========================================================================= Date: Thu, 8 Jan 1998 20:35:35 PST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: T & M Weatherhead Subject: Re: BeesExample MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1"; X-MAPIextension=".TXT" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Nasir Ali Alteyeb asks about suitable bees for Kuwait and the desert area= s. Bees exported from Australia for the past 10 years or so have all been = Italian bees. There Have been many packages and queen bees sent to place= s such as Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, UAE and Iran. From all reports, they have performed well. Trevor Weatherhead AUSTRALIA ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 8 Jan 1998 20:40:22 PST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: T & M Weatherhead Subject: Records of Apis mellifera to Brazil MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1"; X-MAPIextension=".TXT" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable I was wondering if we have someone on Bee-L from Brazil who could tell = me when Apis mellifera was first introduced to Brazil? If not someone from Brazil, is there anyone who can tell me or point me = to a reference? Thanks. Trevor Weatherhead AUSTRALIA ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 8 Jan 1998 07:38:22 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Constill Organization: AOL (http://www.aol.com) Subject: Re: Chinese treatment Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit Honey should never be given to infants because of the presence of botulism spores could be toxic!! ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 8 Jan 1998 09:20:42 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Pollinator Organization: AOL (http://www.aol.com) Subject: Re: Botulism (was: Chinese treatment) Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit In a message dated 98-01-08 07:44:02 EST, Constill@AOL.COM (Constill) writes: << Honey should never be given to infants because of the presence of botulism spores could be toxic!! >> Botulism spores are everywhere. And babies put *everything* into their mouths. The problem is that infant digestive systems are not acid until they begin solid foods. Acid environments will prevent the growth of botulism. Honey, or any syrup or sweetener, when diluted with infant digestive juices, will provide an ideal medium for the growth of botulism. The spores can come from the honey, or syrup, the baby's fingers, or the pacifier that was dropped on the floor, or anywhere. The botulism grows and makes its poisons, causing illness or death. It is not a common problem. Good sanitation is an important safeguard, but no one can sterilize everything perfectly. Parents can do everything they can, but babies, siblings, or even other careless adults can undo the safeguards, just like the kid I watched in the grocery store, who stuffed the dropped pacifier back into the fussy baby's mouth. I agree that honey should not be given to infants. Better to be safe than sorry. But the blame on honey approaches hysteria with some folks. The person who first discussed botulism and honey in my hearing spent a lot of energy badmouthing honey. I think she personally did not like it. Hundreds of thousands of babies were raised on formula, sweetened with honey, before any such warnings were made, and did just fine. The actual connection with honey in any real cases is anecdotal and not solidly established. Parents should be taught about the mechanism of botulism growth. I was not made aware of this, until I was past child rearing. We home canned also, and probably made some mistakes, because we simply were not aware. Maybe education is better today, but I doubt it. Pollinator@aol.com Dave Green Hemingway, SC USA The Pollination Scene: http://users.aol.com/pollinator/polpage1.html Jan's Sweetness and Light Shop (Varietal Honeys and Beeswax Candles) http://users.aol.com/SweetnessL/sweetlit.htm ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 7 Jan 1998 19:30:24 -0800 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: David Hinz Subject: Re: Bkprs Chat Page In-Reply-To: <199612202314.MAA00573@Axil.wave.co.nz> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII How's the chat page going? ehan On Sat, 21 Dec 1996, Nick Wallingford wrote: > I've set up a page for 'chat' (keyboard to keyboard with multiple > people) for beekeepers' use. It has some advantage in that it > doesn't require IRC or telnet software, but just a normal (Java > enabled) brower. Give it a try at: > > http://www.wave.co.nz/pages/chat.htm > > Who knows? It may be a good place to 'check in' just to see who else > is connected. Any problems or comments to me (as the setup is pretty > experimental, I expect some teething problems!) > > (\ Nick Wallingford > {|||8- home nickw@wave.co.nz > (/ work nw1@boppoly.ac.nz > NZ Beekeeping http://www.wave.co.nz/pages/nickw/nzbkpg.htm > ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 6 Jan 1998 09:42:48 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Gcbowley Organization: AOL (http://www.aol.com) Subject: How small can a hive be to start Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit It is curious to me how small a hive could be to start off and survive. Could a queen and an "handful" of workers of different ages establish a hive? What would be the smallest number of workers required? In nature, I would imagine, such a small colony would not survive or would it. It seems bees are quite adaptable under different kind of stresses. Could a queen by her self survive? Could a queen by herself actually raise a new colony? Gene Bowley Clayton NC ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 3 Jan 1998 09:21:27 -0600 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Maritza T. Abril Castillo" Subject: Can Anybody in Bee-l help me with this? In-Reply-To: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Does anybody konws who can unsubscribe me manually from this discussion list. I have tried to sign off by using the automatic service at the listserver, but it has been an impossible task. I have tried to contact the list moderator (attached note), but he has not answered any of my messages. Is anybody out there who can unsubscribe my e-mail from this list? Thanks! Bee-l is an interesting discussion forum, but I don't have enough space on my e-mail account for its messages. Cordially, Maritza Abril ****************************** Mr Bee-l list Moderator, I have been unable to unsubscribe BEE-L. I have tried to unsubscribe by sending the message "unsubscribe" to the list server at albany.edu, but it has always returned me a message telling me that I am not subscribed to bee-l. Could you please sign my e-mail off of this list manually? Thank you! My e-mail is mabril@ocean.st.usm.edu It seems that the list server receives my messages as I were mabril@ocean.otr.usm.edu Thanks in advance for your attention on this matter, Cordially, Maritza Tatiana Abril Biological Sciences Department University of Southern Mississippi E-mail: mabril@ocean.st.usm.edu ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 3 Jan 1998 01:24:46 +0100 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Kuyckx Maurice Subject: access to the archives MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit I received a E-mail " You are not authorized to examine the archives of the Bee-L list. I ask " What I have tot do to be authorized?" Sig Maurice from Belgium. ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 2 Jan 1998 13:33:33 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Lloyd Spear Subject: Re: How much time a beehive lives? There is no reason a colony should not be able to live for well over 100 years. Before our problem with mites, I personally knew of one that lived for over 30 years in an old barn. Unfortunately, shortly after the mites arrived here it died. During its life a colony will grow too large for its site. Then it will throw a swarm, but enough bees will remain to repopulate the site. The large colony I knew of used to throw a swarm every year. However, even before mites wild colonys would die out. This was usually because they became infected with American Foulbrood, or threw a swarm late in the year and failed to raise a new queen. In the latter case, one could make the case that the colony presumably still continued to live...only in a new location. But to repeat, there is no biological or other reason that I am aware of which would put anything self-limiting on how long a wild colony would live. -----Original Message----- From: Carlos Aparicio To: BEE-L@CNSIBM.ALBANY.EDU Date: Friday, January 02, 1998 10:24 AM Subject: How much time a beehive lives? > Some time ago I have a doubt, whose response could not find in any >apiculture book, and that perhaps someone could give me at the very least an >opinion. > The question is: How much time lives a bee colony? > Is out of the point how much lives a bee, or drone or queen, but the >colony in its current location. > Interest particularly the wild colonies. > I know one that is more than fifteen years, and it does not give >obsolescence signs. >I ask me if it will be able to arrive to 50 years, or to hundred. > Any opinion or feedback on this subject will be greatly appreciated. > > Carlos Aparicio > ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 2 Jan 1998 13:21:56 -5 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology Comments: Authenticated sender is From: "J. Christopher Haring" Subject: cleaning bee stains MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Does anyone have the magic formula for removing bee excrement stains from clothing?? I think it adds charactor to my bee jacket/hood but my wife seems to disagree!! Chris Haring Long Island ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 8 Jan 1998 09:40:52 -0800 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Andy Nachbaur Subject: Re: How small can a hive be to start In-Reply-To: <3b22e8da.34b242ea@aol.com> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" At 09:42 AM 1/6/98 -0500, you wrote: Hi Gene & All, Good Questions! >It is curious to me how small a hive could be to start off and survive. The best size package of bees to start off with in most areas of the US and Canada in the early spring is two pounds and a young mated queen. In two months this hive will under good conditions be a very strong and productive hive for any summer honey flows. Of course areas of the southwest US that have the main honey flow in the spring such as Mesquite, or even Citrus will be disappointed with spring package bees. >Could queen and an "handful" of workers of different ages establish a hive? >What would be the smallest number of workers required? Four onces of bees in a small nuc box and a queen cell can in the spring build up to a full hive by summer and make enough stores to survive the winter. >In nature, I would imagine, such a small colony would not survive or would it. It seems bees are quite >adaptable under different kind of stresses. Survival rates on healthy established colonies with young queens are the same today as they ever were. The secret is in having that young queen and a healthy hive, anything less the survival rate dramatically reduced. Today a hundred hives of bees with no care in California will all die by the 2nd or 3rd year and few if any will be restocked by swarms. >Could a queen by her self survive?Could a queen by herself actually raise a new colony? A queen can not even fed herself. A queen is no more then an egg laying machine and she is helpless without worker bees. Years ago when there was a good, happy, trade with Canadian beekeepers in package bees from California someone in Canada got excited about getting short weighted packages. At the time we all used balance scales that were not very accurate and in tests over several seasons packages were taken from many different loads of packages and from many different shippers to see who was getting what. (It is well to remember that both package bee men and most package bee buyers were happy with the results of receiving these package up to that time.) The results of these test's indeed showed that packages were arriving in Canada lighter then what beekeepers there were paying for, or they were short in weight. Some were as much as 1/2 a pound light in a 2 pound packages to 3/4 or more over. The bees were installed in government hives and tracked for a season, (No use wasting them.) THE REST OF THE STORY,...California beekeepers went to more expensive and very accurate scales costing at the time $150.00 each and all packages shipped were from that day accurate in weight. I paid for my own the first week in recovering the bees that I was giving away with the old scales. The results of the government hives that season surprised everyone, the poor beekeeper who was branded as short weighing all his packages had the packages that made the greatest amount of honey by far. In the end everyone was a winner as with the new scales a good package shipper could pay for them in a few days by the saying in bees that he was giving away and the Canadian beekeepers were got enlightenment both in mind and pocketbook by having the knowledge that small packages were capable of building strong hive and producing big crops and paying for the extra bees he once got for nothing. Both sides should have been happy, but the extra money has never made the difference to the California beekeepers who were accused of short weighing packages by their brother beekeepers in Canada. All was made a mute point when responding to the hype of a few Northern California package beekeepers spreading the Gospel of Fear to the Canadian beekeepers on the dreaded mites, maybe only to gain a edge or advantage over souther state bee breeders found the response a little different then they expected and ALL bees from the US were prohibited in an bee health embargo and this continues to this day. I guess it would be fair to say that if total bee population in Canada are down it is directly due to the mites and today the fear of Afro bees they say they don't have or did not have at one time. One thing that for sure don't have in Canada is package bees and queens from California and the US but they now most Canadian beekeepers can with the rest of us enjoy the adventure of wintering bees and the costs to do it. ttul, the OLd Drone Los Banos, California (c)Permission is given to copy this document in any form, or to print for any use. (w)OPINIONS are not necessarily facts. USE AT OWN RISK! ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 8 Jan 1998 18:51:49 +0000 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology Comments: Authenticated sender is From: Joe Hemmens Subject: Re: access to the archives In-Reply-To: <34AD854E.D48222F7@glo.be> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT > I received a E-mail " You are not authorized to examine the archives of the Bee-L list. > I ask " What I have to do to be authorized?" >Sig Maurice from > Belgium. You are probably mailing your requests from the following address - m.kuyckxhasselt@GLO.BE Which is nor the same as the address from which you subscribed to Bee-l - gd35196@GLO.BE. You must use the same address. Joe ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 8 Jan 1998 12:32:11 -0600 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Walter T. Weller" Subject: Re: Botulism (was: Chinese treatment) Honey is rather acid itself. (pH around 3.9, give or take a little). Not quite as acid as vinegar, maybe. What pH is required to inhibit botulism? (SNIP)> The problem is that infant digestive systems are not acid until they >begin solid foods. Acid environments will prevent the growth of botulism. Walter Weller Post Office Box 270 Wakefield, Louisiana 70784 ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 8 Jan 1998 16:33:45 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Dennis Scott Subject: Yugo-Carnolian ARS-1 cross MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit I noticed a blurb about ars y-c1 cross the other day and would like to pass along my experience with these bees. I do not think they are aggressive, but they do tend to be defensive if you work them to much. What I mean by this is, unneeded messing around with their hive. They start early in the day and work till late in the day. They will work when it is drizzling outside, they will stop only when it finally is raining hard enough to drive any one for cover. They are low propilizers until the winter season is being prepared for. Very little bridge and brace comb during the busy season, I like these two traits because it is easier to take a double deep apart if you need to. The queen is a good layer and lays a good pattern. One trait I noticed was they do not seem to lay many drones. This may be a good trait or a bad trait depending on your thinking, for me I like that trait. One side note I would recommend requeening every year. The workers have high flower fidelity till there are no more of that type of flower, in my case white clover. My first year 3 pound packages built up population,filled up both deeps for winter and gave me fourty pounds of section honey in each hive and we had a slow start this past spring. All in all I would say they are a good hybrid. I will learn more in my second year and find out if these traits hold true over time. If there any of you out there that have ars yc-1 bees please write to bee-l and tell us your experience it would be nice to know, also tell us your location. Best regards Dennis Scott West Central Ohio ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 8 Jan 1998 17:20:55 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Conrad Sigona Subject: Re: Yugo-Carnolian ARS-1 cross In-Reply-To: <199801082149.QAA29251@sparticus.bright.net> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII > All in all I would say they are a good hybrid. I will learn more > in my second year and find out if these traits hold true over time. If > there any of you out there that have ars yc-1 bees please write to bee-l > and tell us your experience it would be nice to know, also tell us your > location. Location: I am in central New York. Summers are warm, but not hot. Winters can be as low as -40 (same in Fahrenheit and Celsius) for a few nights of the year. There is usually a snow cover from late November through mid-April. Right now, it's exceptionally warm (40F, 5C). I have 4 hives of ARS YC-1. They are the friendliest, sweetest bees I've worked. I have used almost no smoke and only get stung if I do something really dumb. Friendliness aside, I have found them to be poor honey gatherers. Let me soften this a bit by saying that a few fellow beekeepers around here have reported a very poor season and they don't have the ARC YC-1 bees. In any case, these four hives were started pretty late (mid June). By September, they had only multiplied enough to fill about 1.5 brood boxes. The really horrible thing is that there was almost no honey! I had to feed them sugar water (and lots of it) to get the stores up enough to go into winter. We'll see how well they do over winter and next season before I render a final judgment. All in all, I'd rather have honey and stings than none of either! Conrad Sigona conrad@ntcnet.com ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 8 Jan 1998 15:03:58 -0800 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Andy Nachbaur Subject: Re: Botulism (now is:??) In-Reply-To: <56a52d19.34b4e0bb@aol.com> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" At 09:20 AM 1/8/98 -0500, you wrote: Hi Dave & All, >Maybe education is better today, but I doubt it. There is no doubt about it, education is lacking in many homes in the US. The stats on babies having babies, blacks killing blacks, and so on prove it. Heck if had even near adequate education in the home our children would at least know how babies are made and make more of them by the half dozen or more, go for the record for all the prize money they could get, and the blacks would be killing whites because way back when blacks sold blacks as slaves and the white made saw a good deal, he thought, and purchased a couple for every job, now they got no jobs and they are killing each other that shows a lack of education or something starting in the home or no home. Yep, a little home schooling would go a long way to change the face's of America. Now back to beekeeping school, what is this about all those worker bees having no father, or was their father their grandfather? Maybe I am confused and its all those drones who are born without even the blessings of wedlock. But this is all changed since a few bee perverts started artificially messing with our virgin queens. Could it bee it's God's revenge to remove all the bees from the trees in the forest. You just wait when the word gets out there will be a grass roots movement to stop eating honey and eat the beekeepers. Some good news, looking over some of the morbidly stats being released because of the snow accidents I find that more people die in the US from dog bites then bee bites, and our chances are greater of busting your head in a skiing accident then a fatal bee bite unless your are a regular poster to this group, then if you will go the Ural below you are in danger of getting a fat head from all the bee bytes that you have posted. http://www.phoaks.com/sci/agriculture/beekeeping/index.html In any case this is a good place to find current reference information of interest to beekeepers. ttul, the OLd Drone (c)Permission is given to copy this document in any form, or to print for any use. (w)OPINIONS are not necessarily facts. USE AT OWN RISK! ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 8 Jan 1998 14:20:56 -1000 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Thomas W. Culliney" Subject: Re: Botulism (now is:??) In-Reply-To: <199801082304.PAA07838@mail.thegrid.net> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII On Thu, 8 Jan 1998, Andy Nachbaur wrote (among other things): > Now back to beekeeping school, what is this about all those worker bees > having no father, or was their father their grandfather? It's not the workers that are fatherless, but the drones. Lack of a proper upbringing undoubtedly explains the latter's penchant for unsafe sex. ************************************************************************* Tom Culliney Hawaii Dept. of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry, 1428 South King St., Honolulu, HI 96814, U.S.A. E-mail: culliney@elele.peacesat.hawaii.edu Telephone: 808-973-9528 FAX: 808-973-9533 "To a rough approximation and setting aside vertebrate chauvinism, it can be said that essentially all organisms are insects."--R.M. May (1988) "Bugs are not going to inherit the earth. They own it now. So we might as well make peace with the landlord."--T. Eisner (1989) ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 8 Jan 1998 17:07:49 -0800 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: roy barton Subject: bee stains/reply to Chris Haring Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Hi Chris.....Vickie B. here, wife of Roy who has been into bees for just 2 seasons now. I had to chuckle at your request for a way to remove the bee stains! I'm "with your wife" on that one....but Roy just washes his as is, and of course, the stains don't come out. Since I work on the "sidelines" I don't have my own bee suit, but if I did I'd try to bleach it I guess. I would imagine, however, that you will get some good suggestions from some experienced beekeepers. However, it could be a "badge of honor" thing, kind of like the Hells Angels Bikers' jackets, the dirtier the better!! Now then, how does your wife cope with the "seasonal" sticky doorknobs and counters? I've just learned to smile sweetly and wipe. Roy loves his beekeeping so much....I just can't complain any more. :+) ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 8 Jan 1998 20:03:40 -0800 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Michael Simics Subject: varroa & queen cells Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Hi fellow bee-l'rs. Happy new year.A few of us got together over the holidays and as beekeepers will, began a fervent discussion on our hives and their likely survival over the winter. One topic came up which prompts this inquiry = are queen cells known to become invaded by varroa mites? Has anyone observed this personally? Are there any articles or documented cases of this? If so, sure would like some help with this one. Thank you Darlene personal replies can be sent to dags@lightspeed.bc.ca ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 9 Jan 1998 00:09:47 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Stan Sandler Subject: Re: soyflower Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Allen wrote: > How well does the yeast work for open feeding? I found the bees were flying and gathering from an open bag of brewer's yeast when I was mixing substitute last spring. However, there is a physical characteristic to all the powders that I think is important to consider as a factor in open feeding. It seems to me that the pollen pellet that the bees are able to make from either brewers yeast, soyflour (full fat or defatted, I have tried both), milk powder, or calf milk replacer, or combinations are never anywhere approaching the size of a natural pollen pellet. Pollen is sticky, but I don't think this is the only factor. The full fat soyflour is also quite sticky but the pellets are still small despite the fact that the bees hairs are covered with more dust particles than they would get at flowers usually. The fact that the pollen coating has geometric irregularities and sometimes spikes and protrusions likely has some effect. The brewers yeast must have an extremely small particle size (Andy referred to this particle size last year on his posts about DRINKING pollen) and although I have never looked at it under a microscope I suspect it is very smooth. The dust is so fine that the beating of a bee's wings puts it airborne quite readily. I think that the particle size is not very well adapted to open feeding alone. I always used open feeding to get the bee's acclimated to the taste of substitute. I think the patties were consumed much better after a few foragers had brought some in from outside. But I had no natural pollen to mix with it. Like Allen, I also was quite influenced by Andy's posts last year about soyflour and Mark Spagnolo's "Hawaiian delight" (just pollen, brewers yeast, sugar and water) and as a result trapped quite a bit of pollen last year for use this spring. But I will still use SOME soyflour in my mix. My reasoning is that the pollen+extender has to be the SOLE protein source for my bees in Prince Edward Island, who will be consuming it before any natural pollen is available. So it has to have a complete balance of all the amino acids that are necessary for brood growth. A single source, such as brewer's yeast, is not likely to have every amino acid necessary. I know when one is formulating a stock ration that the usefulness of the ration to the animal is limited by the level of the first essential amino acid that the animal runs out of. So, when using soy protein for pigs, lysine and methionine are added because they are very low and limiting. Probably the reason brewer's yeast works for Mark is that the deficient amino acids are present to some level in the natural pollen that is mixed with it. I think a mix of several ingredients helps ensure a mix of amino acids. And I think the early formulators of bee protein diets, like Haydak, must have had this in mind because they tried a variety of mixes with yeasts, flours, wheasts, milk powder, dried blood, meatmeat, egg powder,... But I will be concentrating on the brewers yeast. It would be nice to be able to offer various ingredients to the bees and see what they like, but supposedly the bees are not terribly good judges of nutrional value. Which I guess I can believe, after seeing them gathering sawdust and barn dust crud. I enjoyed reading Garth's post about maltose in some powders, but although it might increase palatability it would not affect the protein value. Regards, Stan ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 9 Jan 1998 01:32:10 -0600 Reply-To: allend@internode.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology Comments: Authenticated sender is From: Allen Dick Subject: Ross Rounds Changes Hands MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT As some of you may know, in late September 1997, ownership of Ross Rounds, Inc. was transferred from Tom Ross to Lloyd Spear. Lloyd is a US beekeeper for more than 30 years and a current member of Bee-L. If you are interested in more details or learning more about Ross Rounds (tm), I'd like to invite you to visit http://www.RossRounds.com/history.htm and http://www.RossRounds.com Allen Dick www.RossRounds.com webmaster ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 9 Jan 1998 07:47:04 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: tomas mozer Subject: Re: Records of Apis mellifera to Brazil might try posting the query on the brasil bee-list (beebr@bdt.org.br)...english should be no problem. good luck! ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 9 Jan 1998 09:20:26 -0600 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: williams Subject: honey separator MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit would like to buy a good used honey separator. williams @ tigernet.missouti.org ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 9 Jan 1998 09:23:10 -0600 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: williams Subject: honey separator MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit would like to buy a good used honey separator. williams@tigernet.missouri.org ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 9 Jan 1998 10:42:51 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "David W. Inouye" Subject: Varroa mites and resistance Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" I'm looking for a reference that might document the appearance of resistance by Varroa mites to chemicals used by beekeepers to treat mites. An article by Sue Hubbell in Natural History magazine last year referred to this phenomenon. Thanks. Dr. David W. Inouye Dept. of Zoology University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742 301-405-6946 di5@umail.umd.edu http://www.inform.umd.edu/EdRes/Colleges/LFSC/FacultyStaff/dinouye ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 9 Jan 1998 13:48:39 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: David W Oakes Subject: Styrofoam hive bodies MIME-version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Has anyone ever used styrofoam hive bodies? Are they good-bad or???? Where can someone find those for sale? Thanks in advance Dave in Indiana Oakes.d@lilly.com ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 9 Jan 1998 20:45:01 +0200 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Rimantas Zujus Subject: NOSEMA Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable ---------- From: Martin Braunstein Sent: Wednesday, January 07, 1998 1:54 AM Subject: Re: Feeding minerals, vitamins, etc. Hello Rimantas Zujus, I would appreciate your replying to a few questions (I placed them in = CAPS inside your message) regarding Nosema control using your formulas. A common question to the three treatments that you propose is: How many treatments are necessary? How often do you repeat treatments? = What quantity of medicine do you supply to each hive? -WHEN YOU SPEAK ABOUT BRANDY, ARE YOU REFERRING TO THE ALCOHOL DRINK = KNOWN AS BRANDY? WHAT SORT OF THING IS "SAINT-JOHN'S WORT"? (NEVER HEARD ABOUT IT) Thanks a lot. Martin Braunstein Malka Cabania Apicola e-mail: malka@webnet.com.ar ---------- It's a pity my English is obscure.=20 I decided to add some explanations to the recent paper and to send it to = the List again. Rimantas Every month we are invited to take a part in consulting meetings = arranged by the beekeeper society of our town. There is delivered a lecture on a "hot" topic by some professor of an = agricultural school or an experienced beekeeper. We are suggested to refuse chemical treatment and use natural means. Here is some recipes to prevent Nosema. Should be used for winter = feeding i.e. in the end of summer. Your bees store a sugar syrup with a = decoction of one of these plant.(Therefore your bees get treatment all = the winter season using such meal) !!! 1. Garlic. Preparing of a decoction ("brandy" of water and a plant ) : Grate 80 = gram of garlic and add 1 liter of boiling water. Wait 3-4 hours. Filter. Sugar syrup ratio for a colony feeding before winter season : 10 kg = sugar +6 ltr water+750 gram (or 0.7 Liter) of decoction. There is noticed an influence against varroa and moth when using such = syrup often (by keeping garlic smell in a hive ) 2. Common Saint-John's-wort.(Hypericum perforatum L) (Tupfel-Harteu, Johannisk-raut in German) Preparing a decoction : 5 liter of water +(100-200) gram of = ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 9 Jan 1998 14:38:34 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: David W Oakes Subject: Styrofoam MIME-version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Has anyone had experience using styrofoam hive bodies? Where can they be purchase in the USA? Thanks for the information. Dave in Indiana oakes.d@lilly.com ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 9 Jan 1998 21:21:03 +0100 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "K. Bokhorst" Subject: Re: Styrofoam hive bodies MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit David W Oakes wrote: > Has anyone ever used styrofoam hive bodies? > Are they good-bad or???? > Where can someone find those for sale? > Thanks in advance > Dave in Indiana > Oakes.d@lilly.com Hello Dave, I do have a styrofoam hive and I am very satisfied with it. Only during spring the bees come outof the hive later than my other colonies, most probably because the hive is so good isolated that the bees donot know that the weather is good already.(IMO) Karel Bokhorst, The Netherlands. ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 9 Jan 1998 12:59:12 -0800 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Andy Nachbaur Subject: Re: Styrofoam In-Reply-To: <05256587.006BBCCA.00@aammta1.d51.lilly.com> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" At 02:38 PM 1/9/98 -0500, you wrote: >Has anyone had experience using styrofoam hive bodies? >Where can they be purchase in the USA? Hi Dave, The GOOD, Styrofoam supers that I tested were made by a spin mold process that gave them a hard veinal coating on all exposed surface's and held up real well under normal commercial conditions and if could be produced for less then wood could be satisfactory substitute. The BAD, All Styrofoam hives, tops, bottoms, and supers, I tested had severe problems with the moisture normally found in hives in all areas of the US and will promote nasty looking molds and other problems for the bees. The UGLY, All Styrofoam hives, (tops, bottoms, the works) tested in this area promote and are ideal for rearing the greater wax worms. If you have never opened a beautiful Carnolian breeder hive and seen the worms eating the hive alive you have missed a sight that is right out of science fiction. Styrofoam hives are excellent for studying wax worms and other insects associated with bee hives that normally would not be reared in large numbers or are normally controlled by the bees themselves. I did observe maybe for the first time and for sure never reported, wax worms boring all the way through the Styrofoam bottoms and into the earth to try and pupate. (Don't quote this around the wrong people or you will be called less then truthful as the greater wax worms don't do this.) Don't know if anyone is selling these hives in the US, but I am sure they have improved since the time I tested them and could be worth a look see. ttul, the OLd Drone Los Banos, Left Coast (c)Permission is given to copy this document in any form, or to print for any use. (w)OPINIONS are not necessarily facts. USE AT OWN RISK! ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 9 Jan 1998 16:10:27 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "A.JOHNSTON" Subject: Saint John's Wort Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Hello Rimantas. Due to the agricultural policy of "setaside" we have plenty of St.Johns Wort in my part of the world,Bedfordshire,U.K. Which part of the plant would you use, flowers,leaves,root or the whole plant. Regards Andy. ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 9 Jan 1998 17:04:27 -0500 Reply-To: dronebee@norfolk.infi.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "\\Dr. Pedro P. Rodriguez" Organization: Independent non-profit research Subject: Re: varroa & queen cells MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Dear Darlene: Just a quick reply to your inquiry with subject as above. In fourteen years of work with Varroa mites, I have not seen queen cells with Varroa mites. Why not? Perhaps it is due to a relationship of logistics. There are not that many queen cells at any particular time. But, as a curiosity, I will dedicate more attention to this area. Thanks for your input. Sincerely. Dr. Rodriguez Virginia Beach, VA ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 9 Jan 1998 17:36:49 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: GImasterBK Organization: AOL (http://www.aol.com) Subject: Re: Varroa mites and resistance Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit The answers are right here in Maryland. Maryland State Bee Inspector: I.Barton Smith, Annapolis 410-841-5920 US Dept of Ag., Beltsville; Chief of Bee Diseases: Dr. H. Shimanuki @ 301 504-8205, ex. 8173. If these don't help, call me in Rockville 301-424-5709; I know all the famous. George W, Imirie Certified Master Beekeeper Started Beekeeping in 1933 ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 9 Jan 1998 23:07:56 +0000 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Malcolm (Tom) Sanford" Subject: Re: bees in lit (fwd) Comments: To: lprior@aug.edu Comments: cc: ENTOMO-L@LISTSERV.UOGUELPH.CA In-Reply-To: MIME-version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" This has me stumped and so I am submitting it to the Bee-l and Entomo-L Discussion list for a possible response. There was a thread some time back on famous or prominent persons who were beekeepers. Sir Edmund Hilary and Henry Fonda come to mind; Peter Fonda is being nominated for the Academy Award this year for protraying a beekeeper in Ulee's Gold. The Roman Pliny the Elder and some Greek and Roman personages were thought to be beekeepers; Napolean's emperor's robe had honey bees on it, but I know of no beekeepers as characters in classical literature or Greek or Roman mythology. Perhaps someone else has more information. Tom Sanford >Date: Fri, 09 Jan 1998 13:59:15 -0800 >From: Linda Prior >To: mts@GNV.IFAS.UFL.EDU >Subject: bees in lit > >I am doing a paper on beekeepers who appear as characters in literature >(through the ages). Can you point me in a direction to find a few more >characters to write about? >Thanks, Linda Prior, Dept. of Lang. and Lit., Augusta State Univ. >Augusta, GA 30904-2200 >lprior@aug.edu > > > ======================================================================= Dr. Malcolm (Tom) Sanford Tel 352/392-1801 x 143 Extension Apiculturist FAX 352/392-0190 University of Florida E-mail: mts@gnv.ifas.ufl.edu Bldg. 970, Box 110620 Gainesville, FL 32611-0620 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Publisher of APIS on the web-- http://www.ifas.ufl.edu/~mts/apishtm/apis.htm To subscribe to the monthly newsletter as it comes out,send a message to listserv@lists.ufl.edu In the first line of the message body enter: Subscribe Apis-L Your first name Your last name ======================================================================= ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 9 Jan 1998 07:25:53 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: John M Thorp Subject: Re: bee stains/reply to Chris Haring The dirtier the better-----hum,then you will truly find out how much the bees love you,hah-hah-ouch. Take Care and GBY,John in Homestead,also at On Thu, 8 Jan 1998 17:07:49 -0800 roy barton writes: >Hi Chris.....Vickie B. here, wife of Roy who has been into bees for >just 2 >I would imagine, however, that you will get some good suggestions from >some >experienced beekeepers. However, it could be a "badge of honor" thing, >kind >of like the Hells Angels Bikers' jackets, the dirtier the better!! ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 9 Jan 1998 23:20:06 -0600 Reply-To: allend@internode.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology Comments: Authenticated sender is From: Allen Dick Subject: Re: varroa & queen cells In-Reply-To: <34B69EEB.F484AEC@norfolk.infi.net> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT > In fourteen years of work with Varroa mites, I have not seen queen cells > with Varroa mites. Why not? Perhaps it is due to a relationship of > logistics... I've never heard of it either, but then, how many people uncap queen cells? I know some of us do occasionally open cells carefully to examine pupae prior to emerging to determine development and look for the surplus royal jelly which is an indicator of abundant feeding, then reseal the cell. (FWIW Jayzee BeeZee transparent cell cups -- which virtually all serious bulk queen breeders use now -- have rendered this latter purpose unecessary since one can actually see the surplus jelly thru the cup). The other major opportunity to examine many cells is in breaking them down in swarming season, and I guess everyone does that once in a while at least. I suppose the question then is this: How many readers have opened queen cells in hives that are noticably infested with varroa and noticed that there were *no* varroa in *any* of the queen cells when -- judging by the worker brood infestation levels -- it seemed that there should have been varroa on at least one queen pupae? Allen ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 9 Jan 1998 23:27:21 -0600 Reply-To: allend@internode.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology Comments: Authenticated sender is From: Allen Dick Subject: Re: Styrofoam In-Reply-To: <05256587.006BBCCA.00@aammta1.d51.lilly.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT > Has anyone had experience using styrofoam hive bodies? > Where can they be purchase in the USA? Dave Taggart of Fairview Alberta has been using and promoting a styrofoam nuc box which has a good tight fitting lid for about $30.00 Canadian ($21 US). They have a fairly hard plastic surface as I recall, sorta like a picnic cooler. They are used to make one or two frame nucs around Midsummer's Day that develop by fall into winterable nucs. These nucs are transported to a warm area in BC until spring, them returned to Alberta to be transferred into full size hives which then produce further nucs and a honey crop. Allen ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 10 Jan 1998 01:39:20 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: henry <104047.270@compuserve.com> Subject: Re: Time length of bee's memory MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Hi, I'm in New Zealand for a month and would like to put my mail on hold until 2/1/98. Is this possible? Regards, Henry ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 10 Jan 1998 00:49:39 -0600 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Robert Barnett Subject: Re: varroa & queen cells Mime-version: 1.0 Content-type: multipart/alternative; boundary="Next_Part_2967238179_2863586_MS_Mac_IMN" > THIS MESSAGE IS IN MIME FORMAT. Since your mail reader does not understand this format, some or all of this message may not be legible. --Next_Part_2967238179_2863586_MS_Mac_IMN Content-type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit I am not sure exactly what "a relationship of logistics" means here, but it seems likely to me that varroa are never seen in queen cells because: 1. The queen's brood cycle is 3 days egg, then 4.5 to 5 days larva, then 8 days pupa, total 15.5 to 16 days 2. The varroa cycle is, more or less: Fertile female mite wants to enter bee cell containing a 5 - 5.5 day larva...but wait, queen cells are basically capped when the larvae are 4.5 to 5 days old. Thus, the queen cell may well be capped before the queen larva is old enough to attract the mite. But suppose this cell is found open by the mite, which gets in before capping occurs. The mite feeds first on pupal food, than on the pupa itself (and the queen pupa *could* possibly sustain damage), but not likely at this stage. Sixty hours after entry the mite lays first egg (a male mite, and very tiny, doesn't grow big ) and one egg thereafter every 30 hours, a total of six. (Only this number have time to mature except on a drone pupa whose cycle is 23 days). In the queen cell, only four eggs would be laid(not enough time for more before the Queen hatches), and only the small male mite would have time to hatch into the mite larva and mature. For the female mite larvae, only a couple at most could mature to protonymph stage and to deutonymph stage and none to mature female. Certainly, the varroa must have adapted in a way that simply makes their use of queen cells impossible. I make no suggestion that these time frames are absolute, but it seems logical that queen cells do not or seldom have to contend with varroa mites. REFERENCE: The Hive and the Honeybee 1992 Edition page 1120. Bob Barnett, Birmingham, Ala ---------- > From: "\\Dr. Pedro P. Rodriguez" > To: BEE-L@CNSIBM.ALBANY.EDU > Subject: Re: varroa & queen cells > Date: Fri, 9 Jan 98 22:04:27 +0000 > >Dear Darlene: > Just a quick reply to your inquiry with subject as above. > In fourteen years of work with Varroa mites, I have not seen queen cells >with Varroa mites. Why not? Perhaps it is due to a relationship of logistics. >There are not that many queen cells at any particular time. But, as a >curiosity, I will dedicate more attention to this area. Thanks for your input. >Sincerely. >Dr. Rodriguez >Virginia Beach, VA --Next_Part_2967238179_2863586_MS_Mac_IMN Content-type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit Re: varroa & queen cells I am not sure exactly what "a relationship of logistics" means here, but it seems likely to me that varroa are never seen in queen cells because:

1. The queen's brood cycle is 3 days egg, then 4.5 to 5 days larva, then 8 days pupa, total 15.5 to 16 days
2. The varroa cycle is, more or less: Fertile female mite wants to enter bee cell containing a 5 - 5.5 day larva...but wait, queen cells are basically capped when the larvae are 4.5 to 5 days old. Thus, the queen cell may well be capped before the queen larva is old enough to attract the mite. But suppose this cell is found open by the mite, which gets in before capping occurs.
The mite feeds first on pupal food, than on the pupa itself (and the queen pupa *could* possibly sustain damage), but not likely at this stage. Sixty hours after entry the mite lays first egg (a male mite, and very tiny, doesn't grow big ) and one egg thereafter every 30 hours, a total of six. (Only this number have time to mature except on a drone pupa whose cycle is 23 days). In the queen cell, only four eggs would be laid(not enough time for more before the Queen hatches), and only the small male mite would have time to hatch into the mite larva and mature. For the female mite larvae, only a couple at most could mature to protonymph stage and to deutonymph stage and none to mature female. Certainly, the varroa must have adapted in a way that simply makes their use of queen cells impossible.

I make no suggestion that these time frames are absolute, but it seems logical that queen cells do not or seldom have to contend with varroa mites. REFERENCE: The Hive and the Honeybee 1992 Edition page 1120.

Bob Barnett,
Birmingham, Ala
----------
> From: "\\Dr. Pedro P. Rodriguez"
> To: BEE-L@CNSIBM.ALBANY.EDU
> Subject: Re: varroa & queen cells
> Date: Fri, 9 Jan 98 22:04:27 +0000
>
>Dear Darlene:
> Just a quick reply to your inquiry with subject as above.
> In fourteen years of work with Varroa mites, I have not seen queen cells
>with Varroa mites. Why not? Perhaps it is due to a relationship of logistics.
>There are not that many queen cells at any particular time. But, as a
>curiosity, I will dedicate more attention to this area. Thanks for your input.
>Sincerely.
>Dr. Rodriguez
>Virginia Beach, VA


--Next_Part_2967238179_2863586_MS_Mac_IMN-- ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 10 Jan 1998 03:18:43 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Rex Bryant Subject: Automation in beekeeping (?) Comments: cc: bryant@advauto.com Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Hello to all, I am an amateur beekeeper (one hive currently) and I enjoy the hobby A LOT! I am also a mechanical engineer and a designer of custom automation equipment. It crossed my mind tonight that there may be a need for new types of automated equipment in some professional beekeeping operations. I am guessing that new or improved automatic equipment could be developed to assemble frames, wire foundation, or handle and extract frames of honey (for example). For the latter, full supers could be the input (stacks of them) and clean supers and honey could be the output (of the automatic system). If these ideas sound interesting to anyone, or if anyone has another need for automation in beekeeping (or any need for automation, for that matter), I would be happy to discuss it. I do not ask for ANY design input. I simply wish to hear some views. Happy beekeeping, Rex Bryant rtbryant@iquest.net, or (for serious inquiries or urgent needs) bryant@advauto.com (work-mail) ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 10 Jan 1998 03:34:42 -0600 Reply-To: allend@internode.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology Comments: Authenticated sender is From: Allen Dick Subject: Re: Automation in beekeeping (?) In-Reply-To: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT > It crossed my mind tonight that there may be a need for new > types of automated equipment in some professional beekeeping operations. > I am guessing that new or improved automatic equipment could be developed > to assemble frames, wire foundation, or handle and extract frames of > honey (for example). Try http://www.smoss.org.za/honeyh/ for starters. Maybe some others have references to some other schemes of this sort. Allen --- Newsflash! Visit http://www.beekeeping.co.nz/beel.htm to search BEE-L archives the easy, easy way or to update or change your subscription options. --- ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 10 Jan 1998 12:39:55 GMT+0200 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Garth Organization: Rhodes University South Africa Subject: Re: beesexample Hi Naser In your area the native bee that is best able to survive is Apis florea. It is a small bee that nest in the open on branches in little shrubs around the edge of dry regions. As it gets very hot in your area (over 50 degrees often I gather) the other races of honey bees that nest in cavities, Apis mellifera - the ones most of us keep, and Apis cerana - the ones people used to/ still keep where A.mellifera have not killed them in asia/japan. Your area is unsuitable for cavity nesters as it becomes too hot, and thus you would probably only be able to keep the bees in an enclosed space or bee house. This technique is used in places like Zimbabwe in africa as well where it gets very hot. The house protects the bees. My adice would be to find out more about A.florea - how to encourage them to set up a swarm in your plants etc - you are so lucky to be able to live in an area with such a fascinating little bee - take photos and put them in a web page for those of us unable to keep these fascinating little bees! Keep well Garth Contact: Jos SCHOENMAKER Box 1022, Umm-al-Quwain, United Arab Emirates; Fax 09971- 6- 662293 He will know more about the best bee for you area! --- Garth Cambray Camdini Apiaries 15 Park Road Apis melifera capensis Grahamstown 800mm annual precipitation 6139 Eastern Cape South Africa Phone 27-0461-311663 On holiday for a few months Rhodes University Which means: working with bees 15 hours a day! Interests: Fliis and bees Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this post in no way reflect those of Rhodes University. ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 10 Jan 1998 09:08:18 -0500 Reply-To: mpalmer@together.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Michael Palmer Organization: French Hill Apiaries Subject: Re: Automation in beekeeping (?) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Rex - I have one for you. I weigh each colony in the fall, to determine how much hfcs to feed out. I use a metal bar with a hook welded on it. The hook holds the spring scale. Attatched to the bottom of the scale are two arms that grab the hand holes on the hive front and back. Trouble is - 1. it takes two people to weigh each hive, 2. after 1000 colonies, my arms and shoulders are dead. Would love an easier way. Something one person could handle. Something easy to use, set up, take down, and transport. I don't want to weigh 1/2 of the hive at a time, and then take an average. I want the real weight. I find that by weighing each hive, I can feed just what they need. No waste, no underfeeding. Mike Rex Bryant wrote: > Hello to all, > > I am an amateur beekeeper (one hive currently) and I enjoy the hobby A LOT! > > I am also a mechanical engineer and a designer of custom automation > equipment. It crossed my mind tonight that there may be a need for new > types of automated equipment in some professional beekeeping operations. I > am guessing that new or improved automatic equipment could be developed to > assemble frames, wire foundation, or handle and extract frames of honey (for > example). For the latter, full supers could be the input (stacks of them) > and clean supers and honey could be the output (of the automatic system). > > If these ideas sound interesting to anyone, or if anyone has another need > for automation in beekeeping (or any need for automation, for that matter), > I would be happy to discuss it. I do not ask for ANY design input. I > simply wish to hear some views. > > Happy beekeeping, > > Rex Bryant > > rtbryant@iquest.net, or (for serious inquiries or urgent needs) > bryant@advauto.com (work-mail) ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 10 Jan 1998 14:09:06 GMT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Computer Software Solutions Ltd Subject: Automation in Beekeeping Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Rex Bryant posed good questions on automation in beekeeping. I too am a beginner beekeeper and have thought a bit about this subject. To assist me in lifting brood boxes and supers, I have bought a product called BackSaver from a supplier in the USA. It has just been delivered and I have not got around to using it yet. I am not an engineer, but I have mentally conjured up a wheelbarrow fitted with a tripod whereby hives can be lifted mechanically on to the wheelbarrow for transporting to a truck or around the apiary. It seems to me, that since many beekeepers are elderly (like myself), a bit of mechanical assistance could avoid back damage. I would imagine, that if a beekeeper strained his/her back, that the pursuit of the hobby would be seriously impaired. I look forward to possible development of this subject Sincerely Tom Barrett 49 South Park Foxrock Dublin 18 Ireland e mail: cssl@iol.ie Location: Northern Hemisphere ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 10 Jan 1998 07:35:04 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Donald Aitken Subject: Re: bees in lit (fwd) Comments: To: "Malcolm (Tom) Sanford" In-Reply-To: <3.0.1.16.19980109230756.28a79ac8@gnv.ifas.ufl.edu> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Tolstoy kept bees. Donald Aitken 11710-129 Street Edmonton Alberta Canada T5M 0Y7 ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 10 Jan 1998 14:33:18 +0000 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Tom Speight Subject: Re: Fw: dead bees Comments: cc: Bestofbee@systronix.net In-Reply-To: <199801080031.RAA20974@cuugnet.cuug.ab.ca> MIME-Version: 1.0 In message <199801080031.RAA20974@cuugnet.cuug.ab.ca>, Excerpts from BEE-L writes >Going into the fall I noticed a few mites on the bees. I >counted about thirteen mites on the 5 hives we had. So on went the Apistan >strips which I left on all winter so far. Why is it that no matter how many times it is said, people still don't read the instructions? -- Tom ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 10 Jan 1998 11:05:09 -0500 Reply-To: dronebee@norfolk.infi.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "\\Dr. Pedro P. Rodriguez" Organization: Independent non-profit research Subject: Re: varroa & queen cells MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Hi All. A relationship of logistics. My apologies. It seems that I may given cause for confusion by not going into details about this expression. My career in the militay leads me astray sometimes, thinking in terms of logistics. My resoning (logistically) is that one (beekeepers) does not break open queen cells routinely to inspect for Varroa. There are not that many queen cells available to break open, except during swarming season at which time the cell may not even have a queen in it. But the most important reson is the based on the fact that because queens have a shorter incubation period, the nursing bees (bearing the mites) will visit the queens fewer times and because queen cells are capped sooner than worker bees and much sooner than drone cells. In my reasoning, logistically, developing queen larvae are less likely to be invaded by mites, (theory). In practice, it is worth keeping in mind, and as stated previously, I will dedicate time to that effort, especially during swarming season when I will be removing unwanted queen cells. I believe this subject is of particular interest to queen breeders, and their reply to this thread should be interesting. Sincerely. Dr. Rodriguez Virginia Beach, VA ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 10 Jan 1998 19:04:35 +0200 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Rimantas Zujus Subject: NOSEMA Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Sorry I failed yesterday with my mail to Bee-L.: >With reference to your message with the subject: > "NOSEMA" >The local mail transport system has reported the following problems >it encountered while trying to deliver your message: >------------------------------------------------------------------- >554 Message has travelled too many hops >------------------------------------------------------------------- I try once more. ---------- From: Martin Braunstein Sent: Wednesday, January 07, 1998 1:54 AM Subject: Re: Feeding minerals, vitamins, etc. Hello Rimantas Zujus, I would appreciate your replying to a few questions (I placed them in = CAPS inside your message) regarding Nosema control using your formulas. A common question to the three treatments that you propose is: How many treatments are necessary? How often do you repeat treatments? = What quantity of medicine do you supply to each hive? -WHEN YOU SPEAK ABOUT BRANDY, ARE YOU REFERRING TO THE ALCOHOL DRINK = KNOWN AS BRANDY? WHAT SORT OF THING IS "SAINT-JOHN'S WORT"? (NEVER HEARD ABOUT IT) Thanks a lot. Martin Braunstein Malka Cabania Apicola e-mail: malka@webnet.com.ar ---------- It's a pity my English is obscure.=20 I decided to add some explanations to the recent paper and to send it to = the List again. Rimantas Every month we are invited to take a part in consulting meetings = arranged by the beekeeper society of our town. There is delivered a lecture on a "hot" topic by some professor of an = agricultural school or an experienced beekeeper. We are suggested to refuse chemical treatment and use natural means. Here is some recipes to prevent Nosema. Should be used for winter = feeding i.e. in the end of summer. Your bees store a sugar syrup with a = decoction of one of these plant.(Therefore your bees get treatment all = the winter season using such meal) !!! 1. Garlic. Preparing of a decoction ("brandy" of water and a plant ) : Grate 80 = gram of garlic and add 1 liter of boiling water. Wait 3-4 hours. Filter. Sugar syrup ratio for a colony feeding before winter season : 10 kg = sugar +6 ltr water+750 gram (or 0.7 Liter) of decoction. There is noticed an influence against varroa and moth when using such = syrup often (by keeping garlic smell in a hive ) 2. Common Saint-John's-wort.(Hypericum perforatum L) (Tupfel-Harteu, Johannisk-raut in German) Preparing a decoction : 5 liter of water +(100-200) gram of = Saint-John's-wort to boil 10-15 minutes. To filter the rosy decoction. =20 Syrup ratio: 10 kg sugar +6 ltr water + 1 ltr of decoction. 3.Wormwood (absinthium). Preparing of a decoction : 1 ltr of water +20 gram of wormwood. Pour a = boiling water on the wormwood, cover it and wait until becomes cool. = (Taste is bitter) Attention: Such artificial honey has a little bitter taste if to use it = after wintering. Best wishes Rimantas Zujus Kaunas Lithuania e-mail: zujus@isag.lei.lt P.S. No alcohol for the bees !!! They would become very violent, attack men, = begin to steal from other colonies honey. Feed the sugar syrup (with any decoction) as usually you do in autumn = (fall) preparing your bees for wintering. I usually feed 10 kg of sugar = per colony. 1 ltr is for 1 litre ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 10 Jan 1998 10:33:35 -0600 Reply-To: allend@internode.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology Comments: Authenticated sender is From: Allen Dick Subject: Re: Time length of bee's memory In-Reply-To: <9801052011.AA14337@us9rmc.zko.dec.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT > > > At that time I noticed about 50-100 bees from this hive at the old hive >> > location looking for the entrnace that was now 15 feet to the South. > > > Over 8 weeks and these ladies still remembered! How long will "confined" > > > bees remember the previous hive location? > >Were the bees actually looking for the entrance or were they attracted by > >the debris on the grund where the hive had been? > > >When there is nothing around in the way of forage, bees are *very* > >interested in anything with even a slight bee smell. > They were clearly flying around the old approach flight path. There is a > deadout TBH right next to this spot and the bees showed no interest. > There was nothing of any obvious interest and the bees did not fly > around the hive sites of the two other hives that use to be located a > few feet to the south to this particular hive position. Very interesting observation. I gather that the bees did not pile up there and that they all went home after investigating? We seldom find a case where the bees perish in a clump at a former site after a hive is moved if their original hive -- or even another -- is nearby, although it can happen. Weather may be a factor in how long the bees can remain out of the hive without cooling down and needing to cluster. This is the type of thing that keeps bees fascinating. The behaviour of bees will vary quite widely depending on circumstance and history -- very much like that of people. I understand that greenhouses are another case where the behaviour of bees is unprdictable: one time the bees adapt fairly well to the situation after moving in, while another time many will perish on the glass. There are doubtlessly explanations, but I doubt that people are privy to many of them. Allen --- * Want to cut the volume of mail from BEE-L? * Want to improve the signal to noise ratio? Send email to honeybee@systronix.net saying join bestofbee ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 11 Jan 1998 01:02:58 +0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Vladimir P. Rydzinski" Organization: NO Subject: + Automation in beekeeping MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Appear several reporting "automation in beekeeping". For me question to automations in beekeeping is much interesting. I concern with bees of much years as a hobby. Beside me nearly two with the half of year back as a result of natural phenomena perished much bees. This has occurred an autumn. Bees could rescue only quick help. But in this time attention to bees was weakened. Beside other beekeepers on nearby apiaries too perished much bees. Not wanting repetitions like to situations, I begin to work on the system of automatic checking a condition of bees. I concerned with this nearly each day at a free time. My main profession an engineer - a physicist and programmer, besides I was interest and electronics. So beside me something beginning be in this area. In the process of work appears much interesting ideas. To my mind this will allow to do a work with bees more interesting, light and productive, as well as will reduce an amount of problems in beekeeping. I much and much interesting opinion of other beekeepers on this subject. Vladimir Rydzinski E-mail: bees@rvp.tomsk.su ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 10 Jan 1998 08:38:51 -1000 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Michael Moriarty Subject: Re: Styrofoam Beehive Bodies Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" LP:s Biodling Torstensbyn 14 S-661 94 Saffle Sweden styrofoam beehive bodies Aloha, mike moriarty \\\|/// \\~~ ~~// (/ @ @ /) +--oOOO----------(_)--------------+ | Michael Moriarty | | P.O. Box 1102 | | Kapaau, Hawaii 96755 | | 808-889-5809 | +--------------------------oOOO---+ |___|___| | | | | oooO Oooo ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 10 Jan 1998 12:59:17 -0600 Reply-To: allend@internode.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology Comments: Authenticated sender is From: Allen Dick Subject: Re: Automation in beekeeping (?) In-Reply-To: <34B780D2.CA98C7B3@together.net> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT > Would love an easier way. Something one > person could handle. Something easy to use, set up, take down, and > transport. I don't want to weigh 1/2 of the hive at a time, and then take > an average. I want the real weight. I find that by weighing each hive... Try the 'Hivetorque' from Honeywood Bee Supply (1-306-862-5454, Box 2076 Nipawin SK SOE 1E0) for $195.00 Canadian ($137 US) It weighs each hive by lifting the front a little bit and doubling the reading. I understand that it is basically a glorifed torque wrench that inserts in the entrance opening. A simple movement of the handle gives the reading. This gives a very close estimate on total hive weight. I've done some tests and found that there is no need to measure front and back. Weights can vary from one side to the other, but usually, in Fall at least, front and back are pretty well idendical. (not true in Spring). I've also tried building such a device myself and decided that his price is reasonable :) Honeywood also sells proven feeding and wintering supplies, including a very good feeding pail. Allen --- BEE-L can be searched for items in a particular date range. The following message (To the LISTSERVER-not BEE-L) retrieves only the messages since January 1997. SEARCH formic acid IN bee-l SINCE Jan 1997 The capitals indicate commands which the LISTSERVER responds to and the small letters indicate the things that you specify. (Courtesy Don Aitken) ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 10 Jan 1998 23:51:07 -0800 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: wd6esz Subject: Queen Out?! At this time of year? In-Reply-To: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Premise: I had a late season accident and lost a queen in October. I since bought a mated queen from Kona Queen and thought everything was fine. Today I was out looking at the hive and saw an unusual color bee flying in for a landing. Upon further inspection, it was the QUEEN. I am in Southern California. Question: What was she doing out? And at this time of year? TIA, Rich ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 11 Jan 1998 08:13:48 -0500 Reply-To: emtee@citynet.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Mark Thomas Subject: Hive dimensions MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit I am new to beekeeping and have much to learn. I have been gathering information and have decided to build my own hardware(less frames). I have plans from two different sources, and the dimensions are slightly different. I want to use the standard dimension so if I ever purchase anything, it will fit. I'll be using 3/4" pine wood. Any help is appreciated. Mark T. ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 11 Jan 1998 11:12:00 -0600 Reply-To: lkrengel@mc.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Larry Krengel Subject: Yugo-Carnolian ARS-1 cross - a response MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="------------65C544B239E37AE4978E51B8" --------------65C544B239E37AE4978E51B8 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit >I have 4 hives of ARS YC-1. They are the friendliest, sweetest bees I've worked. I have used almost no smoke and only get stung if I do something really dumb. Friendliness aside, I have found them to be poor honey gatherers. My experience this last season was much the same. I keep 6 hives in my back yard. This year I ended up with three different sources for my queens - two traditional italian, two ARS YC-1, and two Buckfast. Although I noticed little difference in the friendliness factor, I noticed a great difference in the honey gathered. The Buckfast colonies did significantly better. Of the italians, one did well (an overwintered queen)... one did ok. The ARS YC-1 queens produced only a minimal surplus. This is far form a scientific study, but all hives were in the same apiary and the order was somewhat randomized. Last fall, I replaced the ARS queens with Buckfast. I look forward to a better crop next year. Larry Krengel Marengo, IL USA "Home of Dr. C. C. Miller" --------------65C544B239E37AE4978E51B8 Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit >I have 4 hives of ARS YC-1. They are the friendliest, sweetest bees I've
worked. I have used almost no smoke and only get stung if I do something
really dumb. Friendliness aside, I have found them to be poor honey
gatherers.

My experience this last season was much the same.  I keep 6 hives in my back yard.  This year I ended up with three different sources for my queens - two traditional italian, two ARS YC-1, and two Buckfast.  Although I noticed little difference in the friendliness factor, I noticed a great difference in the honey gathered.  The Buckfast colonies did significantly better.  Of the italians, one did well (an overwintered queen)... one did ok.  The ARS YC-1 queens produced only a minimal surplus.

This is far form a scientific study, but all hives were in the same apiary and the order was somewhat randomized.  Last fall, I replaced the ARS queens with Buckfast.  I look forward to a better crop next year.

Larry Krengel
Marengo, IL  USA
"Home of Dr. C. C. Miller" --------------65C544B239E37AE4978E51B8-- ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 11 Jan 1998 12:41:07 -0500 Reply-To: dronebee@norfolk.infi.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "\\Dr. Pedro P. Rodriguez" Organization: Independent non-profit research Subject: Re: Queen Out?! At this time of year? MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Hi Rich. Score one more to El Nino! Best regards. Dr. R. ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 11 Jan 1998 22:52:40 GMT+0200 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Garth Organization: Rhodes University South Africa Subject: Are short sighted bees easier to work with?? Hi All Today I worked through my best hives, (peaceful ones) and noticed the bees were pretty stupid in their asumtions - eg thinking often that I was the beehive because I was wearing a white tee shirt and dark shorts, and trying to find a hive entrance near my pants (potential ouch factor there). Aggressive hives in a nearby apiary do not have this problem, and never make mistakes like that. So that led me to think that maybe I am breeding for short sighted bees and not gentle tempered bees at all. They just don't realise that that big pink arm and face are mixing up their lives because they can't see very far? And maybe the angry bees follow me and attack me unprovoked because they have good sight? Has anybody ever done an work on bees eyesight? (considering that a hive is basically the offspring of about 20 individuals mixied with one individuals genes, if lots of these bees in the ratio need sight enhancers, then maybe one could get a technically short sighted hive??) Just a thought. Keep well Garth --- Garth Cambray Camdini Apiaries 15 Park Road Apis melifera capensis Grahamstown 800mm annual precipitation 6139 Eastern Cape South Africa Phone 27-0461-311663 On holiday for a few months Rhodes University Which means: working with bees 15 hours a day! Interests: Fliis and bees Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this post in no way reflect those of Rhodes University. ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 11 Jan 1998 16:03:48 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Eric Abell Subject: Re: from the end of the world!! Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" At 10:34 AM 07/01/98 -0600, you wrote: >From: Rossy Castillo >To: BEE-L@CNSIBM.ALBANY.EDU > >Hi : My name is Rossy Castillo and I'm queen breeder . I produced and >exported package bees from Chile to Spain succesfully. I live in Olmui , a >litlle village in the V Regisn of Chile, South Amirica. In my country we >have few bee diseases. We have nosema,EFB and varroa. We have no other >mites and nor AFB. We have no africans bees. Questions will be welcome. I hate you. Eric Abell Gibbons, Alberta Canada T0A 1N0 Ph/fax (403) 998 3143 eabell@compusmart.ab.ca ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 11 Jan 1998 16:03:49 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Eric Abell Subject: Re: bees remember Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" At 10:34 AM 07/01/98 -0600, you wrote: >Reply-to: Discussion of Bee Biology >From: Bill Bartlett About moving bees a short distance. I was required to move a yard about 50 metres down a fence line one year. There were 40 colonies on 10 pallets and it was in August. In the middle of the day I moved them but kept them in the same position relative to each other. The bees were in full flight at the time. When I finished there was a lot of flight over the old site but with in about 30 minutes that stopped - no clusters on the ground and flight in an out of the colinies appeared to return to normal. I have made similar moves on 10 - 20 mtres and found the same results. I suspect it may be different if the bees have significant markers like buildings. > >> At that time I noticed about 50-100 bees from this hive at the old hive >> location looking for the entrnace that was now 15 feet to the South. >> Over 8 weeks and these ladies still remembered! How long will >> "confined" bees remember the previous hive location? > >I took an observation hive to the county fair 10 miles away. They were there >for 6 days. When I brought them back home, I put them in a different >location thinking they had been away long enough. The new location was about >15 feet away. The field bees (I assume) went back to the old location. About >a third of the bees. I scooped them up and dumped them in front of the >observation hive and most, but not all went back into the hive. > >I bet someone out there has more info on this or at least more stories. > >billy bee > Eric Abell Gibbons, Alberta Canada T0A 1N0 Ph/fax (403) 998 3143 eabell@compusmart.ab.ca ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 11 Jan 1998 18:14:01 -0500 Reply-To: dronebee@norfolk.infi.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "\\Dr. Pedro P. Rodriguez" Organization: Independent non-profit research Subject: Re: from the end of the world!! MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Hi Eric. I wonder if you meant to say, "I envy you." Have a nice day. Best regards. Dr. Rodriguez Virginia Beach, VA ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 11 Jan 1998 18:34:02 -0500 Reply-To: dronebee@norfolk.infi.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "\\Dr. Pedro P. Rodriguez" Organization: Independent non-profit research Subject: Re: Varroa mites and resistance MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Hi Dr. Inouye. I am very much interested on this subject also. Could you please share with if you do get information on you personal e-mail address. I suppose that there will be a lot people responding to your quest, however I think that some of them might reply to your personal e-mail box. I will definitely let you know if I do receive any positive answer. Sharing information will keep us from duplicating our efforts. Sincerely. Dr. Pedro Rodriguez Virginia Beach, VA ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 11 Jan 1998 15:41:27 -0800 Reply-To: lpeabody@lightspeed.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: linda peabody Organization: none Subject: no blossom? MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit well this is the first time asking a question so here goes? if i have a place to store bees when there is not blossoms would there be anyone in beekeeping be interstated in storing there bees on my place and what would or should i charge? ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 11 Jan 1998 17:56:37 -0600 Reply-To: rcanaday@ionet.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Roy Canaday Subject: Re: no blossom? MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Perhaps a share of the honey (not) produced would be fair... ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 11 Jan 1998 19:47:18 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: BStan08628 Organization: AOL (http://www.aol.com) Subject: Re: bees remember Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit Out of sheer ignorance we moved a hive about 30 ft. across the backyard to a better location. The bees didn't think so. Hundreds and hundreds stayed at the original sight, even overnight. We scooped them up and brought them to the new site. They flew back. We even vacuumed up some because so many insisted on staying. They flew back. Since there were so many, we decided that if we couldn't beat them, split the hive. So we put down a new hive. By the hundreds they were marching in the entrance even before I could put the frames in. We took two frames from the very productive first hive, still at the new location, and placed them, along with the bees on them (since they were all from the same "family" anyway), and waited. Within a few days they had built up queen cells, reared their own queen, and by fall (it was already late June), it was a thriving hive which even produced a few pounds of extra honey and is still well to this day. Because we were so new to all of this, we had not known how to go about splitting a hive and had not wanted to since the original hive had been from a swarm that we caught from our very first colony from the year before. So we learned from our mistakes and even ended up benefiting, although I would not recommend making the same mistakes we did because it could have turned out very badly too! Bev in NJ (USA) ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 11 Jan 1998 19:52:24 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: BStan08628 Organization: AOL (http://www.aol.com) Subject: Re: from the end of the world!! Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit Dear Eric: Why did you say that? If you were kidding, it wasn't funny. You have to understand that when we converse in this cross-cultural setting, it is easy to say something in jest and have it taken very literally, resulting in hurt feelings and a general lack of peace. We don't need that here. Please be nice. Bev ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 11 Jan 1998 21:23:46 -0600 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Robert Barnett Subject: Re: Are short sighted bees easier to work with?? Mime-version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit ---------- > From: Garth > To: BEE-L@CNSIBM.ALBANY.EDU > Subject: Are short sighted bees easier to work with?? > Date: Sun, 11 Jan 1998 22:52:40 GMT+0200 > > Subject: Are short sighted bees easier to work with?? Hello Garth: Your query suggests that perhaps the point that honey bees are insects possessing "compound eyes" (and about 3 additional simpler light receptors) means in short that their sight is tragically short in quality, as compared to most higher species. If YOUR sight, Garth, was no better the the bee's sight, you would be legally blind; color perceptions are limited somewhat and you are probably correct to judge that they probably cannot tell the difference between your white shorts and the white hive, though there are enough visual flags recognisable near the hive to help guide them in; they see almost every thing mainly as fairly coarse patterns. There are some references available, and if you will look in the Rhodes University library, you might find an interesting book entitled "The Honey Bee" by James L. and Carol Grant Gould, Copyright 1988 by Scientific American Library. Here you will find some 30 pages (157-185) devoted to "Flower Learning", describing in some detail, and some of the mechanics of how the bees "see". (Everyone may refrain from writing in to tell me that these authors (erroneously?) also spend a lot of time pursueing either true or false perceptions of honeybee navigation, communication, and dance language.....though pro or con, this is also an interesting concept to say the least) There are doubtless other sources of insect compound eye vison in your library availble there as well. My typing is just too slow, and the information too great for me to undertake the required discussion here! Good luck! Bob Barnett, Birmingham, Alabama. ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 00:27:05 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Midnitebee Subject: Fluvalinate effectiveness? MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0032_01BD1EF0.CF554C20" This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0032_01BD1EF0.CF554C20 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Greetings! I have received the following information..I emailed the original = sender,asking where he obtained this article...have not had a = response...can anyone on the list make a comment ? -------------------------------------------------------------------------= ----------------------------------------------- I have read that there has been some doubt about the effectiveness of = Fluvalinate against the Varroa mite in bees. Could this possibly have = anything to do with the fact that Fluvalinate breaks down very quickly and therefore loses its = effectiveness before the beekeepers get around to using it. How long can = Fluvalinate be stored before it is used. I read that in 20 days there is a 20-fold decrease in the = amount of undergraded fluvalinate present in any given sample. Holly-B Apiary P.O.Box 26 Wells,Maine 04090-0026 www.cybertours.com/~midnitebee ------=_NextPart_000_0032_01BD1EF0.CF554C20 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Greetings!
I have = received the=20 following information..I emailed the original  sender,asking where = he=20 obtained this article...have not had a response...can anyone on the list = make a=20 comment ?
----------------------------------------------------------------= --------------------------------------------------------
 
I have read that there has been some = doubt about=20 the effectiveness of Fluvalinate against the Varroa mite in bees. Could = this=20 possibly have anything to do with the fact
 that Fluvalinate = breaks down=20 very quickly and therefore loses its effectiveness before the beekeepers = get=20 around to using it. How long can Fluvalinate be stored before = it
 is=20 used. I read that in 20 days there is a 20-fold decrease in the amount = of=20 undergraded  fluvalinate present in any given = sample.
 Holly-B Apiary
P.O.Box 26
Wells,Maine=20 04090-0026
www.cybertours.com/~midnit= ebee
------=_NextPart_000_0032_01BD1EF0.CF554C20-- ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 10:21:19 +0000 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "A.Piercy" Subject: Re: Automation in Beekeeping MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT re:assistance with lugging hives around, Thornes do what is basically a sack barrow for carrying hives. This can be used vertically or can be laid horizontally on the ground and used as a "tug truck" as their sales literature calls it. I fancy buying one, as I work on my own, and the physical effort of just a few hives is considerable. I was talking to a bee farmer (age 73) who manages 750 stocks with his son, and his solution is to take the body off an ordinary wheelbarrow, and replace it with a flat wooden platform. Hives are held on the platform with a length of rope, and this seems satisfactory. best wishes, Andrew Piercy. ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 10:36:13 +0000 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "A.Piercy" Subject: Re: bees in lit (fwd) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT There is a character in Lord of the Rings who was a beekeeper. He was able to talk to them, and they were unusually large. Unfortunately, Beorn, as he was called ended up stuck full of orc arrows. (No mention is made of what happened to the bees.) Another famous bee keeper, in sofar as his signature was on a few million bank notes, was the last governor of the bank of England, who used to keep a hive or two on the roof of the Bank of England, in the very built up old City of London. Still thinking about classical sources. Andrew ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 12:16:03 +0000 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "A.Piercy" Subject: Re: Styrofoam hive bodies MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Thornes' of Wragby, near Lincoln U.K., sell Apidea mini nucs, which are made of some kind of expanded polystyrene. Thornes have their own website, so you could look up prices and so on direct. Apidea originate in Switzerland. I talked to a bloke who had 100 for his own queen rearing unit, and he was very happy with them. He said you fill a bucket with nurse bees from several hives and then dose each mini nuc. with two or three hundred workers, leave them shut up in a cool place for a couple of days, and then introduce the queen cells. There is a chamber inside which can be filled with sugar syrup or candy for feeding the workers. Of course I've met others who disagree entirely and would opt for a larger size of nuc. A breton beekeeper in the local press built his own mininucs rather bigger thasn the apidea, as he had a few failures with the apidea and considered them too small. My informant with 100 of them was in the south of England, so temperature may be a critical factor. ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 11:59:21 +0000 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "A.Piercy" Subject: Re: Records of Apis mellifera to Brazil MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT I understand the early imports of Apis mellifera were via spanish traders. These were badly suited to tropical conditions and failed to make use of different patterns of nectar flow. There are a number of important plants which have nectar flows before dawn, and the spanish origin bees wouldn't be up and about until it was light, hence the later imports of africanised bees which eveolved in a similarly tropical part of the world. I would have thought first imports of Apis m. would have been in the late 1700s, early 1800s. Andrew. ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 13:19:08 +0100 Reply-To: pierre.collaudin@wanadoo.fr Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "pierre Collaudin." Subject: Re: Fluvalinate effectiveness? MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0011_01BD1F5C.AA074F60" Message en plusieurs parties et au format MIME. ------=_NextPart_000_0011_01BD1F5C.AA074F60 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable 4 dadants 10 f 1996 burgundy ( France) I use apivar ( amitraze) in my dadant 8 weeks ( 11 august to 4 = october) against varroas because in france varroas are resistant to = apistan (fluvalinate) but in november I test the efficacy with = fluvalinate and I found many hundred varroas which were dead=20 I think that I must find an other cure , do you use formic acid? ------=_NextPart_000_0011_01BD1F5C.AA074F60 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
 
4 dadants 10 f 1996 = burgundy (=20 France)
I use apivar ( = amitraze) in my=20 dadant 8 weeks ( 11 august to 4 october) against varroas because in = france=20 varroas are resistant to apistan (fluvalinate) but in november I = test the=20 efficacy with fluvalinate and I found many hundred varroas which = were dead=20
I think that I must = find an other=20 cure , do you use formic = acid?
------=_NextPart_000_0011_01BD1F5C.AA074F60-- ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 11:59:26 GMT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Computer Software Solutions Ltd Subject: From the end of the world Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Eric - using the word hate in this discussion forum as you have used it is not acceptable. It may have been done jocosely but this may not be evident to a contributor whose first language is not English or American English. Well done Bev for responding to it. Is there no moderator on this list who will trap should postings?. Sincerely Tom Barrett ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 07:10:42 -0800 Reply-To: jones4u@ibm.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Steve Jones Subject: Re: Yugo-Carnolian ARS-1 cross MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit > If there any of you out there that have ars yc-1 bees please write to > bee-l and tell us your experience it would be nice to know, also tell > us your location. I ordered and installed 3 Yugo's this past spring. All 3 came out of the cage okay but were quickly supersedured. Don't know why. I have heard other beekeepers here in central Massachusetts had the same problem. Steve Jones West Brookfield, MA ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 09:14:26 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Ralph W. Harrison" Subject: Bees In Literature Greetings All, "Natural Order" a novel by Jonathan Penner (ISBN 0-671-66423-9) is a story about a beekeeper struggling to save a family buisiness. His love and loyalty are split between his wife and former wife. His son has entered a cult group led by a malevolent gru. By this book was given to me by my wife about 7 years ago. As it turns out Jonathan Penner the author, was my literature instructor at Housatonic Community College here in Connecticut in the late 60's. (when she purchased the book she didn't know this). If anyone had told me back then that I would become a beekeeper (I didn't take up beekeping until 1985) and come to love bees I would have told them that they were crazy. I find it amazing the way certain events in our lives are intertwined. Ralph Harrison Western CT Beekeepers Association Milford, CT USA ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 23:35:55 -0800 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Chang-geun, Kim" Organization: SAMSUNG DATA SYSTEMS Subject: Honey drying Documents MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Happy to make a posting to BEE-L for the first time. I'm not a beekeeper but requested from my hometown beekeepers in South Korea to improve their honey quality. I have majored in Food Science & Technology. At my hometown's processing factory, I've found that their honey is being heated in the tank for a too long time (3-4 days) at 40 degrees Centigrade. The purpose is to float a debris such as the beeswax and dry the honey. Is there anyone to help me to find out the references for honey drying, for example, Saskatchewan Study and Honey Drying Apparatus(Bert Kelly's methods). Sincerely yours, Chang-geun, Kim / Seoul, South Korea Phone : +82-2-3445-0723 Fax : +82-2-542-1061 E-mail: neuggim@users.unitel.co.kr ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 10:45:58 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jerry J Bromenshenk Subject: Re: bees remember In-Reply-To: <199801112303.QAA00174@bernie.compusmart.ab.ca> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" At 04:03 PM 1/11/98 -0700, you wrote: >At 10:34 AM 07/01/98 -0600, you wrote: >>Reply-to: Discussion of Bee Biology >>From: Bill Bartlett This approach could lead to a real problem - bees seem to be able to find a point in space with little or no local reference that is obvious to a human observer. In the early 1980's, we used lots of test hives mounted on long stands. Three hives stood on one end of the stand, three on the other. XXX___________________XXX Hives Hives At one site, the bees were on a grassy lawn with a hedge parallel to the hives. We had two of these stands about 60 ft (20 m) apart. Due to the position of the hedge, the stand on the right was in the shade longer than the stand on the left. xxx__________________XXX < 60 ft> XXX_________________XXX Because of the shading from the hedge at sunrise, the bees on the right went to work later in the day than those on the left. Also, the stands were in front of a very long hedge. So we assumed we could just move the right hand stand a bit forward and to one side - the bees would never know. XXX__________________XXX XXX________________XXX 123 456 We checked the hives 24 hrs later. Hives 1, 2, and 3 had only the queen and a small bee population. Hives 4,5, and 6 were overflowing with bees. Because hives 4,5,and 6 were closer to the original position than hives 1,2, and 3 the forager bees joined up with the hives closest to their original position. The two stands were still almost 60 ft apart. The whole move was only a matter of a few feet. We assumed that the grouping of hives in the absence of other landmarks would be sufficient to orient the hives - or - that the hive odor would guide them to their proper homes. Not so! Cheers Jerry > >About moving bees a short distance. I was required to move a yard about 50 >metres down a fence line one year. There were 40 colonies on 10 pallets and >it was in August. In the middle of the day I moved them but kept them in >the same position relative to each other. The bees were in full flight at >the time. When I finished there was a lot of flight over the old site but >with in about 30 minutes that stopped - no clusters on the ground and flight >in an out of the colinies appeared to return to normal. > >I have made similar moves on 10 - 20 mtres and found the same results. I >suspect it may be different if the bees have significant markers like buildings. > > >> >>> At that time I noticed about 50-100 bees from this hive at the old hive >>> location looking for the entrnace that was now 15 feet to the South. >>> Over 8 weeks and these ladies still remembered! How long will >>> "confined" bees remember the previous hive location? >> >>I took an observation hive to the county fair 10 miles away. They were there >>for 6 days. When I brought them back home, I put them in a different >>location thinking they had been away long enough. The new location was about >>15 feet away. The field bees (I assume) went back to the old location. About >>a third of the bees. I scooped them up and dumped them in front of the >>observation hive and most, but not all went back into the hive. >> >>I bet someone out there has more info on this or at least more stories. >> >>billy bee >> >Eric Abell >Gibbons, Alberta Canada T0A 1N0 >Ph/fax (403) 998 3143 >eabell@compusmart.ab.ca > > Jerry J. Bromenshenk, Ph.D. Director, DOE/EPSCoR & Montana Organization for Research in Energy The University of Montana-Missoula Missoula, MT 59812-1002 E-Mail: jjbmail@selway.umt.edu Tel: 406-243-5648 Fax: 406-243-4184 ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 08:13:13 -0800 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Kerry Clark of AGF 784-2225 fax (604) 784 2299" Subject: Re: Varroa mites and resistance MIME-version: 1.0 Content-type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII The earliest papers documenting varroa mites tolerant to fluvalinate were in Italian. They are in the reference list of a review paper in English: Watkins, Max. 1996. Resistance and its relevance to beekeeping. Bee World 77(4) 15 - 22. I don't know of published references, but varroa resistant to amitraz and (from a different area) coumaphos are reported to have been detected in Europe. Kerry Clark, Apiculture Specialist B.C. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food 1201 103 Ave Dawson Creek B.C. V1G 4J2 CANADA Tel (250) 784-2231 fax (250) 784-2299 INTERNET kclark@galaxy.gov.bc.ca ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 11:40:53 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Ian Watson Subject: Re: From the end of the world MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Hello all The previous sender quoted below evidently forgot to add the phrase "in my opinion" after he said: >Eric - using the word hate in this discussion forum as you have used it is >not acceptable In my opinion, there was nothing wrong with Eric's post. It was obviously a joke. Let the flames fly...;) Ian Watson realtor@niagara.com real estate agent gardener baritone beekeeper---> 11 colonies and counting ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 00:17:29 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Al Needham Subject: Re: From the end of the world On Mon, 12 Jan 1998 11:59:26 GMT Computer Software Solutions Ltd writes: >Eric - using the word hate in this discussion forum as you have used it is not acceptable. It may have been done jocosely but this may not be evident< As my friend, "The Grump From The North-- :-)" periodically reminds folks, there is always the alternative "Best Of BEE-L" which is moderated (for relevant content). Eric's error (?) here was quite simple. He forgot to put a smiley in there after the word 'hate' I think that is generally acceptable on the net to mean that the word 'hate' was not meant to be taken literally. I did not have any problem with what he meant. The Monitor question has been discussed here many times before, and the answer always works out to be 'Let freedom reign'. It would be impossible to monitor because everyone's parameters as to what is or is not acceptable differs too widely. Much worse has crossed these wires in the past. Also, as has been repeated here many times, there is always the 'delete button'. Al............ :-) ----------------------------------------------------------- <"Mailto: awneedham@juno.com" > Scituate,Massachusetts,USA The Beehive- Educational Honey Bee Site http://www.xensei.com/users/alwine/ ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 10:08:42 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Eric Abell Subject: Re: Automation in beekeeping (?) Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" I was going to suggest that you modify your scale device to hook onto the front only and calclate the weight from there ... then I see you don't want to do that. It would be interesting if you would weigh a number of colonies in your normal fashion followed be a weighing by lifting the front only. The degree of error would be most interesting. I suggest that it will not be great and that the ease of operation might outweight any potential error. Another thought occurs to me .. that is, I don't really need to know the precise weight of the hive because I don't know the weight that I must have to go into winter. In my view, there are so many variables and so much conjecture going on that a small error in hive weight is on no importance. But maybe I am just lazy :-) >Rex - I have one for you. I weigh each colony in the fall, to determine how >much hfcs to feed out. I use a metal bar with a hook welded on it. The hook >holds the spring scale. Attatched to the bottom of the scale are two arms >that grab the hand holes on the hive front and back. Trouble is - 1. it takes >two people to weigh each hive, 2. after 1000 colonies, my arms and shoulders >are dead. > >Would love an easier way. Something one person could handle. Something easy >to use, set up, take down, and transport. I don't want to weigh 1/2 of the >hive at a time, and then take an average. I want the real weight. I find >that by weighing each hive, I can feed just what they need. No waste, no >underfeeding. Mike > > Eric Abell Gibbons, Alberta Canada T0A 1N0 Ph/fax (403) 998 3143 eabell@compusmart.ab.ca ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 13:15:05 -0500 Reply-To: mpalmer@together.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Michael Palmer Organization: French Hill Apiaries Subject: Re: Automation in beekeeping (?) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit I've found that a colony with bees, but no honey weighs 65-70 lbs. Imake my doubles weigh 140 lbs, and 150 if there is a super on. I have very little starvation in Northern Vermont at these weights, and still have to feed 10% or so in the spring. I feed hfcs in October if the colonies don't weigh up. One gallon of feed for every 10 lbs underweight. I like feeding in early October because brood rearing has just stopped, and it is still warm enough for the bees to take down the syrup. Eric Abell wrote: > I was going to suggest that you modify your scale device to hook onto the > front only and calclate the weight from there ... then I see you don't want > to do that. It would be interesting if you would weigh a number of colonies > in your normal fashion followed be a weighing by lifting the front only. > The degree of error would be most interesting. I suggest that it will not > be great and that the ease of operation might outweight any potential error. > > Another thought occurs to me .. that is, I don't really need to know the > precise weight of the hive because I don't know the weight that I must have > to go into winter. In my view, there are so many variables and so much > conjecture going on that a small error in hive weight is on no importance. > But maybe I am just lazy :-) > > >Rex - I have one for you. I weigh each colony in the fall, to determine how > >much hfcs to feed out. I use a metal bar with a hook welded on it. The hook > >holds the spring scale. Attatched to the bottom of the scale are two arms > >that grab the hand holes on the hive front and back. Trouble is - 1. it takes > >two people to weigh each hive, 2. after 1000 colonies, my arms and shoulders > >are dead. > > > >Would love an easier way. Something one person could handle. Something easy > >to use, set up, take down, and transport. I don't want to weigh 1/2 of the > >hive at a time, and then take an average. I want the real weight. I find > >that by weighing each hive, I can feed just what they need. No waste, no > >underfeeding. Mike > > > > > Eric Abell > Gibbons, Alberta Canada T0A 1N0 > Ph/fax (403) 998 3143 > eabell@compusmart.ab.ca ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 13:20:21 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Robert Watson Subject: Re: From the end of the world In-Reply-To: <19980112.001949.3614.3.awneedham@juno.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII I hate it when people tell me what I can or cannot say. I also hate using a veil and gloves, but must do so when the occasion demands, since I hat getting stung. oops better add a smiley.... :-) ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 13:33:25 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Aaron Morris Subject: Varroa mites and resistence MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7BIT David W. Inouye seeks: "reference that might document the appearance of resistance by Varroa mites to chemicals used by beekeepers..." Best bet I know of is Tom Sanford's APIS newsletter. Surf to: http://www.ifas.ufl.edu/~mts/apishtm/apis.htm You will find plenty of references and cross references. Tom's site is about the best going IMHO. Aaron Morris - I think, therefore I bee! ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 15:36:23 +0300 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Carlos Aparicio Subject: Re: from the end of the world!! Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" I didn't see that way. The post was (in my point of view) a bit of good humour. Carlos Aparicio At 07:52 PM 11/01/1998 EST, BStan08628 wrote: >Dear Eric: > >Why did you say that? If you were kidding, it wasn't funny. You have to >understand that when we converse in this cross-cultural setting, it is easy to >say something in jest and have it taken very literally, resulting in hurt >feelings and a general lack of peace. We don't need that here. Please be >nice. Bev > > ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 13:35:20 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Aaron Morris Subject: Why bother? MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7BIT Somebody hates somebody and lots of somebodies hate others who who don't use smileys and isn't there a list moderator to catch these posts in the first place!?! Well no there is no formal moderator. However the list IS self moderated. After all, didn't the first hate poster get called on his hate message (which most recognized as a joke) but COULD legitimately have been misconstrued as a REAL hate message by subscribers from a non-US culture, some of whom thankfully have the sensitivity to recogonize the possibility that hate doesn't always mean hate but sometimes means hate? BLAH, BLAH, BLAH, BLAH, BLAH! Hopefully, eventually this list will mature to the point that when someone posts something not worthy of comment that we will refrain from wasting the bandwidth to do so! Aaron Morris - thinking this'll waste a lot more bandwidth! ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 14:45:01 -0800 Reply-To: gclewis@penn.com Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Gary C. Lewis" Subject: Where did my bees go? MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; name="BEESGONE.TXT" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Hello All, I have been keeping bees for about 9 years now. Due to moving to Pennsylvania from Rhode Island and the birth of a son, my hives have been sitting empty for about 2 1/2 years. Last spring I started over with packaged bees and queens, just two hives. Both hives seemed to be doing fine, I had to feed syrup until they got things going on their own. Checking the hives regularly everything appeared to be normal. Comb was being drawn pollen was coming in the young queens were starting to lay. The bee inspector for my area of Pennsylvania came by checked the hives found 1 mite on a drone in one hive only. Very happy about that. Now. Both hives were cared for in the same way fed the same syrup. Both hives were at about the same stages of building and egg laying. I left the hives alone for about 2 weeks. Went down to check them and one hive was empty. No bees, no dead bees, nothing. This was a full size hive body with 10 frames, lots of room. The hives had not been disturbed by anyone or anything. So where did my bees go? I would guess that they swarmed or were taken by a UFO. Swarming seems more likely. Why would they swarm with room to expand within the hive? I have never had a swarm even when I was a bit behind in getting a new body on a over flowing hive. I usally go with a two body hive and add a third or fourth as needed for my honey when the hives are up to a good population, 60,00 - 80,00 or so. If anyone could answer why the bees would swarm under the above conditions I would like to hear what I might have done wrong. Thank you for your time. Gary C. Lewis Duke Center, Pa, U.S.of A. ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 04:12:26 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Al Needham Subject: Re: Where did my bees go? On Mon, 12 Jan 1998 14:45:01 -0800 "Gary C. Lewis" writes: >So where did my bees go? Same thing happened to me a couple of years ago. If I am not mistaken, perhaps it was tracheal mites ? I think that forces them all out seeking adequate air ?? I am sure that you will hear more from others. Would appreciate comment on the above reaction to T-mites. Al, ----------------------------------------------------------- <"Mailto: awneedham@juno.com" > Scituate,Massachusetts,USA The Beehive- Educational Honey Bee Site http://www.xensei.com/users/alwine/ > > I would guess that they swarmed or were taken by a UFO. Swarming > >seems more likely. Why would they swarm with room to expand within the > >hive? I have never had a swarm even when I was a bit behind in getting >a > >new body on a over flowing hive. > > I usally go with a two body hive and add a third or fourth as >needed > >for my honey when the hives are up to a good population, 60,00 - 80,00 > >or so. > > If anyone could answer why the bees would swarm under the above > >conditions I would like to hear what I might have done wrong. > > > > > > > >Thank you for your time. > > > >Gary C. Lewis > >Duke Center, Pa, U.S.of A. > ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 17:12:44 +0000 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Richard Bonney Subject: Travels to England MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Two of my beekeepers friends are going to England in late spring or early summer. They will be visiting friends in London and on the Sussex coast, and then their schedule is open. They would like suggestions of places of beekeeping interest in England or Wales that they could visit. Any suggestions? Please let me know and I'll relay. They are not yet on the internet. Dick Bonney rebonney@javanet.com ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 17:42:58 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Joel Govostes Subject: Re: from the end of the world!! In-Reply-To: <199801112303.QAA00169@bernie.compusmart.ab.ca> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" No AHB's in Chile? Why not -- terrain? altitude? Wonder what the AHB distribution in SA looks like currently, or if it might suggest what the eventual distribution would be in NA. ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 17:47:19 -0400 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Joel Govostes Subject: Warm January and blossoms In-Reply-To: <34BA4F09.2354@javanet.com> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Someone mentioned to me that there were some early blossoms due to the warm spell in the mid-Atlantic USA last week. Something about dogwoods blooming in Wash. DC area. Can anyone comment on this? How extensive were the effects of the temp., and might there be a poor fruit bloom after this winter disturbance? ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 17:53:35 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Dyan Buffa Subject: Re: Warm January and blossoms MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit I believe it was fall flowering Cherry Blossoms. They say that it won't effect our Cherry Blossom Season here in DC. -----Original Message----- From: Joel Govostes To: BEE-L@CNSIBM.ALBANY.EDU Date: Monday, January 12, 1998 5:49 PM Subject: Warm January and blossoms >Someone mentioned to me that there were some early blossoms due to the warm >spell in the mid-Atlantic USA last week. Something about dogwoods blooming >in Wash. DC area. Can anyone comment on this? How extensive were the >effects of the temp., and might there be a poor fruit bloom after this >winter disturbance? > ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 18:48:34 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: WGMiller Organization: AOL (http://www.aol.com) Subject: Re: Warm January and blossoms Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit As one who keeps bees just outside Washington, DC, I can tell you that I didn't observe any blossoms during the recent warm spell. I did observe bud break on Rosa multifora and blackberry, but even that didn't get very far. Bees were flying, and I took advantage of the weather to look in on my colonies. Most had a few square inches of brood. W. G. Miller Gaithersburg, MD ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 19:19:46 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Jeffrey R. Hills" Subject: Re: From the end of the world MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit I wasn't going to say anything about this, but having read the second of two messages about the nasty thing that Eric said, I can't stop myself. I say "BIG DEAL!" Jeff Hills Al Needham wrote: > On Mon, 12 Jan 1998 11:59:26 GMT Computer Software Solutions Ltd > writes: > > >Eric - using the word hate in this discussion forum as you have used it > is not acceptable. It may have been done jocosely but this may not be > evident< > > As my friend, "The Grump From The North-- :-)" periodically > reminds folks, there is always the alternative "Best Of BEE-L" > which is moderated (for relevant content). > > Eric's error (?) here was quite simple. He forgot to put a > smiley in there after the word 'hate' I think that is generally > acceptable on the net to mean that the word 'hate' was not > meant to be taken literally. I did not have any problem with > what he meant. > > The Monitor question has been discussed here many times > before, and the answer always works out to be 'Let freedom > reign'. It would be impossible to monitor because everyone's parameters > as to what is or is not acceptable differs too widely. > > Much worse has crossed these wires in the past. > > Also, as has been repeated here many times, there is always > the 'delete button'. > > Al............ :-) > ----------------------------------------------------------- > <"Mailto: awneedham@juno.com" > > Scituate,Massachusetts,USA > The Beehive- Educational Honey Bee Site > http://www.xensei.com/users/alwine/ ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 19:26:28 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Jeffrey R. Hills" Subject: Re: Why bother? MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Attaboy Aaron. What a bunch of self-righteous dinks. Jeff Hills ! @ ^^^ ** <> <>< <> {} )(*&^%$#@! ~~~~~ Aaron Morris wrote: > Somebody hates somebody and lots of somebodies hate others who who don't > use smileys and isn't there a list moderator to catch these posts in the > first place!?! > > Well no there is no formal moderator. However the list IS self > moderated. After all, didn't the first hate poster get called on his > hate message (which most recognized as a joke) but COULD legitimately > have been misconstrued as a REAL hate message by subscribers from a > non-US culture, some of whom thankfully have the sensitivity to > recogonize the possibility that hate doesn't always mean hate but > sometimes means hate? > > BLAH, BLAH, BLAH, BLAH, BLAH! > > Hopefully, eventually this list will mature to the point that when > someone posts something not worthy of comment that we will refrain > from wasting the bandwidth to do so! > > Aaron Morris - thinking this'll waste a lot more bandwidth! ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 17:35:20 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Donald Aitken Subject: Re: From the end of the world In-Reply-To: <34BAB322.59DB24EF@sover.net> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII I live about 30 miles from Eric Abel. It is currently -35 degrees C with a ten mile an hour wind. At this time of year we hate everybody who lives south of latitude 30N ! Donald Aitken 11710-129 Street Edmonton Alberta Canada T5M 0Y7 ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 08:42:52 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Al Needham Subject: Re: From the end of the world On Mon, 12 Jan 1998 19:19:46 -0500 "Jeffrey R. Hills" writes: >I wasn't going to say anything about this, but having read the second of two messages about the nasty thing that Eric said, I can't stop myself. I say "BIG DEAL!" >Jeff Hills Rev up the heat Jeff, it's going to be quite cold here tonight. Although not as cold as where Eric lives. Off season always brings out the best in us all ... :-) Al, ----------------------------------------------------------- <"Mailto: awneedham@juno.com" > Scituate,Massachusetts,USA ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 11 Jan 1998 20:41:47 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: David Verville Subject: Re: From the end of the world MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Donald Aitken wrote: > > I live about 30 miles from Eric Abel. It is currently -35 degrees C with a > ten mile an hour wind. At this time of year we hate everybody who lives > south of latitude 30N ! > > Donald Aitken > 11710-129 Street > Edmonton Alberta Canada > T5M 0Y7 You forgot to add the smiley face! :-) Super Dave ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 20:50:44 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Frank & Phronsie Humphrey Subject: Re: Warm January and blossoms MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Here In Chattanooga TN., dandelions have been blooming in protected areas. The bees have been bring in bright yellow pollen which suggest that they are working it. -----Original Message----- From: Joel Govostes To: BEE-L@CNSIBM.ALBANY.EDU Date: Monday, January 12, 1998 05:49 PM Subject: Warm January and blossoms >Someone mentioned to me that there were some early blossoms due to the warm >spell in the mid-Atlantic USA last week. Something about dogwoods blooming >in Wash. DC area. Can anyone comment on this? How extensive were the >effects of the temp., and might there be a poor fruit bloom after this >winter disturbance? > ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 11:15:23 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Al Needham Subject: Re: From the end of the world On Sun, 11 Jan 1998 20:41:47 -0500 David Verville writes: >Donald Aitken wrote: >You forgot to add the smiley face! :-) > >Super Dave Super Dave & Jrhill, et al: Was only trying to be helpful to some who took offense to Eric's message. I was not 'mandating' the use of smileys or any other idiotic symbol. Personally, I do not give a big D if anyone uses a smiley or the other end of the anatomy. I notice that the other end seems to be coming to the fore here. I have always been thankful that people from the other end exist, otherwise I would have no standards by which to judge myself. Al, ----------------------------------------------------------- <"Mailto: awneedham@juno.com" > Scituate,Massachusetts,USA ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 23:01:50 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: JLScogin Organization: AOL (http://www.aol.com) Subject: Re: From the end of the world Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit I am becoming weary of this dribble. We all know that various cultures have different word usage or, atleast, we should know such. Please stay on the subject of bees for us that are trying to learn from your wisdom and the information that you exchange. I, for one, do not understand the symbols used by the more enlightened computer users and the distinctions mean nothing to me. Bring on the double negatives, bring on the common language of the culture, bring on the discussion of bees!! ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 02:02:01 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: LJConnor Organization: AOL (http://www.aol.com) Subject: Re: Travels to England Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit Dick I'g going to ABF tomorrow and will take a copy of your note to Brian Sherriff. He may have some suggestions of things to do, people to visit. If successful I will get back to you. Larry ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 19:36:37 +1100 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Jill Saunders Subject: Fw: beeswax cleaning MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit ---------- > From: Jill Saunders > To: bee-l@cnsibm.albany > Subject: Fw: beeswax cleaning > Date: 12 January, 1998 7:33 > > > > ---------- > > From: Jill Saunders > > To: bee-l@cnsibm.albany.edu > > Subject: beeswax cleaning > > Date: 05 January, 1998 11:21 > > second posting of this message--is anybody out there????? > > Howdy Beekeepers Worldwide! > > I have a small business handmaking skincare products from Leatherwood > > Beeswax & Honey here in remote but incredibly beautiful Tasmania, > > Australia. I am seeking some help in finding a method of easily cleaning > > beeswax to the ULTRA-CLEAN standard needed for manufacture of cosmetic > > items. I currently heat the wax {about 14 kilos at a time!} with water, > > strain through a fine micron mesh, let it settle, & then begin a > laborious > > scrape-down session! This is becoming a totally unsatisfactory method, so > > aside from expensive{ I haven't made a million yet,ha,ha} stainless steel > > settling tanks....any ideas anyone??? I don't want to re-invent the > wheel, > > and imagine that you people must have had this figured for years! > > Also, i am always on the lookout for interesting, effective skincare > > recipes containing beeswax & honey. > > Lastly, i want to gain information on the history/folklore of > bees....which > > cultures hold them sacred etc...any suggested websites/books/phone or fax > > numbers? > > Thank you so much... I look forward to hearing from anyone that may be > able > > to help. > > Gratefully, Jill Saunders ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 10:44:00 +0100 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Krell, Rainer (REUS)" Subject: Re: Styrofoam MIME-version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; CHARSET=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT There are several Styrofoam hive types on the market in Europe (European equipment suppliers). As far as I know they are not the Langstroth standard. Nuke boxes made from Styrofoam are used regularly and at least in Italy are commonly used for selling/shipping nuclei. Rainer Krell, FAO/REUS Email: rainer.krell@fao.org ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 21:46:17 -0800 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Peter Barrett Subject: Re: Records of Apis mellifera to Brazil Comments: cc: queenbee@gil.com.au MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit T & M Weatherhead wrote: > > I was wondering if we have someone on Bee-L from Brazil who could tell me when Apis mellifera was first introduced to Brazil? > > If not someone from Brazil, is there anyone who can tell me or point me to a reference? > > Thanks. > > Trevor Weatherhead > AUSTRALIATrevor, first try my book "The Immigrant Bees 1788 to 1898". I suspect you have a copy. In it I have a reference from Eva Crane (1963, from The Hive and the Honey Bee, Dadant & Sons) dating their introduction to 1530. A Braziliam Nogueira-Neto in 1962 (see 'The Introduction of beekeeping to Brazil, Biol. Agric. S.Paulo (49:5-14)) dated their arrival to 1839. A book titled "A Naturalist in Brazil" (can't remember author or date) gives a rough date of 1840s, also that they arrived in Chile and Peru in 1857, quoting an author named Beck. Dr. Gerstaecker in an article in American Bee Journal (July 1866) "Geographical Distribution of the Honey-Bee and its varieties" gives the year as 1845. If anyone has access to this 1862 issue I would certainly like more details. Samuel Marsden brought bees to Australia from Rio in 1810. he left them out in the rain and they perished! Peter Barrett (down under beekeeping historian). ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 22:13:09 -0800 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Peter Barrett Subject: Re: bees in lit (fwd) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Malcolm (Tom) Sanford wrote: > > This has me stumped and so I am submitting it to the Bee-l and Entomo-L > Discussion list for a possible response. There was a thread some time back > on famous or prominent persons who were beekeepers. Sir Edmund Hilary and > Henry Fonda come to mind; Peter Fonda is being nominated for the Academy > Award this year for protraying a beekeeper in Ulee's Gold. The Roman Pliny > the Elder and some Greek and Roman personages were thought to be > beekeepers; Napolean's emperor's robe had honey bees on it, but I know of > no beekeepers as characters in classical literature or Greek or Roman > mythology. Perhaps someone else has more information. > > Tom Sanford > > >Date: Fri, 09 Jan 1998 13:59:15 -0800 > >From: Linda Prior > >To: mts@GNV.IFAS.UFL.EDU > >Subject: bees in lit > > > >I am doing a paper on beekeepers who appear as characters in literature > >(through the ages). Can you point me in a direction to find a few more > >characters to write about? > >Thanks, Linda Prior, Dept. of Lang. and Lit., Augusta State Univ. > >Augusta, GA 30904-2200 > >lprior@aug.edu > > > > > > > ========================================================================> Dr. Malcolm (Tom) Sanford Tel 352/392-1801 x 143 > Extension Apiculturist FAX 352/392-0190 > University of Florida E-mail: mts@gnv.ifas.ufl.edu > Bldg. 970, Box 110620 > Gainesville, FL 32611-0620 > ------------------------------------------------------------------------> Publisher of APIS on the web-- > http://www.ifas.ufl.edu/~mts/apishtm/apis.htm > To subscribe to the monthly newsletter as it comes out,send a message to > listserv@lists.ufl.edu > In the first line of the message body enter: > Subscribe Apis-L Your first name Your last name > ========================================================================The book Beekeeping in Antiquity by H. Malcolm Fraser (University of London Press, 1931 & 1951) should have all you need. Among others it covers Aristotle, Pliny, Virgil, Varro, Aelian, Theophrastus, Columella nd many more. The book is a delight to read. If you have specific questions I can look them up. Peter Barrett (aussie downunder) ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 22:20:48 -0800 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Peter Barrett Subject: Re: Travels to England MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit How about Richard Bonney wrote: > > Two of my beekeepers friends are going to England in late spring or > early summer. They will be visiting friends in London and on the Sussex > coast, and then their schedule is open. They would like suggestions of > places of beekeeping interest in England or Wales that they could visit. > Any suggestions? > > Please let me know and I'll relay. They are not yet on the internet. > > Dick Bonney > rebonney@javanet.comTry the International Bee Research Association in Cardiff (library & museum)in Wales or Buckfast Abbey of Br. Adam fame. Peter Barrett (aussie downunder) ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 11:39:53 +0000 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "A.Piercy" Subject: Re: Travels to England MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT There is a recently inaugurated bee research lab at Sheffield university, which may be of interest if they venture far North enough. andrew ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 07:34:15 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Walt Barricklow Subject: Re: From the end of the world MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit I was raised in Alaska, so know a bit about the winds of winter. I moved south, when I retired, so that I would not have to shovel snow, and keep bees, because they leave me little to shovel up behind them. I believe that those that take offense and can't tell when someone is making a joke, are only looking for some reason to be offended. Take care Spring is coming soon. freenet.edmonton.ab.ca> > Subject: Re: From the end of the world > Date: Monday, January 12, 1998 7:35 PM > > I live about 30 miles from Eric Abel. It is currently -35 degrees C with a > ten mile an hour wind. At this time of year we hate everybody who lives > south of latitude 30N ! > > Donald Aitken > 11710-129 Street > Edmonton Alberta Canada > T5M 0Y7 ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 07:19:00 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Aaron Morris Subject: Beekeeping in Puerto Rico? MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7BIT One of my beekeeper friends is going to Puerto Rico in February and his schedule is open. He would like suggestions of places of beekeeping interest on the island. Any suggestions? Please let me know and I'll relay. He is not yet on the internet. Aaron Morris sysam@cnsibm.albany.edu ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 07:55:21 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: AdamsHonCo Organization: AOL (http://www.aol.com) Subject: Re: Warm January and blossoms Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit The info I picked up about cherry blossoms was on Paul Harvey news, he said blossoms had been seen out. He was using it in a spot about odd weather across the U.S. I can tell you that in central Florida the red maple has been blooming since one week before christmas and carolina willow since Dec27, which puts everything about 15-18 days earlier than most years here. David Adams Ft. Meade Florida ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 08:32:41 +0000 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Richard Bonney Subject: Re: Travels to England MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Thanks, Larry ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 08:41:24 +0000 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Richard Bonney Subject: Re: Travels to England MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Thanks for your response. Dick Bonney ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 12 Jan 1998 14:20:58 -0500 Reply-To: beesbest@mediaone.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Kathy Hough Organization: Red Maple Farm Subject: Re: Queen Out?! At this time of year? MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Rich, It is my understanding that there are only three occasions in a queen honey bee's life that she'll fly outside the hive. For mating flights, in a swarm (with many other bees), and when absconding (with *all* the other bees). Since it sounds like from your posting that she was alone, it seems most likely that she was on a mating flight. Unless the Kona queen you introduced in October was marked and you clearly saw that marking on the queen that was re-entering the hive, I would bet that the queen that you saw entering the colony was a daughter of the queen you introduced in October. It seems unlikely that the queen that you installed in October, even if she was unmated when you introduced her would have waited until now to make her mating flights. It strikes me as much more likely that the bees found your fall queen to be deficient in some way and superceded her and you saw a young queen returning from a mating flight. It's my experience that supercedure of fall introduced queens is not that uncommon. On a few occasions we've needed to requeen in the fall and have observed that even a new queen with a quality laying pattern (nice and tight) has been superceded in the spring... my guess is that she can't produce sufficient quantity of eggs for spring build-up. I've heard a number of explanations for this, though I can see that some of them may or may not apply to LA or Hawaii. The first is that in the fall (here), the quantity/quality of incoming nectar and pollen coupled with dwindling numbers of young brood food producing workers (as the hive focus shifts from reproduction to winter survival) produce less robust queens. The second is that the weather (here) is rainy and cool and results in poorly mated queens. The third is that, in an effort to mitigate these negative effects of fall breeding (here), folks "bank" (hold in queen cages) spring bred and mated queens for introduction in the fall. This "banking" for very long causes the queen's viability to deteriorate (forget where I read that, but it made sense to me). The fourth reason is that there is a period of broodlessness (here) from about early October through early January which in effect "banks" that new young queen (though-i think- not as stressfully as caging does). I guess that's why buying fall queens is less expensive than spring queens. Anyway, I wouldn't worry about it too much so long as you are getting good weather for mating flights and have sufficient drones in the area to get the job done... Watch her brood pattern closely this spring tho.. sometimes the bees choose an older than ideal larvae and even if she's mated well, she may not perform sufficiently for honey surplus. On a side note: Anyone else on the list know who has studied the effect of preventing a newly mated queen from laying and whether anyone has compared that effect to to the same for a queen whose been laying for a period of time-say a season? Does it have as detrimental an effect as what i (vaguely) remember reading? For both newly mated and "seasoned" queens at the same rate?... My suspicion would be that the seasoned queen's body would experience the time as more of a rest and the newly mated queen's body would experience the time as frustrating a strong urge (look out!-she's gonna blow! :^)... though maybe the whole process isn't stressful at all if the egg-laying tapers off and tapers back up again (rather than the barrier/cage method of instant off/instant on). Kathy (who's going to going to do some reading this afternoon to see if she can find some of the answers to these questions..) wd6esz wrote: > Premise: > I had a late season accident and lost a queen in October. I > since > bought a mated queen from Kona Queen and thought everything was fine. > Today I was out looking at the hive and saw an unusual color bee > flying in > for a landing. Upon further inspection, it was the QUEEN. I am in > Southern California. > Question: > What was she doing out? And at this time of year? > > TIA, > > Rich ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 8 Jan 1998 12:23:19 -0600 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Don Moore Subject: ON LINE? Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" HOW DO GET ON LINE FOR BEE INFO? DON MOORE ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 10 Jan 1998 19:29:22 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Jeffrey R. Hills" Subject: UNSUBSCRIBE MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit I am getting BEE-L at my new address just fine. But I just checked this old address and find that my bemails are still coming to hillsvt@sover.net. Would like to unsubscribe from this address. Thanks. Jeff Hills ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 8 Jan 1998 10:34:35 -0500 Reply-To: dronebee@pilot.infi.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Dr. Pedro P. Rodriguez" Organization: InfiNet Subject: Re: Botulism (was: Chinese treatment) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Hi All: "The actual connection with honey > in any real cases is anecdotal and not solidly established." This statement is not exact. Botulism toxicity from honey has been well documented in medical literature, (The Lancet, for instance). It is a fact, that, we as beekeepers and honey processors must be well aware to protect honey from becoming contaminated. BUT, since one is not always certain that each and every individual that handles honey will maintain strict sanitary techniques, and because the culprit germs responsible for an illness outbreak may come from sources other than honey, being that botulism germs are common ground dwellers, it is incumbent upon responsible adults to remove that specter from honey by not feeding it to susceptible individuals; weak, debilitated, infants and senile individauls. It is just a very common sense practice in order to protect human health and our loved little creatures, honey bees. Best regards. Dr. Rodriguez Virginia Beach, VA ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 8 Jan 1998 09:33:11 -0500 Reply-To: dronebee@pilot.infi.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Dr. Pedro P. Rodriguez" Organization: InfiNet Subject: Re: cleaning bee stains MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Hi Chris. Try a strong dye. Good luck. Dr. Rodriguez Virginia BEach, VA ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 09:48:41 -0500 Reply-To: mpalmer@together.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Michael Palmer Organization: French Hill Apiaries Subject: Re: Warm January and blossoms MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit I wonder if Florida is like Vermont. Doesn't seem to matter when the early blooms like maple and willow and alder start blooming, the summer flowering plants seem to catch up, and bloom at about the same time everywhere. Will the citrus flow be at about the same time? Have 400 colonies in Florida this winter. Just wondering. AdamsHonCo wrote: > The info I picked up about cherry blossoms was on Paul Harvey news, he said > blossoms had been seen out. He was using it in a spot about odd weather > across the U.S. > I can tell you that in central Florida the red maple has been blooming since > one week before christmas and carolina willow since Dec27, which puts > everything about 15-18 days earlier than most years here. > > David Adams > Ft. Meade Florida ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 6 Jan 1998 21:45:51 -0500 Reply-To: dronebee@pilot.infi.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Dr. Pedro P. Rodriguez" Organization: InfiNet Subject: Re: bees Comments: To: alkhlawi@eisa.net.au MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Dear M. A: I am need of some package bees for my research project. If allowed to ship to the USA, and if the price is right, I would be very much interested. We are having very unusual environmental temperatures here, and I would like to get started sooner this year. Looking forward to your answer regarding: 1). importation allowed by USA authorities 2). prices per package,etc. Sincerely. Dr. Rodriguez Virginia Beach, VA ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 09:54:24 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Aaron Morris Subject: Honey and Botulism MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7BIT Actually, I think Dave is correct when he states that the connection between honey and botulism is anecdotal. I think when the original investigation of the case in which honey was identified as the cause of botulism (I believe it was in California), honey was identified as a 'possible' source. However as Dave pointed out in his post, 'possible' sources are everywhere. DISCLAIMER: I am not a lawyer or a doctor (I don't even play one on TV) and I have not read case studies or the particular California case. However the issue is that botulism can be anywhere, including honey. The REAL ISSUE is that great care should be taken when preparing infants' food regardless if honey is an ingredient or not and that the fauna in infants' digestive track is more able to deal with possible botulism attack after their first year. Aaron Morris - I think, therefore I bee! ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 00:32:38 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Al Needham Subject: Re: UNSUBSCRIBE On Sat, 10 Jan 1998 19:29:22 -0500 "Jeffrey R. Hills" writes: Save the below as it tells you how to do stuff: ------------ Please save this message for future reference, especially if this is the first time you subscribe to an electronic mailing list. If you ever need to leave the list, you will find the necessary instructions below. Perhaps more importantly, saving a copy of this message (and of all future subscription notices from other mailing lists) in a special mail folder will give you instant access to the list of mailing lists that you are subscribed to. This may prove very useful the next time you go on vacation and need to leave the lists temporarily so as not to fill up your mailbox while you are away! You should also save the "welcome messages" from the list owners that you will occasionally receive after subscribing to a new list. To send a message to all the people currently subscribed to the list, just send mail to BEE-L@CNSIBM.ALBANY.EDU. This is called "sending mail to the list", because you send mail to a single address and LISTSERV makes copies for all the people who have subscribed. This address (BEE-L@CNSIBM.ALBANY.EDU) is also called the "list address". You must never try to send any command to that address, as it would be distributed to all the people who have subscribed. All commands must be sent to the "LISTSERV address", LISTSERV@CNSIBM.ALBANY.EDU. It is very important to understand the difference between the two, but fortunately it is not complicated. The LISTSERV address is like a FAX number that connects you to a machine, whereas the list address is like a normal voice line connecting you to a person. If you make a mistake and dial the FAX number when you wanted to talk to someone on the phone, you will quickly realize that you used the wrong number and call again. No harm will have been done. If on the other hand you accidentally make your FAX call someone's voice line, the person receiving the call will be inconvenienced, especially if your FAX then re-dials every 5 minutes. The fact that most people will eventually connect the FAX machine to the voice line to allow the FAX to go through and make the calls stop does not mean that you should continue to send FAXes to the voice number. People would just get mad at you. It works pretty much the same way with mailing lists, with the difference that you are calling hundreds or thousands of people at the same time, and consequently you can expect a lot of people to get upset if you consistently send commands to the list address. You may leave the list at any time by sending a "SIGNOFF BEE-L" command to LISTSERV@CNSIBM.ALBANY.EDU. You can also tell LISTSERV how you want it to confirm the receipt of messages you send to the list. If you do not trust the system, send a "SET BEE-L REPRO" command and LISTSERV will send you a copy of your own messages, so that you can see that the message was distributed and did not get damaged on the way. After a while you may find that this is getting annoying, especially if your mail program does not tell you that the message is from you when it informs you that new mail has arrived from BEE-L. If you send a "SET BEE-L ACK NOREPRO" command, LISTSERV will mail you a short acknowledgement instead, which will look different in your mailbox directory. With most mail programs you will know immediately that this is an acknowledgement you can read later. Finally, you can turn off acknowledgements completely with "SET BEE-L NOACK NOREPRO". Contributions sent to this list are automatically archived. You can get a list of the available archive files by sending an "INDEX BEE-L" command to LISTSERV@CNSIBM.ALBANY.EDU. You can then order these files with a "GET BEE-L LOGxxxx" command, or using LISTSERV's database search facilities. Send an "INFO DATABASE" command for more information on the latter. This list is available in digest form. If you wish to receive the digested version of the postings, just issue a SET BEE-L DIGEST command. Please note that it is presently possible for other people to determine that you are signed up to the list through the use of the "REVIEW" command, which returns the e-mail address and name of all the subscribers. If you do not want your name to be visible, just issue a "SET BEE-L CONCEAL" command. More information on LISTSERV commands can be found in the LISTSERV reference card, which you can retrieve by sending an "INFO REFCARD" command to LISTSERV@CNSIBM.ALBANY.EDU. ........... Al, ----------------------------------------------------------- <"Mailto: awneedham@juno.com" > Scituate,Massachusetts,USA The Beehive- Educational Honey Bee Site http://www.xensei.com/users/alwine/ ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 13:01:25 -0500 Reply-To: dronebee@norfolk.infi.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "\\Dr. Pedro P. Rodriguez" Organization: Independent non-profit research Subject: Re: Travels to England MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Dear Dick: Please contact Joe Hemmens at the following e-mail address. joe.hemmens@ndirect.co.uk Mr. Hemmens is a beekeeper in one of the most famous beekeeping areas in the UK and also a wonderful person. I am sure tht he will make the necessary connections so that our colleagues will enjoy their visit in the UK. Regarding Wales, I suggest that you contact IBRA (their addrees is on the net) whom I am sure will also make the necessary arrangements in Wales. Please let me know if you need further assistance. Best regards. Dr. Rodriguez Virginia Beach, Va ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 13:31:19 -0500 Reply-To: dronebee@norfolk.infi.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "\\Dr. Pedro P. Rodriguez" Organization: Independent non-profit research Subject: Re: from the end of the world!! MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Hi All. Hummmm. I wonder if in effect the Andes cold temperatures have had any influence in this trend. That would be very significant for the theory of their trajectory in North America. Would "colder" climatic conditions in fact limit their norwarth progression? Some years back I read an article about "Africanized" bees that had been submitted to laboratory enhanced cold environments and survived. (I do not have the reference on hand but I am sure that I have filed away with other reference material). According to Brother Adams, African bees crossed the Pyrenees and evolved into the now existing European races of bees. What other factors are there in the Southern hemisphere to negate a similar occurrence there? If in fact, degree of coldness alone is the limiting factor, the earlier assumptions of territorial limitations would prove true. Thoughts, any one? Best regards. Dr. Rodriguez Virginia Beach, VA ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 14:26:20 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Frank & Phronsie Humphrey Subject: Bee Removal MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Early last summer we had a discussion about removing bees from buildings. Several techniques were discussed some of which were new. I would like to add and get some feedback on these ideas. I tried using plastic tubing which worked very well for a few days but as someone else posted, they found the entrance after about a week. I then tried the 3 cornered bee escape but they found the top entrance. I closed off the corners and cut about 3 small openings at random in the surface of the screen. This worked very well but is still not the best method IMHO. I think the cone works the best but it is so cumbersome the mount. What I plan to do this year, is to make some cones and permanently mount them to plywood. I will then mount these with small nails and use foam to create a seal. Having used the foam as a seal last year, I don't believe that it does them any harm. I have not given up on the tubing. I am going to try cutting a window in a large piece of tubing and cover it with screen to allow hive odors to escape which would draw the bees to this area of the tubing rather than the end. Frank & Phronsie Humphrey beekeepr@bellcouth.net ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 15:16:20 -0500 Reply-To: dronebee@norfolk.infi.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "\\Dr. Pedro P. Rodriguez" Organization: Independent non-profit research Subject: Re: Warm January and blossoms MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Hi All. Last week I had bees coming back with pollen every day. I don't the plant sources, but I imagine garden flowers around here. Dr. Rodriguez Virginia Beach, VA ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 16:13:17 -0500 Reply-To: dronebee@norfolk.infi.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "\\Dr. Pedro P. Rodriguez" Organization: Independent non-profit research Subject: Re: Beekeeping in Puerto Rico? MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Hi Aaron. I have been out of touch with the trade in PR for years now. I understand that the University has a program. It might be a good idea for him to check (a local call once he gets there). Also, check Apicultura in the phone book. I am sure that the beekeepers there will take good care of him. I will check the net for Apiculture topics in PR (sometime this week) and let you know. Please get back tome if I don't communicate with you soon. Best regards. Dr. Rodriguez Virginia Beach, VA ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 16:39:42 -0700 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Brett D Bannon Subject: Holiday candy Question: After the holidays my family has collected lots of hard candies that seem to slowly collect in our kitchen cupboards beginning with the children lugging it in on Halloween. Can these candies be melted down and included with feed for honey bees safely? Are there poor quality sugars in such candy that would be hard on bees, especially in winter months when they can't fly? What about jelly beans? Realize that this helps me with two New Year resolutions; Help the wife around the house more and take better care of the bees! Brett D. Bannon Folsom, NM USA bbannon@juno.com ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 18:51:02 -0500 Reply-To: emtee@citynet.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Mark Thomas Subject: Hive dimensions MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit I ordered ALL my frames today and also am starting a class on beekeeping given by our local association. They bought a starter kit to instruct with and I got all the info I need to build my own boxes. I thank you all for your input. I'll be in touch with MANY more questions!!! Mark PS. I hate no one. ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 21:31:14 +0300 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Carlos Aparicio Subject: Re: from the end of the world!! Comments: To: dronebee@norfolk.infi.net Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable African Honeybees don't know how to do the winter ball. For this reason they can't survive temperatures less than 10=BA (c) and they environment is= limited between the tropics.(Sao Paulo at South, Texas at North). Anyway I can't explain why this capacity seems not to be changed for breeding with other races. At least in Africa they could't pass the tropics in thousand of years. Here in Uruguay (35=BA latitude South) we have not Afr. Honey Bee. I don't believe the idea of African Honey Bees crossed the Pyrenees and evolved into the now existing European races of bees. May be the truth be the opposite. The capacity of accumulating foods, typical of the bee, it is almost only in the world except by their great imitator: the humans. This capacity seems to indicate that the natural environment of the bee is tempered with important seasonal variations in the supply. The tropical bee, seems an anomaly, since does not need to accumulate in an environment that has foods all year round . Just an oppinion. Carlos Aparicio =20 At 01:31 PM 13/01/1998 -0500, \\Dr. Pedro P. Rodriguez wrote: >Hi All. >Hummmm. I wonder if in effect the Andes cold temperatures have had any >influence in this trend. That would be very significant for the theory of >their trajectory in North America. Would "colder" climatic conditions in= fact >limit their norwarth progression? Some years back I read an article about >"Africanized" bees that had been submitted to laboratory enhanced cold >environments and survived. (I do not have the reference on hand but I am= sure >that I have filed away with other reference material). According to Brother >Adams, African bees crossed the Pyrenees and evolved into the now existing >European races of bees. What other factors are there in the Southern= hemisphere >to negate a similar occurrence there? If in fact, degree of coldness= alone is >the limiting factor, the earlier assumptions of territorial limitations= would >prove true. >Thoughts, any one? >Best regards. >Dr. Rodriguez >Virginia Beach, VA > > ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 23:26:51 -0300 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Hugo Aguirre Subject: more joyful beekeeping Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Automation in beekeeping is a good topic. To have the aid or help of a useful tool is a good idea, too = " keep the ealth and enjoy your work". Who can post how to make an electrical hanging-scale? Those one that weighs suspended in a hook, so is possible to weigh the barrel hanged-up in the crane. **************************************************************************** **************** Dr Hugo Aguirre ===============> hugoagui@sguillermo.datacop3.com.ar Bekeeper since " African's War" (1975) Some times Gral. Physic. Rivadavia 285 San Guillermo - Sta. Fe C.P. 2347 Argentina Tfno-Fax: 54 562 66298 /66876 LU1FFS ********************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 22:47:12 -0600 Reply-To: gmc@vci.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: beeman Subject: bee feed MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit HI all! well i feed my bees suryp from a local candy manufacturing plant, does anybody know if this is safe?? ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 00:59:41 -0800 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: wd6esz Subject: Re: Queen Out?! At this time of year? Comments: To: Kathy Hough In-Reply-To: <34BA6D1A.F7BA9D03@ne.mediaone.net> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Kathy, Thanks for your suggested explanations. Yes, she was marked. When I said "unusual color", I was referring to the MARK that made me notice her coming in for a landing. And I ruled out that she was a new marked queen because there were no other queens in the hive. And if it was a mating flight, it seems she wouldn't be very successsful this time of year because I'm in an urban area where beekeeping is illegal. Rich On Mon, 12 Jan 1998, Kathy Hough wrote: > Unless the Kona > queen you introduced in October was marked and you clearly saw that > marking on the queen that was re-entering the hive, I would bet that the > queen that you saw entering the colony was a daughter of the queen you > introduced in October. It seems unlikely that the queen that you > installed in October, even if she was unmated when you introduced her > would have waited until now to make her mating flights. It strikes me > as much more likely that the bees found your fall queen to be deficient > in some way and superceded her and you saw a young queen returning from > a mating flight. > > It's my experience that supercedure of fall introduced queens is not > that uncommon. On a few occasions we've needed to requeen in the fall > and have observed that even a new queen with a quality laying pattern > (nice and tight) has been superceded in the spring... my guess is that > she can't produce sufficient quantity of eggs for spring build-up. > > I've heard a number of explanations for this, though I can see that some > of them may or may not apply to LA or Hawaii. The first is that in the > fall (here), the quantity/quality of incoming nectar and pollen coupled > with dwindling numbers of young brood food producing workers (as the > hive focus shifts from reproduction to winter survival) produce less > robust queens. The second is that the weather (here) is rainy and cool > and results in poorly mated queens. The third is that, in an effort to > mitigate these negative effects of fall breeding (here), folks "bank" > (hold in queen cages) spring bred and mated queens for introduction in > the fall. This "banking" for very long causes the queen's viability to > deteriorate (forget where I read that, but it made sense to me). The > fourth reason is that there is a period of broodlessness (here) from > about early October through early January which in effect "banks" that > new young queen (though-i think- not as stressfully as caging does). I > guess that's why buying fall queens is less expensive than spring > queens. > > Anyway, I wouldn't worry about it too much so long as you are getting > good weather for mating flights and have sufficient drones in the area > to get the job done... Watch her brood pattern closely this spring > tho.. sometimes the bees choose an older than ideal larvae and even if > she's mated well, she may not perform sufficiently for honey surplus. > > On a side note: Anyone else on the list know who has studied the effect > of preventing a newly mated queen from laying and whether anyone has > compared that effect to to the same for a queen whose been laying for a > period of time-say a season? Does it have as detrimental an effect as > what i (vaguely) remember reading? For both newly mated and "seasoned" > queens at the same rate?... My suspicion would be that the seasoned > queen's body would experience the time as more of a rest and the newly > mated queen's body would experience the time as frustrating a strong > urge (look out!-she's gonna blow! :^)... though maybe the whole > process isn't stressful at all if the egg-laying tapers off and tapers > back up again (rather than the barrier/cage method of instant > off/instant on). > > Kathy > (who's going to going to do some reading this afternoon to see if she > can find some of the answers to these questions..) > > > > wd6esz wrote: > > > Premise: > > I had a late season accident and lost a queen in October. I > > since > > bought a mated queen from Kona Queen and thought everything was fine. > > Today I was out looking at the hive and saw an unusual color bee > > flying in > > for a landing. Upon further inspection, it was the QUEEN. I am in > > Southern California. > > Question: > > What was she doing out? And at this time of year? > > > > TIA, > > > > Rich > ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 19:42:38 +1000 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: j h & e mcadam Subject: Re: Fw: beeswax cleaning Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Jill, I clean my beeswax into blocks of approx. 3 kg. very economically. I use the finished product for candles but there is a cottage industry cosmetic manufacturer using beeswax of the same quality on the Island. I do not know if there are regulations regarding the purity but this is what I do: I use dead refrigerators and run a power cord through the drainage hole in the bottom and attach a light bulb. 100 watt is the strongest wattage I use. In a bar fridge I use 60 watt size. The shelves are extremely useful for holding a bucket of wax above the light source. It usually takes 24 - 36 hours to melt. Cappings wax is melted and any honey removed for cooking purposes. The block of honey and slum gum is then left in the sun to warm and the bulk of the slum gum removed with a a paint stripper blade. The wax is then placed in a galvanised iron bucket (no water) and melted in the refrigerator. When the wax is melted I warm a Chux cloth and metal colander in the refrigerator for a couple of hours. I pour the wax through the Chux in the colander into a clean plastic container. This produces very clean wax of a primrose colour. For cosmetics manufacture this is poured into baking trays to produce thin sheets which can be broken up into pieces to be weighed and grated into the other ingredients. To bleach the wax further you may like to place small pieces (smaller the better) in rain water and leave under glass in sunlight. It may take several weeks to show an appreciable effect but there is no energy input required. I do not know if the temperature range in Tasmania is high enough to enable you to do this - I find my solar wax melter is effective when the day temperature reaches 20 degrees Celsius. The recipe for the cosmetic cream manufactured on Kangaroo Island is printed in the Kangaroo Island Honey Cook Book. Email me direct if you would like this. Betty McAdam HOG BAY APIARY Penneshaw, Kangaroo Island j.h. & e. mcadam Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Computer Software Solutions Ltd Subject: Beekeepers in Wales Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Hi all Next St Patricks Day (17th March) I will be visiting a good friend of mine at Kings Turning Presteigne Wales I was wondering if there were any beekeepers within easy reach of that area whom I could meet and talk with about bees. Sincerely Tom Barrett 49 South Park Foxrock Dublin 18 Ireland e mail cssl@iol.ie Tel + 353 1 289 5269 Fax + 353 1 289 9940 Latitude 53 Deg 16' 12.8" North Longitude 06 Deg 09' 44.9" West ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 10:44:15 +0100 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Yves Layec Subject: short travel from BRITTANY to DEVON Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Hi! I'm a beekeeper in BRITTANY, far-west of France. We plan a short trip in Devon on May 8-9 (only 2 days) with a group of about 40 beekeepers, most of them non commercial beekeepers.=20 Si I'm looking for contacts with english beekeepers (commercial or not) near or not too far from PLYMOUTH, EXCETER (within 150 Km). Whom I've to get in touch in Buckfast Abbey for a visit of theirs apiaries? Many Thanks =20 ________________________________________________________________ (\ |)/) ~((((@8< >8@())))~ (/ \) Yves LAYEC # E-mail Yves.Layec@univ-brest.fr D=E9partement G.M.P. # Phone +33 (0)2 98 01 66 04 ou 02.98.07.91.71(dom) =20 IUT de BREST, F-29287 # Fax +33 (0)2 98 01 72 65=20 =20 ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 08:18:24 -0500 Reply-To: mpalmer@together.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Michael Palmer Organization: French Hill Apiaries Subject: Re: bee feed Comments: To: gmc@vci.net MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Beeman, did your bees do ok on it? Does it have any strange ingredients? Experiment! beeman wrote: > HI all! well i feed my bees suryp from a local candy manufacturing > plant, does anybody know if this is safe?? ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 10:08:19 +0000 Reply-To: hector@together.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: John Znoj Subject: Re: From the end of the world MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Wow, I have been gone for a couple of days and arrived to find 25% of my email to be nonsense and from this disgustion list. Why don't the people involved send each other the email and leave the rest of us alone. Maybe you could find a bee yard to rant and rave in and get the attention there that is more appropriate. JZ ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 10:44:53 +0000 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Dr Max Watkins Subject: Re: Varroa mites and resistance In-Reply-To: <3.0.32.19980109103620.00728be4@pop.umail.umd.edu> MIME-Version: 1.0 I have been directing the research into varroa resistance in Europe for the past 4 years. For an accurate resume of what has gone on in terms of varroa resistance to pyrethroids and methods of retarding the onset of its apparition, see my paper, "Resistance and its relevance to beekeeping" in Bee World, volume 77 (4) pp15-22 1996. You will also find the references listed useful, especially those of my colleague, Dr Jerome Trouiller. I'll try to get the paper scanned in and will post it to Bee Line in due course. Max Director Vita (Europe) Limited In message <3.0.32.19980109103620.00728be4@pop.umail.umd.edu>, "David W. Inouye" writes >I'm looking for a reference that might document the appearance of >resistance by Varroa mites to chemicals used by beekeepers to treat mites. >An article by Sue Hubbell in Natural History magazine last year referred to >this phenomenon. Thanks. > >Dr. David W. Inouye >Dept. of Zoology >University of Maryland >College Park, MD 20742 >301-405-6946 >di5@umail.umd.edu >http://www.inform.umd.edu/EdRes/Colleges/LFSC/FacultyStaff/dinouye -- Dr Max Watkins ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 10:38:17 -0500 Reply-To: beeworks@muskoka.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology Comments: Authenticated sender is From: David Eyre Organization: The Bee Works Subject: Re: Bee Removal In-Reply-To: <000501bd205c$dc1537a0$5b506020@default> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT On 13 Jan 98 at 14:26, Frank & Phronsie Humphrey wrote: > Early last summer we had a discussion about removing bees from > buildings. Several techniques were discussed some of which were > new. I would like to add and get some feedback on these ideas. I > tried using plastic tubing which worked very well for a few days but > as someone else posted, they found the entrance after about a week. > I then tried the 3 cornered bee escape but they found the top For all the folks who like to take bees out of buildings and need a bee escape you might be interested one we sell. It's really made for the roofs of WBC hives in the UK. It's a cone of black plastic with slots cut into the side of the cone and a small hole in the top of the cone. It will allow bees out, but they seem incapable of finding the small exit hole to get back in. If anyone wants info, please take it off list. ******************************************* The Bee Works, 9 Progress Dr, Unit 2, Orillia, Ontario, L3V 6H1 Phone/fax 705-326-7171 David Eyre, Owner. http://www.muskoka.net/~beeworks e-mail ******************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 10:38:18 -0500 Reply-To: beeworks@muskoka.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology Comments: Authenticated sender is From: David Eyre Organization: The Bee Works Subject: Re: Where did my bees go? In-Reply-To: <19980112.041232.4278.1.awneedham@juno.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT On 12 Jan 98 at 4:12, Al Needham wrote: > Same thing happened to me a couple of years ago. If I > am not mistaken, perhaps it was tracheal mites ? I think > that forces them all out seeking adequate air ?? > I am sure that you will hear more from others. Would > appreciate comment on the above reaction to T-mites. The original posting didn't describe the signs, but with T-mites there are usually bees left in the hive, possibly a very small cluster. This original posting said the bees absconded, implying nothing left behind. ******************************************* The Bee Works, 9 Progress Dr, Unit 2, Orillia, Ontario, L3V 6H1 Phone/fax 705-326-7171 David Eyre, Owner. http://www.muskoka.net/~beeworks e-mail ******************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 17:39:28 GMT+0200 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Garth Organization: Rhodes University South Africa Subject: Re: Hive dimensions Hi Mark and All Just thought I would share a few tips I have found in making homemade hive bodies. First it is good to have one commercially made hive on hand, to enable one to make the best copies. Secondly, instead of buying expensive metal sheeting for hive lids coverings, it is easiest to go to the local newspaper printing press and ask them for the negative printing sheets they use. These are large aluminium sheets with newspaper text burnt onto them. Usually the press recycles them back to the suppliers, but they are usually happy to sell them to a beekeeper (with the aid of a bottle of honey or promise thereof). I pay about US$0.15c a sheet, which makes one cover. For bottom boards it works out cheaper to use corrugated plastic. This is the stuff many signwriters use. If you know an estate agent, or advertising company, ask them for their old signs. Otherwise the stuff can be bought, for about a quarter the price of the same area of timber. It is also quite handy for inner covers. Anyhow, those are my tips. (This newspaper one is especially fun. Everytime you go to a hive, you will be reminded of specific things - eg Local Residents Confused by Mysterious Yellow Spots on Windows etc) Keep well Garth --- Garth Cambray Camdini Apiaries 15 Park Road Apis melifera capensis Grahamstown 800mm annual precipitation 6139 Eastern Cape South Africa Phone 27-0461-311663 On holiday for a few months Rhodes University Which means: working with bees 15 hours a day! Interests: Fliis and bees Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this post in no way reflect those of Rhodes University. ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 17:56:09 GMT+0200 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Garth Organization: Rhodes University South Africa Subject: Re: from the end of the world!! Hi Carlos Some of the things you mentioned about african bees were interesting but clashed with some things I have heard. I think it is accepted that bees actually originated somewhere in the middle of a desert below Afghanistan. At that time there was not a desert there. over time it became a desert, and the two cavity nesting bees seperated (so now we have A.cerana and A.mellifera) These A.mellifera ancestors spread in three directions. ONe over into central europe (C group), one into the meditteranea (M group) and one into Africa (A group). In africa bees flourished more than anywhere else in the world. Central africa has hive densisties (wild hives) of over 500 per square kilometer in the congo acording to Ruttner. Here bees were able to swarm regularily, and evolve faster as they had more generations. Bees that were useless died or were rapidly outcompeted. Thats why an african beehive gives you more kilometers of flight per litre of honey. They cannot afford to waste honey. Much of africa is Savannah. This is horrible land. It is a sporadic desert. It rains lots, and then it is dry and very very hot for long periods of time. So african bees have to sit and cool their hive for a long time with no fixed honey income. In europe all bees have to do is warm a head sized ball of bees. In africa the bees have to haul litres of water to cool their queen so she does not drop her sperm count. Then when it rains they must be able to rapidly build up to use the quick honey flow. The queens are therefore more productive, laying up to 2000 to 3000 eggs per day (one book I have read suggest up to 4000). These bees quickly build up a huge store. This honey represents energy for cooling among other things. So I would say that the ability to store is as much an african bee trait as it is a european bee trait. On the gene flow thing, I think there is considerable evidence as well to show that for a long period the aggressively reproductive african traits have been diffusing into the A.m.iberica and other mediterranean races. eg the productive italian bees. This flow is more favourably in the direction of europe. Euro bees introduced in most of africa fizzle out in under a year leaving little genetic mark. Also, the orignal african bees imported to Brazil were from Pretoria, South Africa. Here daytime temperatures can be below 10 deg C. The bees will sometimes even fly in this temp. (I know as I have seen bees doing this in mid winter and coming back with pollen on the Pretoria Univ Campus) They also tolerate frost, snow and a number of other cold phenomena. But not for prolonged periods. Keep well Garth --- Garth Cambray Camdini Apiaries 15 Park Road Apis melifera capensis Grahamstown 800mm annual precipitation 6139 Eastern Cape South Africa Phone 27-0461-311663 On holiday for a few months Rhodes University Which means: working with bees 15 hours a day! Interests: Fliis and bees Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this post in no way reflect those of Rhodes University. ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 07:05:11 -1000 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Walter Patton Subject: Organic Honey MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Aloha has the group finished the " H " word issue. What about organic honey? Gee I put in my $,02 worth and the organic thread broke and burned. USDA had lots of folks at the American Honey Producers convention last week and not a word was said about the allowing of New Zealand and Australian honey bees to be imported to the USA as soon as possible. Interesting. Jerry Stroope got unseated for his strong belief that the National Honey Board should be abolished totally and certainly not expanded. The big boys $$$$ packers and their allies sent him back to the bee yard. Interesting. The advent of the Internet could bee the beginning of a powerful movement if some enthusiasm could bee developed to try and make a difference in our future by joining together as a group to have a well heard voice. I have some gray hairs for my 48 years on this earth and I have a lot of respect for the opinions of the older drones with lots of gray hairs. This group seems to have great fun with funny threads and then they are willing to sit back and let " The Government" have a free hand to do what it wants. I must admit that every day I get a little more of the feeling of impotence when trying to make a difference, and a person can make a little difference, a group of people can make a bigger difference, and it sure is a lonely job when seeking supporters. This remains a good list, for the most part, in MHO and thanks to all the folks who do share real and important information about our beloved honey bees. The macadamias are blooming away and early fruits are coming on and we are real busy with bee yard work so have a great day everyone. Aloha Walter in Hawaii ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 12:38:45 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Aaron Morris Subject: Give as the rest of the story! MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7BIT Walter Patton wrote: > Jerry Stroope got unseated for his strong belief that the National > Honey Board should be abolished totally and certainly not expanded. > The big boys $$$$ packers and their allies sent him back to the bee > yard. Interesting.... Walter, More details if you please! I thought Jerry's position was up the assessment a penny a pound, remove foreign producers' assessment, get more producers on the board and promote domestic honey. Total abolition of the NHB is something new as far as I know. Did Jerry get voted out of office? What's the scoop? You mention the power of the Internet. Realize also the "immediacy" of the medium. Yours is the first new I have heard of the AHP convention. What exactly went down? Thanks, Aaron Morris ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 07:52:44 -1000 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Walter Patton Subject: Re: Give as the rest of the story! MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Well I hope I have the organization right and my details about Jerry's exact stand I could be a little off about,. I got my info from a Hawaii beekeeper who did attend and is just back. I do not know if he was voted out or if this was a regularly scheduled election. I do Know that Richard Adee was voted in and is the president. If I got some of Jerry's political planks wrong I'm sorry. I do think Jerry was very pro bee keepers. Walter ---------- > From: Aaron Morris > To: BEE-L@CNSIBM.ALBANY.EDU > Subject: Give as the rest of the story! > Date: Wednesday, January 14, 1998 7:38 AM > > Walter Patton wrote: > > > Jerry Stroope got unseated for his strong belief that the National > > Honey Board should be abolished totally and certainly not expanded. > > The big boys $$$$ packers and their allies sent him back to the bee > > yard. Interesting.... > > Walter, > > More details if you please! I thought Jerry's position was up the > assessment a penny a pound, remove foreign producers' assessment, get > more producers on the board and promote domestic honey. Total abolition > of the NHB is something new as far as I know. Did Jerry get voted out > of office? What's the scoop? > > You mention the power of the Internet. Realize also the "immediacy" of > the medium. Yours is the first new I have heard of the AHP convention. > What exactly went down? > > Thanks, > Aaron Morris ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 13:28:44 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: John Partin Subject: Warm Jan. Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7BIT MIME-Version: 1.0 (WebTV) M. Palmer Citrus can start blooming from the last week of Jan. until the last week of March. We also winter and make up their winter losses for a lot of northern beekeepers. ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 14:21:55 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: EMakovec Organization: AOL (http://www.aol.com) Subject: Re: Yugo-Carnolian ARS-1 cross Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit I have one of these ARS-1 colonies. I noticed, too, that they are generally not agressive -- except when removing honey supers! I also noticed immediately that they were light propolisers -- however, they more than made up for this by waxing everything together. They built comb between most frames, and even between top & bottom frames, making it impossible to remove top brood box without tearing up honey and brood comb -- this, of course, upset their otherwise gently disposition. The biggest factor, though, was their honey production. They built up extremely quickly from a 3-pound package the first week in April, and gave me 75 pounds of honey in June, with another 60 pounds or so in the fall (after swarming). Eugene Makovec Kirkwood, MO ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 15:20:59 -0500 Reply-To: dronebee@norfolk.infi.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "\\Dr. Pedro P. Rodriguez" Organization: Independent non-profit research Subject: Re: from the end of the world!! MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Hi (guru) Garth: Well done my friend. Your explanation surely blew a big old hole into my knowledge about the theory of development of the European honey bee races. However, I still strongly believe that the Iberian honey bees could possibly have given origin to some of the European bees. My thought is based on the fact that there are records of at least one wild honey bee hive existing during the paleolithic age in a rocky cliff in the town of Bicorp, Valencia, Spain. In my recollection, that is the earliest existing record of bees on the European continent. Also, although I don't have records at hand, I am sure that the moors brought honey bees to Spain (they brought many other agricultural and animal husbandry assets). Honey bees being as prominent as they were in Egypt, it is only logical to assume that the moors would bring honey bees to a terrestrial paradise as was southern Spain at the time. Should my "hypothesis" be right, regardless of the origin of the original Spanish bees, introduction of Egyptian genetic material could have contributed to the development of one of the worlds best races of bees, the Iberian. Based on eight years of experience, I have yet to see a better bee (than the Iberian). Granted, they are a little feisty; hence my belief that they may have african genes in them, but they are hard workers and disease resistant as any other race with which I have worked. I am sure that perhaps you can add some of your expertise to this very important thread. Again, I for one, thank you for contributing with your vast knowledge to this list. Your friend. Pedro ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 16:56:32 -0500 Reply-To: dronebee@norfolk.infi.net Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "\\Dr. Pedro P. Rodriguez" Organization: Independent non-profit research Subject: Re: Head count/Beekeepers MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Amen, Walter! Count with my support. Dr. Rodriguez Virginia Beach, VA ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 15:55:38 -0800 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Andy Nachbaur by way of Andy Nachbaur " Subject: 1997 ALMOND Crop revised upward! Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" On Wed, 14 Jan 1998 20:47:43 GMT, in sci.agriculture.beekeeping andy.nachbaur@calwest.net (Andy Nachbaur) wrote: Beekeepers should be congratulated for a job well done! According to a MODEST BEE newspaper Business Section article of January 10, 1998 the Almond harvest was a record 744 million pounds surpassing the 1994 crop of 732.7 million pounds. The pre-harvest estimates from last fall was 680 million pounds, I was wrong when I pegged it at the first billion pound crop, but I came as close as the growers did with their estimate. The gross farm income for this years crop is not yet reported as much of the crop has yet to be sold and problems have developed with a small growing percentage of the export market to Asia as anyone could guess. For sure the crop will return at least one billion dollars to the growers by the time all the crop is sold. Ground conditions are wet in the almond orchards and movement has slowed in delivering bees. The almond trees have had good dormant weather and have dropped most of their leaves. Bud set is normal and dormant and weed spraying is being done. Bees are reported to be in average condition with local bees slightly ahead of out of state hive because of the good fall in most of California and the not so good fall in other states. Feeding of light hives is being done as needed and beekeepers are ready to move onto pollination sites as soon as weather permits. Temperatures have been 10 degrees above normal the last ten days which could bring on a early bloom if they continue higher then normal. ttul, the OLd Drone Los Banos, California 011498 ... That the still murmur of the honey bee (c)Permission is given to copy this document in any form, or to print for any use. (w)OPINIONS are not necessarily facts. USE AT OWN RISK! ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 20:44:56 -0800 Reply-To: gclewis@penn.com Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Gary C. Lewis" Subject: Missing Messages MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Hello All. I am missing messages from this list. Is anyone else having this problem? I see replies to messages but the original is not to be found. Gary C. Lewis Duke Center, Pa. ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 21:54:47 -0500 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Frank & Phronsie Humphrey Subject: Re: Hive dimensions MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Barry's Bee page at http://birkey.com/BLB/Beekeeping/index.html contains hive dimensions, and instructions for building the most popular hive styles. Frank & Phronsie Humphrey beekeepr@bellsouth.net -----Original Message----- From: Garth To: BEE-L@CNSIBM.ALBANY.EDU Date: Wednesday, January 14, 1998 10:42 AM Subject: Re: Hive dimensions >Hi Mark and All > >Just thought I would share a few tips I have found in making homemade >hive bodies. > >First it is good to have one commercially made hive on hand, to >enable one to make the best copies. > >Secondly, instead of buying expensive metal sheeting for hive lids >coverings, it is easiest to go to the local newspaper printing press >and ask them for the negative printing sheets they use. These are >large aluminium sheets with newspaper text burnt onto them. Usually >the press recycles them back to the suppliers, but they are usually >happy to sell them to a beekeeper (with the aid of a bottle of honey >or promise thereof). I pay about US$0.15c a sheet, which makes one >cover. > >For bottom boards it works out cheaper to use corrugated plastic. >This is the stuff many signwriters use. If you know an estate agent, >or advertising company, ask them for their old signs. Otherwise the >stuff can be bought, for about a quarter the price of the same area >of timber. It is also quite handy for inner covers. > >Anyhow, those are my tips. (This newspaper one is especially fun. >Everytime you go to a hive, you will be reminded of specific things - >eg Local Residents Confused by Mysterious Yellow Spots on Windows >etc) > >Keep well > >Garth >--- >Garth Cambray Camdini Apiaries >15 Park Road Apis melifera capensis >Grahamstown 800mm annual precipitation >6139 >Eastern Cape >South Africa Phone 27-0461-311663 > >On holiday for a few months Rhodes University >Which means: working with bees 15 hours a day! >Interests: Fliis and bees >Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this post in no way >reflect those of Rhodes University. > ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 22:16:45 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Nobody Nobody Subject: Re: Missing Messages Comments: To: gclewis@penn.com On Wed, 14 Jan 1998 20:44:56 -0800 "Gary C. Lewis" writes: >Hello All. > I am missing messages from this list. Is anyone else having this >problem? I see replies to messages but the original is not to be >found. > >Gary C. Lewis >Duke Center, Pa. > Yes. It`s happening to me aswell. What I THINK is going on: Somebody signed up to this list sends mail to a friend privately. That friend is signed up to this list, also. But instead of sending mail just to their friend, unlike the first friend they send it to the entire club, so we only get the reply to the first message which was sent privately. (Sorry if that`s kind of confusing!!) -Ben M. Poehlman Lincoln, Nebraska, USA Ben32887@juno.com ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 17:39:19 -0600 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Walter T. Weller" Subject: Re: from the end of the world!! I think you're right, Carlos. Africanized bees have bogged down just inside the U.S. border, and haven't progressed northwards for over two years. They have never been found in North Africa. And (Garth, check me on this) I don't think they've ever made it to the Cape. 35 degrees latitude seems to be their limit. You say they don't ball. First time I've heard that. If so, that would go a long way to explaining their latitude limitations. Walter Weller Post Office Box 270 Wakefield, Louisiana 70784 On Tue, 13 Jan 1998 21:31:14 +0300 Carlos Aparicio writes: >African Honeybees don't know how to do the winter ball. For this >reason they >can't survive temperatures less than 10=BA (c) and they environment >is= > limited >between the tropics.(Sao Paulo at South, Texas at North). > Anyway I can't explain why this capacity seems not to be >changed for >breeding with other races. At least in Africa they could't pass the >tropics >in thousand of years. > Here in Uruguay (35=BA latitude South) we have not Afr. Honey >Bee. > I don't believe the idea of African Honey Bees crossed the >Pyrenees >and evolved into the now existing European races of bees. May be the >truth >be the opposite. >The capacity of accumulating foods, typical of the bee, it is almost >only in >the world except by their great imitator: the humans. > This capacity seems to indicate that the natural environment >of the bee is >tempered with important seasonal variations in the supply. > The tropical bee, seems an anomaly, since does not need to >accumulate in an >environment that has foods all year round . > Just an oppinion. > > Carlos Aparicio > > > =20 > > >At 01:31 PM 13/01/1998 -0500, \\Dr. Pedro P. Rodriguez wrote: >>Hi All. >>Hummmm. I wonder if in effect the Andes cold temperatures have had >any >>influence in this trend. That would be very significant for the >theory of >>their trajectory in North America. Would "colder" climatic >conditions in= > fact >>limit their norwarth progression? Some years back I read an article >about >>"Africanized" bees that had been submitted to laboratory enhanced >cold >>environments and survived. (I do not have the reference on hand but I >am= > sure >>that I have filed away with other reference material). According to >Brother >>Adams, African bees crossed the Pyrenees and evolved into the now >existing >>European races of bees. What other factors are there in the Southern= > hemisphere >>to negate a similar occurrence there? If in fact, degree of >coldness= > alone is >>the limiting factor, the earlier assumptions of territorial >limitations= > would >>prove true. >>Thoughts, any one? >>Best regards. >>Dr. Rodriguez >>Virginia Beach, VA >> >> >