing Mr. Larry Connor directly for a catalog? His e-mail address is: LJConnor@AOL.Com -- =========================================================================== Adam Finkelstein adamf@hopper.itc.virginia.edu adamf@vtaix.cc.vt.edu =============================================== |Bees To Please| ======= ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 15 Aug 1994 09:16:20 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Kenna MacKenzie Subject: Re: Larry Connor's address My sentiments exactly. For those of you who want a catalog, don't use 'reply', rather e-mail Larry directly. Thanks. ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 15 Aug 1994 08:54:01 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Ruth Kline Subject: Re: New catalog In-Reply-To: Larry: Please send BES/Wicwas catalog to Ruth Kline 417 Rebecca Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15221-3139 Thanks so much for this! ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 15 Aug 1994 08:11:58 MDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Lawrence Rouch Subject: Re: Hi Larry Thanks, I am new to all of this and have had an interest for years but have not done anything about it yet. Probably have lots of questions. I see you are at a school in Buffalo-which one? NYU? Please tell me about your involvement. Thanks again. Hope to talk to you soon. ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 16 Aug 1994 00:19:33 PDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Sharon Collman Organization: WSU CAHE USER Subject: Re: More on Greenhouse Bumblebees In-Reply-To: Message of Sat, 13 Aug 1994 10:25:47 -0400 from Though I am no expert, videos of bumblebee life cycles indicate they frequently have short nest spans due to being overtaken by mites. Thus it occurs to me, that in addition to displacement, the possibility of introducing biotypes if not species of mites that would be more damagin to local bumblebees is fairly high. I have several people in this area who have taken it upon themselves to move unwanted colonies from gardeners composts and other sites; they adapt well to moving to other homes and are rather docile if the evening is cold. One volunteer placed the colony in a plastic, clear, shoebox with a hole for exit/entry. This hole she sealed up and fed the bees with honey inside the box for a day or two. She then removed the cover on the hole and the bees remained in their shoebox for the rest of the summer. (She also used a black marker to circle the entry, so the bees could see it more easily). Through the plastic she was able to witness a hostile take-over by one of the parasitic? bumblebees and other colony activity. SHARON J. COLLMAN W.S.U. COOPERATIVE EXTENSION URBAN IPM RESOURCE CENTER @ CENTER FOR URBAN HORTICULTURE UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON GF-15 SEATTLE, WA 98195 PHONE: 206-543-8616 E-MAIL COLLMANS@WSUVM1.CSC.WSU.EDU ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 16 Aug 1994 11:04:23 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Diana Sammataro Subject: Tracheal Mite Samples To all bee/or bee mite researchers out there: I am currently screening tracheal mites from different countries and regions of the US to see if DNA patterns are different. I would be grateful if some other cooperators would send me samples of mites, or infested bees, from colonies that died of mites and from those still alive but infested. Alcohol samples of mites in the tubes or infested bees is fine, if the samples were previously frozen or collected within the past year. Bees left in alcohol too long are difficult to find mites. However, mite samples within the tubes can be over a year. Use 70% EtOH and label all samples In addition to A. woodi, A. externis and A. dorsalis would be greatly appreciated. Thank you for your help. If there are any questions, please write, call or email. Diana Sammataro Dept Entomology Ohio State University 1735 Neil Ave Columbus OH 43210 1220 Phone: 614 292 9089, Fax: 614 292 2180 Email: dsammata@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 16 Aug 1994 22:12:07 GMT Reply-To: Gordon@apis.demon.co.uk Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Gordon Scott Subject: Alencon (France) Beekeepers Hi, Basingtoke is twinned with several towns in other countries and our Association is trying to plan reciprocal visits. First we have to find the beekeepers and the Net is one of the ways we are trying to find them. We are also asking via our local goverment offices. Please can anyone give me a contact address in or near Alencon in France? (about 140km/100m WSW of Paris). Thanks in advance, for Basingstoke & District Beekeepers' Association, Gordon Scott, Secretary. -- Gordon Scott Gordon@apis.demon.co.uk 100332,3310 on CompuServe Newsletter Beekeeper@apis.demon.co.uk ditto Beekeeper, Kendo Sandan, sometime sailor. Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG22 5HP, UK SMASH THE ANARCHISTS !! ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 17 Aug 1994 07:20:53 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Diana Sammataro Subject: Bee Culture On Line Greetings bee netters. Before Kim gets around to doing this, I decided to let you know that Bee Culture is now on line at bculture@aol.com If anyone wants to welcome him on board, he will be trying to read mail today. His birthday is Friday. I can say that, I'm married to him. Best regards, Diana Sammataro ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 17 Aug 1994 08:45:50 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Mud makes good paint. -- Russian proverb" Subject: Bees and the Biosphere 2 Hi. Not to long ago I read some articles about Biosphere 2. During the initial long experiment, they had two bee hives inside. The article said the hives were both destroyed by a species of red ant introduced to the Biosphere. Does anyone know how I can get more information on Biosphere 2 and in particular their experience with apiculture? I have found several books and articles, but they only contain general information. Also, I was told there is an internet connection to the Biosphere. Does anyone know the address? NRN. Thanks, jps ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 17 Aug 1994 14:14:58 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "" Subject: Sitka beekeeping Dear fellow list members, I am interested in beekeeping/bee research contacts in Sitka, Alaska. If not a beekeeper, I am looking for an internet contact in Sitka. My daughter is starting a one-year volunteer assignment in Sitka, and I am looking for possible contacts. Also, the responses for catalogs have been fantastic. We expect to mail them Friday, August 19. I hope no one is offended by this, it seems to be a desired service, and we are glad to do it. I am sorry that some responses went to everyone on the net, as a new member, I know it is very confusing to learn one's way around. A special thank you to Chuck Howe for sending a number of valuable resources and helping me understand how to avoid making a complete fool of myself. Yea, I know that I do well enough already... Thanks, and keep in touch. Larry Connor ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 17 Aug 1994 14:24:40 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "" Subject: Anti-dumping action The American Honey Producers Associaion (I'm part time secretary/treasurer) is working with the American Beekeeping Federation to raise a quarter million dollars to lauch an anti-dumping suit against the Chinese honey imports. In brief, the hope is that by filing the suit the Peoples Republic of China will stop the flood of honey into the US; it currently has displaced about 1/3rd of US production. If you want more information about this effort, and might consider adding the to the effort, please e-me at ljconnor@aol.com. Also, If you have made a pledge or a donation, please e-mail me so I have an idea what the correlation between Bee-L and politically active beekeepers. Why don't we use the internet to develop/communicate methods for beekeepers in all countries develop strong honey markets (as well as beeswax, royal jelly, etc), in their own countries, or develop value added exports to other countries? U.S. beekeepers are spending over 3 million dollars for promotion of honey, and so far about 1/3rd o f it Chinese. It doesn't make any sense at all, but is free market! Best regards, Larry Connor1 ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 17 Aug 1994 23:23:47 -0300 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Gilberto Subject: Re: More on Greenhouse Bumblebees In-Reply-To: <25FE124EA007EBD0@brfapg.bitnet> from "Peter Kevan" at Aug 13, 94 10:25:47 am Peter Kevan, Could you please provide your e-mail address. Thank you very much. Gilberto Moraes (gmoraes@ftpt.br) ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 18 Aug 1994 07:42:46 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Fr. James Cassidy O.S.B." Subject: To Larry Conner In-Reply-To: <9408171814.AA16933@hawk.anselm.edu> from "<@UBVM.CC.BUFFALO.EDU:owner-bee-l@UACSC2.ALBANY.EDU>" at Aug 17, 94 02:14:58 pm Larry - Though I am interested in what you are offering, of course the responses "went to the net"--and it's not just a matter of being a newcomer and trying to find one's way around. You are not putting your return e-mail address with your messages. Many people do not get "full" citations of the original origins of messages that come through lists, and thus it is good practice to simply add them with one's signature. This is something I had to be told to do, and I simply pass along the advice. James Cassidy, jcassidy@hawk.anselm.edu ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 18 Aug 1994 12:58:19 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Malcolm (Tom) Sanford, Florida Extension Apiculturist" Subject: August issue of APIS Distributed to: USR:[MTS]INTERNET.DIS;26 FILENAME: AUGAPIS.94 Florida Extension Beekeeping Newsletter Apis--Apicultural Information and Issues (ISSN 0889-3764) Volume 12, Number 8, August 1994 PERMITTING HONEY PROCESSING Dr. Keith Delaplane at the University of Georgia recently discussed food regulations in his column "Strictly for the Hobbyist," American Bee Journal, July, 1994. His concern comes from hard experience. It seems that a food inspector visited a store that was buying Dr. Delaplane's honey. The merchant ceased doing business because Dr. Delaplane was not licensed by the state. At first disgruntled by yet another "imposition of government on agriculture and grass-roots living," Dr. Delaplane has changed his opinion. He now urges beekeepers to be proactive on this issue. Even the smallest beekeepers who sell honey to the public must comply with facility licensing laws in Georgia. According to Dr. Delaplane, "The licensing consists of a permit issued at no cost following a satisfactory inspection. Facilities are inspected quarterly thereafter." The above policy used to be about the same in Florida. However, as of January 1993, the rules have changed. According to Florida Statute 500.12, Section 1(a), "A food permit from the department is required of any person in the business of manufacturing, processing, packing, holding, preparing or selling food at retail . . . " Most of this statement was already in the old law, but Section 1(b) says "Applications for a food permit from the department shall be accompanied by a fee to be determined by department rule, not to exceed $350. Food permits shall be renewed annually on or before January 1." Thus, the time is over when food processors can obtain free permits. For small producers (less than $10,000 in sales), this translates to a fee of $60.00 per year, according to Dr. John Rychener of the Bureau of Food and Meat Inspection, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. Although the strict letter of the law requires all beekeepers selling honey to the public to obtain permits, there is some latitude. Florida employs only eighty-four food inspectors to oversee the food safety in over 25,000 processing plants and retail stores. The occasional small honey producer can be missed, according to Dr. Rychener. However, if and when the food inspection service becomes aware of any person/business without a permit, it must act. There is no penalty the first time one is discovered. Nevertheless, once contacted by a food inspector, one must obtain a license which is renewable annually with imposition of a late fee, if applicable. Section 5E-6.008 of the same law provides sanitary regulations governing manufacture, processing, packing, or other handling of honey. They are summarized in Hints for the Hive 106, soon to be distributed as ENY 106 in the IFAS CD-ROM FAIRS program: (1) HONEY HOUSE. A honey house is any stationary or portable building, including equipment, used for the purpose of extracting, processing, packing or other handling of honey. (2) FLOORS. Floors...shall be impervious and easily cleaned...smooth, in good repair, and kept clean...and if having a drain, be drained into a septic tank, or cesspool, or be connected to local sewage disposal facilities. (3) WALLS AND CEILINGS. Shall have smooth washable surfaces, be clean and in good repair. (4) LIGHTING AND VENTILATION. Shall be adequately ventilated...permit efficient operations and cleaning of equipment. (5) DOORS AND WINDOWS. Shall be screened, kept in good repair, and equipped with bee escapes. (6) WATER SUPPLY. Shall be properly located, constructed and operated in accordance with local sanitary codes...easily accessible and sanitary. (7) CONSTRUCTION, CARE, USE AND REPAIR OF HONEY HOUSE, CONTAINERS AND EQUIPMENT. During operation, the honey house shall be used exclusively for extraction, processing, packing or other handling of honey and for the storage of equipment related to the business of the honey house. Containers shall be free of internal rust, cleaned before reuse...all open equipment should be covered when not in use. (8) WATER DISPOSAL. There shall be an efficient waste disposal system. Toilet facilities, including wash basins, shall be conveniently available to honey house personnel. Toilet rooms shall not open directly into any room of the honey house. Toilets without plumbing shall be at least 75 feet from the plant...screened and have a self-closing door. (9) STORAGE OF EQUIPMENT. Equipment shall be stored free from rust and contamination. (10) HEATING EQUIPMENT. No boiler, oil stove or other heating equipment that gives off dust or odor may be used within the honey house, unless it has proper ventilation...and shall comply with fire regulations. (11) WORKER SANITATION. Workers shall wear clean and washable clothing... keep hands clean, and be provided with clean and sanitary towels. (12) CARE AND HANDLING OF COMBS OF HONEY. Combs should be loaded and handled so as to protect them from contamination. (13) USE OF HONEY PUMPS. Before being pumped, honey shall be strained through a screen of at least eight meshes to the inch or pumped from a baffled sump tank which provides a constant supply of honey for the pump. (14) CONTAINERS AND STORAGE. Honey shall not be packed in containers which have previously contained pesticide, creosote, gasoline, kerosine, fuel oil, paint, glue or other toxic substances. Storage tanks are to be protected from contamination and packed honey stored in a clean and sanitary manner. (15) PESTICIDE PROHIBITED. The application of spray type pesticides in the honey house is prohibited during extracting, processing and packing honey. Questions pertaining to Florida honey house sanitation should be directed to Dr. John Rychener or Mr. Kevin Lufkin, Bureau of Food and Meat Inspection, Food Safety Division, Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, 3125 Conner Blvd., Tallahassee, FL 32399-1650, Ph. 904/488-3951 or 1-800/HELPFLA, "select or say 6" for Food Safety. HONEY ADULTERATION ON THE RISE There is evidence that honey adulteration is approaching epidemic proportions in Florida and elsewhere. As in the past, the prime culprit is high fructose corn syrup (HFCS). The addition of HFCS to honey, even in large amounts, is difficult to detect without laboratory testing. And occasionally, vendors simply sell corn syrup as honey. Any of the above practices renders honey either adulterated and/or misbranded under the Florida Food Law. Many people are concerned about adulteration of honey, but it is extremely difficult to police. In a way, honey is its own enemy in this effort. The sweet is so healthful that, even when adulterated, it is not a health hazard. State and federal inspectors are stretched to their limits examining high risk foods. According to Mr. Lufkin of the Food Safety Division, mentioned in the previous article, there are not enough personnel resources left to enforce deceptive labelling practices. Inspectors are focusing instead on meat, milk and other products that are less forgiving than honey in their processing. "Detection of honey adulteration is the easy part," Mr. Lufkin says, "Tracking the violators is the constant challenge. All too frequently, the trail leads to phantom producers and distributors, hiding behind false labels and cash transactions." Only when enough people contact food inspectors, legislators and other policy makers with solid information can some effective action be taken. In the recent past, adulteration was reduced after an especially blatant case came to trial followed by conviction. However, the practice is raising its ugly head again. Honey adulteration adversely affects the apicultural industry by displacing its product in the marketplace. It also lowers the price as imports have been accused of doing. However, at least most imports are real honey and paying assessment for promotion to the National Honey Board. Adulterers reap double benefits: high prices for their product, cheaper to market than even the least expensive imported honey, coupled with no promotional assessment. As in the past, the beekeeping industry is the first line of defense against adulteration. A "self-policing" program, sponsored by the American Beekeeping Federation continues to be in effect. Suspicious honey is tested and, if found adulterated, the Federation notifies the proper officials and sends a report to the person who sent the sample for their follow-up. In spite of the recent adulterating activity, the Federation is receiving very few samples. Feeding bees sugar syrup and/or HFCS and extracting "honey" containing these products is also adulteration. Thus, beekeepers cannot be too careful. Even small amounts of adulterants are detected by tests currently in use. It is impossible to tell adulterated honey by either taste, smell or color. The only real evidence comes from defined techniques certified by the National Association of Chemists. Experience has shown, however, that adulterated product has one or all of the following characteristics: 1. No flavor, just sweet. 2. Very light or very dark 3. Molasses flavor 4. Consistently low price In addition to the above characteristics, adulterated honey has often been associated with "rustic" labels and "Mason" type jars. If you see suspicious product, send a sample to the Secretary-Treasurer, American Beekeeping Federation, P.O. Box 1038, Jesup, GA 31545, ph 912/427-8447, along with the following information: Date ____________________ DESCRIPTION OF HONEY SAMPLE: (include the label or copy the information on printed label including size of package, brand, name and address of packer or distributor) _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Where purchased:___________________________________________ Date purchased:____________________________________________ Code # on Jar or label_______________________ If only the packer's name appears on label, name and address of distributor: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Reason why honey is suspected of being adulterated_____________ ______________________________________________________________ Name and Address of Sender_________________________________ A fact sheet entitled ENY 103 Honey Adulteration is available on CD-ROM and from this office. It discusses the adulteration issue and provides the information given above on the American Beekeeping Federation's "self-policing" program. Sincerely, Malcolm T. Sanford Bldg 970, Box 110620 University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611-0620 Phone (904) 392-1801, Ext. 143 FAX: 904-392-0190 BITNET Address: MTS@IFASGNV INTERNET Address: MTS@GNV.IFAS.UFL.EDU ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 18 Aug 1994 12:12:27 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Lynn Spagnesi Subject: Re: New catalog In-Reply-To: Your message dated "Mon, 15 Aug 1994 04:40:14 -0700" <01HFXIGJEXV69BVGJC@ADMIN.ACES.K12.CT.US> > Please send new catalogue to Lynn Spagnesi > ACESTC 261 Skiff St Hamden, CT 06517 > Thanks!! ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 19 Aug 1994 09:52:14 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Aaron Morris Subject: Unknown addresses for BEE-L members. There have been requests to the list for E-Addresses for BEE-L members over the past few days. List members need not clutter the list with these requests, as there is a full directory of list members available directly from LISTSERV. Simply send mail to LISTSERV@CNSIBM.ALBANY.EDU with only ONE LINE in the text of the mail. That ONE LINE will be: REVIEW BEE-L Listserv will return a file (BEE-L LIST) which will contain information about BEE-L, including a full member directory. ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 19 Aug 1994 14:48:13 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Barry Chandler Subject: Bees and Hurricanes I am new to beekeeping in Florida and would appreciate any advice other members of bee-l can give me about the subject of bees and hurricanes. I have looked for information in the American Bee Journal and on the bee-l itself, but there seems to be a dearth of information. What precautions should be taken with my hives and equipment (5 hives & 2 supers on each hive) in the very likely event a hurricane threatens. Thanks, Barry Chandler ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 19 Aug 1994 13:13:42 -0600 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jerry J Bromenshenk Subject: wax moths Hi: Some dead-outs from the west coast produced a good crop of wax moths which decided to move into the bottom of some of my mini-nucs (mostly along bottom board and in nucs with small bee populations. BT didn't make a dent in the dead-outs. Yes we tried several direct applicaitons and waited a couple of weeks. So, we got rid of the deadouts and cleaned up the nucs as well as possible and pulled any extra equipment out. But how do I suppress/eradicate the pesky moths without harming my test bees. If there is something we missed using BT, please advise. Hate to use chemicals. Can freeze combs without brood, but have lots of them. thanks jerry ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 20 Aug 1994 00:12:39 PDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Sharon Collman Organization: WSU CAHE USER Subject: Re: wax moths In-Reply-To: Message of Fri, 19 Aug 1994 13:13:42 -0600 from Jerry and others: I am not expert in wax moths but can relay that Bt works best on small instars that are eating voraciously. (In tent caterpillars, we recom- mend delaying treatment during cool weather when caterpillars aren't eating much.) Also Bt must be alive. Sometimes storage conditions (en route or on site) aren't the best. (Well, Bt used to have to be alive, but now that I think of it, newer Bts can be only the crystal that the Bt produces.) Anyway, you might check that angle. UGuelph's Entomology list has a discussion going on genetically altered food crops with Bt genes incorporated. Genetically altered bees with their own personal supply of Bt?????? SHARON J. COLLMAN W.S.U. COOPERATIVE EXTENSION URBAN IPM RESOURCE CENTER @ CENTER FOR URBAN HORTICULTURE UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON GF-15 SEATTLE, WA 98195 PHONE: 206-543-8616 E-MAIL COLLMANS@WSUVM1.CSC.WSU.EDU ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 22 Aug 1994 10:03:36 +0100 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Martin Benoit Subject: honey and cavities ? Hello, I'am a Belgian beekeeper who speaks French. My English is poor. Excuse me. In the last time, bee honey has become the target of a severe criticism. A widespread campaign and some interviews on radio an T. V. have tried to soil the honey image, image assigend from the mists of time. We, bee biologists, beekeepers ans users who protect honey, have the constant task to defend us against the slander inceasingly repeated about bee honey. More than 90 % of the civilized country suffer currently from dental cavities. The cavities procure an example of disease binded to the alimentary. They present also the expensivest disease binded to alimentary that the costs have evaluated at 16,5 milliards DN only in Germany. The primitive people, living in permanent contact with nature, would have had - as the skull finding shows it - rarely cavities, while in the current period of overalimentary, it is difficult to find a denture without cavities. I'd like to receive your opinion on this topic (the relationship between honey and cavities). Do you know where I can find some research on honey and cavities formation ? Are there some publications on this topic ? (on species forming cavities - on on different animal labs on wich experiments are carried on - the honey effect on the bacteria species forming cavities, ...) Your Faithfully. MARTIN Benoit E-mail : bmartin@quick.cc.fundp.ac.be ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 22 Aug 1994 09:47:46 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Mark A. Templin" Subject: PC-REDAPOL **Please Read** Due to the number of bugs encountered when attempting to download or GET files from the ag.arziona.edu FTP site related to the PC-REDAPOL software, I have devoted a great deal of time in order to remedy the situation. Here's what I've found so far... The only Internet connection that we currently have is on two Macintosh computers here in the lab and one of them happens to be mine. I translated the PC-REDAPOL files into Mac format and uploaded them in MacBinaryII format. Oops. It turns out that that format is not compatable with DOS binary protocol. I'd suspected that at first and based upon the similar errors which have been reported so far, that seems to be the problem. I'm not positive, but all of the text files seem to have no problem when it comes to Mac translation. The executable code suffered major damage, though. The problem has been resolved as of 12:00 MST 8/2/94. I dumped all files in the /pub/usda/PC-Redapol directory and uploaded a .zip of the necessary PC-REDAPOL files. Text files will follow; however, .executable files will remain .zipped. The archive is not self-extracting. (We don't have the correct version of PKZIP to do so) I am sorry for the delay and mishaps as a result of our Internet mess here. All other .zip files downloaded prior to Monday of this week are considered partial and probably contain many checksum errors as a result of the MacBinary upload protocol. Any .zip file under 150Kb is incomplete. Cheers, Mark. +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Carl Hayden Bee Research Center | Mark A. Templin-- | | United States Dept. of Agriculture | +--------------------------------+ | | Agriculture Research Service (ARS) | | | 2000 East Allen Road | -- Currrent Mail: ------- | | Tucson, AZ 85719 | CANDYMAN@violet.ccit.arizona.edu | | READING | +--------------------------------+ | | Phone (602) 670-6481 IS +------------------------------------| | Fax (602) 670-6493 FUN! =) | Feliz cumpleanos a Titulo de Dueda | |---------------------------------------+ Publica de Espana! (1475-1994) | | La Dueda Testigo de la Historia: Quinientos Anos de la Dueda en Espana! | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 22 Aug 1994 17:11:27 GMT Reply-To: Gordon@apis.demon.co.uk Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Gordon Scott Subject: Re: Removed from list? Hi all, > Anyone know how or why I was recently removed from the list? I now understand how and why this happened and pass my experience on that it may help others. I connect to the Net via a dial-up PPP connection and was unable to get on the net for a while (about 3 weeks) due to workload. Bee-L received messages saying 'unable to deliver after 8 days' and I was removed from the list under the reasonable presumption that my machine 'was no more'. Other mail delivery problems could have the same effect. This sort of cleaning up is pretty much a standard procedure on mailing lists, so accidents like this will happen occasionally. Initially I was puzzled because the 'perpetrator' appeared not to be at albany and I was concerned about possible interference, so I did not contact them until I knew they were an owner. -- Gordon Scott Gordon@apis.demon.co.uk 100332,3310 on CompuServe Newsletter Beekeeper@apis.demon.co.uk ditto Beekeeper, Kendo Sandan, sometime sailor. Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG22 5HP, UK The universe is an island, surrounded by whatever it is that surrounds universes. ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 22 Aug 1994 09:33:00 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Kerry Clark 784-2225 fax (604) 784 2299" Subject: Re: Sitka beekeeping Larry Steve Petersen in Fairbanks would know. Phone (907) 457 2440 Fax (907) 457 2899 Kerry Clark, Apiculture Specialist B.C. Ministry of Agriculture 1201 103 Ave Dawson Creek B.C. V1G 4J2 CANADA Tel (604) 784-2225 fax (604) 784-2299 INTERNET KCLARK@GALAXY.GOV.BC.CA ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 22 Aug 1994 22:24:16 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Rob Bidleman Subject: Re: PC-REDAPOL **Please Read** In-Reply-To: <199408221711.AA25641@mail.crl.com> Is there something I missed or is there a reason you didn't just use a DOS box to upload to the ftp site? =========================================================robbee@crl.com======= ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 24 Aug 1994 15:03:27 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: David Clayton Subject: Shelf life of grease patties Does anyone have any thoughts on the shelf life of grease patties, both with and without TM in the mix? Can I use some left over from last year or would it be safer to order/make new ones for this winter? Thanks. =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- David Clayton; Academic Computing "On the larger scale of history, the U. of Rhode Island; Kingston, RI 02881 scythe is really only a few steps Internet: dclayton@uriacc.uri.edu away from the computer." -Living at the End of Time ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 23 Aug 1994 13:41:00 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: James Macdonald 576-2911 Subject: Re: More on Greenhouse Bumblebees The best information I have on this subject is a copy of the IBRA reprint M48 "The Rearing and Management of Bumble Bees for Students of Biology" by Patricia Morgan and Mary Percival. The "text" on the subject comes from the Logaston Press which has reprinted F.W.L. Sladens' The Humble Bee which was originally published by the author in1892. mac ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 23 Aug 1994 16:36:49 -0600 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jerry J Bromenshenk Subject: Re: PC-REDAPOL **Please Read** In-Reply-To: from "Rob Bidleman" at Aug 22, 94 10:24:16 pm I just returned from a national conference on interconnections to the Internet from Macs, PC's, etc. Sending thing from desk top to the Internet provider is relatively simple, going from the Internet to the desk top for telnet and ftp can be more difficult, if not almost impossible. Oh yes, for $1000 you can get a software fix, $5k will buy a router that does this both ways. Macs seems a little better than DOS boxes. However, unless you either have a fair amount of spare cash or lots of time to customize the connection, it would seem that a better approach would be to leave the ftp site on the internet server (which is probably a unix box) and simply upload files from the source desktop machine to the unix server. This may be simpler, and should be reliable since the unix box probably comes with ftp, telnet, e-mail, etc. Everything I learned at a three day conference says these things can be ugly to shake out. Rather than have a bunch of us try and fail to get the materials via ftp, you should have some of your colleagues at the lab login and see if it works, than beta test with a small number of off-site folks. If you find a cheap and easy answer for inbound and outbound communications to a DOS box, please let all of us know Jerry Bromenshenk MORE University of Montana jjbmail@selway.umt.edu ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 24 Aug 1994 22:03:59 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Rob Bidleman Subject: Re: PC-REDAPOL **Please Read** In-Reply-To: <199408250453.AA27879@mail.crl.com> On Tue, 23 Aug 1994, Jerry J Bromenshenk wrote: > Macs seems a little better than DOS > boxes. ** I am not sure I agree with this. DOS has has cross plafforms such as LINUX for a lot longer than MAC has been around. MAC's are generally eaiser for those who don't know much save 'point and click' whereas DOS is a more hands on situation. There are many free cross-overs that allow you to use DOS commands in UNIX and vice versa. The MAC is useful due to it's extremely loaded software which does all the work. Unfortunately, when a problem occurs MAC users generally are at a loss. In my experience with ftp sites all you need to do is to upload the program via 'bin' while logged on at your own site. Some people try to move it from their home directory into the site. I prefer to logon and instead of [cd /ftp/users/ro/robee/BEE] I logon and do this: ftp crl.com [name ] [password ] then: cd into pathname where I want the files to be kept. In my case : [cd usr/pub/robbee/BEE] then I upload...for DOS machines you can type [sz] to upload via zmodem. That way if the upload fails you can resume at the same point instead of crashing. That's why I like DOS. You can work with it. If there is a problem I could store the files at CRL.COM tyhe pathname is in the FAQ. Robbee ---------------------------------------------------===robbee@crl.com===----- ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 25 Aug 1994 10:15:28 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Joseph Tardif Subject: Re: Shelf life of grease... I keep mine in the freezer , ea. has wax paper between . Only the amount needed is thawed. No TM is used in them. They work still after a year or two. KN2DVB. ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 25 Aug 1994 08:44:52 -0600 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jerry J Bromenshenk Subject: Re: PC-REDAPOL **Please Read** In-Reply-To: from "Rob Bidleman" at Aug 24, 94 10:03:59 pm Sorry, I was not being clear. Since I have 7 IBM computers in my office, I obviously chose "DOS" boxes for most of my tasks. The take home message from the Internet/BBS conference was that 2-way communications between the Internet and desktop PCs seems to be more "off-the-shelf" for Mac. Only 1 commercial software package for an incoming and outgoing interface exits for DOS at this time and it must be used with a specific BBS system. All others will either be released later this year - or - require running unix on a dos box - or - involve yet another computer between the desktop computer and the Internet server (something one company calls a "nanny computer". The other approach is a Cisco router at $5,000. Just uploading from a Mac or DOS machine to a unix server that can be used for ftp or telnet is not difficult and there are many ways of doing this. The difficult trick is to allow an Internet user to telnet or ftp directly to and from the desktop computer. This is not a problem if you simply want to pass files along - why not just send it up to a unix box. It is a problem if you have programs on the desktop that you want your Internet people to access (such as many of the DOS or Mac-based BBS systems). You can use a unix based BBS and put it on a unix workstation, but then the system manager has to mess with unix and may not have the box on her or his desk. So far, the only people who have managed full 2-way communication to the desktop unit have been government (city, state, federal, academic) groups. They report a long and frustrating effort. The answer is not simple or easy or cheap. One of these Boards is running several 90 MHz Pentiums - so these are not "seat of the pants" efforts. The commercial software firms have focused on links to upload to the Internet because they think people will pay money to be able to do this. However, uplink software has been available for a long time, in commercial, shareware, and public domain forms. Putting ftp, telnet, etc. on the PC without having to run unix or involve more hardware is the sticker. Also, the commercial folks are just now releasing "Internet Connectivity" software for modem and serial port (thin wire) applications. Most have not written the software to support ethernet cards and fiber. One told me to tear out the fiber and go back to serial and wire! Cheers Jerry J. Bromenshenk jjbmail@selway.umt.edu ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 25 Aug 1994 09:19:12 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Mark A. Templin" Subject: Information Superhighway?!? I must have taken the wrong exit! >On Tue, 23 Aug 1994, Jerry J Bromenshenk wrote: > >> Macs seems a little better than DOS >> boxes. > > more from Robbee... > >>** I am not sure I agree with this. DOS has has cross plafforms such as LINUX >>for a lot longer than MAC has been around. MAC's are generally eaiser for >>those who don't know much save 'point and click' whereas DOS is a more >>hands on situation. There are many free cross-overs that allow you to use >>DOS commands in UNIX and vice versa. The MAC is useful due to it's extremely >>loaded software which does all the work. Unfortunately, when a problem occurs >>MAC users generally are at >>a loss. > > It seems that both of you have a much better grasp of the Internet situation today than I. In fact, that much is very clear. By the first paragraph, I'd say a large perecentage of the List was lost (at least I was.) Here at the lab in Tucson, we don't have a very complicated system and I've been told that an FTP site here is, for the moment, an impossibility. I've been "on" the Internet server here for weeks and still don't have a ars.ag.gov e-mail address... ("coming soon" in LATE August...) As for the software, it has been successfully transfered to the FTP site at ag.arizona.edu and as far as I know, everyone who has subscribed has been able to get it. Frankly, I'm satisfied right there. Subscribers who are having trouble or simply can't reach the site and send us a disk and we'll install all of the necessary files and mail it back. No problem. I'd love to have some discussion with those of you who deal with FTP's and other complicated systems all of the time to bring me up to speed. Cheers, Mark. +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Carl Hayden Bee Research Center | Mark A. Templin-- | | United States Dept. of Agriculture | +--------------------------------+ | | Agriculture Research Service (ARS) | | | 2000 East Allen Road | -- Currrent Mail: ------- | | Tucson, AZ 85719 | CANDYMAN@violet.ccit.arizona.edu | | READING | +--------------------------------+ | | Phone (602) 670-6481 IS +------------------------------------| | Fax (602) 670-6493 FUN! =) | Feliz cumpleanos a Titulo de Dueda | |---------------------------------------+ Publica de Espana! (1475-1994) | | La Dueda Testigo de la Historia: Quinientos Anos de la Dueda en Espana! | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 25 Aug 1994 18:57:43 +0100 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jean-Marie Van Dyck Subject: searching address ! Hi bee lovers ! Does anybody can give the address and/or e-mail of the two Danish bee searchers who gave an abstract about "B. larvae and pollen" at the last Apimondia meeting (Beijing in China) ? In the proceedings I received, I only had their names : H. Hansen and Anita Christensen, Denmark. Thanks in advance. Jean-Marie ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 25 Aug 1994 14:47:45 -0300 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Troy Saulnier Subject: Re: PC-REDAPOL **Please Read** In-Reply-To: <199408251548.AA19029@relay.acadiau.ca> from "Jerry J Bromenshenk" at Aug 25, 94 08:44:52 am For just ftping, telneting, and interactive chating if you run windows winsock and it's vatious applications do the job quite well, and are easily confiuarable. As far as allow two way communication to and from a desktop machine via internet the most obvious way would be to make a node that can be telneted to and ftped to with linux or some other unix that will run on a pc (note there are mac unixes but they are pricy especially compared to the free linux). Linux can be downloaded from ftp.cdrom.com, and winsock from wuarchive, cica, and many other sites. Troy Saulnier Troy.Saulnier@Acadiau.Ca Biol Dept, Acadia University Nova Scotia, Canada, B0P 1X0 ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 25 Aug 1994 17:41:55 GMT Reply-To: Gordon@apis.demon.co.uk Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Gordon Scott Subject: Re: PC-REDAPOL **Please Read** Hi, Just an aside which may or may not be useful. I use a dial-up PPP link and run a pretty good public domain package known as ka9q. This supports all the usual stuff (mail, ftp, telnet, rlogin etc. etc.) and seems pretty robust. My service provider uses Morning Star. -- Gordon Scott Gordon@apis.demon.co.uk 100332,3310 on CompuServe Newsletter Beekeeper@apis.demon.co.uk ditto Beekeeper, Kendo Sandan, sometime sailor. Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG22 5HP, UK ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 25 Aug 1994 10:59:00 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: James Macdonald 576-2911 Subject: Re: Shelf life of grease patties I am interested in the same problem/question...I have just been to a bulk wholesale wharehouse to look for a large quantity of vegetable shortening and noticed there are different preservatives as well as different oils used by various manufacturers of this product. The recipe recommended by Dr. Bill Wilson lists Crisco shortening specifically and I wonder if anyone has experiance and/or information concerning the use of other brands of shortening. Crisco is considerably more expensive. mac ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 25 Aug 1994 22:49:32 +0200 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: SEPPO KORPELA Subject: Re: searching address ! You can reach Henrik Hansen and Anita Christensen at: Danish Institute of Plant and Soil Science Department of Apiculture Ledreborg alle 98 DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark Phone number: 46 32 02 04 fax number: 46 32 55 05. ============================================================================ * Seppo Korpela Agricultural Research Center of Finland * * Phone INT + 358 16 188 576 Institute of Plant Protection * * FAX INT + 358 16 188 584 FIN-31600 Jokioinen * * E-mail Seppo.Korpela@MTT.FI Finland * ============================================================================ ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 25 Aug 1994 18:40:51 +0000 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Rick Hough Subject: Re: PC-REDAPOL **Please Read** Thanks for the discussion about ftp, etc., but what's that got to do with beekeeping and bee biology??? How 'bout moving the conversation to a more appropriate forum, such as private e-mail, or an appropriate Usenet news group... Thanks for your help in keeping the traffic on BEE-L closer to the charter. Rick (I guess this makes me the "bee police" this week) Hough rshough@tasc.com PS - Anyone have more info on the African bee incident in Texas(?) It was splashed all over the news up here in Boston, but I missed most of the story (I tend not to believe the press, anyhow). Just wondering if anyone knows what "really" happened. ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 25 Aug 1994 21:14:44 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Rob Bidleman Subject: Re: PC-REDAPOL **Please Read** In-Reply-To: <199408260058.AA04696@crl.crl.com> On Thu, 25 Aug 1994, Rick Hough wrote: > How 'bout moving the > conversation to a more appropriate forum, such as private e-mail, > or an appropriate Usenet news group... ** 1) This is an appropriate forum, there are multiple particpants and that eliminates e-mail, the files/software are bee related and for people of this list. 2) All posts have been duly noted in the Subject: field. Making it possible to delete the posts without reading them. 3) an appropriate news group is everyone's perogative, including yours. > Thanks for your help in keeping the traffic on BEE-L closer to the charter. ** You're welcome to your opinion. Rob ----------------------------------------------------===robbee@crl.com===---- ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 26 Aug 1994 10:49:04 +0100 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jean-Marie Van Dyck Subject: What is Crisco shortening ? On Thu, 25 Aug 94 20:20:41 Mac (James MacDonald) asked ... (stuff) > ... The recipe recommended by Dr. Bill Wilson lists Crisco > shortening specifically and I wonder if anyone has experiance and/or > information concerning the use of other brands of shortening. Crisco > is considerably more expensive. This joins the question I'm asking to me for 6 months I was reading about "Crisco patties" : What kind of margarine is the Crisco shortening ? Jean-Marie ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 26 Aug 1994 07:57:16 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jimbo Subject: Re: What is Crisco shortening ? In-Reply-To: <199408260905.EAA27670@timbuk.cray.com> from "Jean-Marie Van Dyck" at Aug 26, 94 10:49:04 am > This joins the question I'm asking to me for 6 months I was reading > about "Crisco patties" : What kind of margarine is the Crisco shortening ? > > Jean-Marie Crisco has a similar texture to lard and can be used in place of lard for baking. But you would not want to use lard to make these patties. Crisco is an all vegetable product. Where of course lard is all animal fat. Jim Trauger trauger@pittpa.cray.com ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 26 Aug 1994 07:45:53 -0800 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Paul Cronshaw, D.C." Subject: Robstown AHB incident Here the AP article that appeared in our local paper about the Robstown AHB incident. There was also an accompanying photo showing 4 beekeeping officials dressed in full protective suits. ****************** Texas man survives an attack by 'killer bees' A swarm from a vacant building stings him a thousand times in "the blink of my eye." ROBSTOWN. Texas-The only hint of trouble Christopher Graves had was one quick bee sting. Then he was covered from head to toe by "killer bees" that stung him perhaps a thousand times. The insects swarmed out of a vacant building Tuesday as Graves was starting a lawnmower at his grandmother's house. "He didn't see them coming," his mother, Charnell Graves, said from Spohn Hospital in Corpus Christi, where Graves was listed in serious but stable condition Wednesday. "When he started it up, one came and stung him," Mrs. Graves said. "He said, 'In the next blink of my eye, I was just covered."' Graves was coherent Wednesday but his body was badly swollen, his mother said. "His back probably has 500 stings alone," she said. "It was like a horror movie," said Fire Chief Julio Flores. He said Graves was covered in bees from head to toe when firefighters got to him. One of the firefighters, Ernest Gallegos, was stung about 30 times although he was wearing heavy protective clothing. His partner, Ricardo Gonzalez, was stung about 10 times, a policeman directing traffic a mile away reported he was stung and, at the hospital, bees still clinging to Graves' clothes stung a nurse. "I've been stung by bees before, but this was like a nightmare. ' Gallegos said. "It's like someone coming after you with a knife or a gun. You run for your life." Authorities said the insects were Africanized honeybees, which are more aggressive in defending their nests than the European variety. Africanized or so-called killer bees migrated north after escaping from a Brazilian apiary in 1956. They first appeared in Texas in 1990,and the first confirmed attack was in Texas the following year. The bees have also been blamed for attacks in Arizona. So far only two people in the United States have been killed by killer bees, and both were in Texas. *************** As a hobbiest beekeeper in Southern Calif (awaiting the arrival of the AHB), I am interested in how we can use this bee-list to share information onthe AHB. AS the AHB continues to migrate along theSOuthern USA, there will probably more sensationalistic reporting in the media along the lines of the above. Are there any postive press releases that could be shared with local communities to educate people on the AHB? How are local and state AG departments gearing up for this migration? Also, what are hobbiest beekeepers like myself planning to do when confronted with AHB colonies? BTW there is an interesting article in the August issue of BEE CULTURE, entitled "The African Experience". Is has given me some hope with regards to the whole AHB issue. Paul Cronshaw DC cronshaw@rain.com Santa Barbara, CA ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 26 Aug 1994 09:49:34 -0600 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jerry J Bromenshenk Subject: Re: PC-REDAPOL **Please Read** In-Reply-To: from "Rick Hough" at Aug 25, 94 06:40:51 pm Rick: All of this discussion was aimed at providing better access of bee related models, databases, etc. to a wider audience. I threw my comments to the net, because the discussion kept sweeping more and more people into the discussion - my direct e-mail has been busy, but several themes have come up enought times that it seemed the bee-l group as a whole might be interested. As to what computers have to do with bees and beekeeping - seems this list-server is one example. Anyway, my apologies to anyone on the list bored by the topic, but it did net some folks that want to work on providing a "fix". Anyone wishing to continue the "techno" talk, please route to me directly at jjbmail@selway.umt.edu Cheers Jerry Bromenshenk P.S. I assume if you are tired of this discussion, you will have hit the delete based on the subject line. ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 26 Aug 1994 09:50:00 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Kerry Clark 784-2225 fax (604) 784 2299" Subject: Re: Shelf life of grease patties I understand Dr Bill Wilson simply specified Crisco (a brand) as a record of his procedure. It was not intended as a recommendation over other solid vegetable shortenings. In the tracheal mite treatment with vegetable oil process, I looked at the labels of various vegetable oils and shortenings. The Crisco label says that it "may" contain a variety of oils. I read in a discussion of human hyper-sensitivity to certain foods, that these brand names may be quite diferent products, depending on where they are produced (Crisco in western Canada may be canola oil, in the eastern states may be corn oil or soya oil). I have made and seen extender patties made with a variety of vegetable oils and hydrogenated vegetable oils (solid shortening). The main usual limit of 'shelf life" with these oils (I would expect) would be rancidity, a factor which I doubt would affect their effectiveness as extnder patties. I have seen extender patties made with the used semi-solid oil used for deep frying: it didn't look as clean as new, but probably worked just as well to hold particles of antibiotic away from moisture (the function in an antibiotic extender patty). I would guess that an extender patty without antibiotic would have a shelf life of several years (as long as its physical properties look reasonable), while one with antibiotic would have a shelf life about the same as the expiry date of the antibiotic. The commercially produced extender patties perhaps have an expiry date, which should be regarded as much as the date on the dry antibiotic. Kerry Clark, Apiculture Specialist B.C. Ministry of Agriculture 1201 103 Ave Dawson Creek B.C. V1G 4J2 CANADA Tel (604) 784-2225 fax (604) 784-2299 INTERNET KCLARK@GALAXY.GOV.BC.CA ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 26 Aug 1994 12:04:09 +0000 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Rick Hough Subject: RE>What is Crisco shortening ? Jean-Marie asks: > This joins the question I'm asking to me for 6 months I was reading >about "Crisco patties" : What kind of margarine is the Crisco shortening ? "Crisco" is a brand name for an American vegetable shortening. I don't know how widely available it is internationally. I have heard rumors (sorry, can't substantiate them) that Crisco seems to work better as a mite control than other brands - nobody seems very sure that this is really true, or even why Crisco would work better than similar products, but I've heard more than once "I don't know why, but Crisco works better". I suspect there has not been any formal research on this - just some anecdotal evidence from various beekeepers. Rick Hough, a hobby keeper from Hamilton, MA, USA (near Boston) rshough@tasc.com ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 26 Aug 1994 14:19:22 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "" Subject: Bee reference library Hi A rare book dealer has found an extensive collection of over 50 bee journals, including all the major USA, British and Canadian publications, plus a number of short run publications and some from foreign countries (Major titles are Am. Bee Journal, Apicultural Abstracts, Bee Craft, Bee World, Canadian Bee Journal, Journal of Apicultural Research) English journals only. There is also a collection of bulletins, circulars, ag experiment station reports, etc. Many are pre-1950. This collection would be ideal for a university or college which is trying to set up a bee library. This is the largest collection I have seen on the market in my 28 years of working with bees and the bee industry. The asking price is very reasonable for what is involved. If you are interested in a copy of the list, I can mail or fax it to you. I have not seen the list, the dealer says only some are bound volumes. Larry Connor ljconnor@aol.com 203-250-7575 voice or fax ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 26 Aug 1994 13:02:07 PDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Adrian Wenner Subject: Re: Robstown AHB incident Good reply, Paul Adrian *************************************************************** * Adrian Wenner E-Mail wenner@lifesci.lscf.ucsb.edu * * Department of Biology Office Phone (805) 893-2838 * * University of California Lab Phone (805) 893-2838 * * Santa Barbara, CA 93106 FAX (805) 893-4724 * *************************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 26 Aug 1994 20:56:16 BSC Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Vagner de Alencar Arnaut de Toledo Organization: FUEM/Fundacao Universidade Estadual de Maringa - Parana - Brasil. Subject: PC-REDAPOL FOR ALL, HI, I stayed logoff for some days. I would to know how do I get the PC-REDAPOL. On the other hand, I need some informations about bees wax's legislation, around the world. Anybody can help me? Thanks ======================================================================= VAGNER TOLEDO +++ +++ UNIV. EST. MARINGA - DZO ___---___ BIENE 00) (00 ODER COLOMBO AV. 3690 00) (00 BIENE? 87020-900 MARINGA - PR - BRAZIL (-=======-) TEL. (044) 2262727 R.319 ,% %%& &. (!!!!!!!!!) .% %&% % FAX. 00-55-044-2222754 ,% *(!!!!!!!)* %, * ( ) * * ( ! ) * BITNET: VGTOLEDO AT BRFUEM * " * ======================================================================= ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 26 Aug 1994 18:52:25 -0600 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jerry J Bromenshenk Subject: Re: Shelf life of grease patties In-Reply-To: from "Kerry Clark 784-2225 fax" at Aug 26, 94 09:50:00 am At the risk of sounding like an advertisement, Mann Lake Supply in Minnesota has done a lot of research into this and markets a made up mixture. I haven't tried it, but they say they did the leg work and found more than a few problems getting it just right. Jerry Bromenshenk jjbmail@selway.umt.edu ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 26 Aug 1994 20:50:46 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: John Oldfather Subject: Re: Bee reference library This sounds fascinating. Please send me a copy of this list. John Oldfather 7409 Powhatan Lane Pewee Valley, KY 40056 Thanks, Larry ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 27 Aug 1994 21:20:00 +1200 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: NICKW@WAIKATO.AC.NZ Subject: Long message part one: Africanised HB... Being an ex-Texan I'm very interested to hear the Africanised honeybee stories. The following is a (longish) set of notes I made a month or so ago when the National Beekeepers Association of New Zealand had the pleasure of having Dr Mark Winston (Simon Fraser University, author of excellent book about Africanised bees) at our national conference. Several local media people who were not able to come to the talk asked me if I would keep some notes, so they are not in an 'article' form, but just my own rough notes. I didn't get a chance to check them out with Mark, but feel I caught the talk pretty well. He also had some very interesting slides to accompany. I hope I don't offend anyone by these two longer postings... ******************************** NOTES FROM A SPEECH BY MARK WINSTON Talk to National Beekeepers Association of New Zealand 19 July 1994 Notes by Nick Wallingford Going to talk about the Africanised honeybee, what has been referred to in press as "killer bees". Movie he really liked was "The Swarm", describing how the killer bees swept up through Texas, destroying nuclear facility, nearly wiping out Houston, killed by Army mortar bombing oil slick on Gulf where they had drawn bees to a foghorn sound that imitated the mating sound of the drone. (Laughter). Wants to give a more realistic picture. Africanised honeybee is sub-species of the Apis mellifera we work with. A mellifera not native to the Americas. European honeybees not generally good production in the tropics; more suited to temperate climates. African honeybees had good reputation in tropics, but aggressive behaviour. In 1950s African honeybees brought to Brazil; intention to breed for gentle, good honey production bees. 26 (or more likely more; stories differ) queens escaped and established feral colonies. Spread through South America, Central America and now the US. Estimates are that there are 50-100 million feral colonies. They moved north from Brazil fast - 300-500 km per year. MW studied AHB beginning in 1975 in French Guyana, but also in Venezuela, Peru and almost all over South and Central Americas. Photos of Africanised honeybees in 'friendly' situations - his boss holding a swarm on a limb (describes the problems of being a graduate student, having to climb the tree, being bitten by ants, to cut the swarm down so his professor could be in the photo!). Small unit with person with no veil or gloves. Many situations where the AHB is NOT a problem. Describes French Guyana. Rainforests, dry for 8 months of year. Solid rain for 3-4 months. Famous for Devils Island (actually 3 islands, 16 km off shore). AHB had established there, flying the 16 km! AHB is only slightly smaller (10%) and sometimes darker than normal honeybees, not 6' long as sometimes described! Cell size smaller; makes difficult to use normal wax foundation. Nest in hollow logs, etc, the same as mellifera. Only real difference is in smaller colonies. AHB will also readily nest in the open (externally) - dangerous because the bees can see you coming and will attack. Story of student walking around corner and close to swarm in open - got 8000 stings. Will establish almost anywhere, often even flying through open window to establish in houses. Swarms usually small, not so much of a problem, but if colony gets large can be difficult to deal with. Spread mostly through mating with local population. Some takeover, but mostly mating. In Brazil honey production went rapidly down, causing country to become net importer of honey for a period. Similar in Venezuela - honey production almost down to zero, then slight climb back up as management techniques learned. Major problems: Swarming Absconding Exaggerated aggressive behaviour Swarming. European bees swarm 1 per season, maybe 1 afterswarm. AHB will swarm every 2 months through dry season with 2 afterswarms. One colony can create up to 70 new colonies each year. With mortality rates, still gives 16 per year, a 16 fold increase in colony numbers. No wonder it spreads so well. This behaviour major impact on beekeeper. Absconding. For various reasons (buffo toad eating 1000s of bees a day) (he knows; as graduate student, he had to cut the frogs open and piece the bits together to count the bees!), or army ants ("battle of the social insects") the bees will just leave hive, abandon nest, move. Up to 30% abscond during wet season to search for forage. Stinging. Each sting the same as mellifera. Same amount, type of poison. Problem comes in multiple stings. Often massive attack if close to colony. end part one... ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 27 Aug 1994 21:20:00 +1200 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: NICKW@WAIKATO.AC.NZ Subject: Long message part two: Africanised HB... start part 2... Small colonies cause no real problem; can be managed. Swarms are OK; not aggressive (researchers would strip to minimum of clothing to demonstrate their Latin 'macho' abilities to locals when handling swarms) Not aggressive individually when foraging. But in larger apiaries, hives close together, can cause life threatening massive stinging response. Not an allergic reaction problem, but real systemic poisoning from multiple stings. Venezuela reported 400 deaths over the 15 year period. Two dead in Texas already, many reports of sting incidents. Similar to shark attack or snake bite - not a common occurance, but spectacular when it happens. You do not want them. Even with normal beekeeping suiting up, still getting 25-50 stings/apiary. AHB moved south only to cooler climates (half way down Argentina). Remember they are tropical in origin. Got to Texas in 1990. Expect to spread north to southern 1/3 of US. Deep South fully AFB in a few years. Problem is that is where queens, packages produced traditionally for northern states and Canada. Will not spread to Canada. If the border does get opened, will be for certified non-AHB only, so will not really be a problem up there. Amazing suggestions to stop spread north before they got to US. Flaming gas jets 500M high above Panama Canal! Swath of malathion (a US suggestion to place in Nicaragua!). No real way to stop them. More of a problem in Latin American than North America. Log hives in Latin America. Difficult to work, less education/extension work, beekeeping not so sophisticated. Surprised to hear NZ officials who had visited US say AHB would not be real problem to NZ. If they got here, would need model plan such as Texas to minimise impact. Beekeeping in NZ will not die, but the problems arising would have to be dealt with and it would cost money. Would need to have isolated sites, hives separated for working without disturbing others nearby. 200-300 feet from roads, houses to avoid problems. Sites would be difficult to get. In South America (tropical) keep sites with warning signs. Catch swarms, keeping smaller units but more of them. Squads of people used to kill off swarms (using soapy spray solution) to minimise troubles to people. Media, public education can help to alleviate problem. Answer is in the queen. Requeen hive with good queen fixes the problem. Certification system to ensure queen not from AHB stock. Costly, but allows stock to be moved through US with confidence. Beekeeping slowly rebounds. South America able to select stock eventually that is ultimately OK. US not using that option; trying to keep them out of beekeeping situations. Opportunity for NZ to produce certified non-AHB stock for sale to US. Perhaps reversal of trade: northern US states and Canada producing queens and packages for southern states. Beekeepers who adapt and change can continue to thrive. Those who ignore the problem, stick to old methods will fail. Quite possible that NZ could get swarm by boat. More likely to come in by irresponsible beekeeper bringing in breeding stock, thinking it could be used to improve. NZ would have suitable climate for AHB to thrive, especially in north. Would spread down to about 45 degrees south latitude (Timaru). NZ has good border protection, inspection services. If NZ got AHB, export potential would be lost. Beekeepers would adapt, but many would lose businesses as it happened. In countries where AHB has spread, 80-90% loss in production before rebound as beekeepers learn how to deal with the new situation. Changes already underway in the US - requeening, siting, but not the end. Opportunity to export non-AHB may benefit NZ. Export problems NZ has had to get bees into US will dimenish as the US has to accept situation. Finally, as entomologist, must admire the AHB. Supremely adapted. Cause many problems, but must admire them for survival characteristics in the wild. Arising out of questions: Big business/fear in US relates to litigation, insurance. Good pheromone perception is what leads to the mass stingings. Bad in Texas just now, but worst is still to come: California produces many packages, has major queen rearing industry. Pollination in California will be severely effected. You'll still be able to keep bees, but it will take the fun out of it. You won't have a good time! Question about moving truckload of AHB hives, say for pollination. Winston says no way could you do it. Worst experiences of his life are in moving colonies. Massive stinging when disturbed in that way. Comment from floor sive to 1/3 of our hives are moved for pollination. Winston: 'No, sive to 1/3 of your hives WERE moved for pollination, once our u have AHB.' AHB colony in place would be similar linainating ability, but but u h could not e A them near people, nor could coulmovem n! end. --ted-t-t--t--t---t---t----t----t-----t-----t------t Nick Wallingford President, National Beekeepers Assn of New Zealand Internet nickw@waikato.ac.nz -t-------t-------t--------t--------t---------t----- ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 28 Aug 1994 17:14:17 -0400 Reply-To: gmirick@k12.ucs.umass.edu Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Georgann Mirick Greenfield HS Subject: bulletin board? Is there a bulletin board for beekeepers? If so, how does one access it? ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 29 Aug 1994 11:45:54 -0600 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jerry J Bromenshenk Subject: Re: Robstown AHB incident In-Reply-To: from "Adrian Wenner" at Aug 26, 94 01:02:07 pm Hi: The comments about Africanized bees bring up an interesting issue. Given the media infatuation with horror stories, one hears rumors that some towns and cities are rushing to pass ordinances prohibiting keeping of bees. Seems like we need to encourage Pro-Beekeeping Ordinances. If you outlaw European bees, AHB might end up being the "urban" bees. Seems like we need to keep as many EHB as possible to compete for nest sites and for mating. Jerry Bromenshenk ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 29 Aug 1994 14:11:41 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jane Power Subject: the great and bugless north Greetings. I have been at home away from my net line for most of the summer and have just plowed through my messages. It has been a very active summer! I have GRRREEEAAAT news. The Algoma area of Northern Ontario has passed the mite tests with flying colours. We are/were for a brief moment in time, mite free! (both kinds) We have been under quarantine for a couple of years because of some varroa problems but we seem to have rooted out the little creeps. We do, of course, still have bear problems; however, it is unlikely that we will find any when we open a hive. Then again, it only takes one...Anyway, cheers...I'm off to try the recipe for hard honey cider. The honeyflow goes on in the North. Jane Power: the power that bees :) ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 29 Aug 1994 14:28:34 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Dawn Lydon Subject: Greenhouse Tomatoes Hi, I am a wholesale greenhouse tomato grower and I'm looking to correspond with anyone on the list with similiar interests. Lydon Family Tomatoes Tiverton, Rhode Island Owner: Mike Lydon eptst005@llwsbe.wsbe.org -- Mike & Dawn Lydon Tiverton, RI ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 29 Aug 1994 14:15:00 CST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Matt Ter Molen Subject: Re: Robstown AHB incident I worked as a Peace Corps volunteer in Honduras from 1987 to 1990 and my specialty was apiculture. In my experience with the Africanized Bee my suggestion is that the best defense is offense. In other words, the mor e that beekeepers and beekeeping organizations/groups can do to spread the good publicity re. bees and beekeeping, the easier the public relati ons battle will be regarding the AHB. Many of the countries that witnes sed the invasion of the AHB in the 80's did little if nothing to prepare the public. The one country that did prepare the public and the media was Mexico, and their program has limited public reaction in the forms of legislation against beekeeping. It is imperitive that we (beekeepers , researchers, etc...) start our own public relations campaign now. It really is too little and too late if we start after the arrival of the AHB in a specific area or if we respond in the aftermath of a stinging event. Additionally, for as many negatives that there are re. the AHB there are some positives that should be mentioned. In the tropical and subtropical environments where I worked the bee we had little problems with tracheal mites and foulbrood. The bees were excellent pollinators and prolific brood rearers. There are, of course, many downsides as mentioned in other communications. Matt Ter Molen. University of Chic ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 29 Aug 1994 15:44:32 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "" Subject: Australian venom/cancer research In May, Reuters ran a release about a new cancer-fighting agent made from mice antibodies and bee stings (melittin). The work was quoted by Peter Hudson, professor of biochemistry with the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Organization. I am getting requests for details on this work. Does anyone have more than a press release on this work? Thanks. Larry Connor Respond to: ljconnor@aol.com ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 29 Aug 1994 14:31:29 PDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Adrian Wenner Subject: Re: Robstown AHB incident >The comments about Africanized bees bring up an interesting issue. Given >the media infatuation with horror stories, one hears rumors that some >towns and cities are rushing to pass ordinances prohibiting keeping of >bees. Seems like we need to encourage Pro-Beekeeping Ordinances. If you >outlaw European bees, AHB might end up being the "urban" bees. Seems >like we need to keep as many EHB as possible to compete for nest sites >and for mating. > Good reply, Jerry, By now we should have had Africanized bees all over Southern California. They were in Yuma, AZ a year ago June and in Mexicali shortly thereafter. It may that they are now rather widely distributed but that no one has stumbled onto one of their colonies and provoked the infamous stinging attack. On the other hand, it may be that there are so many commercial colonies in the Imperial Valley (a remarkable year round agricultural region) in the southeast of California that competition is just too intense for the Africanized colonies to make much headway. Adrian *************************************************************** * Adrian Wenner E-Mail wenner@lifesci.lscf.ucsb.edu * * Department of Biology Office Phone (805) 893-2838 * * University of California Lab Phone (805) 893-2838 * * Santa Barbara, CA 93106 FAX (805) 893-4724 * *************************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 29 Aug 1994 21:09:07 -0800 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Paul Cronshaw, D.C." Subject: Re: Long message part one: Africanised HB... NIck, Thanks for the great essay on Dr Mark Winston's AHB talk. This is the kind of information that needs to be spread around the world as the AHB sets of headquarters here in the States. I have already begun a beekeeping presentation at my children's local schools. I did 5 lectures last schoold year with more to continue in upcoming years. Those of us who have children and can put on a beekeeping demo, I highly encourage you to give a short demonstration at local schools. K-12 teachers are always looking for parental and outside speakers to enhance the educational process. Also, I encourage you to work with local AG departments to ensure that they are gearing up for AHB arrival. The more postive information that is passed around the community, the better our ability to handle adverse situations. BTW, are there any good educational AHB pamphlets in circulation to give to the public or local AG departments? Beekeeping in S. Calif over the next two years is going to be very interesting. I am looking forward to it with mixed reactions. Paul Cronshaw DC cronshaw@rain.org ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 30 Aug 1994 00:18:25 PDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Sharon Collman Organization: WSU CAHE USER Subject: Re: Robstown AHB incident In-Reply-To: Message of Mon, 29 Aug 1994 11:45:54 -0600 from When the first Africanized honeybees hit the media many years ago, I was concerned about the same thing. I worked with Jim Bach, WSDept. Ag. Bee inspector, Dr. Art Antonelli, state Extension Entomologist and Dan Mayer, state Extension Entomologist in bees and pollination. We collaborative put together abooklet, with a velum binding, that gave background information, lists of resources, value of bees to the state economy, importance of honeybees for urban gardens, and a list of other stinging insects (wasps, baldface hornet, paper wasp, mu d daubers, etc.) and finally a list of contacts for specific information. This was sent to major urban news media, state legislators and county counsel members and county executives, and mayors of major cities. The goal was to avoid panic news articles. At the very least we could document that they had background info and resources to call. We presume we were very successful because there were no followon stories about potential for "killer bees" in Seattle that we might have expected. We bound the booklets hoping for a professional look and something that wouldn't get scattered across newsdesks and trash cans. The money to produce it was minor since we all bootlegged the costs out of normal extension production and mail allocations. Wa. State dept. of Ag. found the $100 or so for the velum bindings. Somewhere a copy still exists but I'd have to did in my storage files. SHARON J. COLLMAN W.S.U. COOPERATIVE EXTENSION URBAN IPM RESOURCE CENTER @ CENTER FOR URBAN HORTICULTURE UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON GF-15 SEATTLE, WA 98195 PHONE: 206-543-8616 E-MAIL COLLMANS@WSUVM1.CSC.WSU.EDU ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 30 Aug 1994 07:15:02 -0800 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Paul Cronshaw, D.C." Subject: Re: Robstown AHB incident Sharon, This is the type of information I am looking for. I would be interested in reading your copy provided you find it in your storage files. Perhaps a second edition could be created as an update to.... ?? Creating a resource/reference binderis one method of combating the media's hype and satisfying the public's information thirst about the AHB. Paul Cronshaw DC cronshaw@rain.org >When the first Africanized honeybees hit the media many years ago, I >was concerned about the same thing. I worked with Jim Bach, WSDept. Ag. >Bee inspector, Dr. Art Antonelli, state Extension Entomologist and Dan >Mayer, state Extension Entomologist in bees and pollination. We >collaborative put together abooklet, with a velum binding, that gave >background information, lists of resources, value of bees to the state >economy, importance of honeybees for urban gardens, and a list of other >stinging insects (wasps, baldface hornet, paper wasp, mu d daubers, >etc.) and finally a list of contacts for specific information. > >This was sent to major urban news media, state legislators and county >counsel members and county executives, and mayors of major cities. The >goal was to avoid panic news articles. At the very least we could >document that they had background info and resources to call. > > >We presume we were very successful because there were no followon stories >about potential for "killer bees" in Seattle that we might have expected. > >We bound the booklets hoping for a professional look and something that >wouldn't get scattered across newsdesks and trash cans. The money to >produce it was minor since we all bootlegged the costs out of normal >extension production and mail allocations. Wa. State dept. of Ag. found >the $100 or so for the velum bindings. Somewhere a copy still exists but >I'd have to did in my storage files. > >SHARON J. COLLMAN >W.S.U. COOPERATIVE EXTENSION >URBAN IPM RESOURCE CENTER >@ CENTER FOR URBAN HORTICULTURE >UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON GF-15 >SEATTLE, WA 98195 > >PHONE: 206-543-8616 >E-MAIL COLLMANS@WSUVM1.CSC.WSU.EDU ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 30 Aug 1994 10:39:00 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: JOHN HARBO Subject: American Bee Research Conference AMERICAN BEE RESEARCH CONFERENCE Weslaco, Texas October 16 - 18, 1994 The 1994 American Bee Research Conference will be held at the Hoblitzelle Center of the Texas A & M Agricultural Experiment Station in Weslaco, Texas on October 17 and 18. This year the conference will feature a symposium, Mites of the Honey Bee, on Monday, followed on Tuesday by presentations of honey bee research that is not associated with mites. This enables bee researchers who are not working directly with mites to present their work and to participate in the symposium. Everybody is welcome to attend, and researchers from all countries are invited to present papers. The meeting provides an opportunity to present current research findings to those attending as well as to a worldwide audience via the American Bee Journal. The meeting attempts to combine an informal social setting with the structure of scientific presentation and discussion to create a climate for scientific learning and professional cooperation. Since many people want to travel on Saturday to take advantage of low air fares, there will be a social mixer on Saturday night (Oct 15) at the Palm Aire Motor Inn. On Sunday morning there will be a field trip to the Santa Ana Wildlife Refuge or doubles tennis (bring your racket); on Sunday afternoon (3PM), the American Association of Professional Apiculturists will hold its annual meeting; on Sunday evening (7PM), the American Bee Research Conference will have its business meeting. Both meetings will be in a conference room at the Palm Aire Motor Inn. Research presentations will begin Monday morning and end about noon on Tuesday. The group will share an informal dinner on Monday night. Registration and Lodging The registration fee for the conference will be $20, with an additional charge of $50 per abstract to cover printing costs. As in the past, interested persons who are not members of ABRC (such as local beekeepers and staff at the experiment station) may attend the meetings without paying the registration fee. Conference rate at the Palm Aire is $40 per night for either a single or a double occupancy room. The Palm Aire is located at 415 S. International Blvd. in Weslaco,TX 78596, across from the Texas A & M Experiment Station and within walking distance of the Hoblitzelle Center (about 1/2 mile). For reservations call 210/969-2411 and tell the reservations clerk that you are with the American Bee Research Conference. You need to make room reservations by October 1 to secure the low rate. Those traveling by air can arrive either in Harlingen or McAllen, but we will provide van service only from McAllen. Please contact Frank Eischen (210/968-5585) if you need transportation from McAllen. Transportation will be provided to field trips and local activities. For instructions for submitting titles for presentation (Sept 30 deadline), contact John Harbo 504/766-6064, FAX 504/389-0383, E-Mail JHARBO@ASRR.ARSUSDA.GOV ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 31 Aug 1994 11:39:21 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jane Power Subject: Query about queen cells A beebuddy and I have a mystery, albiet not a big one, on our hands. We have both checked our materials and we don't have an answer. She found a used queen cell on the "front step" of her hive, and we are both wondering why the bees would remove it. She says that the hive may have swarmed--she doesn't know because the hive is so nasty that she avoids working them. She is planning to requeen. Any suggestions would be appreciated and thanks so much for your help. Cheers, Jane Power "the power that bees" ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 31 Aug 1994 18:02:23 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Shuraa Subject: Re: Query about queen cells Dear Jane; Maybe the Bees swarmed because the "hive" was "nasty"? I mean even us humans would swarm if our "hive" was "nasty". I would strongly recommend that you understand why there was Queen cell on the front step of the hive before you requeen and have the same problem again. Beefriend. ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 31 Aug 1994 17:42:46 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Phil Veldhuis Subject: Re: Query about queen cells In-Reply-To: <9408311611.AA18203@canopus.CC.UManitoba.CA> from "Jane Power" at Aug 31, 94 11:39:21 am RE: Queen Cell on Hive entrance: Beehives routinely remove debris from the hive and drag it out the entrance. It seems to me that the logical interpretation of what you found is that: 1. The hive either swarmed or re-queened itself (evidence = 1 used cell) 2. The used cell was either cut from the comb by the bees or the beekeeper (probably the former, since the hive is not worked) 3. The cell droped to the floor of the hive, and from whence, it was draged out the front entrance. The only unusual thing about this is that the cell was intact, usually the bees chew the cells apart bit by bit. Probably the cell was hung from its frame rather than drawn out from it. When the bees started to tear it down, the support was weakened and it fell to the floor of the hive. hope this helps, Phil Veldhuis -- ------------oooooooooooooooOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOooooooooooooo------------- Phil Veldhuis | "if something is not worth doing, Winnipeg. MB, Canada | it is not worth doing right" veldhui@cc.umanitoba.ca | Dave Barry (1985) ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 31 Aug 1994 18:51:02 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Russell Doyen Subject: Hive Products Someone told me that people were eating bee larva. Is this true? Why? Ych. How are they collecting them and preparing them? thanks ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 31 Aug 1994 19:11:24 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Russell Doyen Subject: Drone Foundation Ross Rounds AHB Greetings, This is the first time I have "sounded off" on the BEE-L. I have enjoyed the discussions in this group for almost a week. I keep Buckfast bees exclusively. I enjoy their gentleness and attractive appearance. They are good producers in Maryland. However, keeping only one type of bee limits my ability to experiment. I have three things of interest to share, and one compound question about AHB. 1) I placed two Drone cell embossed foundations in a deep which was filled with eight Duragilt foundations. The Drone foundation was against the walls, the eight Duragilt in the center. The bees drew out the Drone cells before drawing out the Duragilt? This behavior seems atypical since bees prefer to start in the center. I also read (I believe in the new "Hive and the Honeybee") that bees don't like to draw out Drone foundation. Note: I keep my hives fairly clean of burr comb and the drone population is fairly insignificant except in one hive where the queen crossed honey and laid in the test drone sheets (I had "thousands" of drones before I figured out what she had done). 2) I placed two Drone cell embossed foundations in a Ross Round box. The rest was filled with very thin white foundation, worker cell size. The bees drew out the Drone rounds before the worker size foundation. Without regard to placement. 3) The Drone cell sized comb looked better than the standard cell size. People asked me if I was growing "Super Bees" to get such large honey comb. I think this could be a very marketable way of displaying honeycomb. I think that the unique appeal of Drone comb to the bee and the consumer should be looked at further. Further observation (although probably unrelated): The colony where the queen crossed the honey to lay has a verroa mite infestation. Question: Are the Weaver Apiaries in TX (where the Buckfasts are sold) at danger of spreading queens carrying the AHB strain? Will my Buckfast queens breed true if I flood the area with Drones from my Buckfast hives? What is the easiest/best way to raise queens? Many thanks in advance for your advice/help. :-B ______________________________________________"_"_'_""_'_____________ Russell Doyen voice (410) 573-7325 doyenr@tecnet1.jcte.jcs.mil Illinois Institute of Technology Research Institute (IITRI) Interests: Programming, Beekeeping, SCUBA Diving, Cooking, Hunting, Lurking on the Internet, Cartoon Collecting, Sailing, Married. OOo O <^_^^^_^> _ /| O oO H /"\_^^_/"\ <(o) (o)> \`o_O' o O \/ o o \/ ( " ) """ ( ) _____ o N | q | \ ~ / -(o o)- U (_/-\_).. E \ ++ / \___/ --oo--(_)--oo-- Ack! ===(O). Y [[><]] Opinions expressed are mine (I think) and don't reflect views of my employer. [All the usual disclaimers apply] _____________________________________________________________________ ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 31 Aug 1994 22:04:30 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: George Clarkson/SC <70641.2067@COMPUSERVE.COM> Subject: Making grease patties I have tried making grease patties once and although I did it, it was rather tiresome and messy combining the powdered sugar into the shortening. I was wondering if anyone has tried melting the shortening, stiring in the sugar, letting it cool again, and maybe even pouring the liquid in some kind of moulds first. Does an one know of a problem with doing this. It certainly seems that it would be easier to get them thoroughly mixed. George ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 31 Aug 1994 21:41:05 -0600 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jerry J Bromenshenk Subject: Re: Query about queen cells In-Reply-To: from "Jane Power" at Aug 31, 94 11:39:21 am Jane: We just finished pulling apart and inspecting (actually measuring) every inch of some 40 hives. As in earlier tests, we found queen cells of all types and descriptions in many of the hives. At this time of the year, almost all were supercedure cells. Many of these hives still had a laying queen. Some had ripped open cells, where a queen had emerged. Our observations suggest that there is a lot of queen replacement going on. Our hives are mildly to heavily infested with Tracheal and Varroa mite, but I can't say that the mites have anything to do with this. I can say that the percent of hives that superceded has been very high. But we have seen a lot more of this than commonly acknowledged over many years. We may see it because of the nature of our research. Seems like we spend most of the year shaking bees out and pulling combs to look for things. If you live with your head in a bee box, you may see things others miss. In other words, why would a beekeeper aggressively look for queen cells after the prime swarm season. Honey extraction and other tasks take precedence. Ok, now I have a question. We keep finding queens with a concave dent near the middle of the dorsal side of the thorax. These queens usually are in hives that are trying to supercede. In most cases the queen is still laying. Far as we know, she wasn't smashed, so how did she get the dent? Cheers Jerry Bromenshenk jjbmail@selway.umt.edu