Received: from [169.226.1.21] by relay.internode.net (SMTPD32-3.02) id AE8B153300CA; Tue, 12 Nov 1996 23:45:31 -0700 Received: from CNSIBM.ALBANY.EDU by CNSIBM.ALBANY.EDU (IBM VM SMTP V2R2) with BSMTP id 1803; Wed, 13 Nov 96 01:47:47 EST Received: from CNSIBM.ALBANY.EDU (NJE origin LISTSERV@ALBNYVM1) by CNSIBM.ALBANY.EDU (LMail V1.2c/1.8c) with BSMTP id 9698; Wed, 13 Nov 1996 01:47:39 -0500 Date: Wed, 13 Nov 1996 01:47:35 -0500 From: "L-Soft list server at ALBNYVM1 (1.8b)" Subject: File: "BEE-L LOG9610C" To: "W. Allen Dick" X-UIDL: 482 Status: U X-PMFLAGS: 33554560 0 ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 14 Oct 1996 10:42:26 +0100 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Dave Black Subject: Re: Apistan residue In-Reply-To: In message , "Allen G. Meek" writes >As a new hobby beekeeper I have questions about Apistan. Where to start! Apistan is a strip impregnated with a synthetic pyrethroid known as tau-fluvalinate. It is designed to dispense the compound by contact with it, as you say, it rubs off. The particular formulation of the chemical used is not really soluble in water (and so honey) but is partly soluble in wax. Some studies have shown that honey in contact with wax for a long time can become contaminated with fluvalinates but so far a different preparation of the chemical (eg.Mavrik) has been responsible. As a beekeeper therefore your concern is to limit the residue in wax. There is a problem in that the residue becomes locked into the wax (rather like in the strips) and so will not be exposed to UV light which would eventually break it down, or transported around. So it doesn't breakdown, isn't effective and it's an unlikely souce of aquired immunity. We know from research that in the main the residue is found near where the strips were placed and the reason supers are left off is to prevent the compound being incorporated into the newly constructed wax, rather than control its transfer to honey. Confining the bees and chemical to the brood will also improve the efficiency with which its dispersed. Control of the dose is very important because of the strategy we need to use to delay the probability of suceeding mite generations reproducing a chance resistance to the chemical. I find the genetics of this rather trickey so get someone else to explain that one. The upshot is that you follow the instructions, use them and then take them out. A good summary of the technical and toxicological data available for the compound can be found at and doing a search for 'fluvalinate'. As far as I know the most significant risk to human health is the chance of some hypersensitive people developing a skin rash so Sandoz suggest gloves! -- Dave Black Blacks Bee Gardens, Guildford, GU1 4RN. UK. ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 14 Oct 1996 09:02:54 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Tim Peters Subject: Re: OILS and Baggie Feeders At 04:48 AM 10/11/96 -0500, you wrote: <> > I have a few more comments on the baggie feeders, based on one use, >then one replacement after they sucked down the first one: (Read "novice >user...") They are a cute way to deliver syrup to the bees, and they did >drain the first one _very_ fast, but there are some drawbacks: <> >Comments? Other experience with this type feeder? Maybe I ain't doing >it right. Gerry and all: I concur with your list of drawbacks, especially #3 (no refills). Your experience seems to be closely aligned with my own. One difference: I place the baggies directly on top of the frame bars, an empty super THEN the inner cover. The girls have much more direct access to the baggie and I have not had any trouble (knock on a hive body) with them taking up the syrup. It has been mentioned in the past and I have tried to use a queen excluder to support the baggies up off the frame tops but you may recall that I have FAT bees (I breed them in my own image! :-)) that seem to have trouble moving thru the excluder so I just went with PLOP! on top of the frames. Using this method, unfortunately adds another drawback for this neck of the woods: It requires exposing the hive to outside weather conditions. Now thatits colder I shudder (as do the girls) at the thought of doing this. I am very impressed with how quickly syrup is taken from baggie feeders and for this reason I will probably use them exclusively for spring build-up. For now its back to the gallon pails over the inner cover hole. Till next time..... Tim Peters, Kirby VT tpeters@kingcon.com KirBee Apiary, Bear Bait Honey I rather be flying! ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 14 Oct 1996 09:39:51 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: David Morris Subject: Re: Carniolans A few years ago, at a meeting of the Apiary Inspectors of America, held in Maryland that year, I asked the APHIS official who addressed the meeting about importing Canadian bees. He stated that the 1923 law did not include Canada. The inpector from Nova Scotia (his name eludes me right now) was with me at the time as we both had an interest in the answer to that question. I, too, would be interested in the names of the Canadian Buckfast breeders. Regards, David Morris Laurel, MD ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 14 Oct 1996 06:38:00 GMT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Andy Nachbaur Organization: WILD BEE'S BBS (209) 826-8107 LOS BANOS, CA Subject: Re: Immune Reactions to Stings CA>From: Chris Allen >Date: Mon, 14 Oct 1996 13:30:29 +1100 >Subject: Re: Immune Reactions to Stings CA>>One must act prudently not giving an Epipen injection whenever >>a small local swelling occurs, but one will rather quickly know >>when a sting reaction is getting out of hand, and Epipen is the >>single treatment of choice for this situation. CA>This implies that we should keep a shot of Epipen with us all the time and >learn how to use it. CA>Have you tried injecting your self lately(or any body else)? (I presume >most readers here are not into the fashionable drugs) Or will they get a chance to get it into them if they live in this part of central California that is home to more then 500,000 hives of bees for several months each year as it is a violation of the law for a druggist to sell this without a prescription from a licensed doctor of medicine. If a person knows he or she is at risk they certainly should have at hand the appropriate medicine. The problem is that there are times when one is not prepared as it was with a good friend of my own that I had no idea was at all sensitive to bee stings as he is the financial officer for a large beekeeping enterprise in partnership with his two brothers all who have been in the bees since their high school days. One afternoon several years ago he, one of his brothers and I were on the way to a evening dinner beekeepers meeting and his brother wanted an 2nd opinion on some bees that were in bad shape and were in the area. We stopped for only a minute and of course even though it was not a time of the year that the bees were flying heavy we did manage to bring one bee back into the pick me up undetected and it sat upon my hapless friend who was allergic. He did not complain but I could see he was not doing well as I raced in the direction of the nearest town hoping to fine a drug store so he could get what ever he needed and had not brought with him. The more he told me not to worry the faster I tried to go as I could see he was not looking any better and it was about 5 pm and I feared all the local drug stores would soon be closed out in this rural area. At last we can into a small town and as luck would have it there was the local drug store open and my friend and his brother went in to purchase what would relieve the symptoms of shock I could see was coming on and we could be on or way to the meeting none the worse. A few minutes later my friends returned now both who's color looked about equal as the druggist could not or would not sell them the medicine without a prescription and it was 30 miles to the next small town and then I did not know if they had an emergency hospital or not. As luck would have it a small country doctor was just down the street and even at this late hour was still in as we pulled in front of his small office. I stoped the pick up and his brother and I got out but the one little bee sting had done it job and we had to all but carry the now limp brother into the office just in the nick of time according to the doctor who not only gave him a shot but put him on a IV for a 2nd dose as I think he was as frightened as we were and relived when we all walked out. Less then an hour later, sixty five dollars lighter we were on our way to the beekeepers meeting and all enjoyed a evening of good talk and a nice chicken dinner as I remember it, but it was as close as I want to come to a close call with someone who is allergic to bee stings. I could tell you two more personal stories but won't bore you with the details except to say that my x wife and step daughter were also dangerously allergic to bee stings and were able to get de sensitized by bi-weekly trips to the doctors for shots, and my x wife has kept up her immunity by an occasional bee sting. They were lucky as they both were able to take the treatments and it worked, some are not so lucky and should have the prescribed medicine ready to use at any time. ttul Andy- (c) Permission is granted to freely copy this document in any form, or to print for any use. (w)Opinions are not necessarily facts. Use at own risk. --- ~ QMPro 1.53 ~ HTTP://SUEBEE.COM ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 14 Oct 1996 17:12:48 +0100 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: David Sumpter Subject: Computer Simulation of Bees I am currently starting a PhD project in simulating the social behaviour of bees on a computer. In order to create such a computer model, I will require acurate data on the behaviour of bees. I am particularly interested in any information available relating to the behaviour of individual bees inside the hive and their interaction with one another. Does anyone subscribing to this list have access to such information or know where I might get it from? I would also like to hear from anyone else involved in simulation or mathematical modeling of bee hives. David Sumpter, Maths Dept, UMIST, Manchester ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 14 Oct 1996 15:30:50 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Ted Fischer Subject: Re: Immune Reactions to Stin REGARDING RE>Immune Reactions to Stings Andy Nachbaur wrote: >...it is a violation of the law for a druggist to sell this without a prescription from a licensed doctor of medicine.< This is certainly true. However, your personal physician will readily give you a prescription for Epipen if you tell him/her you are a beekeeper. At least this was true for me. I get a prescription every year, for one of the precautions mentioned during this thread is that the medication has a limited life. It should also not be stored in the glove compartment of the pickup during hot summer days or frozen there during the winter. The best thing is to keep it with you, not in the truck at all. I keep mine in my toolbox which goes from apiary to honeyhouse and back (wherever needed.) I would also like to comment on Chris Allen's post on this same subject (10/13): >If you get this stuff for your own use, make sure you get a good delivery system that you know you can use. Try a few trial does of harmless fluids to make sure you can handle it.< I don't think this is a very good idea. What is a harmless fluid? Certainly it would have to be something sterile, and not just water, for sure - it would have to be physiologic saline, at the very least. And I doubt if you could just pick that up from a druggist on the pretext that you want to practice injecting yourself! In any event, Epipen comes with a self injector. All you have to do is press it against your clothing and press the trigger, so it's really not such a big deal. Ted Fischer ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 14 Oct 1996 16:17:03 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Ted Fischer Subject: Re: Help REGARDING RE>Help Steven Albritton wrote (10/13): >We have one hive that has a lot of dead bees in front of it. A lot of the bees are almost fully developed larva that is still white but look like full grown bees. What causes this? What can we do for this.< Are the bees drone or worker pupae? I assume that they're drones, because a normal colony procedure this time of year is for the bees to exclude the adult drones from the hive, as well as uncap the developing drones and throw them out. This is a response to the coming winter season, and there is nothing to be done about it at all. Ted Fischer ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 15 Oct 1996 08:57:02 +1100 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Chris Allen Subject: Re: Immune Reactions to Stin RE>Reactions to Stings >.... your personal physician should give you a prescription for Epipen if you tell him/her you are a beekeeper....< Is "Epipen" a trade name? This stuff may be known by different names in other parts of the world. Please let us known its full generic name so that we can talk to our local doctors and chemists any where in the world. >>If you get this stuff for your own use, make sure you get a good delivery system that you know you can use. Try a few trial does of harmless fluids to make sure you can handle it.<< >What is a harmless fluid? Certainly it would have to be something sterile, and not just water, for sure - it would have to be physiologic saline, at the very least.< The fluids I had in mind were the ones that you mention. I also assumed that you would "practice" under supervision of an experienced medico. >In any event, Epipen comes with a self injector. All you have to do is press it against your clothing and press the trigger, so it's really not such a big deal.< I did not know this and am glad to hear it. The practice sessions I originally suggested may not be necessary. Regards Chris Allen ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 14 Oct 1996 19:38:12 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Ted Wout <102336.711@CompuServe.COM> Subject: Re: Permadent Another good source for Permadent is Lapp Bee Supply. Their prices are very competitive and their service/delivery are great. I have come to prefer ordering from these folks because they run a real "tight" operation. No credit cards, just checks or money orders and they pass the savings on to you. Lapp's Bee Supply 500 South Main St Reeseville, WI 53579 414-927-3848 800-321-1960 ---------- From: "Paul Cronshaw, D.C." Subject: Re: BEE-L Digest - 10 Oct 1996 to 11 Oct 1996 I get my Permadent foundation from Mann Lake Ltd. 1800-233-6663 >From their 1996 catalog Price varies according to size of sheets. 8 1/2" Quantaties 1-100 0.76 cents per sheet 5 5/8" " 0.66 cents per sheet 4 3/4" " 0.58 cents per sheet WOuld be interested in other sources and prices of this foudation. Paul Cronshaw DC Hobby Beekeeper Santa Barbara, CA --------------- Date: Fri, 11 Oct 1996 14:14:10 PST From: "Steven A. Creasy" Subject: Permadent Hello All, A while back, someone on the list stated that they used "Permadent" plastic foundation. I would be very interested in telephone/address/price information if someone has that info available. Thanks Steve Creasy- in Maryville, Tennessee Screasy@juno.com (yes, I too use the best-priced E-Mail software in the world! see www.juno.com) ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 14 Oct 1996 17:36:40 -1000 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Thomas W. Culliney -- Dept. of Agriculture" Subject: Re: Mavrik Comments: To: Allen Dick In-Reply-To: On Fri, 4 Oct 1996, Allen Dick wrote: > > Fluvalinate is slightly toxic to birds. The acute oral LD50 > > for fluvalinate in bobwhite quail is > 2,510 mg/kg. > > If I got this right, it takes 2.510 kg *per kg of quail* to kill half the > quail(s?). ( if 1mg=.001kg) Allen was just a few orders of magnitude off. 1 g (gram)=0.001 kg (kilogram); a milligram (mg) is one-millionth of a kilogram. Another way of expressing mg/kg is as parts per million (ppm). Tom Culliney culliney@elele.peacesat.hawaii.edu ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 14 Oct 1996 20:37:28 -0800 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jerry Fries Subject: Re: Miticides minus tirades Lets give up the grandstanding and try to offer answers to problems which we can use. Jerry Fries ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 14 Oct 1996 20:39:42 -0800 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jerry Fries Subject: Re: ENOUGH on Maverick!!! Amen Brother ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 14 Oct 1996 20:44:46 -0800 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jerry Fries Subject: Re[2]: Follower boards Thank you very much I will use them. Jerry Fries ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 14 Oct 1996 20:53:28 -0800 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jerry Fries Subject: Re: oils In Alaska my experience is the bees need a bottom air intake also. It should be a little smaller than the top. Top should be about 2 inches the bottom about 1 1/2 inches for about 15 frames of bees. Jerry Fries ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 14 Oct 1996 21:00:59 -0800 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jerry Fries Subject: Re: Carniolans Please post the addresses of isolated Buckfast Queen breeders. Jerry fries ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 14 Oct 1996 21:03:33 -0800 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jerry Fries Subject: Re: pesky bear Bears are a member of the pig family. They will eat just about anythig. But espescially sugar ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 15 Oct 1996 01:18:09 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Gerry Visel Subject: Wrapping and other Feedback I just had a bit of feedback from our Sunday Bee Club meeting in Milton, Wisconsin, which is about 25 miles north of the Illinois line near Rockford. We get drifting snows in the winter, and down to around -20 degrees F (-15 C?) Our club has three club hives that we started this year on drawn comb on Duragilt or similar plastic foundation. They produced about 175 pounds this year which we sold at $.90 per pound. We had a "healthy" discussion Sunday on whether to wrap the hives, with some interesting inputs. There was concern that the plastic frames would conduct heat away from the cluster, thus would need the extra wrap to help keep in the heat. (There were even some people there who owned aluminum frames which did the same. Museum pieces?) Some always wrap, some never do, and some think about it... We decided, (taking a tip from the Minnesota club cited in the bee mags,) to experiment, and not wrap one, wrap one in tarpaper, and do one with styrofoam boards all around, held on by rubber strips from tire inner tubes. All have top entrance holes drilled, though some people are moving away from that. We'll letcha know how they do... There was another suggestion, that being in a club allows, that we pool our resources and get the 25%+ quantity discount on Apistan (fluvalinate) strips, as we do on oxytetracycline (terramyacin.) We're a small club, but membership has its benefits!!! We have a regular "Bees in Cyberspace" feature at the meeting, of which your inputs are a big part. Thank you all very much! They appreciated your inputs from the essential oils discussion here, in particular. Other feedback: -- on latex gloves vs leather, etc. Get cheap cotton gloves and your hands won't get so hot. Keep latex ones for handling Apistan. -- shop around for wintergreen or other oils. We have paid from $2 to $5 for the same (small) size bottle of wintergreen. There may be a price difference in the natural stuff vs methyl salicylate, (which is chemically supposed to be the same stuff.) The club may buy this in quantity next spring, (though there was some concern expressed about adding yet another "chemical" to the hive that we take "pure" honey from! I think it will take a couple of years before the verdict is in on oils.) -- nobody used frame grips... -- on solar wax melters. Line them with freezer paper to make cleanup much easier. Use thick glass to minimize breakage. Insulate well and they work fine even on cool days. -- on melting wax for candles, etc. MINIMIZE the heat! Cooking it darkens the wax and leaves a dark residue if a double boiler is not used. Separate your cappings wax, especially if mechanical uncappers (which cut to the same level every year) are used, as it will be new wax each year, and much cleaner. -- we raffled off a bottle of fine mead that was donated, and raised yet another $10 for the club coffers! -- It was noted that the "manometer" hive scale won't work around here in the winter unless plenty of antifreeze was added!!! ;-) Happy Beeing! (dat's me!) Gerry and the other Visels at Visel7@juno.com ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 15 Oct 1996 13:00:18 +0300 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Vladimir Obolonkin Subject: Vlad glad to meet Jerry Hi Jerry! Thanks in youre replay. I'd like to know more about bees, beekeeping and beekeeprs. I belive - the humen are interesting almost like bees !:-) Please, write me few words about yourself and your bees. Yuirs, Vlad --------------------------------------------- Dr.Obolonkin International Sakharov Institute on Radioecology, Dolgobrodskaya, 23 220009, Minsk, Belarus e-mail: ooo@gray.isir.minsk.by (pers.) root@gray.isir.minsk.by (ISIR) tel./fax: (+375 172) 306 888 tel 307 372 ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 15 Oct 1996 06:48:39 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Stephen.Reddick" Subject: Re: Carniolans/Buckfast Jerry Fries wrote: > > Please post the addresses of isolated Buckfast Queen breeders. > > Jerry fries Hi Bee liners Some time ago this some information was asked for. I copied down these addresses I hope they are still active BUCKFAST: Barry Davies RR#1 Seeley's Bay. ON. CA K0H 2N0 (613)387-3171 BUCKFAST: Rick Neilson RR#1 Stratton. ON. CA P0W 1N0 BUCKFAST: Paul Montoux RR#1 Hagerville. ON. CA N0A 1H0 (905) 768-5530 This Information may not be Accurate Steve 1Yr 3Hives ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 15 Oct 1996 11:05:27 -0300 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Eunice D. Wonnacott" Subject: [Fwd: Internet ScamBusters #9] - 809 Scam Update >X-POP3-Rcpt: wonnacot@mail.cycor.ca >Date: Sun, 13 Oct 1996 09:22:46 -0700 (PDT) >X-Sender: gwe@pop.unixg.ubc.ca >To: baumannt@ucfv.bc.ca, JohnsonDL@em.agr.ca, wonnacot@cycor.ca, > kab@compusmart.ab.ca, leaton@siu.edu >From: gwe@unixg.ubc.ca (George W. Eaton) >Subject: [Fwd: Internet ScamBusters #9] - 809 Scam Update > >>X-ListName: Discussion of Freemasonry issues >> >>Warnings-To: <> >>Errors-To: owner-freemasonry-list@sacto.mp.usbr.gov >>Sender: owner-freemasonry-list@sacto.mp.usbr.gov >>Date: Sun, 13 Oct 1996 00:27:06 -0400 >>From: A Freemason in Michigan >>Reply-To: A Freemason in Michigan >>Organization: Genesee Lodge No. 174 F. &. A. M. < >> http://ronb.rust.net/lodges/genesee-174/ > >>To: Freemasonry List >>Subject: [Fwd: Internet ScamBusters #9] - 809 Scam Update >> >>Brother et al.=20 >> >>Just thought I'd send this Up-Date on the 809 Scam. >> >>Spread the Word. >> >>Frat >>Kevin >> >> >> >>--=20 >> >>__________________________________________________________________ >>Kevin Francart < armymp@tir.com > >>Genesee Lodge No. 174 F. &. A. M. >>Visit our Web Page at http://ronb.rust.net/lodges/genesee-174/ >>Valley of Bay City A.A.S.R. (NMJ) >>Elf Khurafeh Temple A.A.O.N.M.S. (The Shriners) >>National Sojourners Detroit Chapter No. 1 >>Clan No. 55 (MI Pine Ticks) Grand & Glorious Order of Hillbilly Degree >>Flint, Michigan, USA >>Disclaimer: The Opinions Expressed are my own and DO NOT necessarily=20 >>represent he views of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of the= =20 >>State of Michigan or any other Masonic Body or Individual Freemason. >>Received: from otter.mbay.net (otter.mbay.net [206.40.79.2]) by tir.com >(8.7.5/8.7) with ESMTP id UAA03267 for ; Sat, 12 Oct >1996 20:31:39 -0400 (EDT) >>Received: from bay.wz.com (bay.wz.com [206.40.79.35]) by otter.mbay.net >(8.7.2/8.6.12) with SMTP id RAA27570; Sat, 12 Oct 1996 17:30:27 -0700 >>Received: by bay.wz.com with ADMIN;12 Oct 1996 17:29:16 -0700 >>Received: from [206.79.40.90] (yoda.zp.com [206.79.40.90]) by >otter.mbay.net (8.7.2/8.6.12) with SMTP id RAA27502 for >; Sat, 12 Oct 1996 17:28:58 -0700 >>Message-Id: <199610130028.RAA27502@otter.mbay.net> >>Subject: Internet ScamBusters #9 >>Date: Sat, 12 Oct 96 17:28:33 -0700 >>From: >>To: >>Mime-Version: 1.0 > >>Content-Type: text/plain; charset=3D"iso-8859-1" >>X-UIDL: 75f6e0ead6683fc1acdc990a290b5799 >>X-Mozilla-Status: 0001 >> >>Internet ScamBusters >>- - exposing what really works and what doesn't - - >> >>By Audri and Jim Lanford, NETrageous Inc. >>Copyright =A9 1996 NETrageous Inc. >> >>Issue #9 October 12, 1996 >> >>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++=3D >>More On The "809" SCAM: Internet ScamBusters Uncovers=20 >>Additional Serious Implications For The Infamous "809" Scam >>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++=3D >> >>On Monday we sent out a Special Alert to notify subscribers of the >>"809" Scam. We've been doing a lot of research on this scam all >>week, and getting *a lot* of email. Last night we uncovered >>information which results in much broader implications of this scam >>than we've seen reported anywhere. So, we're sending out this >>additional issue of Internet ScamBusters to warn you about the new >>developments. >> >>Brief review: The "809" scam has many permutations but they all >>involve a message to you (either by email, phone or pager) that you >>immediately call a number in the "809" area code to avoid some bad >>consequence (such as litigation, or to receive information about >>someone who has been arrested or died) or to gain some good benefit >>(such as winning a wonderful prize). >> >>The "809" area code is in the Caribbean, yet most people are not >>aware that they are making an international call when they dial the >>"809" area code. "809" calls can be "pay-per-call" numbers (such as >>900 numbers in the US) - and there are no legal requirements that >>callers be informed that they are being charged extra. When you >>return a "pay-per-call" 809 call, they try to keep you on the phone >>as long as possible, and you are charged very high rates for the >>call, reportedly up to $25 per minute. >> >>New information: Until recently, the "809" area code covered the >>entire Caribbean. However, that's changed. There are now a series >>of new area codes for different countries in the Caribbean. That >>means there are now additional area codes which victims can >>unknowingly call with the same results as the original "809" scam.=20 >>The "268" area code is already reportedly being used by scam artists. >> And you can be sure that the scammers won't take long to start >>using these new codes in a big way. >> >>According to representatives at AT&T, here are the new area codes and >>their effective dates: >>Country Code Effective Date >>Bahamas 242 October 1, 1996 >>Barbados 246 July 1, 1996 >>Antigua 268 April 1, 1996 >>Cayman Islands 345 September 1, 1996 =20 >>Monsterrat 664 July 1, 1996 >>St. Lucia 758 July 1, 1996 >>Puerto Rico 787 March 1, 1996 >>St. Kitts/Nevis 869 October 1, 1996 >>Jamaica 876 October 1, 1996 (conflicting reports- >> may still be 809) >> >>Bermuda now has the area code of 441. >> >>A few more countries will be changing their area codes in 1997: >>N. Commonwealth >>of Mariana Is. 670 July 1, 1997 >>Trinidad & >>Dominica 767 October 1, 1997 >>Tobago 868 June 1, 1997 (however, this may have >> already have occurred according to AT&T) >> >>Several countries are keeping the 809 area code, such as the >>Dominican Republic, Grenada, Virgin Islands, Martinique, St. John >>(although St. John may change to 268), St. Thomas, and St. Vincent. >> >>(Please note: We spoke with three representatives at AT&T, and they >>all gave us slightly different information. For example, they varied >>on whether the effective date for Antigua's change was March 1 or >>April 1, 1996 and whether Jamaica has a new area code. However, our >>concern is with the major concepts rather than with the specific >>details.) >> >>And there's more. AT&T supplied us with a long list of >>"pay-per-call" numbers. The numbers on this list may include adult >>sex lines, resume lines, and other "pay-per-call" numbers. >> >>(Please note: this list does not include all of the "pay-per-call" >>numbers in the Caribbean - and there may be numbers included below >>that are not "pay-per-call" numbers. Our purpose here is to warn >>readers of the scope of this problem.) >> >>Antigua / St. John >>268-404-4000 to 404-6999 >>809-404-7411 >> >>Dominican Republic >>809-404-4000 to 404-6999 >>809-412-0785 to 412-0787 >>809-412-0960 to 412-0964 >>809-414-1000 to 414-1499 >>809-470-0000 to 414-1949 >>809-474-0001 to 474-9996 >>809-476-0105 to 476-0112 >>809-476-0131 to 476-0135 >>809-476-0314 to 476-0319 >>809-476-1001 to 476-1020 >>809-476-1200 to 476-1229 >>809-476-1350 to 476-1399 >>809-476-1400 to 476-1446 >>809-476-1600 to 476-1629 >>809-476-1765 to 476-1796 >>809-476-1930 to 476-1999 >>809-537-0300 to 537-0899 >>809-540-5000 to 540-5199 >>809-563-0000 to 563-0199 >>809-563-0300 to 563-0699 >>809-563-9000 to 563-9199 >>809-563-9300 to 563-9899 >> >>St. Vincent >>809-456-0000 to 456-9999 >>809-457-0000 to 457-9999 >>809-458-0000 to 458-9999 >>809-485-0000 to 485-9999 >>809-490-0000 to 490-9999 >>809-493-0000 to 493-9999 >> >>Summary: Be very careful returning phone numbers to area codes you >>don't recognize, especially when you receive calls, emails or pages >>with urgent messages that you call these numbers. Call your long >>distance phone company's operator to find out where the area code is >>located (or look it up on the net), and only call numbers that make >>sense to you. >> >>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ >> >>Two additional "pay-per-call" number scams: >> >>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++=3D+ >>SCAM: Some 800 numbers reportedly roll over to "809" and other >>foreign "pay-per-call" numbers with little or no warning. >>+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ >> >>A representative at AT&T warned us of a common scam she encounters.=20 >>Here's how it works: You see an ad on the Internet or in a newspaper >>for an overseas job opportunity as a "secret shopper" or a "mystery >>shopper." You call the listed 800 number to either learn more or to >>apply for the job. You are left on hold for 15 to 20 minutes. You >>are either warned that the call is being rolled over to a toll call, >>or you're not warned. However, even when people are warned, they >>don't realize that the roll over is to an international, >>"pay-per-call" number. When you are finally connected, you're told >>all the positions have been filled. When you receive your phone >>bill, you have a very large charge. >> >>+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ >>SCAM: "809" and other "pay-per-call" numbers can be used to cheat >>businesses who offer fax back services. >>+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ >> >>Thanks to Lee Jones, who alerted us to this scam: Many companies >>offer a computerized fax-back service where the company faxes >>requested documents to a phone number entered by the caller. The >>caller can get the fax-back service to call back their "pay-per-call" >>number. When the business calls this "pay-per-call" fax number to >>send the documents, they are charged the very inflated rates. You >>should consider protecting your business from this scam by blocking >>area codes such as those listed above. >> >>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ >> >>An update on the Internet version on the 809 scam we described in the >>last issue of Internet ScamBusters: >> >>On October 8th, we looked up the domain name and ISP of "Global >>Communications," the company that had posted the "809" message we >>included in the last issue. We discovered that the domain name, >>demon.net, is owned by Demon Systems Limited, in London. We tried >>calling Demon many times, but their phone was always busy. We >>emailed them asking what they intended to do about this scam, but we >>received no reply (other than their automated response that they had >>received our email). >> >>We also searched the newsgroups to see whether they had posted any >>additional information. We found three relevant posts. Here is part >>of the response from Mike Whitaker, Duty Postmaster, Demon Internet >>Ltd., postmaster@demon.net: >> >>---------------------------------------------------------- >>This message originates from one of our customers and is clearly a >>'scam' to persuade people to call the number listed. Demon take a >>very dim view of such behaviour, and appropriate action is being >>taken. >>---------------------------------------------------------- >> >>Demon Internet has closed "Global Communications" account and is >>considering further action. =20 >> >>You can be sure that "Global Communications" and other companies like >>them will be back soon with different names, phone numbers, email >>addresses and messages. Again, it's not the specifics of this scam >>that are important - it's watching out for the general principles. >> >>Incidentally, if you're curious, several people called the 809 phone >>number "Global Communications" posted to discover what actually >>happened when you called. Ryan J. Donmoyer, in MONEY Daily on >>October 9th, reports: >> >>"Callers to the number are led to believe they are talking to >>a live person, but in fact it is a clever recording that >>responds to the caller's voice. Among other things, an >>irate-sounding man with a British accent warns, 'Your >>check will come round or we'll come round to get it.' The >>recording seems designed to keep callers on the line as >>long as possible, and is reportedly billed at $25 per minute." >> >>Others reported that this "man" with a British accent kept telling >>them to hold on while he picked up other phone calls and supposedly >>yelled at his staff. He continued to yell at the callers as well, >>saying "send the money," and yelled into other ringing phones as long >>as the callers remained on the line. >> >> >>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ >> >>Corrections and Clarifications to Issue #8 Of Internet ScamBusters: >> >>- According to our sources at AT&T, the number listed in the email >>(809 496 2700) is located in the Dominican Republic, not in the >>British Virgin Islands or the Bahamas as we reported. >> >>- We had a typo in the last issue that implied that the Bahamas and >>the British Virgin Islands were the same country - obviously, that's >>not true. (Thanks to Kathryn Morris for pointing this out.) >> >>- Finally, we hope it goes without saying that we do not view all >>Caribbean businesses as fraudulent. Obviously, most Caribbean >>businesses are honest. Nor did we name the West Indian language as >>"broken English." What we said was the person who answers the phone >>in these scams sometimes speaks broken English and pretends not to >>understand you to keep you on the line. We certainly did not, and do >>not, view West Indian language as "broken English." >> >> >>+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ >>+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ >> >>A plug for our newsletter, NETrageous Results: Stop >>wasting your time, effort and money on unsuccessful Internet >>marketing. Visit http://www.netrageous.com/netrageous.html >> >>BTW, we are often asked how we can publish Internet ScamBusters and >>yet sell stuff on the Net. The answer is simple: We respect Internet >>culture, offer only very high quality products, and give exceptional >>guarantees on everything we offer. We are passionate about helping >>businesses achieve outstanding success by providing tremendous >>value to customers. At the same time, we=B9re committed to helping >>people avoid getting ripped off by Internet scams, >>misinformation and hype. >> >>+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ >> >>About Internet ScamBusters >>Internet ScamBusters is a free resource to >>benefit the commercial Internet community, published by Audri and >>Jim Lanford at NETrageous Inc. Feel free to pass along the >>entire zine for non-commercial purposes - however, please do not >>remove the copyright notice. >> >>If you like Internet ScamBusters, please forward it along >>or tell your friends where they can subscribe >>-email to scambusters@svr.com or at http://www.scambusters.com >>We appreciate it! >> >>To UNSUBSCRIBE from Internet ScamBusters, send an e-mail to: >>scambusters@svr.com and write "unsubscribe" in the subject field. >> >>To SUBSCRIBE to Internet ScamBusters, send an e-mail to: >>scambusters@svr.com and write "subscribe" in the subject field. >> >>To receive a list of PAST ISSUES of Internet ScamBusters, send an >>e-mail to: scambusters@svr.com and write ISSUE in the subject field. >> >>To COMMENT on Internet ScamBusters, send an e-mail to: >>comments@netrageous.com. >>(Please do not send comments to this list by clicking reply. >>This is a one-way only mailing list.) >> >>We welcome your feedback. Please send any questions, comments, >>stories about bad experiences, or words of wisdom to help others NOT >>get ripped off to comments@netrageous.com (anonymity guaranteed). >> >>The disclaimer located at http://www.scambusters.com/disclaimer.html >>applies to this zine. >> >> >> >Sincerely & Fraternally, IMJ, IMHO, I guess.=20 > >George W. (Jolly) Eaton >e-mail: gwe@unixg.ubc.ca >WM Elect - Zion Lodge No. 77 AF & AM >SW - Kerrisdale Lodge No. 117 AF & AM >First Principal - Triple Tau Chapter No. 21, RAM >Presiding Preceptor - Columbia Preceptory No. 34 (KT) >Vancouver BC Canada =20 > >Block updated 1996-10-13 > > > ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 15 Oct 1996 11:05:47 -0300 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Eunice D. Wonnacott" Have just forwarded n message re a "scam" related to long distance telephone calling. It may help someone to avoid a vey bad experience. Apologies in advance to any who feel their "space" has been violated. Eunice "From the Cradle of Confederation" ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 15 Oct 1996 09:00:38 +0000 Reply-To: elevi@aristotle.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Ed Levi Subject: Re: Wrapping Just a couple of observations: When I kept bees in France, it was the practice to put one or two 2 inch screened holes in the bottom boards for ventilation in summer and winter. When I moved to southern states, I did the same and found that the bees propolized those shut. Recently, I visited Morten P. in Denmark (cold climate) who uses bottom boards which is nearly fully screened. While the the majority of the hives are made of a dense insulated material, the bees did not propolize the bottom screens. Ed ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 15 Oct 1996 08:46:42 +0000 Reply-To: elevi@aristotle.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Ed Levi Subject: Re: Immune Reactions to Stings I probably shouldn't do this but...can't help myself: Interesting how we wouldn't make up our own mixtures and application methods for remedies for sting reactions. Maybe we could find something cheaper to inject ourselves other than epipens? Surely there's something out there that would be cheaper and is used on other forms of life. Of course, that might be as harmful to us as untested concoctions of acaricides are to those who might be hypersensitive or as deadly as our markets would find the publicity of drug experimentation in honey producing hives. I'm all for learning better methods under controlled settings. I'm not in favor of short-sightedness or expediency in the name of quick fixes. We ought to use Epipens and acaricides as per label instructions. Ed ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 15 Oct 1996 13:12:00 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Mike Beluch Subject: Beekeeping Merit Badge - Reinstatement Homepage Hi all. I wish to apologize to all non-US Bee-l'ers for all these posts, I hate to get junk mail too. I have started a homepage to organize the Boy Scouts of America Beekeeping Merit Badge reinstatement effort. The address is: http://www.webspan.net/~beluch Please be patient, as it's under construction. I urge all US beekeepers to take a look at how they might be able to help get this important source of 'new blood' back on track. From now on, I will only post major milestones as they are achieved to this list. Thank you all for your help, and if you have any questions, visit the homepage or email me at the following; beluch@webspan.net Mike Beluch ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 14 Oct 1996 16:57:28 CST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Matthew Ter Molen Subject: Brood Rearing and Apistan I have noticed something that I would like to run by other members of the bee list. I currently have 10 hives in Northeastern Illinois (just outside of Chicago) and have been out working the hives the last couple of weekends. Around this time of year for the last 2 years I have noticed the following. I have meticulously followed all of the recommended procedures for Apistan treatment and, since I leave on the fall honey for the bees, treat my hives in mid to late August and pull the strips in late September. I keep my bees in 3 deep hive bodies and all have 1996 queens from a variety of sources. When revising my hives a week ago and pulling the apistan strips I noticed that I had around a 1 or 2 frames of brood per hive but no eggs. However, when I went back yesterday to check they had around 3 to 4 frames of eggs plus frames of capped brood. Now, we've had nice weather recently and we haven't had a hard frost so there is still a lot of aster and goldenrod in bloom and the bees were bringing in a lot of pollen. However, I noticed the correlation last year in that when the strips were in place I saw brood production decrease and then, the minute the strips have been pulled, I see egg laying dramatically increase. Has anyone else experienced this? I don't think that it is weather related, even though there is an obvious decrease in brood production at this time of year because of the cold weather and coming winter. Thanks. Matt Ter Molen ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 15 Oct 1996 14:36:03 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Ted Fischer Subject: Re: Immune reactions REGARDING RE>Immune reactions Chris Allen wrote (10/14/96): >Is "Epipen" a trade name? This stuff may be known by different names in other parts of the world. Please let us known its full generic name so that we can talk to our local doctors and chemists any where in the world.< Epipen is an American trade name for an epinephrine solution included with a self-injector, specifically for systemic allergic reactions (anaphylacsis). I do not know the strength of the solution nor the amount in a single dosage, but the above description should be adequate for international physicians to recognize and prescribe the regional counterpart. Ted Fischer ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 15 Oct 1996 14:53:48 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Diana Sammataro Subject: Bee Schools I am trying to update Beekeeper's Handbook, and need a list of current bee schools here and abroad. These are courses taught to prepare beekeepers for becoming commercial concerns, not one or two classes. I know Cardiff used to have one, is it still in business? Anyone else? Thanks in advance, Diana Diana Sammataro, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, OARDC/ Dept. Entomology Extension Bee Laboratory, 1680 Madison Avenue Wooster, OH 44691 NEW Phone: (330) 263 3912 Fax: (330) 262 2720 Email: Sammataro.1@osu.edu ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 15 Oct 1996 16:37:27 -0600 Reply-To: Miguel Corona Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Miguel Corona Subject: Virus and Varroa Does somebody has any information or comments about mortality of bee colonies caused by viruses associated with varroa? . Thank you very much for you help. Miguel Corona Biotechnology Institute. National University of Mexico ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 15 Oct 1996 18:20:57 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Bill Van Roekel Subject: IOWA HONEY PRODUCER'S Association Annual Meeting The IHPA is having its 84th annual meeting . At: The Best Western Regency Motel, Marshalltown, Iowa It is on the south side of town at the intersection of Hwy 30 and Hwy 14. When: Friday and Saturday October 25 and 26, 1996 Cost: $15 for individuals(includes 1997 membership) $25 family rate. Banquet extra read on. Friday: 8:00 Registration 8:45 Announcements 8:50 President's welcome 9:15 Pollination work at the Plant Introduction Station Craig Abel 10:15 Break-- Honey snacks by Janet Eidbo 10:45 Migratory Beekeeping on the East Coast David Hackenberg 11:30 Report from New State Horticulturist Doug Struyk 11:45 State Fair Sales John Johnson 12:00 Lunch (on your own) 1:00 Report from State Apiarist--Bob Cox 1:45 What the general public calls "BEES" Donald Lewis 2:15 Cooking contest results 2:30 IHPA business meeting 3:30 International Science fair Project Carol Fassbinder 4:00 National Honey Board News Binford Weaver 4:45 Honey tasting and moisture testing session--Bob Cox Break 6:15 Wine & cheese reception compliments Marshalltown Chamber of Commerce 7:00 Banquet $14.00 Awards,etc. and Speaker Binford Weaver Iowa Chop, spuds,veg,salad,ice cream,drink Saturday 8:00 visit vendors 9:00 Report from Polish Youth Beekeeping exchange Russ Swenson 9:30 Successful overwintering of bees in Iowa John Johnson 10:00 Break 10:15 Form and Function of the body of the Honey Bee Ackland Jones 11:15 American Honey Producers Association news Jerry Stroope 12:00 Lunch(on your own) 1:00 Local area crop reports 1:30 A lifetime of Beekeeping in Texas Binford Weaver 2:00 Honey Cooking demonstration--Patty Stewart 3:00 Adjourn Motel Res 1-800-241-2974 Rates: (convention) $46.80 single, $53.10 double $6.30 each additional person per room. Please tell them you are there for the IOWA HONEY PRODUCER'S ASSOCIATION Meeting. e-mail me if you have questions etc. For them that does, there is a casino 15 minutes from the motel. ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 15 Oct 1996 19:09:55 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: David Eyre Subject: Re: Buckfast I wrote recently regarding Ontario Buckfast breeders, and got swamped for my trouble!! To all the folks who wrote asking for information, I just cannot write to you all individually to give you the info and answer all the questions, if would take forever. So I am sending this to the whole list. If I should miss a point or two, then please e-mail again. For those without interest in what we are doing I apologise for taking up your time. Ontario Bee Breeding There are 3 main Buckfast breeders in Ontario. One in the NW, one in the SW and one in the SE of Ontario. Each breeder is licenced by Buckfast Abbey and each pays a Royalty to the Abbey on each Queen sold. They are visited on a regular basis, and each receives imports of new stock. Each of these breeders is required to maintain ISOLATED breeding areas as part of their licence, and can supply CLOSED mated queens. The average price of queens is as follows:- Closed mated Buckfast $35.00 CDN Open mated Buckfast $15.00 CDN Some breeders will supply Cells only at $3.00 and Virgin Queens at $6.00 Needless to say cells really only work for collection customers, and virgins are difficult to introduce. BUCKFAST BREEDERS SE Ontario Barry Davies RR#1 Seeley's Bay. ON. CA K0H 2N0 (613) 387-3171 NW Ontario Rick Neilson RR#1 Stratton. ON. CA P0W 1N0 (807) 487-2387 SW Ontario Paul Montoux RR#1 Hagersville. ON. CA N0A 1H0 (905) 768-5530 I make no claims or promises regarding the above.As far as I am aware, none are on thec Bee-l or the Web. To use Ontario queens would require a slightly different approach than usually practiced. We make increase this year, do not expect a crop in the first year, but then have really big hives in the second year. Often the split queen is old and is replaced at the same time, and a big hive can then be split 3 or even 4 times. This way production hives are not disturbed, and less hives are broken down to make increase. Our first queens are usually available the first or second week in June, before this date drones are in short supply and mating can be erratic. There are no problems exporting bees to the U.S in fact I personally have been exporting Queens all summer long. There are a number of breeders who are using Buckfast as a means of achieving Tracheal Mite resistant bees, in fact we are one. We use Buckfast mothers and mate to our Italians. This combination produces the ideal bee for the climate in our area, hard working, early starter, quick spring build up, works even when it's cold and wet. We are unable to use the words Buckfast in our description or advertising as we are not licenced. I hope this will answer the questions, I would recomend that you give us a try next year, we do have good bees and care about what we are doing!!!! **************************************************** * David Eyre 9 Progress Drive, Unit 2, * * The Beeworks, Orillia, Ontario, L3V 6H1. * * beeworks@muskoka.net 705-326-7171 * * http://www.muskoka.net/~beeworks * * Agents for: E H Thorne & B J Sherriff UK. * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 15 Oct 1996 19:31:17 -0600 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Doug McCulloch Subject: Re: Buckfast I was interested in trying some buckfast queens this past year but learned that just because the queen is resistant to the tracheal mite says nothing for varroa, and that there is a good possibility of purchasing it with the queen. Correct me if I'm wrong, David. >I wrote recently regarding Ontario Buckfast breeders, and got swamped for my >trouble!! > To all the folks who wrote asking for information, I just cannot >write to you all individually to give you the info and answer all the >questions, if would take forever. So I am sending this to the whole list. If >I should miss a point or two, then please e-mail again. For those without >interest in what we are doing I apologise for taking up your time. > >Ontario Bee Breeding > There are 3 main Buckfast breeders in Ontario. One in the NW, one in >the SW and one in the SE of Ontario. > Each breeder is licenced by Buckfast Abbey and each pays a Royalty >to the Abbey on each Queen sold. They are visited on a regular basis, and >each receives imports of new stock. Each of these breeders is required to >maintain ISOLATED breeding areas as part of their licence, and can supply >CLOSED mated queens. > The average price of queens is as follows:- > Closed mated Buckfast $35.00 CDN > Open mated Buckfast $15.00 CDN >Some breeders will supply Cells only at $3.00 > and Virgin Queens at $6.00 >Needless to say cells really only work for collection customers, and virgins >are difficult to introduce. > > > BUCKFAST BREEDERS > SE Ontario Barry Davies > RR#1 Seeley's Bay. ON. CA > K0H 2N0 > (613) 387-3171 > > NW Ontario Rick Neilson > RR#1 Stratton. ON. CA > P0W 1N0 > (807) 487-2387 > > SW Ontario Paul Montoux > RR#1 Hagersville. ON. CA > N0A 1H0 > (905) 768-5530 > >I make no claims or promises regarding the above.As far as I am aware, none >are on thec Bee-l or the Web. > >To use Ontario queens would require a slightly different approach than >usually practiced. We make increase this year, do not expect a crop in the >first year, but then have really big hives in the second year. Often the >split queen is old and is replaced at the same time, and a big hive can then >be split 3 or even 4 times. This way production hives are not disturbed, and >less hives are broken down to make increase. Our first queens are usually >available the first or second week in June, before this date drones are in >short supply and mating can be erratic. > There are no problems exporting bees to the U.S in fact I personally >have been exporting Queens all summer long. > There are a number of breeders who are using Buckfast as a means of >achieving Tracheal Mite resistant bees, in fact we are one. We use Buckfast >mothers and mate to our Italians. This combination produces the ideal bee >for the climate in our area, hard working, early starter, quick spring build >up, works even when it's cold and wet. We are unable to use the words >Buckfast in our description or advertising as we are not licenced. > I hope this will answer the questions, I would recomend that you >give us a try next year, we do have good bees and care about what we are >doing!!!! > > > **************************************************** > * David Eyre 9 Progress Drive, Unit 2, * > * The Beeworks, Orillia, Ontario, L3V 6H1. * > * beeworks@muskoka.net 705-326-7171 * > * http://www.muskoka.net/~beeworks * > * Agents for: E H Thorne & B J Sherriff UK. * > **************************************************** > > ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 16 Oct 1996 09:25:37 +0100 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Dave Black Subject: Re: Virus and Varroa Comments: To: Miguel Corona In-Reply-To: In message , Miguel Corona writes > Does somebody has any information or comments about mortality of >bee colonies caused by viruses associated with varroa? . I have been writing about this for my local beekeepers after attending an IBRA conference. Some of the work covered your interest. I can find the references or summary paper if thats a help. Here is an extract. For years the anecdotal experience of Varroa has been confusing. Some treated colonies died out while other untreated colonies appeared to be resistant...... Brenda Ball from the Insect Pathology Section at Rothamstead Experimental Station has shown that the cause of the colonys death is not as simple as first thought and not entirely due to the mite..... The work at Rothampstead has shown that the main cause of death in Varroa infested colonies has been virus infections. These have all been associated with bee colonies before but the mite has provided a new route for the viral particles entry and acts as a vector spreading the infection both within the colony and between colonies. It is highly probable that the variation in the response to Varroa infestations is due to the presence or absence of different types of viral pathogens. It is also possible to detect the viral infection after the Varroa mites have been removed and once established it will remain still causing the death of the colony. The first treatment programmes allowed a mite population to build and then attacked it with a single treatment. At the time it was thought that it was the large population of mites feeding on the bees that was causing the damage. However the direct effect of the mite feeding on the bees haemolymph seems minimal and future methods will have to limit the population of mites so that viral infections cant become established. The symptoms of a viral infection are not clear but death of all stages of brood in midsummer has been noted. These infections are also responsible for the deformed wings and so on that appear in emerged bees. Testing mites for viruses can give an early indication of trouble as they can be detected in the mite as much as three months before they appear in bees. -- Dave Black Blacks Bee Gardens, Guildford, GU1 4RN. UK. ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 16 Oct 1996 07:23:13 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Richard Blohm Subject: Re: Immune reactions In a message dated 96-10-15 14:48:20 EDT, you write: << Chris Allen wrote (10/14/96): >Is "Epipen" a trade name? This stuff may be known by different names in other parts of the world. Please let us known its full generic name so that we can talk to our local doctors and chemists any where in the world.< <> This is information I took off the EpiPen package insert: "Delivers 0.3 mg intramuscular dose of epinephrine from Epinephrine Injection, USP, 1:1000 (0.3 mL)." Manufactured for Center Laboratories, Division of EM Industries, INC., 35 Channel Drive Port Washington, NY 11050, USA by Survival Technology, Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA Hope that helps Rich Blohm, LI NY USA ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 16 Oct 1996 11:49:53 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Roy Nettlebeck Subject: Re: Miticides minus tirades In-Reply-To: On Mon, 14 Oct 1996, Jerry Fries wrote: > Lets give up the grandstanding and try to offer answers to problems which > we can use. > Hi Jerry and all, We do have our own opinions and that is the way progress is made on any project.Teams win , and don't ever forget that we are all on the same team. We do want the best for our bees.We all feel bad when we loose bees to any pathogen. I agree that we need to focus on a long term fix for the mites and quit throwing rocks at each other.We are all frustrated with the problem. Lets solve this problem the right way. We have researchers all over the world working on this problem.They did not get all of there education just for something to do with there time. They are dedicated to learn more and help solve problems as they come up.We should not shoot ourselves in the foot by doing anything that would get in the way of real progress. I have a great deal of respect for our Beekeepers and those researchers that are making a positive effort to help and learn more about our bees.Beekeeping has changed and will continue to change , we have to change with it and help others see the changes.This is not easy and it is very complex . We don't have all of the natural pollenators out there anymore. We have planted crops in very dense concentrations so the Honeybee is needed more now than ever before.We have more responsability in helping to put food on everyones table. We need hard facts and let loose of some of our egos so we can learn and change with the times.We have some very wonderful people on this list.Many of them have never posted a note.We do need to keep the info on the list , so we can all learn from each other. We do need fresh ideas and there are no stupid questions. God Bless the Bees and all of us. Best Regards Roy ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 17 Oct 1996 07:58:59 +1100 Reply-To: nickw@wave.co.nz Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology Comments: Authenticated sender is From: Nick Wallingford Organization: Nat Beekeepers Assn of NZ Subject: Re: Bee Schools > I am trying to update Beekeeper's Handbook, and need a list of current bee > schools here and abroad. These are courses taught to prepare beekeepers > for becoming commercial concerns, not one or two classes. I know Cardiff > used to have one, is it still in business? Anyone else? New Zealand Certificate in Apiculture A one year residential training programme in beekeeping is available at the Telford Rural Polytechnic. Trainees receive supervised experience under commercial conditions, as well as being involved in other agricultural and engineering activities. A bursary in support of the programme is provided each year by the beekeeping industry trust funds. The Certificate in Apiculture is also available to a selected number of overseas students. Correspondence Course A two year self-study programme, leading to the New Zealand Certificate in Apiculture, is also offered by Telford Rural Polytechnic. The course consists of a series of written, self-contained modules and several short courses held in different venues around the country. Contact: Nick McKenzie Telford Rural Polytechnic Private Bag BALCLUTHA ph +64 3 4181550 fax +64 3 4183584 I know they have an email addr, but can't find it just now. (\ Nick Wallingford {|||8- home nickw@wave.co.nz (/ work nw1@boppoly.ac.nz NZ Beekeeping http://www.wave.co.nz/pages/nickw/nzbkpg.htm ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 16 Oct 1996 15:06:07 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: WILLIAM G LORD Subject: mixing grease patties Since I posted a piece on problems with mixing liquid oil and sugar I thought I would add a bit more from more recent experience. I ordered wintergreen oil to mix in patties and to mix the wintergreen oil with the shortening (solidified vegetable oil) I heated the shortening to the liquid phase. I had purchased a plaster or sheetrock mud mixing paddle and attached it to a half inch drill. The plaster mixing paddle mixed the liquid shortening/oil/sugar mixture extremely well. I highly recommend this method of mixing, as it is efficient, can be performed outside in a 5 gallon bucket, and it is quick. Bill Lord -- WILLIAM G LORD E-Mail : wglord@franklin Internet: wglord@franklin.ces.ncsu.edu Phone : 9194963344 ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 16 Oct 1996 16:10:56 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: David Eyre Subject: Re: Buckfast Doug McCulloch wrote >I was interested in trying some buckfast queens this past year but learned >that just because the queen is resistant to the tracheal mite says nothing >for varroa, and that there is a good possibility of purchasing it with the >queen. >Correct me if I'm wrong, David. >>I wrote recently regarding Ontario Buckfast breeders, and got swamped for my >>trouble!! >> To all the folks who wrote asking for information, I just cannot >>write to you all individually to give you the info and answer all the >>questions, if would take forever. So I am sending this to the whole list. If Yes you are correct, this is why some of our Provincial borders are closed to importation of bees. But any breeder worth his salt would be careful to ensure it doesn't happen. We are fortunate, our bees passsed the mite inspection again this year. As Varroa is about 20 miles away we are 'hoping' to be clean next year as well!!! **************************************************** * David Eyre 9 Progress Drive, Unit 2, * * The Beeworks, Orillia, Ontario, L3V 6H1. * * beeworks@muskoka.net 705-326-7171 * * http://www.muskoka.net/~beeworks * * Agents for: E H Thorne & B J Sherriff UK. * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 16 Oct 1996 14:11:10 +0100 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "R. C. van Ouwerkerk" Organization: Planet Internet Subject: Re: Immune reactions Ted Fischer wrote: > > REGARDING RE>Immune reactions > > Chris Allen wrote (10/14/96): > >Is "Epipen" a trade name? This stuff may be known by different names in > other parts of the world. > Please let us known its full generic name so that we can talk to our local > doctors and chemists any where in the world.< > > Epipen is an American trade name for an epinephrine solution included with a > self-injector, specifically for systemic allergic reactions (anaphylacsis). I > do not know the strength of the solution nor the amount in a single dosage, > but the above description should be adequate for international physicians to > recognize and prescribe the regional counterpart. > > Ted Fischer Be it known to all of you who are not from the United States of America that Epinephrine is called Adrenaline outside the Americas, perhaps the name is even restricted to North America. Any hospital doctor will use adrenaline = epinephrine against anaphylactic shock. The use of adrenaline is not without risk, although the risks involved in anaphylaxis are bigger. The Epipen is an automatic injection system that is fairly safe in the hands of a layman as long as he adheres to the instructions. You be stupid and it might kill you, but there is no alternative: anaphylactic shock may also kill you. I do not know if it is marketed under other brandnames in other countries. -- Richard C.van Ouwerkerk, arts richardc@pi.net anesthesioloog tel/fax +31 20 6953246 Geerdinkhof 529 PE1KFM 1103 RH AMSTERDAM ZUIDOOST The Netherlands Yea, from the table of my memory I'll wipe away all trivial fond records. Hamlet (Act I, Sc. 5, Line 98) ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 16 Oct 1996 19:44:52 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: David Eyre Subject: Re: Beekeeping Merit Badge - Reinstatement Homepage > I wish to apologize to all non-US Bee-l'ers for all these posts, I > hate to get junk mail too. > > I have started a homepage to organize the Boy Scouts of America > Beekeeping Merit Badge reinstatement effort. > > The address is: http://www.webspan.net/~beluch Good on you Mike, go to it and the best of luck in your efforts. **************************************************** * David Eyre 9 Progress Drive, Unit 2, * * The Beeworks, Orillia, Ontario, L3V 6H1. * * beeworks@muskoka.net 705-326-7171 * * http://www.muskoka.net/~beeworks * * Agents for: E H Thorne & B J Sherriff UK. * **************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 16 Oct 1996 22:33:09 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Scott Camazine Subject: Computer Simulation of Bees I have been involved in projects simulating the behavior of honey bee colonies based upon the individual behavior of worker bees. I have collaborated on several projects with mathematicians and mathematical biologists. Topics include modeling of swarm thermoregulation, nectar foraging, and pattern formation on the combs. I would be glad to discuss this work with you further. You can also access some information at our web site: http://www.ento.psu.edu Scott Camazine Assistant Professor Penn State University Department of Entomology 501 ASI Building University Park, PA 16802 smc14@psu.edu _______________________________________________________________________________ From: Discussion of Bee Biology on Mon, Oct 14, 1996 1:31 PM Subject: Computer Simulation of Bees To: Multiple recipients of list BEE-L I am currently starting a PhD project in simulating the social behaviour of bees on a computer. In order to create such a computer model, I will require acurate data on the behaviour of bees. I am particularly interested in any information available relating to the behaviour of individual bees inside the hive and their interaction with one another. Does anyone subscribing to this list have access to such information or know where I might get it from? I would also like to hear from anyone else involved in simulation or mathematical modeling of bee hives. David Sumpter, Maths Dept, UMIST, Manchester ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 17 Oct 1996 00:05:45 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Dave Green, Eastern Pollinator Newsletter" Subject: Making jelly with honey? Dear Bee Folks: We've just come into a bonanza of apples, fresh from the north country. QueenBJan has favored me with some wonderful apple cobbler, sweetened with honey. I'm going to make a batch of applesauce, again with honey, and I feel confident that this will be excellent. But I want to make some apple jelly with honey; this I have never tried, and I wonder if there are any jelly-making pro's out there, who could give me any advice or caveats? Pollinator@aol.com Dave Green, PO Box 1200, Hemingway, SC 29554 (Dave & Jan's Pollination Service, Pot o'Gold Honey Co.) Practical Pollination Home Page Dave & Janice Green http://users.aol.com/pollinator/polpage1.html ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 16 Oct 1996 21:07:49 -0800 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jerry Fries Subject: Re: Virus and Varroa This will certainly give us something wrthwhile to discuss. We often put the cart before the horse. why worry about the honey if the bees are dead? Worrying about the mite may be over emphasized ( the key here is may be ) we need to open our minds to more possibilities. The idea that the mites may be carrying a virus will stimulate a lot of thinking thank you. Jerry Fries ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 17 Oct 1996 15:29:28 +1000 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Bruce Laidlaw Subject: Re: Bee Schools At 7:58 AM 17/10/96 +1100, Nick Wallingford wrote: >> I am trying to update Beekeeper's Handbook, and need a list of current bee >> schools here and abroad. These are courses taught to prepare beekeepers >> for becoming commercial concerns, not one or two classes. I know Cardiff >> used to have one, is it still in business? Anyone else? TAFE NSW (Technical and Further Education, New South Wales) offers a 54 hr flexibly delivered external course through its external college, OTEN. http://www.opennet.net.au/partners/oten/ At the moment OTEN is only offering its computer courses via the internet. It may offer further courses via the internet later. Course: Beekeeping "This course is for people who want to learn how to look after bees to produce honey. The course teaches you how to set up beehives, find a site and manage hives. You learn about hive layout, swarming, honey and pollen flowers, honey production and marketing. When you finish the course you may find work as an apiarist." Entry Requirements: There are no formal educational requirements for this course. Qualification: College Statement. ------------------------------------------------- \ Bruce Laidlaw / \ Head Teacher / \ Foundation Studies / \ East Sydney College of TAFE / \ (Technical & Further Education) / \ Darlinghurst / \ New South Wales / \ Australia 2010 / \ +61-2-9569-2854 (h) 9339-8648 (w) / \ http://pip.com.au/~abestuds/ / ================================================ (\ /) {|||8- Beekeeper -8|||} (/ \) ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 16 Oct 1996 21:22:40 -0800 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jerry Fries Subject: Re: Brood Rearing and Apistan I have not noticed a difference in brood rearing in the presence of apistan one way or the other. It is an interesting question however because in Alaska our season is so short we cannot afford any mistakes,one or two weeks is the difference between a good year and a bad one. Our bees are shiped in from California in 4 pound boxes some ship in 3 pound. The supplier ships an apistan strip in the box and we recieve an inspection certification. I asked what we should do with the apistan strip and they said put it in the hive but when we go up with the next super take it out. Because you asked I dont know it we would be better with it or without it. Jerry Fries ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 17 Oct 1996 09:15:19 +0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: George_Willy Subject: Re: Mad BeeMan Memo Andy: Great story. Have taken your permission and copied for our newly formed bee group called the Borderling Beekeepers Assoc. They will enjoy it. It is my thinking that there ought to be more people like you and fewer politicians. Congradulations and consider me your friend. George ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 17 Oct 1996 13:11:05 GMT Reply-To: Tim_Sterrett@westtown.edu Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Tim Sterrett Organization: Westtown School Subject: Re: Making jelly with honey But I want to make some apple jelly with honey; this I have never tried, and I wonder if there are any jelly-making pro's out there, who could give me any advice or caveats? We tried this many tears ago and found that the honey gives the jelly a new taste. I advise making a small batch first and tasting the result. I do not like honey-flavored jelly. Tim Tim Sterrett Westtown, (Southeastern) Pennsylvania, USA tim_sterrett@westtown.edu ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 17 Oct 1996 07:32:28 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Adony Melathopoulos Subject: Re: Brood Rearing and Apistan In-Reply-To: There was a question regarding the effect of Apistan on brood rearing. Lynn Bernie, a masters student from Simon Fraser University, tested the sub-lethal effects of the recommended doses of Apistan and Formic Acid on colonies started from packages in the spring. Among the parameters she studied, there were no differences in the brood area of Apistan colonies and colonies not recieving any treatment. Cheers, Adony ######################################## *** Adony Melathopoulos **************** ***** Center for Pest Management ******* ******** Simon Fraser University ******* *********** Burnaby, British Coumbia *** ************** CANADA ****************** ######################################## 'If men had wings and bore black feathers, few of them would be clever enough to be crows' - Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, mid-1800's e-mail : melathop@sfu.ca tel : (604) 291-4163 ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 17 Oct 1996 10:37:48 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Dave Green, Eastern Pollinator Newsletter" Subject: Re: Brood Rearing and Apistan In a message dated 96-10-15 13:23:24 EDT, Matthew_Ter_Molen@development.uchicago.edu (Matthew Ter Molen) writes: << When revising my hives a week ago and pulling the apistan strips I noticed that I had around a 1 or 2 frames of brood per hive but no eggs. However, when I went back yesterday to check they had around 3 to 4 frames of eggs plus frames of capped brood. Now, we've had nice weather recently and we haven't had a hard frost so there is still a lot of aster and goldenrod in bloom and the bees were bringing in a lot of pollen. However, I noticed the correlation last year in that when the strips were in place I saw brood production decrease and then, the minute the strips have been pulled, I see egg laying dramatically increase. Has anyone else experienced this? I don't think that it is weather related, even though there is an obvious decrease in brood production at this time of year because of the cold weather and coming winter. Thanks. Matt Ter Molen >> Hi Matt: There is no question that brood rearing is related to pollen intake, so this may be a factor. However, I did want to add another note. When our state inspectors were first checking for varroa, several years back, they insisted on placing two strips into our five-frame nucs, because the directions said two strips per colony. We disagreed with that interpretation, thinking it was ridiculous to use the same rate for a tiny colony. After three or four days, we saw dead brood in the area right around the strips. It was not a massive loss, and perhaps a little could be accounted by inability of bees to reach all the cells to care for the brood. But I also felt that there was some death due to toxicity, within a couple inches of the strips. I did not notice a reduction in egg laying. It was spring, and these young queens were "rarin' to go." Pollinator@aol.com Dave Green, PO Box 1200, Hemingway, SC 29554 (Dave & Jan's Pollination Service, Pot o'Gold Honey Co.) Practical Pollination Home Page Dave & Janice Green http://users.aol.com/pollinator/polpage1.html ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 17 Oct 1996 08:36:51 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Douglas Amos I have misplaced my information on how to remove my name from this mailing list. While enjoy most of the posts I don't have the time to read them all and they tend to fill my mailbox. Could some one let me know how to remove my name. Thanks dougl457@uidaho.edu ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 17 Oct 1996 11:50:29 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Nick Calderone Subject: Modeling bee behavior David Sumpter, Maths Dept, UMIST, Manchester I would be very interested to learn more about your bee modeling research project. Please get in touch. Nick Calderone Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Comstock Hall Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853 nwc4@cornell.edu (607) 254-7417 - PHONE (607) 255-0939 - FAX Nicholas W. Calderone Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Comstock Hall Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853 nwc4@cornell.edu (607) 254-7417 - Comstock Hall Office (607) 255-0939 - FAX ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 17 Oct 1996 16:05:44 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: David Eyre Subject: Re: Making jelly with honey? Dave Green wrote: > We've just come into a bonanza of apples, fresh from the north country. >QueenBJan has favored me with some wonderful apple cobbler, sweetened with >honey. I'm going to make a batch of applesauce, again with honey, and I feel >confident that this will be excellent. > > But I want to make some apple jelly with honey; this I have never tried, >and I wonder if there are any jelly-making pro's out there, who could give me >any advice or caveats? I make apple jelly on a regular basis, but don't use honey, in fact I make orange, lemon and mint jelly. These are made the same way but add 1/3 Oranges or Lemons or a big bunch of mint. When you make the jelly, you have to boil it for so long, you will lose all the goodness and flavour of the honey anyway. Plus honey will froth like crazy and cloud the jelly. One of the very few occasions when sugar is better :-(( This is just my opinion I am open to any other suggestions. Regards Jean..... ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 17 Oct 1996 17:26:15 +0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: George_Willy Subject: Re: Sign off Bee-l >I have misplaced my information on how to remove my name from this mailing >list. While enjoy most of the posts I don't have the time to read them all >and they tend to fill my mailbox. Could some one let me know how to remove >my name. Thanks >dougl457@uidaho.edu You may leave the list at any time by sending a "SIGNOFF BEE-L" command to LISTSERV@CNSIBM.ALBANY.EDU (or LISTSERV@ALBNYVM1.BITNET). ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 17 Oct 1996 19:00:48 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: ICCI Subject: Beeswax-Apis Dorsata I am a new member to BEE-L. Could any body help me. a. I know APIS DORSATA bees are in India. Are there any countries that have the same kind of bees. b. "BEESWAX Production, Harvesting, Processing and Products" by Mr.William L. Coggshall and Roger A. Morse talks (Section: Grading and Economics, Page: 54) about APIS DORSATA beeswax being used for foundation for APIS MELLIFERA. Does anybody know more about this? C. Does beeswax from APIS DORSATA used in USA for any prupose. The above information is very important for me and any help in this matter is greatly appreciated. I look forward to contribute my best for BEE-L list service in future. Rao Vadlamudi 35291, Drakeshire Place Farmington, MI 48335,USA Email: rao@voyager.net Phone: 1-810-474-1861 ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 18 Oct 1996 09:37:22 +1100 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Chris Allen Subject: Re: Beeswax-Apis Dorsata At 07:00 PM 17/10/96 -0400, you wrote: >a. I know APIS DORSATA bees are in India. Are there any countries that have >the same kind of bees. I believe Apis Dorsata is common through out tropical Asia. I have seen colonies in Sri Lanka (when I was a kid) and have heard of colonies in Thailand. It is also found in Indonesia. You may know how Varroa has jumped species from its natural host (Apis Cerana). In Indonesia, a similar event has occurred with another mite jumping acrross from Apis Dorsata. The name (spelling of) of this mite escapes me at present but I do know that it makes Varroa look cute and cuddly. Regards Chris Allen ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 18 Oct 1996 10:23:16 +0800 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Pure Jane Subject: Re: Making jelly with honey? In-Reply-To: <199610172014.QAA20309@segwun.muskoka.net> Dear Sir, I've tried to keep fresh royal jelly in honey and the effects are wonderful! I think this is for the character of honey in killing the bacterias. The ways are very easy,you just put some honey in the royal jelly and mix then thoroughly. By the way ,royal jelly is also a bee products taht even have more powerful effections in adjusting people's health. It is the food for the bee queen. At the same time , I'm eager to know the output of honey in the world, but I failed to find a database containing the information. Should you help me? You are sincerely appreciated! The more in detailed, the better. And also the quality of the honey of the main export countries are needed. I have to get a comparison among them. Thank you for your message! Pure Jane E-mail:hyacpure@public.wh.hb.cn Tel:+86-27-7393195 Fax:+86-27-7396051 ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 18 Oct 1996 10:54:52 +0800 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Pure Jane Subject: output of honey My friend, I have in need of the information about the output of honey of various countries in the would. The more in detailed the better. If you have the message,please mail it to me, that's highly appreciated! Also you may point the way to find the data,i.e.,which database shall look up and how. I am very glad to supply any messages that useful to you. Pure Jane of China ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 17 Oct 1996 17:14:40 -1000 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Thomas W. Culliney -- Dept. of Agriculture" Subject: Re: Beeswax-Apis Dorsata In-Reply-To: <9610172237.AA57274@msp.masterpack.com.au> Apis dorsata has been recorded from the following countries: China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and the Indochina region. Tom Culliney Hawaii Dept. of Agriculture culliney@elele.peacesat.hawaii.edu ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 18 Oct 1996 19:24:56 +1100 Reply-To: nickw@wave.co.nz Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology Comments: Authenticated sender is From: Nick Wallingford Organization: Nat Beekeepers Assn of NZ Subject: Re: output of honey Try: http://apps.fao.org/lim500/Agri_db.pl and I think you'll perhaps find the stats you're interested in... If you want New Zealand only, try our Profile document from the reference in my signature file! (\ Nick Wallingford {|||8- home nickw@wave.co.nz (/ work nw1@boppoly.ac.nz NZ Beekeeping http://www.wave.co.nz/pages/nickw/nzbkpg.htm ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 18 Oct 1996 02:27:41 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: MIDNITEBEE Subject: Web Page I have created a web page at Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "MORGAN, ANTHONY" Subject: Re: Herbs in Honey. Was: Making jelly with honey? Hei! David Eyre, Dave Green and others have written about the use of honey in jelly making. David mentioned mint jelly; many people use either mint jelly or mint in vinegar when eating roast lamb - we have found that fresh herbs (not just mint) keep exceedingly well if they are hacked up into small bits and then stored in honey. Very little honey is necessary and the result can be used direct from the jar as an alternative to jelly or the vinegar preserved herb. Even after many months the herb still tastes fresh! Try honey preserved herbs with meat, on cooked potatoes, in salad dressings etc.etc.(use some imagination in the choice of herbs and their use) - you'll love them! cheers, Tony ------------------------------------------------------------ Anthony N. Morgan (Tony) Fax: +47 73 89 62 86 "Stavshagen" E-mail: anthony@iet.hist.no Midtsandan Sor-Trondelag College 7563 MALVIK Elec. Eng. Department Norway 7005 TRONDHEIM, Norway ------------------------------------------------------------ ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 18 Oct 1996 09:33:12 +0100 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Dave Black Subject: Re: Web Page In-Reply-To: <199610180627.CAA06785@hitchhike.cybertours.com> In message <199610180627.CAA06785@hitchhike.cybertours.com>, MIDNITEBEE writes >I have created a web page You have haven't you! And a very good-looking one too. I shall link you up as soon as I can. I wish I had your graphic strength. Can I suggest you include the Canadians Page and Apiservices, but I wouldn't put in too many, you can get them all over and you don't want the maintenance overhead. Well done. -- Dave Black Blacks Bee Gardens, http://www.guildford.ac.uk/beehive Guildford, GU1 4RN. UK. ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 18 Oct 1996 08:34:41 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Kelley Rosenlund Subject: afb & efb pix Does anyone know where I can get some pictures (preferably in print) of what the infected pupa would look like under the microscope? I understand the ?spores? of the two diseases look quite different. Many thanks... God Bless, Kelley Rosenlund rosenlk@freenet.ufl.edu Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A., Phone:352-378-7510 200 hives, 1 year in beekeeping. ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 18 Oct 1996 17:49:35 +0300 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Vladimir Obolonkin Subject: Cookery with honey... Re: Herbs in Honey. Was: Making jelly with honey? As about cookery with honey - ancient russians were a judge of it. Not very ancient too. Last one recommended: in all sweet dishes and drinks you can replace a half of sugar with equal mass of honey. I've tasted raspbery jam - absolutely delicious Cheers Vlad --------------------------------------------- Dr.Obolonkin International Sakharov Institute on Radioecology, Dolgobrodskaya, 23 220009, Minsk, Belarus e-mail: ooo@gray.isir.minsk.by (pers.) root@gray.isir.minsk.by (ISIR) tel./fax: (+375 172) 306 888 tel 307 372 ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 18 Oct 1996 10:50:01 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Aaron Morris Subject: Yet another mite!?!? Discussion on APIS-L has mentioned another scourge on the horizon. > > I think the name that Chris Allen is looking for is Tropilaelaps > clareae. It is commonly called the Asian mite and, from conversations > I have had with people in the know, is certainly a bigger pest than > varroa on Apis mellifera. > This is news to me. Anyone have any details, such as what this mite looks like, what is it's method of attack, where has it migrated to from Asia, when can I expect it to show up in my back yard, and what will I do if/when it shows up? Is anything being done to thwart its migration? CAN anything be done to thwart its migration? Just when I was getting comfortable with T-V-Mites! What's next, bee eating locusts? Aaron Morris - thinking someone has it in for Apis m. ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 18 Oct 1996 11:06:46 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Markus Huurman Subject: Re: sci.agriculture.beekeeping faq Comments: To: Adam Finkelstein , adamf@vtaix.cc.vt.edu Date sent: Sat, 5 Oct 1996 16:15:32 +22324924 Send reply to: adamf@vtaix.cc.vt.edu From: Adam Finkelstein Subject: sci.agriculture.beekeeping faq To: Multiple recipients of list BEE-L Hello, I'm planning on updating the faq. Feel free to mail me text contributions, suggestions, gripes, advertisements, urls, etc. I plan on linking the new faq with a web page and will maintain a resource there for commercial beekeeping, although separate from the main faq. If you are interested in being included, or have updates from a year ago, please let me know Please put the word in the subject of your reply mail. Or just reply to this mail, as I've set the reply-to header. thanks, Adam -- _________________ Adam Finkelstein adamf@vtaix.cc.vt.edu Dear Mr Finkelstein, If a commercial beekeeping resource would be made I would be interested to have "supply and demand" part integrated. The company I work for is namely continuously interested in receiving offers for (frozen) pollen. More details can be supplied in due time. Best regards, Markus Huurman purchasing manager m.huurman@koppert.nl | ___ _ _ _ _ _ ___ KOPPERT B.V. |/__/ / \ |_) |_) |_ |_) | Berkel en Rodenrijs |\__\ \_/ | | |_ | \ | The Netherlands (EU) Telephone: +31-10-5140444 B I O L O G I C A L S Y S T E M S Telefax: +31-10-5117947 ==========END OF FILE============================================ ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 18 Oct 1996 12:23:54 -0300 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Stan Sandler Subject: Re: afb & efb pix >Does anyone know where I can get some pictures (preferably in print) of what >the infected pupa would look like under the microscope? I understand the >?spores? of the two diseases look quite different. > >Many thanks... > >God Bless, >Kelley Rosenlund rosenlk@freenet.ufl.edu >Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A., Phone:352-378-7510 >200 hives, 1 year in beekeeping. Hi Kelley: The book, the Hive and the Honeybee, has microscope pictures of both bacteria. It is a great book. By the way, I keep waiting for you to change your signature file. I know you haven't been on the list for a year yet, but it really draws my attention every time I see "200 hives, 1 year..." :) Regards Stan 200 hives, 20 years in beekeeping ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 18 Oct 1996 09:08:04 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Kerry Clark of AGF 784-2225 fax (604) 784 2299" Subject: Re: Yet another mite!?!? In-Reply-To: <961018.105012.EDT.SYSAM@cnsibm.albany.edu> The following brief discussion of Tropilaelaps is clipped from the 1996 revision of the CAPA (Canadian Association of Professional Apiculturists) publication: Honey Bee Diseases and Pests. 25 pages, 22 colour photos. The booklet covers bacterial and fungal diseases, viruses, protozoan diseases, parasitic mites, pests and predators, colony abnormalities and pesticide-pollinator interactions. It's available from Dr Cynthia Scott-Dupree Dept of Environmental Biology University of Guelph Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada Tel. 519 824 4120 ext 2477 Fax. 519 837 0442 email csdupree@evbhort.uoguelph.ca Cost $ 2.75 CDN or $ 2.50 US per copy (not including shipping) (income supports work of the association) PARASITIC MITES About 100 species of mites have been found in honey bee colonies in various parts of the world. Of these, the three species of most concern to beekeepers in Canada are: Varroa jacobsoni, Acarapis woodi and Tropilaelaps clareae. Varroa rinderi, Varroa underwoodi and Tropilaelaps koenigerum are not well known, and are still restricted to their native environments, but are likely similar to the species in the same genus. (Snip) Tropilaelaps clareae is a brood parasite of the giant or rock honey bee Apis dorsata in southeast Asia. This mite also infests colonies of A. mellifera and A. cerana, and has been found in many Asian countries including Afghanistan, China and the Philippines. It has not yet been detected in North America. Tropilaelaps mites are about half the size of female Varroa mites, somewhat rectangular to oval in shape, and light brown in colour. Detection techniques are similar to those described for varroa. Life Cycle The life cycle of this Asian mite is similar to that of Varroa, but a detailed description has yet to be published. In tropical areas, Tropilaelaps is at least as damaging as varroa to colonies of A. mellifera. Preliminary observations indicate that unlike varroa, it feeds on brood but not on adult bees. It is not expected to become as serious a pest to A. mellifera colonies in areas with a nearly broodless winter period. MITE CONTROLS (snip) (no specific reference to Tropilaelaps) ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 18 Oct 1996 14:11:04 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Ted Fischer Subject: E>Web page REGARDING E>Web page Congratulations on a very good looking and instructive web page. I particularly like the layout of the screens - very uncluttered and attractive. Ted Fischer ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 18 Oct 1996 10:27:43 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: mail Message: Timber Press has just published THE NATURAL HISTORY OF POLLINATION, by Michael Proctor, Peter Yeo, and Andrew Lack. ISBN 0-88192-352-4 hardback 0-88192-353-2 paper For more information, or to order the book, call Timber Press at 1-800-327-5680. To peruse Timber's horticulture titles: http://www.timber-press.com/ * * * e-mail: publicity@timber-press.com ---------------------------------------- Timber Press, Inc. http://www.timber-press.com 133 S.W. Second Ave., Suite 450 800-327-5680/503-227-2878 Portland, Oregon 97204-3527 U.S.A. fax 503-227-3070 ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 18 Oct 1996 17:30:17 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Ted Fischer Subject: Feeder bags really work! REGARDING Feeder bags really work! Many new beekeepers often write in to express how much help the BEE-L is to them; I thought I'd add a testimonial from an old-timer. I followed the discussion earlier on the use of zip-lock plastic bags as syrup feeders, initially with much skepticism, because I'd had several catastrophes over the years with feeders leaking and drowning out a colony. "Baggies" seemed perfectly suited to do the same thing. But with so many delighted with them, I thought I'd give them a try too. I am now a new convert to this method of feeding - it's the greatest! The things actually hold syrup, even with a slit on the top! They allow the most rapid taking of syrup I've ever seen. I filled gallon bags a bit over half full, and they were cleaned out in a day. And they sure are cheap, compared with feeder pails (whose rims tend to break for me, especially in the cold). Even using them at the rate of one a day, they are much more economical than pails. So far, I can't find anything to complain about (Oh, yes. Don't lean them against the corner of your hive-top brick.) Give them a try, everyone. Ted Fischer ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 18 Oct 1996 17:45:42 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Ted Fischer Subject: A better fall than last yea REGARDING A better fall than last year. I just got back from removing all the Apistan strips I put in near the end of August. It was a beautiful week in Michigan, and the bees were having as much fun as I was. This year I got the Apistan in early and carefully followed the label directions, putting in two strips per hive body, and leaving them in for almost two months. I was very pleased to find every single colony (78) at full strength, packed with honey, brood and bees. Last year at this time I had already lost a third of my bees, with most of the rest obviously going downhill. My overall losses last year were 75%. Now I'm optomistic about the future - we can lick the mite menace. We have Apistan now, maybe it can be supplemented with essential oils, giving the industry time to develop lines with natural resistance. And who knows, we should be ready to face even Tropilaelops (sp?) when (if) it comes. Ted Fischer ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 19 Oct 1996 00:51:57 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Richard Chapin Subject: Feeder Bags >Many new beekeepers often write in to express how much help the BEE-L is to >them; I thought I'd add a testimonial from an old-timer. I followed the >discussion earlier on the use of zip-lock plastic bags as syrup feeders, >initially with much skepticism, because I'd had several catastrophes over the >years with feeders leaking and drowning out a colony. "Baggies" seemed >perfectly suited to do the same thing. But with so many delighted with them, >I thought I'd give them a try too. I am now a new convert to this method of >feeding - it's the greatest! The things actually hold syrup, even with a slit >on the top! They allow the most rapid taking of syrup I've ever seen. I >filled gallon bags a bit over half full, and they were cleaned out in a day. >And they sure are cheap, compared with feeder pails (whose rims tend to break >for me, especially in the cold). Even using them at the rate of one a day, >they are much more economical than pails. So far, I can't find anything to >complain about (Oh, yes. Don't lean them against the corner of your hive-top >brick.) Give them a try, everyone. > >Ted Fischer To all, I agree with "old-timer" Ted. I'm a seven-year new-timer. Last year I wrote to this list about having a problem with the plastic bags and many drowned bees. This year I decided to try again after hearing about so many satisfied bees and keepers. For the sake of first time users, my problem last year was the result of using bags that were too large (2 gal.), and cutting the slits in the top too long. The 1 gal. bags are better, filled up to 3/4 full. They're easy to install and remove, and are taken down faster than inverted mayonaise jars; though the girls don't like to give the empty sticky bag up ;-) Also, a razor blade is much better than trying to use a pocket knife. David Eyre's DE hive top is perfect for this type of feeding, as well as having been very efficient for summer ventilation. I can't prove the correlation, but I had less hanging out on the porch this summer and my six colonies are well populated. I'm not adopting his square shaped hive with the sensible and propolis-free way to hang frames, nor the reorientation of entrance (though I might have if just starting) -- just the ventilated top. Dick Chapin+ (\ {|||8- (/ ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 19 Oct 1996 03:16:58 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Richard Blohm Subject: Re: Beeswax-Apis Dorsata In a message dated 96-10-17 19:05:38 EDT, you write: << C. Does beeswax from APIS DORSATA used in USA for any prupose. >> To answer this question I think you should contact the foremost international beeswax dealer in the world, there name & address is; Koster Keunnen, Inc. Bourne Boulavard Sayville, NY 11782 USA 516 589-0400 Fax 516 589-1232 I checked with them and they do not have an E-Mail address, you'll have to use snail mail I guess. Also you might check with the A.I.Root Co. for an answer, they have a web site "www.airoot.com". Good Luck Rich Blohm, LI NY ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 19 Oct 1996 01:15:00 GMT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Andy Nachbaur Organization: WILD BEE'S BBS (209) 826-8107 LOS BANOS, CA Subject: Tropilaclaps; Yet another mite!?!? AM>From: Aaron Morris >Date: Fri, 18 Oct 1996 10:50:01 EDT >Subject: Yet another mite!?!? AM>Discussion on APIS-L has mentioned another scourge on the horizon. >This is news to me. Anyone have any details, such as what this mite For drawings and information try: http://alpha.sggw.waw.pl/~woyke/ Some of the information you will find at this site in Poland: Adult Tropilaelaps clareae males can feed and survive for two weeks J. Woyke1*, S. Chen2 * 1 Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiang Shan, Beijing, China; Present address: Bee Division, Agricultural University - SGGW, 166 Nowoursynowska, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland. 2 Institute of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China. .SUMMARY The distal part of the chelicerae of the mouthparts of the adult Tropilaelaps clareae male is modified into a long, sinuous spermatodactyl. Therefore it is described, that adult T. clareae male can not feed. Adult T. clareae males were collected from comb cells with emerging Apis mellifera workers. The male mites were released in an incubator on different substrates. No one male survived 2 days, after the mites were released into empty test tubes or on bee larvae 4 days old. However, 29 - 50% of them were still alive the 6th day after the males were released on bee pupae. Some males survived 13 days. This seems to indicate that adult T. clareae males can feed. The different surviving on various developmental stages of honeybee may be explained by different ectohormons present on the epidermis of honeybee larvae and pupae. Keywords: Tropilaelaps clareae, survival of mites, males of T. clareae INTRODUCTION Tropilaelaps clareae is more dangerous parasitic mite of Apis mellifera, than Varroa jcobsonii is (Woyke 1984). Therefore it is important to know its biology. Woyke (1984, 1985) found, that T. clareae can survive on adult A. mellifera honeybees for 2 days only. On this basis control method without the use of any drugs was elaborated. Koeniger and Muzaffar (1988) reported that T. clareae mites survived on adult workers of three Apis species also for only 25 to 57 hrs. T. clareae females lay the first eggs 48 - 52 hrs after cell sealing (Woyke 1989, Wei 1992). The average development time of the mites is 4.8 days (Wei 1989) or 4.4 days (Chen and Li 1993). As a result first adult T. clareae males appear on A. mellifera brood 15 - 17 days after bee egg was laid, (Ritter and Ritter 1988). Thus, they have to survive in worker brood cells for at least 5 days, and in drone cells 3 days longer. The males emerge from the cells together with the bees and are found on comb surface in ratio 1.0 : 1.8 (Woyke 1989). They survive in bee colony without brood for two days (Woyke 1985). However, in colonies with brood they can survive up to 5 days after emerging from the cells (Rath at al 1991). This would mean, that some mites are able to survive for 10 days, after reaching the imago stage. How it can occure is not known. The males mate with the females inside sealed brood cells, as well as outside (Woyke 1994). Therefore, it is important to know, how long the males can survive outside sealed brood cells on different development stages of honeybee. The females enter new brood cells within 2 days after emerging from the previous one (Woyke 1987a). T. clareae males do not enter brood cells to be sealed. According to Griffiths (1988) female chelicerae function as a pair of formidable piercing, grasping structures. Therefore it seems strange, that adult T. clareae females can not survive on honeybee larvae 3 days old, although they can feed and survive for 4 weeks on bee larvae 4 days old (Woyke 1993). The distal part of the chelicerae of adult male, the movable chela is modified into a long, sinuous spermatodactyl (Delfinado and Baker 1961, Kitprasert 1984). Consequently, it is described (Akratanakul 1987) and accepted (J~druszuk 1992), that adult T. clareae male can not feed. It is very important to know whether adult T. clareae males can feed and survive on open bee brood. If they could, open bee brood could be damaged. Furthermore, the sex ratio of mites moving freely on comb surface may be the result of different ability to feed and survive on open bee brood and not the reflection of sex ratio in the offspring. It is not known, whether adult T. clareae males are eliminated from bee colonies because they are unable to feed, or for some other reasons. Therefore it was investigated whether T. clareae males can survive for several days without feeding, or on which developmental stage of honeybee they can survive. To study the biology in vitro also requires to know whether, or on which developmental stage of honeybee T. clareae male can survive. MATERIAL AND METHODS The investigations were conducted independently by both authors. Woyke conducted the investigations in the Institute of Apicultural Research of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Beijing in July and August 1992. Chen, in the Institute of Animal and Veterinary Sciences of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences from August to December 1992. Woyke collected adult T. clareae mites from comb cells with A. mellifera ligustica workers emerging in his presence. When more mites were needed, sealings were removed from comb cells with workers ready to emerge. Catching mites with wet brush was avoided. Instead, forceps with thin points were used. The points were placed near both sides of a running mite. As a result the mite entered on one point. Next, that point was approached to the inside wall of an empty glass test tube, where the mite descended. The mites were sexed upon the shape of the epigynial plate. The male mites were released on the following substrates: 1. Empty glass tubes (0.8 x 4 cm) without food; 2. Small Petri dishes (diameter 6 cm) with small piece of brood comb (2 x 2 cm) with 5-6 larvae 4 days old. The combs were cut along the foundation, so that larvae were present on one side of the combs only. The length of the cells was shortened. In a pilot experiment a trial was made to feed the larvae with mixed food. However, this was not necessary, since all larvae were alive the next day without feeding. Together 25 dishes with 2 males in each were investigated. 3. Eighteen males were released into 18 individual glass test tubes (0.8 x 4 cm) containing bee pupae with white-pink eyes. Nine males were released June 24 (series 1) and the other nine one week later (series 2). When some bee pupae showed some development irregularities, they were exchanged for new ones of similar age. Bee pupae were not parasitized by T. clareae before being used in this experiment. Individual records of male survival were conducted each day. Petri dishes and test tubes were kept in an incubator at 34oC. Daily measurements showed outside air temperature around 30oC and humidity 90 - 100%. The humidity in the vessels in incubator must have been a little lower. Chen investigated survival of adult T. clareae males on A. m. ligustica honeybee pupae. The males originated from another experiment concerning reproduction and development time of T. clareae. When the young worker bee in a glass tube was ready to emerge, T. clareae males, reared in the laboratory, were transferred onto worker pupae with pink eyes in glass tubes 0.6 cm in diameter and 3 cm long. The tubes were sealed with a sheet of wax foundation. Two small holes were made in each wax lid. The tubes were located in an incubator at 34oC with a dish with water at the bottom. The humidity in the incubator was 70 - 74%. The survival of males was inspected daily. The rearing of the mites in the previous experiment (where from the males originated) was conducted in the same conditions. RESULTS Table 1 shows, that no one T. clareae mite was alive the next day, after the males were released into empty test tubes. Out of 30 males released on larvae 4 days old, 2 only survived till the next day. None male survived after 48 h. Out of 18 males released by Woyke on bee pupae, all of them were alive the second day and 89% after 48 h. Without statistical calculation it is obvious, that during the two first days considerably more males survived on pupae than on larvae, or empty test tubes. Results presented in table 2 show, that out of 18 males reared by Woyke, 9 (50%) were still alive the 8th day. The binomial 95% confidence interval for 9 mites surviving out of 18 is 0.25 - 0.75. This means, that in a large number of similar experiments, the survival of 5 - 14 mites (18 x 0.25 = 4.5 to 18 x 0.75 = 13.5) can be expected till the 8th day . The 11th day, still 4 (22%) mites were alive. The binomial 95% confidence interval for 4 out of 18 indicates, that 1 - 8 males could be expected to survive till the 11th day. Two (11%) males survived till the 13th day. The binomial 95% confidence interval indicates, that in many repetitions survival of 0.2 - 6 males can be expected till the 13th day. Some mites may survive probably for even longer period. No alive male was found the 14th day of observation. Results obtained by Chen show, that out of 7 males 3 (43%) survived till the next day. The binomial 95% confidence interval shows, that survival of 1 (14%) to 5 (71%) males may be expected in many repetitions. Two males (29%) survived till the 6th day. The binomial 95% confidence interval indicates, that survival of 1 to 5 males may be expected till that day. The last male survived till the 7th day. The average survival was 2.7 days. The percentage survival till the 6th day and the binomial 95% confidence interval for data of Woyke are 50%; and 28% - 75% and of Chen are 29% and 14% - 71% respectively. Both results overlap each other, although origin of the males was very different. The survival rate of adult T. clareae males in Chen experiment was lower, than that in Woyke experiment. This was probably caused by different origin of the males. Chen showed in a parallel experiment on survival of females, that the maternal ones originating from a honeybee colony survived on bee pupae on the average for 30 days, while the new female generation reared in an incubator survived on the average for only 21 days. All the above results show, that adult T. clareae males can not survive for several days without feeding. They do not survive on bee larvae 4 days old either. However, the males are able to survive for several days on bee pupae. Some survived on the pupae up to 13 days after emerging from brood cells. DISCUSSION Increasing the number of T. clareae males released on bee pupae could change the mean survival, however it could not change at all the main conclusion, that adult T. clareae males can survive on bee pupae up to two weeks. This indicates, that some males are able to live up to 18 days after reaching the imago stage. Some males survived on bee pupae more than 10 times longer, than others in the same conditions without any food. This seems to indicate that adult T. clareae males are able to feed on bee pupae. Two possibilities may occur. Either the male can pierce somehow the epidermis, despite the chelae of the chelicerae are modified into spermatodactyls, or the male feeds on some liquids through the oral opening of the hypognathum. Interesting is the phenomenon, that the males did not survive on bee larvae beyond the 2nd day. The epidermis of bee larvae is softer than that of pupae, and the females can feed and survive on larvae 4 days old for 4 weeks. It is suggested, that the different survival results of the males may be caused by the different ectohormones present on the epidermis of both bee developmental stages (Koeniger and Veith, 1984; Trouiller et al, 1991; Nation et al, 1992). However, this was not supported by any data. Thus, the reaction for the same stimuli may be different in both sexes of T. clareae mites. It is not expected that T. clareae male would enter a comb cell with larva and survive till the prepupa or pupa stage. However, in infested colonies, bee workers open many cells with pupae infested by mites. In these circumstances adult T. clareae males could feed and survive for several days after emerging from brood cells. The results explain, that some adult T. clareae males are eliminated from bee colonies with open brood within 2 days not because they are not able to survive longer, but because they do not find bee pupae on which they could survive for several days. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The first author would like to thank very much prof. Jin Zhen-Ming the director of the Institute of Apicultural Research of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Beijing for providing the facilities to conduct the investigations, prof. Huang Shuang-Xiu, the vice-director of that institute for her inestimable help in every respect, and Mr Zhang Yao-Gang for the technical assistance. He would like to thank also the United Nation Development Program in China, Senior Technical Advisers Recruitment (STAR) for the financial support, which was obtained through China International Center for Economic & Technical Exchanges (CICETE). REFERENCES Akratanakul, P (1987) Honeybee diseases and enemies in Asia: a practical guide. FAO Agricultural Service Bulletin 68/5, Rome; 51 pp. Delfinado, M D; Baker, E W (1961) Tropilaelaps, a new genus of mite from the Philippines (Laelaptidae [s.lat.]: Acarina). Fieldiana. Zoology 44(7): 53-58 Chen, S; Li, L (1993) Development of Tropilaelaps clareae. 33 Intern Congr Apimondia, Beijing: Griffiths, D A (1988) Functional morphology of the mouthparts of Varroa jacobsoni and Tropilaelaps clareae as a basis for the interpretation of their life-styles. In Needham, G R; Page R E Jr; Delfinado-Baker, M; Bowman, C E (eds) Africanized Honey Bees and Bee Mites. Ellis Horwood Ltd, Chichester; pp 479-486 Jedruszuk, A (1992) [Bee diseases not present in Poland (Polish)]] Pszczelarstwo 43(11): 7-9 Kitprasert, C (1984) Biology and systematics of the parasitic bee mite. MS thesis; Kasetsart University, Thailand (Eng. summary) 70pp. Koeniger, N; Muzaffar, N (1988) Lifespan of the parasitic honeybee mite, Tropilaelaps clareae, on Apis cerana, dorsata, and mellifera. Journal of Apicultural Research 27(4): 207-212 Koeniger, N; Veith; H J (1984) Specifit t eines Brutpheromones und Bruterkennung bei der Honigbiene (Apis mellifera L.). Apidologie 15(2): 205-210 Nation, J L; Sanford, M T; Milne, K (1992) Cuticular hydrocarbons from Varroa jacobsoni. Experimental & Applied Acarology 16(4): 331-344 Rath, W, Delfinado-Baker, M; Drescher, W (1991) Observations of the mating behavior, sex ratio, phoresy and dispersal of Tropilaelaps clareae (Acari: Laelapidae). International Journal of Acarology 17(3): 201-208 Ritter, W; Schneider-Ritter, U (1988) Differences in biology and means of controling Varroa jacobsoni and Tropilaelaps clareae, two novel parasitc mites of Apis mellifera. In GR Needham, G R; Page R E Jr;Delfinado- Baker, M; Bowman, C E (eds) Africanized Honey Bees and Bee Mites. Ellis Horwood Ltd, Chichester;pp 387-395 Trouiller, J; Arnold, G; Le Conte, Y; Masson, C (1991) Temporal pheromonal and kairomonal secretion in the brood of honeybees. Naturwissenschaften 78: 368-370 Wei, H (1992) Study on generative characteristics of Tropilaelaps clareae Delfinado et Baker (Acari: Laelapidae). 19 International Congress of Entomology, Beijing: 675 Woyke, J (1984) Survival and prophylactic control of Tropilaelaps clareae infesting Apis mellifera colonies in Afghanistan. Apidologie 15(4): 421-434 Woyke, J (1985) Further investigation into control of the parasite bee mite Tropilaelaps clareae without medication. Journal of Apicultural Research 24(3): 250- 254 Woyke, J (1987a) Length of stay of the parasitic mite Tropilaelaps clareae outside sealed honeybee brood cells as a basis for its effective control. Journal of Apicultural Research 26(2): 104-109 Woyke, J (1987b) Comparative population dynnamics of Ttropilaelaps clareae and Varroa jacobsoni mites on honeybees Journal of Apicultural Research 26(3): 196- 202 Woyke, J (1989) Change in shape of Tropilaelaps clareae females and the onset of egg laying. Journal of Apicultural Research 28(4); 196-200 Woyke, J (1993) Tropilaelaps clareae females can survive for four weeks when given open bee brood of Apis mellifera. Journal of Apicultural Research 33(1):21-25 Woyke, J (1994) Mating behavior of the parasitic honeybee mite Tropilaelaps clareae. Experimental & Applied Acarology 18: 723-733 . TABLE 1. Survival of adult Tropilaelaps clareae males on different substrates. _________________________________________________ No % survived Substrate mites 24h 48h _________________________________________________ Empty test tubes 17 0.0 0.0 4 day old larvae 30 6.7 0.0 Pupae 18 100.0 88.9 TABLE 2. Survival of adult T. clareae males reared on honeybee pupae by Woyke and Chen. ______________________________________________________ Days Woyke Chen ______________________________________________________ No investigated 0 18 7 Percent survived 1 100 100 2 100 43 3 89 23 4 78 23 5 50 23 6 50 23 7 50 14 8 50 0 9 39 10 22 11 22 12 11 13 11 14 0 --- ~ QMPro 1.53 ~ http://alpha.sggw.waw.pl/~woyke/ ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 19 Oct 1996 07:32:01 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Joel Govostes Subject: Retail Honey Prices Just a note about honey prices in the local grocery chain stores (Central New York): A pound of honey (incl. Sue Bee, or other packers) is retailing at a whopping $2.30 or so. The more local product from regional packers is selling for slightly more in the same stores. This is remarkable! I've never seen any prices like these before. Guess I've been conditioned over the past several years to think 85 cents is a great price to get, wholesale. For fall or dark honey packers were paying only about 60-65 cents. No doubt this has changed for the better. Another thing- I have been to the large grocery stores many times when the honey shelf was pretty well depleted. Meaning I got there between shelf stocking rounds. It reminds me that LOTs of folks are indeed buying up honey, regularly. This is encouraging. Now if we could just reach many of them, so they know a quality local product is available, and is probably less expensive. (I'm not certain it should be less expensive after all)! ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 19 Oct 1996 09:35:34 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Trevor Weatherhead Subject: Apology for sending to wrong list I noticed on the last Bee-L Digest reference to a listing I sent, thinking it was to Bee-L but apparently it was to Apis-L. It happens to us amateur computer users. Anyway, I thought I would post it again for the benefit of all on Bee-L as it contained a little more than the quoted text. I noticed a reply from Kerry Clark, on the Asian mite, quoting from a book by Dr. Cynthia Scott-Dupree. I have a copy and can recommend it to all beekeepers as a very useful reference book on bee diseases and pests. It should be in every beekeeper's library. The posting was a follows:- "I think the name that Chris Allen is looking for is Tropilaelaps clareae. It is commonly called the Asian mite and, from conversations I have had with people in the know, is certainly a bigger pest than varroa on Apis mellifera. I hope those in Australia reading Bee-L are not thinking of using wax from overseas sources. With us being lucky not to have varroa, we are also lucky to have wax that is not contaminated with miticides. There is no need to import beeswax to Australia and end up finding it in our beekeeping chain where any contaminants will certainly stop us gaining a premium on pure beeswax. Trevor Weatherhead M.S. 825 Middle Road Peak Crossing 4306 Queensland AUSTRALIA Ph 6174 672135 Fax 6174 672265 E.mail queenbee@gil.com.au" ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 19 Oct 1996 09:53:36 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Franklin D. Humphrey" Subject: Stinky Bees Hi All When I go to my bee yard I can tell what time of year it is. The Golden Rod is done and the weed type areas are white with Aster blooms. The bees must bee getting a bumper crop because I have to practically hold my nose when I open a hive. I am feeding as much corn syrup as they will take to dilute the Aster honey to keep down crystallization. I'm not complaining. It's nice to have good strong colonies to gather such a crop. They should be rearing to go in spring. Frank Humphrey beekeepr@cdc.net ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 19 Oct 1996 09:16:59 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Daddyo Subject: Newbie Beekeeper Questions Is it ok to feed partly, cristalized, homemade, jelly to the bees? thanks, Marton ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 20 Oct 1996 08:26:24 -0600 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Eric Abell Subject: Re: Brood Rearing and Apistan At 07:32 AM 10/17/96 -0700, you wrote: >There was a question regarding the effect of Apistan on brood rearing. >Lynn Bernie, a masters student from Simon Fraser University, tested the >sub-lethal effects of the recommended doses of Apistan and Formic Acid on >colonies started from packages in the spring. Among the parameters she >studied, there were no differences in the brood area of Apistan colonies >and colonies not recieving any treatment. > >Cheers, >Adony > Was there any difference in the colonies treated with Formic Acid? Eric Eric Abell Gibbons, Alberta Canada (403) 998 3143 eabell@compusmart.ab.ca ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 20 Oct 1996 16:27:19 -0400 Reply-To: Ian Watson Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Ian Watson Subject: Maxant Extractor as storage tank? Hello all..:) I have a 3/6 frame Maxant extractor. I have been told that it doubles as a storage tank. So I removed the workings of it...and down at the bottom where the spinning part rests on the bottom...there is oil/grease of some type. The questions are: how can I use it as a storage tank without getting the honey contaminated? Should I use a detergent and wash it off? Is it likely vegetable based?(I hope so!) Any input would be appreciated as I have some honey to extract....:) Cheers! Ian Watson iwatson@freenet.npiec.on.ca ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 20 Oct 1996 17:54:02 +0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: George_Willy Subject: Marking Queen Bees Hi everybody Does anyone out there have knowledge of the rules and regulations regarding color patterns for the yearly marking of queens. Is this just a national or international code. would appreciate any info that you folks might like to share. George and Dave @ Borderline beekeepers association ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 20 Oct 1996 18:48:53 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Tom Allen Subject: Re: Re[2]: Follower boards I had started using follower boards a cocuple of years ago and seem to have fallen out of the habit in setting up in the spring.Have a good stock and will go back to using them this year. Do you use 9- ftrames in each super.? Do you use them in brood chambers?? ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 20 Oct 1996 20:06:54 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "my name is Dean M. Breaux" Subject: Re: Marking Queen Bees The queen marking system is as follows: white or grey for years ending in 1 or 6 yellow for years ending in 2 or 7 red for years ending in 3 or 8 greeen for years ending in 4 or 9 blue for years ending in 5 or 0 If I can be of any futher assistance on queen rearing feel free to contact me direct. Dean M. Breaux Executive Vice President Hybri Bees Inc. "Breeding Better Bees" -- End --