Article 11257 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!newsgate.duke.edu!nntprelay.mathworks.com!newsfeed.internetmci.com!207.69.200.121!news.mindspring.com!usenet
From: ktjackson@mindspring.com (Todd Jackson)
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: Beekeeping organizations in southeastern TN ???
Date: Sun, 01 Mar 1998 02:44:20 GMT
Organization: MindSpring Enterprises
Lines: 7
Message-ID: <34f9cade.2217633@news.mindspring.com>
Reply-To: ktjackson@mindspring.com
NNTP-Posting-Host: user-38lcni5.dialup.mindspring.com
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Server-Date: 1 Mar 1998 02:45:37 GMT
X-Newsreader: Forte Agent 1.5/32.451
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11257

Does anyone know of a beekeeping organization in southeast TN?  As in
the Chattanooga area.  I would like to learn how to beekeep and would
like to find a place where I could learn.

Thanks

Todd


Article 11258 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!unc-cs!news-relay.ncren.net!newsgate.duke.edu!nntprelay.mathworks.com!ptdnetP!ptdnetS!newsgate.ptd.net!nnrp2.ptd.net.POSTED!not-for-mail
From: "Russell T. Sears" <rsears@ptd.net>
Subject: Re: The more the merrier?
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
References: <34F78886.28CBC40F@midtown.net>
Organization: LIFT, Inc.
Message-ID: <01bd44b5$fd51ae80$7b10bacc@beehive>
X-Newsreader: Microsoft Internet News 4.70.1161
Lines: 28
Date: Sun, 01 Mar 1998 02:02:44 GMT
NNTP-Posting-Host: cs8-11.eph.ptd.net
NNTP-Posting-Date: Sat, 28 Feb 1998 21:02:44 EST
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11258

If your hive is strong this spring, split out three frames with lots of
capped brood (and no queen!) and put them in a new hive.  Fill out the new
hive with combs or foundation. Replace the three frames in the original
hive with frames of foundation. Give the new hive a new queen. It will
build rapidly and produce some extracted honey for you, no comb honey this
year though.  The original hive will be less likely to swarm.  I've found
this to be far superior to using package bees.

TiPnRiNg <jkimbro@midtown.net> wrote in article
<34F78886.28CBC40F@midtown.net>...
> I'm about to be able to say I've been keeping bees for a year now.  Last
> spring I started with a pound and half and I think by winter they were
> almost to the "add a third box" stage. I didn't, however, get any
> honey.  I'm getting the urge to start another hive going.  My question
> is, (I know,,FINALLY!), if I were to get, say three pounds of bees,
> this year, ya think I would get honey before year end?  Any down sides
> to getting more bees at the start?   Thanks   Jer
> 
> 


Article 11259 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
From: "Kidney John" <gnimmelf@nildramnilspam.co.uk>
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
References: <34f9cade.2217633@news.mindspring.com>
Subject: "Bees at the Bottom of the Garden"
Date: Sat, 28 Feb 1998 10:01:31 -0000
Lines: 11
X-Newsreader: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.2106.4
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.2106.4
NNTP-Posting-Host: pm1-230.dial.nildram.co.uk
Message-ID: <34f934db.0@mercury.nildram.co.uk>
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!hearst.acc.Virginia.EDU!newsfeed.cv.nrao.edu!newsgate.duke.edu!nntprelay.mathworks.com!news.maxwell.syr.edu!nntp.news.xara.net!xara.net!peer.news.nildram.co.uk!mercury.nildram.co.uk!pm1-230.dial.nildram.co.uk
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11259


Looking for a copy of the book "Bees at the Bottom of the Garden", by Alan
Campion.  Can anybody help?
thanks,
Kidney John
gnimmelf@nildramnilspam.co.uk   Remove <nilspam> to reply.
"We are all in the gutter, But some of us are looking at the Stars"






Article 11261 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!unc-cs!news-relay.ncren.net!rutgers!usenet.logical.net!news.dal.ca!sunqbc.risq.qc.ca!news-out.internetmci.com!newsfeed.internetmci.com!192.220.251.22!netnews.nwnet.net!news-hub.interserv.net!news.sprynet.com!not-for-mail
From: "Ernest Scofield" <escofiel@sprynet.com>
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: Honey Production Figures
Date: 27 Feb 1998 09:43:53 GMT
Organization: Sprynet News Service
Lines: 5
Message-ID: <01bd4364$13526740$0261afce@default>
NNTP-Posting-Host: hdn86-002.hil.compuserve.com
X-Newsreader: Microsoft Internet News 4.70.1155
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11261

Does anyone know of a source for average honey production
state by state on the web or in print form?
-- 
E.L.Scofield
Virginia Beach Honey Company


Article 11262 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!unc-cs!news-relay.ncren.net!newsgate.duke.edu!nntprelay.mathworks.com!news-peer.gip.net!news.gsl.net!gip.net!newshub1.home.com!news.home.com!Supernews60!supernews.com!Supernews69!not-for-mail
From: "Tom" <gt360033@mc.net>
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: Hive question
Date: Sun, 1 Mar 1998 11:25:18 -0600
Organization: All USENET -- http://www.Supernews.com
Lines: 5
Message-ID: <6dc5ot$hui$1@usenet54.supernews.com>
NNTP-Posting-Host: 18386@207.79.121.67
X-Newsreader: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.71.1712.3
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.71.1712.3
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11262

Hello all. I am going to be adding Two hives this year,and I was wondering
if I could use cedar to build the hives with (I have a free source for
usable size cutoffs) Thanks for any input.  Tom




Article 11263 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!rutgers!usenet.logical.net!nntprelay.mathworks.com!news.idt.net!netnews.com!news.internetsat.com!news.arrakis.es!195.5.79.8
From: "Javier Soto Vázquez" <sotojavi@arrakis.es>
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: 625 Agricultural Links
Date: Sun, 1 Mar 1998 19:10:17 +0100
Organization: none
Lines: 6
Message-ID: <34f9a78d.0@news.arrakis.es>
NNTP-Posting-Host: caladan.arrakis.es
X-Newsreader: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.71.1712.3
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.71.1712.3
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11263

We increase in 45 the number of links, and now in our Web site we have 625
links.
http://www.arrakis.es/~sotojavi/
In adition, we improve some sections, and the links have descriptions.




Article 11264 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!gatech!cpk-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!news.bbnplanet.com!europa.clark.net!192.148.253.68!netnews.com!news.internetsat.com!news.arrakis.es!195.5.79.8
From: "Javier Soto Vázquez" <sotojavi@arrakis.es>
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: 625 enalces agrícolas
Date: Sun, 1 Mar 1998 19:04:30 +0100
Organization: none
Lines: 7
Message-ID: <34f9a77e.0@news.arrakis.es>
NNTP-Posting-Host: caladan.arrakis.es
X-Newsreader: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.71.1712.3
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.71.1712.3
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11264

Hemos añadido 45 enlaces nuevos a nuestra página y ya son 625 los enlaces
del sector agrícola que tenemos.
http://www.arrakis.es/~sotojavi/
Además  estamos mejorando la sección de enlaces y existen algunas con
descripción sobre los links.




Article 11265 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!newsgate.duke.edu!nntprelay.mathworks.com!news.maxwell.syr.edu!news-peer.sprintlink.net!news.sprintlink.net!Sprint!worldnet.att.net!newsadm
From: "George Styer" <gstyLer@worldnet.att.net>
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: First swarm of the year
Date: 1 Mar 1998 21:05:39 GMT
Organization: AT&T WorldNet Services
Lines: 19
Message-ID: <6dcij3$gur@bgtnsc02.worldnet.att.net>
NNTP-Posting-Host: 12.64.101.194
X-Newsreader: Microsoft Internet News 4.70.1157
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11265

Well El Nino's effects in California are seen once again. I had it in my
plans to begin my swarm management in earnest on Monday. Up until this
point the only thing I did was to add 3 suppers for the space. Well mother
nature did not want to wait so I had a swarm issue today. Next time I'll
take the que when I see pollen coming in early Feb in large quantities.
Settled about 50 ft so I quickly hived them and I have a couple of Q's:

1. Does the new hive need to be relocated at some distance from the old
hive or have they already "forgotten" about their old home?

2. The local bee supply store is closed until Tues. I did manage to find 1
frame of foundation and 1 frame of drawn. Will this be sufficient until I
can get more on Tues. If not, can I misappropriate some from the old hive
or is it chemically "marked"?
-- 
Geo
Honey is sweet, but the bee stings.
gstyLer@worldnet.att.net
Get the "L" out to reply via e-mail!


Article 11266 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!newsgate.duke.edu!nntprelay.mathworks.com!newsfeed.internetmci.com!164.67.42.145!awabi.library.ucla.edu!132.239.1.220!ihnp4.ucsd.edu!news1.ucsd.edu!not-for-mail
From: Bruce Ritchings <britchings@ucsd.edu>
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: beekeeping journals
Date: Sun, 01 Mar 1998 13:55:31 +0000
Organization: UCSD
Lines: 10
Message-ID: <34F968D4.9410AF6@ucsd.edu>
Reply-To: britchings@ucsd.edu
NNTP-Posting-Host: cmm171-43.ucsd.edu
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.01 (Macintosh; I; PPC)
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11266

Hello Bees,
	A friend of mine who's a monk asked me to try to find the name and address of
any journals in the USA pertaining to beekeeping. Well, I've found a few
names, but no addresses or phone numbers which would allow him to subscribe. I
was thinking the "American Bee Journal" might be most appropriate, but I can't
find their address/phone/fax, etc. Can anyone please help? Perhaps there are
other equally appropriate journals? Unfortunately, my friend doesn't have
access to the internet (monks aren't supposed to be spending their time
wandering in cyberspace, I guess) so he needs a printed journal. Thanks in
advance, Bruce Ritchings, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UC San Diego, britchings@ucsd.edu


Article 11267 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!gatech!cpk-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!news.bbnplanet.com!newsfeed.direct.ca!Supernews60!supernews.com!Supernews69!not-for-mail
From: Barry Birkey <Barry@Birkey.com>
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: Re: beekeeping journals
Date: Sun, 01 Mar 1998 19:43:54 +0100
Organization: BIRKEY.COM
Lines: 20
Message-ID: <34F9AC63.30F0@Birkey.com>
References: <34F968D4.9410AF6@ucsd.edu>
Reply-To: Barry@Birkey.com
NNTP-Posting-Host: 27400@206.68.164.45
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.01-C-MACOS8 (Macintosh; I; PPC)
To: britchings@ucsd.edu
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11267

Bruce Ritchings wrote:
> 
> Hello Bees,
>         A friend of mine who's a monk asked me to try to find the name and address of
> any journals in the USA pertaining to beekeeping. Well, I've found a few
> names, but no addresses or phone numbers which would allow him to subscribe. I
> was thinking the "American Bee Journal" might be most appropriate, but I can't
> find their address/phone/fax, etc. Can anyone please help? Perhaps there are
> other equally appropriate journals? Unfortunately, my friend doesn't have
> access to the internet (monks aren't supposed to be spending their time
> wandering in cyberspace, I guess) so he needs a printed journal. Thanks in
> advance, Bruce Ritchings, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UC San Diego, britchings@ucsd.edu

http://www.birkey.com/BLB/Beekeeping/bejrnls.html

-- 
Barry Birkey
West Chicago, Illinois  USA
Barry@Birkey.com
http://www.birkey.com


Article 11268 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!newsgate.duke.edu!nntprelay.mathworks.com!logbridge.uoregon.edu!news1.mpcs.com!anon.lcs.mit.edu!nym.alias.net!mail2news
Date: Sun, 1 Mar 1998 10:55:11 -0800
Message-ID: <199803011855.KAA00630@ix.netcom.com>
From: Anonymous <nobody@neva.org>
Comments: Please report problems with this automated remailing service
	to <admin@neva.org>. The message sender's identity
	is unknown, unlogged, and not replyable.
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: Re: Varroa Detection in Field Bees
References: <34F5B948.613BB192@mines.edu>
Mail-To-News-Contact: postmaster@nym.alias.net
Organization: mail2news@nym.alias.net
Lines: 53
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11268

I think it would probably be possible to detect Varroa presence by sampling
field bees, although whether anyone has been able to work out some sort of
linear relation between the rate of field bee parasitization and total number
of Varroa in the hive is an open question.  Might make a good research project
or subject for a doctoral dissertation.

When the bees are in the hive, I believe the mites move from bee to bee rather
readily, without regard to the age of the bees involved.  Quick little buggers
too, as anyone who has watched them crawling around on a bee for a while can
attest.  Even if they didn't change bees from time to time though, a certain
percentage of young bees would mature into field bee age with a mite or two on
'em, wouldn't they?  So it should definitely be possible to detect Varroa
presence by sampling the field bees.

I have a similar question about Varroa though, which is how to estimate the
mite load on the bees for purposes of deciding whether to treat with Apistan
or not.  For
most commercial beekeepers, I guess this is not an issue, since it is my
understanding that they always treat.  But I'm just a hobbyist with a few
hives, like to be as "organic" as I can,  and don't like the added expense of
the miticide if it's not strictly necessary.

Currently I'm trying some experiments to get a handle on this.  But like much
in agriculture, it's slow going.  Anybody out there already try their own
experiments, or have any words of wisdom on this question that they'd like to
share?

Brian <ballen@mines.edu> asked:

>
>I am interested in information about how to detect Varroa mites in field
>bees or if these mites just stay on nurse bees in the hive.  I know the
>location of at least one easily monitored wild hive which has been
>apparently very healthy for at least three years in the Golden, Colorado
>area and I am interested in attempting to determine if this wild hive
>has any natural resistance to Varroa or simply has not been exposed yet.
>
>I am also interested finding and monitoring some wild hives for natural
>varroa resistance.
>
>The problem is that most tests for varroa all specify to take bees from
>brood comb, yet with wild hives it is very difficult to do this.  Would
>I be wasting my time to collect and monitor field bees leaving or
>returning from the entrance of this and similar hives?  How many bees
>would be necessary to reasonably be expected to detect mites if any are
>present?
>
>
>Brian Allen
>ballen@mines.edu
>




Article 11269 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
From: "Midnite" <midnitebee@hotmail.com>
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
References: <34f9cade.2217633@news.mindspring.com> <34f934db.0@mercury.nildram.co.uk>
Subject: Re: "Bees at the Bottom of the Garden"
Date: Sun, 1 Mar 1998 22:18:53 -0500
Lines: 25
X-Newsreader: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.2106.4
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.2106.4
NNTP-Posting-Host: 208.232.50.226
X-NNTP-Posting-Host: 208.232.50.226
Message-ID: <34fa24e4.0@newsfeed1.cybertours.com>
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!gatech!144.212.95.13.MISMATCH!nntprelay.mathworks.com!news-peer.gip.net!news.gsl.net!gip.net!newsfeed.internetmci.com!208.136.69.33!newsfeed1.cybertours.com!208.232.50.226
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11269

Greetings!
Have you tried www.amazon.com?
This site will let you find an author or book title.
You may purchase the book at their site,if they can locate it.
Herb(Midnitebee)

--
Holly-B Apiary
P.O. Box 26
Wells,Maine 04090-0026
www.cybertours.com/~midnitebee
Kidney John wrote in message <34f934db.0@mercury.nildram.co.uk>...
>
>Looking for a copy of the book "Bees at the Bottom of the Garden", by Alan
>Campion.  Can anybody help?
>thanks,
>Kidney John
>gnimmelf@nildramnilspam.co.uk   Remove <nilspam> to reply.
>"We are all in the gutter, But some of us are looking at the Stars"
>
>
>
>




Article 11270 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
From: "Midnite" <midnitebee@hotmail.com>
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
References: <34f9cade.2217633@news.mindspring.com>
Subject: Re: Beekeeping organizations in southeastern TN ???
Date: Sun, 1 Mar 1998 22:16:25 -0500
Lines: 20
X-Newsreader: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.2106.4
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.2106.4
NNTP-Posting-Host: 208.232.50.226
X-NNTP-Posting-Host: 208.232.50.226
Message-ID: <34fa244f.0@newsfeed1.cybertours.com>
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!gatech!144.212.95.13.MISMATCH!nntprelay.mathworks.com!news-peer.gip.net!news.gsl.net!gip.net!newsfeed.internetmci.com!208.136.69.33!newsfeed1.cybertours.com!208.232.50.226
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11270

Greetings!
There is an extensive list of beekeeping assoc. worldwide at my web site:go
to beelinks page.
Herb(Midnitebee)

--
Holly-B Apiary
P.O. Box 26
Wells,Maine 04090-0026
www.cybertours.com/~midnitebee
Todd Jackson wrote in message <34f9cade.2217633@news.mindspring.com>...
>Does anyone know of a beekeeping organization in southeast TN?  As in
>the Chattanooga area.  I would like to learn how to beekeep and would
>like to find a place where I could learn.
>
>Thanks
>
>Todd




Article 11271 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!newsgate.duke.edu!nntprelay.mathworks.com!newsfeed.internetmci.com!206.172.150.11!news1.bellglobal.com!news.agtac.net!news.telusplanet.net!news
From: Robert Boschman <boschman@telusplanet.net>
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: Looking for boxes and comb
Date: Mon, 02 Mar 1998 09:45:53 -0700
Organization: TELUS Communications Inc.
Lines: 8
Message-ID: <34FAE241.540E@telusplanet.net>
Reply-To: boschman@telusplanet.net
NNTP-Posting-Host: clgrtnt2-port-97.agt.net
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.01Gold (Win95; U)
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11271

I am a Saskatchewan-based beekeeper looking for 200 to 1000 boxes as
well as drawn comb.  Any information or equipement you know of for sale
would be of great interest to my company--doesn't matter how far away
you are.

Rob Boschman
boschman@telusplanet.net
(403) 236-7457


Article 11272 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!gatech!144.212.95.13.MISMATCH!nntprelay.mathworks.com!newsfeed.direct.ca!Supernews60!supernews.com!Supernews69!not-for-mail
From: tomas mozer <tomasmozer@juno.com>
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: Re: Varroa Detection in Field Bees
Date: Mon, 02 Mar 1998 05:56:53 -0800
Organization: All USENET -- http://www.Supernews.com
Lines: 8
Message-ID: <34FABAA5.3106@juno.com>
References: <34F5B948.613BB192@mines.edu> <199803011855.KAA00630@ix.netcom.com>
NNTP-Posting-Host: 15003@205.216.79.228
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Mailer: Mozilla 2.02E-BSNET  (Win16; U)
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11272

as a gross rule of thumb, i use around 10% mite infestation rate (10 mites per 100 bees 
sampled) on an (admittedly unreliable but relatively easy-to-do) ether roll of bees from 
brood comb as a treatment threshold...i would guess half that rate for foraging bees, 
and double for uncapping brood (esp. drone) would be approximately equivalent; this is 
based more on subjective experience under florida conditions than any hard data, even 
though some research has been done (see delaplane's "strictly for the hobbyist" column 
in the aug.'97 abj) but regional/seasonal/genetic/virulent and other seemingly unlimited 
variability in hive conditions always can muddle any guesstimates...


Article 11273 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
From: walter.bienz@amigabee.org.uk (Walter Bienz)
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!newsgate.duke.edu!nntprelay.mathworks.com!rill.news.pipex.net!pipex!join.news.pipex.net!pipex!news.pcug.co.uk!amigabee!walter.bienz
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: cake & eating it too part ll
Message-ID: <888844992@amigabee.org.uk>
Date: Mon, 02 Mar 1998 09:44:08 GMT
Distribution: world
Organization: Amigabee computer networking for beekeepers

CHRS: IBMPC 2

CODEPAGE: 437

MSGID: 240:244/117 2d488e97

REPLY: 240:44/0 36115a70

PID: FDAPX/w 1.12a UnReg(79)
 M> From: "Midnite" <midnitebee@hotmail.com>
 M> Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
 M> Subject: cake & eating it too part ll
 M> Date: Tue, 17 Feb 1998 15:48:08 -0500
 M> Lines: 18
 M> X-Newsreader: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.2106.4 X-MimeOLE:
 M> Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.2106.4 NNTP-Posting-Host:
 M> 208.232.50.231
 M> X-NNTP-Posting-Host: 208.232.50.231
 M> Message-ID: <34e9f74f.0@newsfeed1.cybertours.com>
 M> Path:
 M> ibmpcug!news.pcug.co.uk!bowl.news.pipex.net!pipex!weld.news.pi
 M> pex.net!pipex!hose.news.pipex.net!pipex!grot.news.pipex.net!pi
 M> pex!bore.news.pipex.net!pipex!rill.news.pipex.net!pipex!cpk-ne
 M> ws-hub1.bbnplanet.com!news.bbnplanet.com!newsfeed.internetmci.
 M> com!208.136.69.33!newsfeed1.cybertours.com!208.232.50.231
Lines: 20
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11273


 M> Greetings!
 M> I have added another "page" authored by George Imirie. This is
 M> a continuation on the January issue of the "Pink Pages".. this
 M> new topic "speaks" about the PROPER ratio of sugar
 M> syrup,splitting,why order queens,swarming,
 M> reversing,etc etc
 M> The article is entitled "Cake & Eating it Too", located at the
 M> beelinks page.
 M> Enjoy!


 M> --
 M> Holly-B Apiary
 M> P.O. Box 26
 M> Wells,Maine 04090-0026
 M> www.cybertours.com/~midnitebee

---
 * Origin: Kent Beekeeper Beenet Point (240:244/117)


Article 11274 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!newsgate.duke.edu!nntprelay.mathworks.com!dca1-hub1.news.digex.net!digex!newsreader.digex.net!not-for-mail
From: bobe_inv@digex.net
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: Re: Honey Production Figures
Date: Mon, 02 Mar 1998 21:07:23 GMT
Organization: DIGEX, Inc.
Lines: 11
Message-ID: <34fb1f64.17243317@news.digex.net>
References: <01bd4364$13526740$0261afce@default>
NNTP-Posting-Host: gate.usitc.gov
X-Newsreader: Forte Free Agent 1.11/32.235
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11274

On 27 Feb 1998 09:43:53 GMT, "Ernest Scofield" <escofiel@sprynet.com>
wrote:

>Does anyone know of a source for average honey production
>state by state on the web or in print form?
>-- 
>E.L.Scofield
>Virginia Beach Honey Company

You might try the following web site:
http://mann77.mannlib.cornell.edu/reports/nassr/other/zho-bb/


Article 11275 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!newsgate.duke.edu!nntprelay.mathworks.com!newsfeed.internetmci.com!207.69.200.121!news.mindspring.com!usenet
From: ktjackson@mindspring.com (Todd Jackson)
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: Re: Beekeeping organizations in southeastern TN ???
Date: Mon, 02 Mar 1998 21:23:35 GMT
Organization: MindSpring Enterprises
Lines: 13
Message-ID: <34fb2331.905402@news.mindspring.com>
References: <34f9cade.2217633@news.mindspring.com> <34fa244f.0@newsfeed1.cybertours.com>
Reply-To: ktjackson@mindspring.com
NNTP-Posting-Host: user-38lcnio.dialup.mindspring.com
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Server-Date: 2 Mar 1998 21:24:48 GMT
X-Newsreader: Forte Agent 1.5/32.451
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11275

"Midnite" <midnitebee@hotmail.com> wrote:

>Greetings!
>There is an extensive list of beekeeping assoc. worldwide at my web site:go
>to beelinks page.
>Herb(Midnitebee)


Nothing there near me.  Thanks anyway, you have got a good web page.

Todd




Article 11276 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!newsgate.duke.edu!nntprelay.mathworks.com!news-peer-east.sprintlink.net!news-peer.sprintlink.net!news.sprintlink.net!Sprint!worldnet.att.net!newsadm
From: "Gary L. Bradshaw" <gbees@worldnet.att.net>
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: Re: WHere to get bees?
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 1998 17:25:47 -0500
Organization: AT&T WorldNet Services
Lines: 23
Message-ID: <6dfbm6$356@bgtnsc02.worldnet.att.net>
References: <34FAEE16.5A77D73B@polisci.tamu.edu>
NNTP-Posting-Host: 12.68.157.57
X-Newsreader: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.2106.4
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.2106.4
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11276


eaguilr wrote in message <34FAEE16.5A77D73B@polisci.tamu.edu>...
>Folks,
>I waited way way way too long to order a set of "startup bees".  Any
>ideas who I could contact to get somet his late in the season?
>edwin
>
>
Hi Ed

It depends on where you live.  We truck bees up the east coast into NJ and
eastern PA and will make stops along I95 from NC and north with prior
commitment from beekeepers.  You can contact us at gbees@worldnet.att.net
or 908 996 6331

If you don't live in this part of the world you can order them direct from
York Bee Co (912 427 7311) or possibly contact your local extension service.

Good Luck

Gary




Article 11277 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!rutgers!usenet.logical.net!news.dal.ca!sunqbc.risq.qc.ca!news.maxwell.syr.edu!news-peer.sprintlink.net!news-backup-west.sprintlink.net!news-in-west.sprintlink.net!news.sprintlink.net!Sprint!131.216.1.86!news.nevada.edu!news.tamu.edu!not-for-mail
From: eaguilr <eaguilar@polisci.tamu.edu>
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: WHere to get bees?
Date: Mon, 02 Mar 1998 11:36:22 -0600
Organization: Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
Lines: 6
Message-ID: <34FAEE16.5A77D73B@polisci.tamu.edu>
NNTP-Posting-Host: cc129.tamu.edu
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
NNTP-Posting-Date: 2 Mar 1998 17:36:48 GMT
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.01 [en] (WinNT; I)
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11277

Folks,
I waited way way way too long to order a set of "startup bees".  Any
ideas who I could contact to get somet his late in the season?
edwin




Article 11278 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!newsgate.duke.edu!nntprelay.mathworks.com!newsfeed.internetmci.com!210.120.128.205!brown.dacom.co.kr!nntp.kreonet.re.kr!news.netins.net!not-for-mail
From: "Rev Jim" <jim.small@www.mebbs.com>
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: Re: Africanized????
Date: 3 Mar 1998 00:29:03 GMT
Organization: news.netins.net
Lines: 5
Message-ID: <01bd463c$aff82820$360cb1cf@jim.smallwww.mebbs.com.www.mebbs.com>
References: <34F4AD28.4DEF@swbell.net>
Reply-To: "Rev Jim" <jim.small@mebs.com>
NNTP-Posting-Host: ins8.netins.net
X-Newsreader: Microsoft Internet News 4.70.1155
Cache-Post-Path: ins8.netins.net!unknown@207.177.12.54
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11278

I am one whom bees do not like also.  Without aftershave or hair tonic once
in a while they will come after me, usually in the hair, upper face.  Never
have figured it out but I raise only 3-banded Italian with a brief
unsuccessful attempt at Midnites.  So I take the chance of getting stung.



Article 11279 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!gatech!144.212.95.13.MISMATCH!nntprelay.mathworks.com!newsfeed.direct.ca!newsfeed.dacom.co.kr!brown.dacom.co.kr!nntp.kreonet.re.kr!news.netins.net!not-for-mail
From: "Rev Jim" <jim.small@www.mebbs.com>
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: Re: Bees and vandals (formerly bees and horses)
Date: 3 Mar 1998 00:34:19 GMT
Organization: news.netins.net
Lines: 7
Message-ID: <01bd463d$6c473fc0$360cb1cf@jim.smallwww.mebbs.com.www.mebbs.com>
References: <Richard.Wiltshire-2602981303200001@host5-99-50-55.btinternet.com>
Reply-To: "Rev Jim" <jim.small@mebs.com>
NNTP-Posting-Host: ins8.netins.net
X-Newsreader: Microsoft Internet News 4.70.1155
Cache-Post-Path: ins8.netins.net!unknown@207.177.12.54
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11279

My experience with vandalism is slight but primarily if a kid tips over the
hive and gets nailed the parents threaten a lawsuit.  If a hunter tips over
a hive and gets nailed, he threatens a lawsuit.  When some kids pushed
sticks into the hive and got stung (once) the parents threatened a lawsuit.
 See a pattern?  Luckily nothing ever came of it but I did threaten to
countersue for vandalism.



Article 11280 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!newsgate.duke.edu!nntprelay.mathworks.com!cam-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!boston-news-feed1.bbnplanet.com!news.bbnplanet.com!news.bu.edu!dartvax.dartmouth.edu!not-for-mail
From: bill greenrose <bill.greenrose@valley.net>
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: Re: Varroa Detection in Field Bees
Date: Mon, 02 Mar 1998 20:54:41 -0500
Organization: Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
Lines: 72
Message-ID: <34FB62E0.609467EB@valley.net>
References: <34F5B948.613BB192@mines.edu> <199803011855.KAA00630@ix.netcom.com>
NNTP-Posting-Host: v2-p-140.valley.net
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.02 [en] (Win95; I)
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11280



Anonymous wrote:

> <snip>

> I have a similar question about Varroa though, which is how to estimate the
> mite load on the bees for purposes of deciding whether to treat with Apistan
> or not.  For
> most commercial beekeepers, I guess this is not an issue, since it is my
> understanding that they always treat.  But I'm just a hobbyist with a few
> hives, like to be as "organic" as I can,  and don't like the added expense of
> the miticide if it's not strictly necessary.
>
> Currently I'm trying some experiments to get a handle on this.  But like much
> in agriculture, it's slow going.  Anybody out there already try their own
> experiments, or have any words of wisdom on this question that they'd like to
> share?
>
> Brian <ballen@mines.edu> asked:
>

 greetings,

i've not checked this group regularly for most of the winter, but the recent warm
weather up here in new hampshire made me realize that the new season is right
around the corner and that i should catch up with what's going on in the rest of
the bee world.  i'm just a hobbyist, too, and coming off of my first season, but i
thought i'd comment for what it's worth.

last season i treated with mineral oil following dr. rodriguez' program.
basically a thin bead of oil on the top of each frame once a week or so.  i did
not use any scientific methods of measurement, just careful weekly observation
[all recorded in my logbook], but i did not see any signs of mite infestation.
the bees all looked healthy, no deformations, no little 'hitchhikers', lots of
brood, no signs of the runs or other indications of secondary infections.  so, i
THINK it worked well.  however, even though the good doctor says that you can
treat solely with m.o., i also used apistan strips in the fall [and will use them
this spring].  like you, i prefer to minimize the use of drugs and chemicals on my
bees, but in the case of varroa, i don't feel that there's much choice in the
matter.  i started beekeeping, because i was getting lousy pollination of my
blackberry and raspberry bushes. [all right, i also had a lifelong fascination
with bees.  but, it's as good an excuse as any.]   then, i realized that there
were NO honeybees around.  a little research on the net revealed the probable
cause of the problem.  joining the local beekeeping association and going to a few
meetings confirmed that varroa is a problem in this area.   so, i would rather be
safe than sorry.  it may seem like overkill, but i like the idea of hitting 'em
with both a physical and a chemical control.  hopefully, it will help reduce the
chance of miticide resistant varroa developing in my area.  with this warm [mid
40's] weather the past several days, i've seen nice clouds of bees coming out to
do their 'elimination' runs in the early afternoon.  looks like they are in good
health.  whether it's from the treatments or just blind luck, i don't know.  after
a couple of seasons worth of data points, maybe i'll be able to tell.

anyway, my recommendation is that, regardless of whatever alternative treatment
plan you use, unless you can positively, absolutely confirm that you've got varroa
under control, you should also use apistan strips.  they may cost a few bucks, but
it's cheaper than replacing lost colonies.

hope this helps,

bill

##########################################

don't shoot me, i'm only the guitar player

bill.greenrose@valley.net [home]
greenros@medicalmedia.com [work]
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/1397




Article 11281 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!gatech!144.212.95.13.MISMATCH!nntprelay.mathworks.com!newsfeed.internetmci.com!199.0.154.56!ais.net!ix.netcom.com!news
From: "Susan K. Wehe" <swehe@ix.netcom.com>
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: Re: WHere to get bees?
Date: Mon, 02 Mar 1998 21:53:08 -0600
Organization: Netcom
Lines: 13
Message-ID: <34FB7EA4.6B70@ix.netcom.com>
References: <34FAEE16.5A77D73B@polisci.tamu.edu>
NNTP-Posting-Host: san-tx6-03.ix.netcom.com
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-NETCOM-Date: Mon Mar 02  9:47:16 PM CST 1998
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.01Gold (Win95; I)
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11281

eaguilr wrote:
> 
> Folks,
> I waited way way way too long to order a set of "startup bees".  Any
> ideas who I could contact to get somet his late in the season?
> edwin

If you're ordering them for the College Station area then you might want
to try:  http://www.ipt.com/bweaver/rebweaver.htm
Good Luck!


susan


Article 11282 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!rutgers!news.sgi.com!nntprelay.mathworks.com!newsfeed.internetmci.com!207.0.56.122!news.eli.net!not-for-path-mail
From: "Rimmmer" <tifosi@citylinq.com>
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: 14k gold & diamond Bee Ring
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 1998 21:19:55 -0800
Organization: ELI.NET Usenet Newsreader Service
Lines: 23
Message-ID: <6dg3ob$3cj$1@bigdog.eli.net>
NNTP-Posting-Host: linq1-32.citylinq.net
X-Newsreader: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.2106.4
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.2106.4
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11282

I own a custom jewelry business in Bellevue Washington.  Last Christmas I
worked with a man on designing a special ring for his wife.  The ring
features a 14k Bee, pave set with diamonds all over his back, emerald
cabochon eyes, pollen sacs on his legs and, a small daisy on either side of
the ring with a diamond in the center.  The woman who carved the wax,
graduated as a zoologist and spent over 15 hours adding realistic features,
while maintaining some character (he's cute!).

Unfortunately, my client and his wife split the sheets and ended up not
taking the ring.  So after substantial investment on my part, naturally I
would like to find a home for the little guy and recoup my investment.
Since it is a one off custom piece that required significant amounts of
labor in design and setting, he isn't cheap but he is first class all the
way.

If anyone is interested in seeing a photo or arranging a viewing, please
email me at TheJConn@aol.com  You may also reach me at 1-800-594-2950.

Marlon Familton
The Jewelry Connection
Bellevue, Washington




Article 11283 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!rutgers!news.sgi.com!nntprelay.mathworks.com!news-xfer.netaxs.com!xfer.kren.nm.kr!newsfeed.dacom.co.kr!chollian!KKPCR7
From: KKPCR7@chollian.dacom.co.kr (Chollian Newsgroup User)
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: Re: Bees and vandals (formerly bees and horses)
Date: 3 Mar 1998 08:36:35 GMT
Organization: DACOM Internet Service
Lines: 14
Message-ID: <6dgfej$45e$1@newstmp1.bora.net>
References: <Richard.Wiltshire-2602981303200001@host5-99-50-55.btinternet.com> <01bd463d$6c473fc0$360cb1cf@jim.smallwww.mebbs.com.www.mebbs.com>
NNTP-Posting-Host: magicall2.dacom.co.kr
X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.2 PL2]
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11283



x



Rev Jim (jim.small@www.mebbs.com) wrote:
: My experience with vandalism is slight but primarily if a kid tips over the
: hive and gets nailed the parents threaten a lawsuit.  If a hunter tips over
: a hive and gets nailed, he threatens a lawsuit.  When some kids pushed
: sticks into the hive and got stung (once) the parents threatened a lawsuit.
:  See a pattern?  Luckily nothing ever came of it but I did threaten to
: countersue for vandalism.



Article 11284 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
From: "ayres" <ayres@northlink.net>
Subject: Re: Bee sting alergies
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping,alt.folklore.urban
References: <34B3C27C.6772@fareway.on.ca> <B0DC6701966842D4A@hearsay.demon.co.uk> <696evb$e92@pyrtech.mis.pyramid.com> <34b7a3a0.0@scooby.nildram.co.uk> <01bd1e01$a9a7f800$240cb1cf@jim.smallwww.mebbs.com.www.mebbs.com> <699om0$c7d$1@news.goodnet.com> <69irb8$71u$1@news.jumpnet.com> <69itc1$9l5$1@ezekiel.eunet.ie>
Message-ID: <01bd4327$dc93c820$97c19bd0@8>
X-Newsreader: Microsoft Internet News 4.70.1162
NNTP-Posting-Host: 208.155.193.151
Date: 27 Feb 98 01:32:51 GMT
Lines: 46
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!newsgate.duke.edu!nntprelay.mathworks.com!newsfeed.internetmci.com!209.89.75.15!News.Toronto.iSTAR.net!news.istar.net!tor-nx1.netcom.ca!209.136.2.9!pull-feed.internetmci.com!news.northlink.net!208.155.193.151
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11284 alt.folklore.urban:401464



Ben Walsh <benw@iona.nospam.please.we'reirish.com> wrote in article
<69itc1$9l5$1@ezekiel.eunet.ie>...
> Quita Endicott wrote:
> > 
> > ># My grandfather was a beekeeper and his children are all very
sensitive to
> > >#stings.
> > >
> > >Uh oh. I see some Lamarckian theories of evolution in that last
statement.
> > >
> > What is Lamarckian about that - he doesn't imply that they CHOSE to
become
> > sensitive
> 
> I don't know what definition of Lamarckism you're using, but it's not a
> good one. The theory of Lamarckism was a precursor to that of natural
> selection, and postulated evolution through inheritance of *acquired*
> characteristics.
> 
> > - all that is implied here as that the children are all
> > sensitive
> 
> No, that's what's stated explicitly. The *implication*, through the
> juxtaposition of the two statements, is that the children's sensitivity
> is due in some way to the grandfather's occupation. That is Lamarckian,
> and therefore wrong.
> 
>  - perhaps the mother of said children passed on hypersensitivity
> > genes to the kids.
> 
> Indeed.
> 
> ben "I was stung by a bee yesterday - £20 for a jar of honey" w.
> 
> -- 
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> "If you name me a street                      | ben walsh
>  Then I'll name you a bar                     | benw at iona dot com
>  And I'll walk right through Hell             | http://bounce.to/heretic
>  Just to buy you a jar"            -- shane   |
> 
> Maybe the  hypersensitivity is due to environment ,
> not heredity, as in exposure to dried venom on clothing


Article 11285 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!gatech!cpk-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!news.bbnplanet.com!netnews.com!dca1-hub1.news.digex.net!digex!newsgate.swbell.net!swbell!not-for-mail
From: Jim Owen <jimowen@swbell.net>
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: Re: Africanized? or just Irate?
Date: Tue, 03 Mar 1998 06:58:15 -0800
Organization: Southwestern Bell Internet Services, Richardson, TX
Lines: 23
Message-ID: <34FC1A87.4AD0@swbell.net>
References: <34F4AD28.4DEF@swbell.net> <01bd463c$aff82820$360cb1cf@jim.smallwww.mebbs.com.www.mebbs.com>
NNTP-Posting-Host: ppp-151-164-37-184.rcsntx.swbell.net
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Trace: (null) 888929908 2366 (None) 151.164.37.184
X-Complaints-To: usenet@nnrp3
X-Mailer: Mozilla 2.01KIT (Win95; U; 16bit)
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11285

Rev Jim wrote:
> 
> I am one whom bees do not like also.  Without aftershave or hair tonic once
> in a while they will come after me, usually in the hair, upper face.  Never
> have figured it out but I raise only 3-banded Italian with a brief
> unsuccessful attempt at Midnites.  So I take the chance of getting stung.

I had a few hives in Utah (1997) and I could basically work them in 
street clothes.  Unless I was digging into the hive extensively, they 
didn't really care.  In the colonies I now have, individuals will go out 
of their way to hunt me down anywhere in the yard (up to about 100'), and 
I don't dare go anywhere near the hives (10-20') without full suit.

I'm in the process of building a new fence and relocating the hives to 
their own fenced area.  During that process, I closed off the entrances 
to only about 1/4" wide.  The bees could still get out if they wanted bad 
enough, but they seemed to change their attitude and didn't stray far 
from the hives (at least not in my direction).  I thought maybe they had 
adjusted their attitude, but when I opened up the entrance yesterday 
(full suit) they got back in their bad mood.

Oh well, the fence project should be done by this weekend, and I can keep 
them under control until the new queens (Caucasian) arrive.


Article 11286 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!rutgers!usenet.logical.net!nntprelay.mathworks.com!portc04.blue.aol.com!audrey02.news.aol.com!not-for-mail
From: silversail@aol.com (Silversail)
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: Re: beekeeping journals
Date: 3 Mar 1998 17:19:32 GMT
Lines: 5
Message-ID: <19980303171900.MAA19869@ladder02.news.aol.com>
NNTP-Posting-Host: ladder02.news.aol.com
X-Admin: news@aol.com
Organization: AOL http://www.aol.com
References: <34F9AC63.30F0@Birkey.com>
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11286

American Bee Journal is a Dandant product... Try  Dadant.com should take you to
their website.  903-784-6145 will get you in touch with someone who can take or
direct you to someone who can take your order.

Silver


Article 11287 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!rutgers!usenet.logical.net!nntprelay.mathworks.com!portc04.blue.aol.com!audrey01.news.aol.com!not-for-mail
From: silversail@aol.com (Silversail)
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: Re: Hive question
Date: 3 Mar 1998 17:22:26 GMT
Lines: 4
Message-ID: <19980303172200.MAA24933@ladder03.news.aol.com>
NNTP-Posting-Host: ladder03.news.aol.com
X-Admin: news@aol.com
Organization: AOL http://www.aol.com
References: <6dc5ot$hui$1@usenet54.supernews.com>
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11287

Sure cedar's great to use...might even keep the wax moths away;)
Just about any wood will do ...the main focus of larger beekeepers is the COST.

Silver


Article 11288 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!newsgate.duke.edu!nntprelay.mathworks.com!news-xfer.netaxs.com!news-peer.gip.net!news.gsl.net!gip.net!news-peer.sprintlink.net!news.sprintlink.net!Sprint!newsfeed.internetmci.com!198.82.160.249!news.vt.edu!solaris.cc.vt.edu!vtaix.cc.vt.edu!adamf
From: adamf@vtaix.cc.vt.edu (Adam Finkelstein)
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: Re: Varroa Detection in Field Bees
Date: 3 Mar 1998 19:33:54 GMT
Organization: Virginia Tech
Lines: 38
Message-ID: <6dhlv2$2vc$1@solaris.cc.vt.edu>
References: <34F5B948.613BB192@mines.edu> <199803011855.KAA00630@ix.netcom.com>
NNTP-Posting-Host: vtaix.cc.vt.edu
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11288

Anonymous postings are sort of taboo. If you have to post
anonymously, well do what you have to do, but if a trend toward
anonymous posting develops here, we'll have to change the charter to
exclude anonymous postings-- nothing wrong with your post, it's just
anonymous postings can and often are used for less than wholesome
purposes.

A Varroa level index is hard to develop. "Economic injury level" is
the term, I think. But, since all our bees develop at different rates
and interact with the new parasite differently, a single broad "mite
number" or "mite count" isn't possible.

The nicest way I've seen to check for mites in the Spring, when there
is capped drone brood is to use a cappings scratcher on some of the
drone brood. Pry up some cells with the scratcher a few times on
different combs--if you see mites at any stage, you have an
infestation you probably should treat for after the honey season.

Another beekeeper's suggestion of definite yearly treatment with Apistan
is probably the safest practise--remember to treat when there is no danger
of super contamination, and remember to remove the strips after the time
recommended. Fluvalinate (Apistan's active ingredient) will begin to taint
comb wax after awhile, so keep a handle on which combs were treated, maybe
rotating out old comb after a few years (not a bad practice to do anyway
if you have the time and energy).

The relationship Varroa has no with our bees, is very unique and
dynamic. The bees are under pressure, as are the mites, to live long
enough to reproduce. We're in the middle of a fascinating biological
story--the end of which nobody can see, so as you buy Apistan, use
other mite treatments, and clean out dead hives, remember that you've
been keeping bees in exciting times!

Adam 
-- 
Adam Finkelstein                   
adamf@vt.edu
http://sunsite.unc.edu/bees/adamf


Article 11289 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!newsgate.duke.edu!nntprelay.mathworks.com!newsfeed.internetmci.com!207.103.147.20!news.voicenet.com!nntp.upenn.edu!dolphin.upenn.edu!djt
From: djt@dolphin.upenn.edu (David J Trickett)
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: Re: First swarm of the year
Date: 3 Mar 1998 22:18:12 GMT
Organization: University of Pennsylvania
Lines: 18
Message-ID: <6dhvj4$vng$1@netnews.upenn.edu>
References: <6dcij3$gur@bgtnsc02.worldnet.att.net>
NNTP-Posting-Host: dolphin.upenn.edu
X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.2 PL2-upenn1.3]
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11289

George,

It's already Tuesday, but I'll give you my 2 cents worth anyway.  As for location, they should 
be fine.  I've never found this to be a problem, particularly if we're having intermittently 
warm weather in the early SPring.

As for foundation.  You may find yourself amazed at how quickly and how much comb they will 
build...  If you can get new foundation and frames on the hive immediately, then do so.  In a 
pinch, you can divide a single sheet of foundation into three pieces and put those into three 
separate frames.  Be sure that they are attached to the top (topbar) of the frames, rather than 
the bottoms - since they will build down...  When doing this, don't have any wire 
reinforcements running along the frames except for where the foundation extends... I presume 
these will be for brood anyway, so the reinforcement is not really necessary...  They will draw 
out the existing foundation and *hopefully* continue to build down within the frame.  They may 
also of course just end up putting in cross comb, but I've had pretty good luck doing just as 
I've described when I was low on foundation.

Dave T.


Article 11290 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
From: peter.hutton@amigabee.org.uk (Peter Hutton)
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!newsgate.duke.edu!nntprelay.mathworks.com!logbridge.uoregon.edu!news.maxwell.syr.edu!rill.news.pipex.net!pipex!join.news.pipex.net!pipex!news.pcug.co.uk!amigabee!peter.hutton
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: Hive question
Message-ID: <888962448@amigabee.org.uk>
Date: Mon, 02 Mar 1998 04:15:54 GMT
Distribution: world
Organization: Amigabee computer networking for beekeepers

CHRS: IBMPC 2

CODEPAGE: 437

MSGID: 240:244/116 2d43bfa9

REPLY: 240:44/0 985b7cc2

PID: FDAPX/w 1.12a UnReg(226)
Lines: 17
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11290

Sure, western red cedar (Thuja plicata) is used in the UK for hive making as it
is naturally rot resistant and light weight as well. It machines well and is
often clear of knots. If you are comb slotting the joints you must have a
harder backing board to prevent spelching otherwise the cutters tend to tear
out the back of the joint. Woodpeckers make quick work through the hand holds
but they do that even in ply. A friend of mine uses Wellingtonia, (Sequoia
dendron) for his hives again because of the wide boards and freedom from knots
but these area lot heavier.
Most important thing when making hives is that you get the beespace right and
that the frames fit snugly. I make all my own hives, frames. foundation etc.
Poor old dealers never see me these days.

Best wishes from the Garden of England
Peter Hutton

---
 * Origin: Kent Beekeeper Beenet Point (240:244/116)


Article 11291 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!rutgers!news.sgi.com!news.iag.net!news-spur1.maxwell.syr.edu!news.maxwell.syr.edu!newsfeed.internetmci.com!24.128.1.125!chnws03.mediaone.net!24.128.1.107!chnws04.ne.mediaone.net!not-for-mail
From: Kathy <beesbest@ne.mediaone.net>
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: Re: Varroa Detection in Field Bees
Date: Tue, 03 Mar 1998 18:33:36 -0500
Organization: Red Maple Farm
Lines: 115
Message-ID: <34FC9350.448150A7@ne.mediaone.net>
References: <34F5B948.613BB192@mines.edu> <199803011855.KAA00630@ix.netcom.com>
Reply-To: beesbest@ne.mediaone.net
NNTP-Posting-Host: beesbest.ne.mediaone.net
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.01 [en]C-MOENE  (Win95; U)
To: Brian@ne.mediaone.net
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11291

Anonymous wrote:

> I think it would probably be possible to detect Varroa presence by
> sampling
> field bees, although whether anyone has been able to work out some
> sort of
> linear relation between the rate of field bee parasitization and total
> number
> of Varroa in the hive is an open question.  Might make a good research
> project
> or subject for a doctoral dissertation.

I don't think it would be likely to detect varroa presence by sampling
field bees. Two reasons, one is that field bees are older bees and there
has been some recent research that indicates that the "mite resistance"
that some breeders are finding has to do with the varroa and the
trachael mites being able to sense the age of the bee and hitching a
ride on (varroa) or entering the trachea of  (trachael) *young* bees.
Think about it.. would survival of varroa mites be better served by
feeding on young nurse bees in the brood nest, then dropping into the
cells to breed during the pupal stage of other bees?  Or would the
survival of the varroa be better served by hitchhiking a ride on any age
bee and  face the possibility of  foraging with her, falling off, and
never reproducing?

The second reason is that it would be a PIA to sample bees loosely
scattered in the field instead of concentrated in the hive. And, if one
assumes that counting varroa on field bees was a reasonable way to
assess infestation, then if you did find a varroa mite on a foraging
bee, how would you know which colony to treat? However, I think the
answer would be *all of them--now!* 'cuz  i suspect that if you found a
varroa mite on a field bee, it would probably be a really bad sign

> When the bees are in the hive, I believe the mites move from bee to
> bee rather
> readily, without regard to the age of the bees involved.  Quick little
> buggers
> too, as anyone who has watched them crawling around on a bee for a
> while can
> attest.  Even if they didn't change bees from time to time though, a
> certain
> percentage of young bees would mature into field bee age with a mite
> or two on
> 'em, wouldn't they?  So it should definitely be possible to detect
> Varroa
> presence by sampling the field bees.

I don't think so. By the time a honeybee has matured to the point that
she is a forager (14-20 days in the summer) the varroa have already had
their blood meal and are in the soon to be capped cells laying their
eggs.  Pay attention to your colonies this summer when the honey supers
are on, notice how many varroa aren't on the bees working the supers
(especially if you have an upper hive entrance), or better yet--crouch
next to your landing board and watch the bees landing on the bottom
board, bet you see no varroa on them.

> I have a similar question about Varroa though, which is how to
> estimate the
> mite load on the bees for purposes of deciding whether to treat with
> Apistan
> or not.  For most commercial beekeepers, I guess this is not an issue,
> since it is my
> understanding that they always treat.  But I'm just a hobbyist with a
> few
> hives, like to be as "organic" as I can,  and don't like the added
> expense of
> the miticide if it's not strictly necessary.

Read the publications... IBRA (International Beekeeping Research
Association), whose web site is at  http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/ibra/ has a
marvelous publication on varroa mites. The publications indicate that
for each type of mite, at different times of year and in different
climates, there are different threshholds for treatment. Two extreme
examples for MA, USA, if in September  i found no more than two mites
per colony in a bee yard (in ~50 scratched brood; 100 young adults in an
ether roll; AND on the bottom board) I wouldn't treat any of the
colonies in that yard. If, however, i found the same in April.. I'd
definitely treat.

> Currently I'm trying some experiments to get a handle on this.  But
> like much
> in agriculture, it's slow going.  Anybody out there already try their
> own
> experiments, or have any words of wisdom on this question that they'd
> like to
> share?

FWIW, there it is...

Kathy (who wishes there was an old, wild, possibly resistant colony near
here also)

P.S. Brian, sorry I missed your original post, i think that if you
really want to test that colony's varroa resistance, try following some
of the methods of colony trapping published in the recent years in the
bee mags, or try a search through deja news. Once you get them onto
moveable frames, you ought to be able to test them.  I'd love to know
what you find.


> Brian <ballen@mines.edu> asked:
>
> >I am interested in information about how to detect Varroa mites in
> field
> >bees or if these mites just stay on nurse bees in the hive.  I know
> the
> >location of at least one easily monitored wild hive which has been
> >apparently very healthy for at least three years in the Golden,
> Colorado
> >area and I am interested in attempting to determine if this wild hive
>
> >has any natural resistance to Varroa or simply has not been exposed
> yet.
> > <snip>



Article 11292 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
From: "Durk Ellison" <Durk.Ellison@beenet.pp.sci.fi>
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: Apitherapy
Date: Tue, 3 Mar 1998 13:32:52 +0200
Organization: Scifi Communications International, http://www.sci.fi/, helpdesk@sci.fi, +358 3 2899111
Lines: 16
Message-ID: <6dgpoo$mhb$2@tron.sci.fi>
NNTP-Posting-Host: dclxxvii.hdyn.sci.fi
X-Newsreader: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.2106.4
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.2106.4
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!nntp-xfer.ncsu.edu!gatech!205.252.116.205.MISMATCH!howland.erols.net!news-peer.sprintlink.net!news.sprintlink.net!Sprint!newsfeed.nacamar.de!news-hh.maz.net!news-feed.dus.tfi.de!news-feed.sto.telegate.se!nntp.inet.fi!news.sci.fi!not-for-mail
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11292


For those of you that are interested " The Apitherapy Reference Data
Base" WEB page is now available at http://www.sci.fi/~apither/
--
--
Regards from:
Durk Ellison

Vantaa, Finland
BeeNet : 240:346/300.8
e-mail : Durk.Ellison@beenet.pp.sci.fi
Packet : oh2zas @ oh2rbt.#hki.fin.eu






Article 11293 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!newsgate.duke.edu!nntprelay.mathworks.com!newsfeed.internetmci.com!206.20.110.210!fresh!anon.lcs.mit.edu!nym.alias.net!mail2news
Date: Tue, 3 Mar 1998 08:47:49 -0800
Message-ID: <199803031647.IAA00594@ix.netcom.com>
From: Anonymous <nobody@neva.org>
Comments: Please report problems with this automated remailing service
	to <admin@neva.org>. The message sender's identity
	is unknown, unlogged, and not replyable.
Subject: Re: Varroa Detection in Field Bees
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
References: <34FC9350.448150A7@ne.mediaone.net>
Mail-To-News-Contact: postmaster@nym.alias.net
Organization: mail2news@nym.alias.net
Lines: 184
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11293

Kathy <beesbest@ne.mediaone.net> replied to my question:

>
>Anonymous wrote:
>
>> I think it would probably be possible to detect Varroa presence by
>> sampling
>> field bees, although whether anyone has been able to work out some
>> sort of
>> linear relation between the rate of field bee parasitization and total
>> number
>> of Varroa in the hive is an open question.  Might make a good research
>> project
>> or subject for a doctoral dissertation.
>
>I don't think it would be likely to detect varroa presence by sampling
>field bees. Two reasons, one is that field bees are older bees and there
>has been some recent research that indicates that the "mite resistance"
>that some breeders are finding has to do with the varroa and the
>trachael mites being able to sense the age of the bee and hitching a
>ride on (varroa) or entering the trachea of  (trachael) *young* bees.

If mites are able to do this, and never infest older bees, either leaving them
for a younger bee or a pupa, that would be very significant, you're right.
But if that's been conclusively established, it's news to me.  However, I
recall finding mites on bees that have ridden in on the fabric of my clothes
when I've worked with them, and those were very likely field bees that were
trying to repel an "invader" -- me, the beekeeper.

>Think about it.. would survival of varroa mites be better served by
>feeding on young nurse bees in the brood nest, then dropping into the
>cells to breed during the pupal stage of other bees?  Or would the
>survival of the varroa be better served by hitchhiking a ride on any age
>bee and  face the possibility of  foraging with her, falling off, and
>never reproducing?

True, but I don't think they they fall off very readily.  Wish they did
though.

>
>The second reason is that it would be a PIA to sample bees loosely
>scattered in the field instead of concentrated in the hive. And, if one
>assumes that counting varroa on field bees was a reasonable way to
>assess infestation, then if you did find a varroa mite on a foraging
>bee, how would you know which colony to treat? 

The easy way would be to sample by placing a trap at the colony entrance, such
that as the bees enter or exit, a certain percentage could be inspected.  I
think that's what Brian was talking about anyway.

>However, I think the
>answer would be *all of them--now!* 'cuz  i suspect that if you found a
>varroa mite on a field bee, it would probably be a really bad sign
>
>> When the bees are in the hive, I believe the mites move from bee to
>> bee rather
>> readily, without regard to the age of the bees involved.  Quick little
>> buggers
>> too, as anyone who has watched them crawling around on a bee for a
>> while can
>> attest.  Even if they didn't change bees from time to time though, a
>> certain
>> percentage of young bees would mature into field bee age with a mite
>> or two on
>> 'em, wouldn't they?  So it should definitely be possible to detect
>> Varroa
>> presence by sampling the field bees.
>
>I don't think so. By the time a honeybee has matured to the point that
>she is a forager (14-20 days in the summer) the varroa have already had
>their blood meal and are in the soon to be capped cells laying their
>eggs.  Pay attention to your colonies this summer when the honey supers
>are on, notice how many varroa aren't on the bees working the supers
>(especially if you have an upper hive entrance), or better yet--crouch
>next to your landing board and watch the bees landing on the bottom
>board, bet you see no varroa on them.
>
>> I have a similar question about Varroa though, which is how to
>> estimate the
>> mite load on the bees for purposes of deciding whether to treat with
>> Apistan
>> or not.  For most commercial beekeepers, I guess this is not an issue,
>> since it is my
>> understanding that they always treat.  But I'm just a hobbyist with a
>> few
>> hives, like to be as "organic" as I can,  and don't like the added
>> expense of
>> the miticide if it's not strictly necessary.
>
>Read the publications... IBRA (International Beekeeping Research
>Association), whose web site is at  http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/ibra/ has a
>marvelous publication on varroa mites. The publications indicate that
>for each type of mite, at different times of year and in different
>climates, there are different threshholds for treatment. Two extreme
>examples for MA, USA, if in September  i found no more than two mites
>per colony in a bee yard (in ~50 scratched brood; 100 young adults in an
>ether roll; AND on the bottom board) I wouldn't treat any of the
>colonies in that yard. If, however, i found the same in April.. I'd
>definitely treat.
>
>> Currently I'm trying some experiments to get a handle on this.  But
>> like much
>> in agriculture, it's slow going.  Anybody out there already try their
>> own
>> experiments, or have any words of wisdom on this question that they'd
>> like to
>> share?
>
>FWIW, there it is...

Thanks.

>
>Kathy (who wishes there was an old, wild, possibly resistant colony near
>here also)

I have one here that is going into its third year.

<snip remainder>



































































Article 11294 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!rutgers!news.sgi.com!csulb.edu!gatech!cpk-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!denver-news-feed1.bbnplanet.com!news.bbnplanet.com!csn!nntp-xfer-1.csn.net!herald.Mines.EDU!not-for-mail
From: Brian <ballen@mines.edu>
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: Low on foundation: Was - Re: First swarm of the year
Date: Tue, 03 Mar 1998 19:56:53 -0700
Organization: Colorado School of Mines
Lines: 29
Message-ID: <34FCC2F5.CB10D15@mines.edu>
References: <6dcij3$gur@bgtnsc02.worldnet.att.net> <6dhvj4$vng$1@netnews.upenn.edu>
NNTP-Posting-Host: metsb.mines.edu
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.03 [en] (WinNT; I)
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11294



David J Trickett wrote:

>
>
> As for foundation.  You may find yourself amazed at how quickly and how much comb they will
> build...  If you can get new foundation and frames on the hive immediately, then do so.  In a
> pinch, you can divide a single sheet of foundation into three pieces and put those into three
> separate frames.  Be sure that they are attached to the top (topbar) of the frames, rather than
> the bottoms - since they will build down...  When doing this, don't have any wire
> reinforcements running along the frames except for where the foundation extends... I presume
> these will be for brood anyway, so the reinforcement is not really necessary...  They will draw
> out the existing foundation and *hopefully* continue to build down within the frame.  They may
> also of course just end up putting in cross comb, but I've had pretty good luck doing just as
> I've described when I was low on foundation.
>
> Dave T.


I've also had pretty fair luck by spacing empty frames amongst fully drawn frames of wax.  If the
hive is level, the bees will usually do a pretty good job of filling out a frame with straight
comb, assuming the combs on either side are straight and even.  Not practical for a commercial
operation I understand, but as I am a small hobbiest who cannot afford an extractor, I usually end
up just cutting the honeycomb out of the frames anyway.  Not as much honey as they have to replace
all the wax each year, but I still have enough honey and I can use the wax anyway.

Brian Allen



Article 11295 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
From: "Chip McCurdy" <Beeman@hom.net>
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: Packaged Bees
Date: Tue, 3 Mar 1998 23:03:56 -0500
Lines: 24
Organization: Ambrosia Apiaries
X-Newsreader: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.2106.4
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.2106.4
NNTP-Posting-Host: pm3-1-user-39.cvl.hom.net
X-NNTP-Posting-Host: pm3-1-user-39.cvl.hom.net
Message-ID: <34fcd413.0@news1.mid-ga.com>
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!newsgate.duke.edu!nntprelay.mathworks.com!news.maxwell.syr.edu!news.oru.edu!nntp.mid-ga.com!news1.mid-ga.com!pm3-1-user-39.cvl.hom.net
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11295

I'm looking for a packaged bee supplier in central Louisiana. Anybody know
of one?
Thanks in advance...

--
Chip McCurdy
Ambrosia Apiaries
1304 Davis Avenue
Perry, Georgia  31069
Beeman@Georgia.com
http://www.GEORGIAHONEY.com
============================
Heart of Georgia Beekeepers Association
http://www.hom.net/~beeman
========================
SEE OUR EXHIBIT AT THE
GEORGIA NATIONAL FAIR
IN PERRY, GEORGIA  USA
OCTOBER 9th thru 18th 1998
http://www.gnfa.com






Article 11296 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!gatech!cpk-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!news.bbnplanet.com!newsfeed.internetmci.com!199.117.161.1!csn!nntp-xfer-1.csn.net!herald.Mines.EDU!not-for-mail
From: Brian <ballen@mines.edu>
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: Re: Varroa Detection in Field Bees
Date: Tue, 03 Mar 1998 20:49:51 -0700
Organization: Colorado School of Mines
Lines: 65
Message-ID: <34FCCF5E.31F549CA@mines.edu>
References: <34FC9350.448150A7@ne.mediaone.net> <199803031647.IAA00594@ix.netcom.com>
NNTP-Posting-Host: metsb.mines.edu
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.03 [en] (WinNT; I)
To: Anonymous <nobody@neva.org>
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11296

I was actually thinking of taking a sampling of bees from the enterance of the
wild hive.  Since this hive has appeared quite healthy for three years, and I
believe there is Varroa in Golden, CO, I was hoping maybe they had some degree of
resistance.  If I find they do have mites, but they continue to survive then I may
be on to something.  If they have no mites, then they either have not been exposed
or they are fully mite resistant (both of which seem unlikely), and I'm not sure
if it would be possible to tell which without purposfully infecting them, which I
am not inclined to do.

It wouldn't be difficult to get a good quantity of bees from the entrance
(difficult is a relative term, the hive is in a hollow maple tree with the hive
entrance probably 25 feet up), but it would be relatively impossible to get a
sample of bees from a brood comb as is mentioned in most varroa testing I have
read about.  The other issue is that the tree is actually in someone's front yard,
and I am loath to approach them about it because I fear that if they do not
already know about the hive they might over-react and call the exterminator.

It seems to me that varroa mites MUST also infect field bees at least to a small
degree or the mites would never be transfered from hive to hive.  Either an
infected field bee must enter a non-infected hive, a robber field bee from a
non-infected hive must enter an infected hive and carry mites back out, or a mite
must move from an infected field bee to a field bee from a non-infected hive while
both are at the same flower.  If varroa mites never infect field bees, I can't see
how they can possibly spread other then by accompanying swarms.

The intent of my question really was to try and determine how many field bees I
would have to collect from the enterance of a wild hive to be sure of an accurate
diagnosis of a hive.  I assume even a single mite means the hive is invected, but
do I need to sample 10, 100 or 1000 field bees at the hive enterance to ensure an
accurate diagnosis?  Of course this will vary with the infestation level of the
hive, but you get the idea.

Evidentally no one had done it yet, but as someone else said, it would be very
interesting for someone to do a comparison experiment correlating varroa loads on
different types and ages of bees from the same hive.

Something like:

1mite/100 field bees = 10 mites/100 nurse bees = 7 mites/100 worker brood = 50
mites/100 drone brood.

It wouldn't seem that hard to do. I'm just a hobbyist with (as of yet) mite free
bees at a relatively remote mountain location, or I'd volunteer do it myself and
post the results.  How about it anyone?

I also know there are honey bees in parts of a nearby national forest I hike
occasionally.  Since I see field bees working flowers quite deep into the forest,
I am assuming they are from wild hives.  As these bees are in very mountainous
terrain, I assume they have not yet been exposed, but you never know. Since I have
just been wandering around the woods anyway, and since I have long been interested
trying "bee hunting" or "bee lining", I figured I could just combine some of these
activities and monitor a few of these hives (if I ever find any and if they do
turn out to be wild) for mite resistance.

No offence to the many fine people who are trying to develop mite resistant bees,
but I believe that the solution to this problem will likely come from mother
nature rather than the hand of man.  When it comes to higher yields, gentleness,
or low swarm inclination, selective breeding is essential as natural selection
will not breed for traits over and above what is required for species survival,
but when it comes to sheer survival, no human program can possibly match the
ruthless culling of the weak and the huge variety of genetic combnations  going on
in the "natural experiment".

Brian



Article 11297 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!rutgers!usenet.logical.net!nntprelay.mathworks.com!newsfeed.internetmci.com!205.139.56.103!news.pe.net!ns
From: amschelp@pe.net (Peter Amschel)
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: Re: Low on foundation: Was - Re: First swarm of the year
Date: Wed, 04 Mar 1998 04:19:14 GMT
Organization: PE.net - Internet access from the Press-Enterprise Company
Lines: 15
Message-ID: <6dikl5$po6$1@arlington.pe.net>
References: <6dcij3$gur@bgtnsc02.worldnet.att.net> <6dhvj4$vng$1@netnews.upenn.edu> <34FCC2F5.CB10D15@mines.edu>
NNTP-Posting-Host: hem02ppp07.pe.net
X-Newsreader: News Xpress 2.01
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11297

In article <3bs on either side are straight and even.  Not practical
> for a commercial
>operation I understand, but as I am a small hobbiest who cannot afford an
> extractor, I usually end
>up just cutting the honeycomb out of the frames anyway.  Not as much honey as
> they have to replace
>all the wax each year, but I still have enough honey and I can use the wax
> anyway.
>
>Brian Allen
>
I am a small but smooth operator, too, overseeing one top bar hive this 
year. Yesterday I gave a gift baggie of some of the comb honey to a lady and 
she was as happy as if I had given her gold. Top bar hive honeycomb is very 
fine indeed.


Article 11298 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!newsgate.duke.edu!nntprelay.mathworks.com!newsfeed.internetmci.com!205.139.56.103!news.pe.net!ns
From: amschelp@pe.net (Peter Amschel)
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: Re: Varroa Detection in Field Bees
Date: Wed, 04 Mar 1998 04:43:31 GMT
Organization: PE.net - Internet access from the Press-Enterprise Company
Lines: 11
Message-ID: <6dim2q$r2k$1@arlington.pe.net>
References: <34FC9350.448150A7@ne.mediaone.net> <199803031647.IAA00594@ix.netcom.com> <34FCCF5E.31F549CA@mines.edu>
NNTP-Posting-Host: hem02ppp07.pe.net
X-Newsreader: News Xpress 2.01
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11298

In article <


I'm with you Brian. Last month I was hiking in one of the Palm Springs Indian 
Canyons and there is a honeybee hive in a rock crevice that the guide showed 
us. Apparently that hive has lived there continuously for a quite a long time. 
A person should be able to check out a feral hive like that with one of those 
fiber optic arthroscopy tubes. Those tubes come equipped with lights and 
little snippers and magnifying glasses so that maybe you could confirm your 
theories with one of those medical instruments like that if you could figure 
out where the doctors get those items.


Article 11299 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!titan.oit.unc.edu!usenet
From: adamf@titan.oit.unc.edu (Adam Finkelstein)
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: Re: Varroa Detection in Field Bees
Date: 4 Mar 1998 08:23:25 -0500
Organization: SunSITE UNC-CH
Lines: 70
Message-ID: <6djkkd$gca@titan.oit.unc.edu>
References: <34FC9350.448150A7@ne.mediaone.net> <199803031647.IAA00594@ix.netcom.com> <34FCCF5E.31F549CA@mines.edu>
NNTP-Posting-Host: titan.oit.unc.edu
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11299

In article <34FCCF5E.31F549CA@mines.edu>, Brian  <ballen@mines.edu> wrote:
>No offence to the many fine people who are trying to develop mite resistant bees,
>but I believe that the solution to this problem will likely come from mother
>nature rather than the hand of man.  When it comes to higher yields, gentleness,
>or low swarm inclination, selective breeding is essential as natural selection
>will not breed for traits over and above what is required for species survival,
>but when it comes to sheer survival, no human program can possibly match the
>ruthless culling of the weak and the huge variety of genetic combnations  going on
>in the "natural experiment".

I beg to differ.

If one is going to assume that natural selection is a main driving force in
evolutionary success, then one may also assume that *selection* itself
drives the success. Artificial selection has been very successful in
agriculture, for example observe any domesticated animals. How about dogs.
In less than 500 years, the two dog breeds, Great Dane and Chihuahua have
been selected for, by man. They are still the same species, but if given
time, they'd probably become reproductively isolated. (I picked the breeds
for that reason ;-)   ). This time-frame of 500 years for this advanced
divergence blows natural selection away in (philosophically speaking)
efficiency. Artificial selection, via human program, has out done natural
selection.

Lets look at honey bees. First off, since _Apis mellifera_ is not native to
North America, the comparison of natural selection to artificial selection
is somewhat fruitless--since a "human program" brought the honey bees to
this habitat. Perhaps honey bees would be very different if they had not
crossed the Atlantic, perhaps not. Why didn't an analogous form evolve here
in North America? Who knows, but bees in North America are here from man's
intervention--as are Varroa. Therefore, the stage is set, selectionally
speaking, to be biased toward artificial.

Natural selection doesn't breed for traits. Natural selection isn't a
mechanism--it's a concept. The key word in natural selection is random.
Random. Why couldn't there be a bee phenotype that was Varroa resistant and
produced honey? There could. Through the process of natural selection, via
the mechanisms of each organism's gene expression in progeny, there will be
random combinations. It is entirely feasible that through natural
selection, there could be no offspring that could survive the environment,
and the organism could locally go extinct. An example would be intense Winter
colony losses a few years after Varroa appeared. 


You wrote:

"but when it comes to sheer survival, no human program can possibly match
the ruthless culling of the weak and the huge variety of genetic
combinations going on in the "natural experiment"."

Perhaps. But, since honey bees are agricultural animals and have been
selected by man for a very long time, this "huge variety of genetic
combinations" you describe is not too huge. The idea that out there
somewhere is a hive with traits for Varroa mite tolerance is somewhat
naive--since we haven't really determined exactly how this mite damages
hives. Maybe, when knowledge is obtained about the mite's mode of action,
and what exactly is happening at a physiological level, we'll be able to
*know* what to select for, and push down hard on our selection.

The model of "finding the single resistant hive" is optimistic, but I fear,
not feasible. Phenotypes change in populations slowly. 

Honey bees are extremely difficult to breed. Ask any breeder. 
 
Adam
(my margins are set to 75)
-- 
___________________________________________________________________________
Adam Finkelstein               Internet Apiculture and Beekeeping Archive
adamf@sunsite.unc.edu          http://sunsite.unc.edu/bees 


Article 11300 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!gatech!205.252.116.205.MISMATCH!howland.erols.net!newsfeed.internetmci.com!206.20.110.210!fresh!anon.lcs.mit.edu!nym.alias.net!mail2news
Date: Tue, 3 Mar 1998 20:35:30 -0800
Message-ID: <199803040435.UAA00559@ix.netcom.com>
From: Anonymous <nobody@neva.org>
Comments: Please report problems with this automated remailing service
	to <admin@neva.org>. The message sender's identity
	is unknown, unlogged, and not replyable.
Subject: Re: Varroa Detection in Field Bees
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
References: <34FCCF5E.31F549CA@mines.edu>
Mail-To-News-Contact: postmaster@nym.alias.net
Organization: mail2news@nym.alias.net
Lines: 26
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11300

Brian <ballen@mines.edu> wrote:
>
>It seems to me that varroa mites MUST also infect field bees at least to a
>small
>degree or the mites would never be transfered from hive to hive.  Either an
>infected field bee must enter a non-infected hive, a robber field bee from a
>non-infected hive must enter an infected hive and carry mites back out, or a
>mite
>must move from an infected field bee to a field bee from a non-infected hive
>while
>both are at the same flower.  If varroa mites never infect field bees, I
>can't see
>how they can possibly spread other then by accompanying swarms.
>

I have heard the theory that parasitized drones, drifting from hive to hive,
are the primary means of spreading Varroa.

Good luck, and let us know how it goes. 









Article 11301 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!newsgate.duke.edu!nntprelay.mathworks.com!news-peer-east.sprintlink.net!news.sprintlink.net!Sprint!rill.news.pipex.net!pipex!news.clara.net!nnrp1.clara.net!not-for-mail
From: James Brown <james.b@clara.net>
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: LATEST NEWS ON B.S.E. -- COW.DOC (0/3)
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 98 17:52:20 GMT
Lines: 9
Message-ID: <980304175220.n0000908.james.b@mail.clara.net>
Reply-To: James Brown <james.b@clara.net>
NNTP-Posting-Host: 195.8.75.226
X-Attachment: COW.DOC (0/3)
X-Newsreader: atlantis mail 32
X-No-Archive: yes
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11301

Thank-you for reading this news article.

Please deccode the following attatchment to find out the very latest on B.S.E.

James Brown

james.b@clara.net




Article 11302 of sci.agriculture.beekeeping:
Path: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu!news-relay.ncren.net!newsgate.duke.edu!nntprelay.mathworks.com!news-peer-east.sprintlink.net!news.sprintlink.net!Sprint!rill.news.pipex.net!pipex!dispose.news.demon.net!demon!nntp.news.xara.net!xara.net!news.clara.net!nnrp1.clara.net!not-for-mail
From: James Brown <james.b@clara.net>
Newsgroups: sci.agriculture.beekeeping
Subject: LATEST NEWS ON B.S.E. -- COW.DOC (1/3)
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 98 17:52:20 GMT
Message-ID: <980304175220.n0000909.james.b@mail.clara.net>
Reply-To: James Brown <james.b@clara.net>
NNTP-Posting-Host: 195.8.75.226
X-Attachment: COW.DOC (1/3)
X-Newsreader: atlantis mail 32
X-No-Archive: yes
Lines: 2278
Xref: fddinewz.oit.unc.edu sci.agriculture.beekeeping:11302

begin 644 COW.DOC
MT,\1X*&Q&N$`````````````````````.P`#`/[_"0`&```````````````$
M`````0``````````$````@````(```#^____``````````"`````J@```*L`
M``#_________________________________________________________
M____________________________________________________________
M____________________________________________________________
M____________________________________________________________
M____________________________________________________________
M____________________________________________________________
M____________________________________________________________
M____________________________________________________________
M____________________________________________________________
M_______________________]____(0```)P````B````!0````8````'````
M"`````D````*````"P````P````-````#@````\````0````$0```!(````3
M````%````!4````6````%P```!@````9````&@```!L````<````'0```!X`
M```?````(````'\````I````(P```"0````E````)@```"<````H````*@``
M`)L````K````+````"T````N````G0```#`````Q````,@```#,````T````
M-0```#8````W````.````#D````Z````.P```#P````]````/@```#\```!`
M````00```$(```!#````1````$4```!&````1P```$@```!)````2@```$L`
M``!,````30```$X```!/````4````%$```!2````4P```%0```!5````5@``
M`%<```!8````60```%H```!;````7````%T```!>````7P```&````!A````
M8@```&,```!D````90```&8```!G````:````&D```!J````:P```&P```!M
M````;@```&\```!P````<0```'(```!S````=````'4```!V````=P```'@`
M``!Y````>@```'L```!\````?0```'X```#^____@0```%(`;P!O`'0`(`!%
M`&X`=`!R`'D`````````````````````````````````````````````````
M```````````6``4`__________\#``````D"``````#`````````1@``````
M`````````(:`E@$*P;P!`P```(`S`````````0!#`&\`;0!P`$\`8@!J````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M`!(``@'_______________\`````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````8@````````!7`&\`<@!D`$0`;P!C`'4`;0!E`&X`=```
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````&@`"`?__
M__\4````_____P``````````````````````````````````````````````
M``0````?>P```````$\`8@!J`&4`8P!T`%``;P!O`&P`````````````````
M```````````````````````````````````````````6``$!`0````(````$
M``````````````````````````````"&4V4`"L&\`89390`*P;P!`````-0-
M-!1`!-0-`0```/[____^____!````/[___\&````!P````@````)````"@``
M``L````,````#0````X````/````$````!$````2````$P```!0````5````
M%@```!<````8````&0```!H````;````'````!T````>````'P```"`````A
M````(@```",````D````)0```"8````G````*````"D````J````*P```"P`
M```M````+@```"\````P````,0```#(````S````-````#4````V````-P``
M`#@````Y````.@```#L````\````_O___SX````_````0````$$```!"````
M0P```$0```!%````1@```$<```!(````20```$H```!+````3````$T```!.
M````3P```%````!1````4@```%,```!4````50```%8```!7````6````%D`
M``!:````6P```%P```!=````7@```/[___]@````_O____[____^____9```
M`/[___]F````9P```&@```!I````:@```&L```!L````;0```&X```!O````
M<````'$```!R````<P```'0```!U````=@```'<```!X````>0```'H```![
M````?````'T```!^````?P```(`````!`/[_`PH``/____\`"0(``````,``
M``````!&'````$UI8W)O<V]F="!7;W)D(#8N,"!$;V-U;65N=``*````35-7
M;W)D1&]C`!````!7;W)D+D1O8W5M96YT+C8``````#L``P#^_PD`!@``````
M`````````0````$```````$```(`````````````````````T,\1X*&Q&N$`
M````````````````````.P`#`/[_"0`&``````````````!,``````````$8
M"`!&`P``1@,``-L!``#;`0```````````````````````.@#``#H`P``````
M````````````````````````````T,\1X*&Q&N$`````````````````````
M.P`#`/[_"0`&```````````````!`````0````@`1@-&`P```0`)```#WP8`
M``(`(@8`````$0```"8&#P`8`/____\``!``VP<``%L,``"9"```&0T```D`
M```F!@\`"`#_____`@```!<````F!@\`(P#_____!``;`%1.4%`4`+#K`#``
M````%````.07AP`````````*````)@8/``H`5$Y04````@#T`PD````F!@\`
M"`#_____`P````\````F!@\`%`!43E!0!``,``$````!`````````-RE90`S
MP`D$```(`&4````````````````#```+!```'WL`````````````````````
M```)`0````````$`````````````````````````````````````=```K@``
M``!T``"N````KG0```````"N=````````*YT````````KG0```````"N=```
M%````-AT````````V'0```````#8=````````-AT````````V'0```@```#@
M=```"@```.IT```*````V'0````````^>@``,0```/1T```H````''4`````
M```<=0```````!QU````````''4````````<=0```````!QU````````''4`
M``````"5=@```@```)=V````````EW8```````"7=@``*0```,!V``"P`0``
M<'@``+`!```@>@``'@```&]Z``!4````PWH``%P````^>@``````````````
M``````````````"N=````````!QU```````````X`#D``0`!`!QU````````
M''4`````````````````````````````''4````````<=0```````#YZ````
M````''4```````"N=````````*YT````````''4`````````````````````
M````````]'0````````<=0```````!QU````````''4````````<=0``````
M`*YT````````''4```````"N=````````!QU````````E78`````````````
M````````````````PG0```@```#*=```#@```*YT````````KG0```````"N
M=````````*YT````````''4```````"5=@```````!QU``!Y`0``''4`````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M``````````````````````````````````````````````````````````T-
M2&]W('1O(&ED96YT:69Y(&EF('EO=7(@8V]W(&AA<R!-041#3U<@9&ES96%S
M92"%A84-#0T-`0D)"0$-#4EF('EO=7(@8V]W('-O=6YD<R!L:6ME('1H:7,L
M('1H96X)"0E)9B!Y;W5R(&-O=R!S;W5N9',@;&EK92!T:&ES+"!T:&5N#69I
M<F4@=7`@=&AE(&)A<F)E8W5E+@D)"0E-87D@=V4@<W5G9V5S="!T:&4@9FES
M:"X)#0D3($5-0D5$(%-O=6YD4F5C("`4`14)*$1O=6)L92!#;&EC:RD)"0D)
M"1,@14U"140@4V]U;F1296,@(!0!%2`H1&]U8FQE($-L:6-K*0T-#0<R-0``
M.@`(`,(3D1,`````````````````````-`L8"^@#Z`,`````````````````
M`````````````0`)```#>QH```(`OAD`````$0```"8&#P`8`/____\``!``
M_@4``"X&``!Y"@``G@H```D````F!@\`"`#_____`@```!<````F!@\`(P#_
M____!``;`%1.4%`4`+#K`#``````%````.07AP`````````*````)@8/``H`
M5$Y04````@#T`PD````F!@\`"`#_____`P````\````F!@\`%`!43E!0!``,
M``$````!``````````4````+`BX&_@4%````#`)P!'L$!`````0!#0`0````
M)@8/`!8`_____P``_P4``"\&``!X"@``G0H```0````'`00`OAD``$,/(`#,
M````;`!M``````!L!'<$,`8`!B@```!M````;`````$`"```````0"\``,\.
M``#0#@``_@```/X````````````8``@(````"`@```@I``@0"``0$`@`$!`0
M```0*0``$#$`&!@0`"D8$``(&!@`"!@Q```80@``&$H`&"$8`"$A&``((4H`
M""%:`!`A6@`I*1@`,2D8`$(I&``I*2$`(2DI`!`I2@`(*6,`6C$A`"$Q,0`I
M,3$`(3%"`!@Q6@`0,7,`,3D0`"DY,0`Q.3$`*3DY`"DY0@`I.5(`,3E:`"$Y
M8P`8.7,`$#E[`%I"(0!"0BD`6D(I`$)",0`Y0CD`,4)"`"E"8P`I0H0`(4*,
M`"E"G`!"2A@`<THI`%)*,0!*2CD`6DHY`#E*2@!"2DH`2DI*`#E*8P`A2HP`
M,4JE`#%*K0!K4CD`2E)"`$I22@!"4EH`.5)C`#E2>P`Q4IP`,5*E`'M:.0![
M6D(`6EI*`&M:2@!26E(`0EIC`#E:<P`Y6JT`.5J]`%IC6@!28V,`2F-K`$IC
M<P!*8WL`G&M"`&MK6@![:UH`:VMC`&-K:P!2:W,`:VMS`%)K>P!*:XP`6FN,
M`&MS:P!:<X0`4G.4`%ISM0!*<\X`A'M2`)1[6@"M>UH`>WMK`'-[>P!K>X0`
M6GN,`&M[G`!2>Z4`E(1C`(2$>P!KA(0`<X2$`&.$G`!2A*4`6H2]`%*$U@"U
MC&,`E(QS`)2,>P"$C(0`:XR4`&.,I0!KC*4`>XRE`)R4>P"ME'L`E)2,`(24
ME`!SE)P`<Y2E`(24I0"<E*4`:Y2M`'N4K0",E+4`:Y2]`&N4U@!KE.\`G)R,
M`)2<E`"<G)0`C)R<`(2<I0![G*T`A)R]`'N<Q@"$G,X`YZ5K`+VEC`"<I9P`
MI:6E`(2EK0"$I;4`G*6U`(2EU@#.K80`G*V<`*VMG`"]K9P`G*VE`*VMI0",
MK:T`>ZV]`'NMW@",K>\`Y[6,`*VUI0"EM:T`C+6U`*VUM0"4M;T`I;6]`*VU
MO0"$M<8`C+7.`,Z]C`#>O8P`Y[V,`.^]C`#.O90`K;VU`+V]M0"EO;T`M;V]
M`)2]Q@"4O<X`Y\:4`._&E`#.QJT`M<:]`+W&O0#.QKT`M<;&`)S&S@"EQM8`
MO<;>`(S&_P#GSIP`[\Z<`-;.K0"]SK4`SLZU`*7.O0#6SKT`M<[&`+W.Q@"<
MSLX`G,[6`*7.W@#OUJT`[]:U`+W6S@"UUM8`[]ZM`/_>K0#6WLX`QM[>`,[>
MW@"EWN<`K=[G`+W>YP#6WN<`I=[W`/?GM0#_Y[4`[^?&`/?GQ@#.Y]8`UN?6
M`._GW@"UY^\`K>?W`/_OQ@#W[]X`UN_G`._OYP#&[^\`UN_O`/_WU@#_]]X`
MWO?O`.?W[P#W]^\`QO?_`.?_[P#__^\`___W`-;__P#G__\`____```````%
M!P8%``P816J.N\N[H*N8H4UQ4T-K2R(7-B(B-C8&````!P```0`%``$R,2(B
M-C@L-@40!P4%````````!Q@``!$8&!X0``4`````````````!0`%!0``(BTV
M4UM33D,=$`D0`0@!#0@````````%$!80!0`%!QA9<:"ZH)"ACEE-0T-#6WD&
M`!8+"PL+``L=``AL``4!`2#'60D6"Q8+"P8&$1`&!0````````<O```'+R\>
M!0`'!0`````````````%``4%`")+'%IZ8SQ#/#$=$A\4$A\-``````````8'
M!@``!0<>0UNDS*&DCEHO4TT>,%.J%@L6"Q<6%A88<C1F^Q`!"0%C_3(%%Q<+
M%A<&!A`'```%!04````0+P4``"\Q$0``!04`````````````!04`!0`+-Q<L
M:V)93DY/,1\R,ETR*```````!041$0<&```',"YJN]NAD(YJ0QU30QX>@$(`
M!@L&%@L`'N[X^_@8`0D)GM8)"1`&!R(```4%!@`%!0``````!TX%```'(@8`
M``````````````````4%!04`!EA*2D-J:EMB5%1'6VQ_D6P```````4&$2(0
M!P4%$3`O6<^YNXYJ:E,O3DL=/&*!>7%P6DM9<$.1_?W]HP`!`1$0````````
M```````````````````P!P``$`<````````````%```````!!0<&!0!HUN/+
MS\W/S<W-S;G/S=GE```````%``4'!@4%$!X=%E.[T<UY65196T-466I#:^_]
M_?W]_?VAD^']_6H`````````````````````````````````!@````4`````
M```````````%``````4%!P4&M_GS[.SL[.SR[.SL[.SLY```````!04'"```
M``4Q,!U3D,S,JV<O0W$X35LO``:]_?W]_?W]D$/@[2\```4`````````````
M`````````04%`0T,#`4`````````````````````!04`!0````4`"MORY-K9
MVN3CX]KL[.SCY.P````````%!04````''18P0Y'-RZ)S65M4'D,X````$-S]
M_?AK>VN3_%D`!P4`!0$`````````````````"1,)``$@13$?'04`````````
M````````!0`%````````!1#;\N/LV>SCX^3DV=KCY./D````````````!04%
M#`4&,521JZNAD(Y-$!%#+@````!;_?,X`0`Q^\PX,!$'!0`%````````````
M``$%`2!D'P``$F!5145#"04````````````````!!0``````!Q`%:O+:V>3C
MVNSCX^SDY./CY`````````$%``<8!0@0`%.CHG%S@I%Q.`<?,FH`````'?WY
M/``[<N"K0SP1!@`````!"```````!0$(#1`-,A`%!S,T5D]554\P!0``````
M````````!0```````!$O!UKRY.3C[,KLVN/D[-;LY.0````%```%'041$`4`
M!1Y3>X21D'."6U,Q#`!B(@````#A_?W-W-?@D$LO$```````#0@`````````
M```!``T0&$<?$1U58V1C='-&!@`````````````````````&!A!-[.3CVMGD
MY./LX^/CY./L````!P```1TB$`4O$#%36W1SH7MK<7-38D4=@AT`!0$)X?W]
M9]']_+M#'@4``````1()!0`````````%'0`!(#0R```%/&-SA)V*DC$`````
M``````````````````416NSD[-KLUNS:Y./D[-GDY````!\!!1(.'P4`$5M>
M;)*C<VQ4D7*1<7..HX`1`0$!`?O]_?G]_?WS9P<%!0``!0X3&PT!`0@2'P$8
M25(["0$)`0``!3%CD93&NKI6```````````````````````&$'#SVMG:V=K9
MX^/DVN/DY.P````!`0DA$P$```>@6U.CHY%L>VMQD6MKD=MG```````QQ_W]
M_?W]_6H1$`````DT(3(I,C0S,TA!8$8S9F8@`0````<??7_,T-+7D0``````
M````````````````!1%Y\^SLX^S9Y./LV>S:V>/D```````$&P$`````/%Z=
MT6ISCI%Q?XY49(*K.`````````6=_?W]_?F`$0$!```(,C(@(#0U-#0U21$`
M$';(=P@```$)*'RZW='7\6(```````````````````````80>?/LX]K9Y./:
MV>39Y./:[```````````!04!``6ZW=&ZK*..D:N1DMO=61T1`````````)+]
M_?W]@!`!`````!TI(!\I2#4U2$<0``:3XL@T``$3&RF4T-^]\/%%````````
M```````````````%$&?S[./CY-;LVNS:X^3CX^0``````````````0%#NM&2
MH7%377R1J\S?^-V.%@`````````!\?GY^7D1`0`````%'R`R,TE2-4E'!@`&
M1:C(=P$!#QL/?=W1W?O=,0``````````````````````!@<O\_+DY./:V>39
M[-GLY.3L`````````````!`>/%13,4\Q3W*$<FR1<I.@62T@$0`````%D?WY
M[.R8$0```````!(@,U%14D%)-`8%!2AWC8P?``$)&Y7QX-WQG1X`````````
M``````````````4',-;SX]GD[-KCY-G:V=GDY````````````!^Z8@<O'3$Q
M0U9/5$9&5%9/,$5%,4=%``4(T?WY\];6MSL````!$1$H-$A224DU-34@&$=2
M9F8=!0```2O=^_#P^-(>````````````````````````!A&Y\^SLV=KLX^3C
MY.3CY.P```````````$''04Q'AT=#`4=0T9#,1]&8&R1&`$1'04)!1#;[-G)
MV<MJ&0``,FQ%1TE(-34U035!04EW=W=6$08``!)E\/CX^/C7$0``````````
M``````````````4&M_WLX^/DV=K6[./CX]KC````!QIAI9-_I9U#!6)/!0@%
M`0$%,`D=1G)TNI%UW-S@O=!9<,JTMLJWH%XQ,G*375962$%(2$E(04%)9HRG
M?U,>`0$SW_W\\?S\X1``````````````````````````!7GY[-KLV>3CY./:
M[-KLY````/#[_?W]_?W]T4>"?S$%1EL0""!3,4]'<M_]_/WSVMK)MK2VMK3)
MLZ&KK*.ZD5UL<V1@;W2F=F5E=W>>NJRC<SQDW_W]\=_[_.`%````````````
M``````````````9Q^>SDV>S*[-KDV>/DX^P````>+T]#5L?]\?CONM_WNKWW
MX-+A_,:=H]W3[_W]RI>TMK:_MK;*M+..H+K.U]&@D6Q68W2RLGV(=I6FU+W<
MTKW0X/W]^_OQ^_RC````````````````````````````0_/RX^/:[-GLX]KC
MX^3L``````A=``">_?WH[OCX[_W]_>&ZAY#<^/WY;M?P_<FIMK2VOK:_R;;)
MH8>0D[WGT<Z[TM+7\-?3O=+'\/#[_?O[^/W]_??W^_W]D0``````````````
M`````````````"_M[.S:[,KLRNSC[-KDXP`````AN@4.\/W]_?C]_?W]^:4?
M`3L0$O#]Z#.3W_W*M,O*MMJVR<FSR\JSCI&1H*"ZW?O]_?W\_?S[^_W]_?W]
M_/W]_?O[\/O\_)T```````````````````````````4>S>S:V>/D[./:VMGC
MVNP`````"9('%/S]_?W]_?W[_?WA52"Z\>']^++Q_/W6MLJVRLG*VLO)V=G9
MH()[<EV"D<[X_?C]^/C\_/S]_?W]_?W]_?S]_/S[^_"2'0``````````````
M````````````'>SSX^S:UN/DV>S:[./D`````04-`%7E[?GY_?W]_?W]_?W;
M^/W]_?OW_?W]RK;*V<K*V=GCVMGD[*%S:UYC<G^KJ\[7\.[Q^/#Q^/S]_?S]
M_?S]_?S\^_O@D3$``````````````````````````!;/[./:V=KDY.S6V>39
M[`````$!`0&WVK^VMLKE[_W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_/W]Y<K9UMG:V=G9V>SC[.S+
M:EM=6VRZS.?QW?'Q^_#P^_O]_?S]_?W\_?W\_/W]X(1=```````````%````
M``````````41HO/DX^/LV=G:[-KCY.,````!`0&.VLK:RK_:M,G*[/W]_?W]
M_?W]_/W]X\K:X\KC[./9[.SL\O+S['%>3C!%H]O=\/C\^/C\_?S]_/W]_?S]
M_?W]^_'[_/!S<@P`````````````````````````!:'RY./:V>S:V>39Y.3L
M`````0&@[.3:V>39Y-K:V<KD[/+Y_?W]_?W]\]G9UN/9VN7LY.S6\^WS\^53
M5%,P0W*ZS=SX^/OQ_/W]_/W]_?S\_?O\_/O?^/SP;'(8`````````04`````
M!04`````!0:J\^SDX^/CX^3CX^/CY`````&1[./:X]GLX^3DY.SLY.SLY.SO
M_?W]_?+L[/+L\NSR\O+R\_+SX_WL+5MK(S%3D+KG^/CQ\?SX_?W]_?W]_?O\
M^_SKWOOQNF-R&``````````%`04```$!``````$0N_/CX^3CY.3CVN3CY.0`
M```!S_/L[.SL[.SL[.SL\O+R\NSL\OGY\^SL\NSM\_+R\O/S\_/Y^?G]MQ$Q
M61TQ4W.DY_#<\/'\_?S\_?W]_/S\^_S\\-[?TI.1<D4%`````````0$!!0`!
M``````4`$-;Y[.SD[.3C[.SCY.3L````$.WS\NSL[.SR[/+R\O/R\_/R\_GR
M\O+R\O+SX_+M\OGY^?GY^?G]_9`1,4,\'45QH]S;\/O]_/SXZ/S]_?W]_/OX
M]][3TJ6(K&-5,`$``````04!``$!````!0$!`0:[\_+R\O+R\O+L\NSL[```
M`%OY\^SR\O+R\O+R\O+R\O+R^?+R[>WR\_/M[?GS\_/Y^?GY^?G]_?U;$1A%
M,2\[:[K0\?'Q^/C\_=WX_?O]_?SX^_>F?8MT=)-R8#$%``````$!`0$%`04`
M!0$$!`01I/WR\O+R\O+S\O+R\O(```#R[?/S\_+R\_+S^?/S^?/Y\O/S^>WY
M\^WS\_/S\_GY^?GY_?G]_?W]0P8',!XQ/'&CT?O,^/W]_?W]_?W]_?W]^_OT
M=75C=&1T9(1B$`````$!!00!!`$!`0$$!`0)"9#R\O/R\_+S\O+R\_+S````
M\_/R\O/Y^?/Y\_GY\_GY^?GY\_/S\_/S^?/Y^?GY_?GY^?W]_?W]^3P1$!$[
M,$-KH<S=Y_W]_?S[_/W\_?S]_?O]ZG169*9N<G1U<2,````%`0`!!`D$`00$
M!`0$!!W-^?/R\O+S\O+R\_+S\P```/+R\O+S\_/Y^?GY_?GS^?GY^?GY^?GY
M[?GY^?GY^?GY_?W]_?W]_>PP$1$1,4Y4<:.[^-OX_/C\\?S]_?W]_/?[_?>R
M=61R8W2$DX1D#````0D!"0$!`0$$!`D)"0$2N^WS\_/S\_/S\O+S\_D```#S
M\_/R\_GY_?GY^?GY^?WY^?GY^?GY^?GY^?GY_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W-(@<>,$-K
M:X*KS/'1[N_[_?W]_/W]_?WX^_OOW[)T5596=7UT<4,``0$$`0$)`0$%`0$$
M!`D!<_VA[?WYY?/]_?W]_?G]````\_/S\_GY^?G]^?WY_?GY_?G]_?G]^?W]
M^?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]MQ$''1U#6W*0NKO,S/'X_?C]_?W]_/W\_?W]^]_2
M=%958(2;='14``$)`0D)"0$`````!`$)`8?]SUE[<)'6<5MY>4-#6P```/GS
M^?GY^?W]^?W]_?W]_?G]^?W]_?GY_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_9@=$1XP0VI;
M4W*[D+OX^/S]_?S]_?W]_?W]_/CW\)1D9&"$GLYT5@4!"0D)"0D!!0````$$
M!`D\64,`$09%<6MKCLN`HN4```#Y^?GY_?W]^?W]_?G]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?WY_?W]_?W]_?W]_?V?'C`P,3!B<6HPNJ-3^/W]_?W]_/W]_?W]_/SXU]^R
MA)2(9%9=8Q````@``0$`!04!``4$"0&1_?WOR_UQZ/W]^?GS^?GY````^?GY
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_<^'_?W][/W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]HAXP&#`115M3
M$1`93YV1>V)%5%Y//%MK/#%CD6%%158='5968U48!P$)"2`(#1((`0$!#@$I
M_?GY^?/YX_/S\O+S\O+R\P```/G]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]HJO\SX#]^>[M
M[KNDN[JDHZ&[H7%.HTT%!@<'!P<=$`41$%M;/&M;:Z3=Q]'=X=3<[_S[\-_?
MDJ:RG-YT?#``"1\2"0D."1(2"0$!COGS\O+S\O/R\O+R\O+S\_,```#]^?W]
M^?WY^?COX>_OSVIL>TX````R6P<%4TT'.'%Q:FIQZ.W;[^TL'C$Q&$5#6U-.
MNFKQ_?C]_?W]_?W]_/S\]_?[^/'WU-*>IKV]8W55`0D?%`@2$@DK(`@!A_/S
M\O+R\O+S\O/R\_+S\O+Y````6R\O6VM;'1YQN5E#H*MZH<QQ/(YGA^WO[?G]
M^?W]_?W]_?W]^?WM(ATP144P,4Y.6;JDN]W[_?'X_?W[^_S[]^+>]_#P\-S4
MO=2]LI*LD00)$A()#0D-"1,(NOGS\_+R\O/R\O+R\O+R\O/S^0```._M[>_Y
M[>_Y_?W]_?W]_?W]^=O]H?C]^?W]^?G]^?GY^?GY^?W]SQ$M,$5#.R-%0U21
MS,SN^/?N^_W\^_O\_.K?\.#[\-[?NI+3TIW2WX<,"1,,"0T)"1,)8_W]\_GS
M^?/R\_+S\O/R\_/S\_D```#]_?W]_?W]_?W]^?G]^?G]_?W]_>WY^?WY^?GY
M^?GY^?GY_?GY_<\6'3$=0S`=0T5%<JO,\=WQ^_C]_/O[_?'>^_#@^]R<NKV]
MTK*LD=?<(`D2"0@3"0D.*>_]_?WY^?/S\_/R\O+R\O/S\_GY````_?W]_?W]
M_?WY^?W]_?G]^?G]_?W]_?WY^?GY_?GY^?G]^?WY_?W+%C`P,#$Q'1@Q4VJ0
MNJO;\/CX_/S\_?O@]^K3^_?2K*;&QM33BI*ZW#(.#@D)$@D)#]?]_?WY^?GY
M\_/R\O+R\O/S\_/Y^0```/W]_?WY_?W]^?W]_?G]_?W]_?G]_?G]^?WY_?GY
M^?W]^?W]_?W]N1$8,!XQ,#$P&!U#<9&@V_CQ\?S]_?W[ZN_?W_O4NI33W]/4
MNIV=I=M'$A()*2D.!%W]_?W]^?WS\_/S\_+R\O/R\_/Y^?D```#]_?WY_?G]
M_?G]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]^?W]_?WY_?W]_?W]_;L&,!XP(Q\C,1T',6*@
MD>'=^_CO^_W\\/S[\/O3D[K4U-_[WZ:RG7.[5@\)(&0I!`[A_?W]_?WY^?GS
M\_+R\O+R\_/S\_GY````_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?V.!3`='AXP$1`0"#%:<]#1X/COX/O]\?S[\/?T:Z;QZM/?\*.3
MK)!SI&$."6"+"0YN_?W]_?WY^?GS\_/R\_+R\O+S\_/Y^0```/W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]30`='1T='AT%$!A#:I#1
MS-#P\.#X_?O[^_?[LF/2_-.RW]*$FZNLG(YA#@F<8`D4\?W]_?WY^?GS\_/R
M\_+R\O/S\_/Y^?D```#]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]VP8%#!@0$!TQ+3$=,%2@I)'=V_'X[]'Q\?'[\(1SK/"=DZME9'2E
MI:5[;!(@;QL$BOW]_?W]^?GY^?/S\_+S\O+R\O/S^?GY````_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_6<`!P4%$`4=,!(P'E-;D9&[
MS,SA\+NC^/C]]^"17;WPNG]=0SM6FV.(A&L.(3($(/C]_?W]_?GY^?/Y\_/S
M\_+S\O/S\_/Y_0```/W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?TO!0<``04`&!T0'SLQ@JN@HZ#,W=&DH?S]_/S[>V/3T[V3'Q`0((AT
M8XZ2(!0.#MS]_?W]_?W]^?GY\_/S\_+S\O+S\O/Y^?D```#]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]+0`%!0````<P$!DQ3GO0JZ';
MS,S-I.[Q^/S[^]-_TM.LI44=1U%VB&.2=!(@#F[]_?W]_?W]_?WY^?GY\_/Y
M\_/Y\_GS^?GY````_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_1<`!0`````Q'QT1$%-[>[O#^,NKS='X^/W]^/'09-/PLJ5R0U919F8T
M56L@%&[Y_?W]NG-46XZD\?WY^?GY\_GS\_/S\_/Y^0```/W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?TM``````4%,1T='3!=>VI[W?';
MH:'7W?'\\?CQW82RTK*#@G)C=F8U"`55,U3X_?WA10```````!&D_?GY^?GY
M^?/Y\_GS^?D```#]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W],``!`0$'!1`=,3Q46Y&@@MO,JZ&AV_'Q^/W[^-V1D[*3DX1R8V52`0``
M'7_NN?VZ!P```````````'/]_?WY_?GY\_GS^?/]````_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?VZ6Q^Z_?W]_?W]V0`%`0D%!0`03VR1<FN@D-'XNGFD
MZ-OX_/W\^.#=4ZRL8W-33E9O20P``!"Z/``>!0``````````````';O]_?W]
M^?GS\_/Y\P```/W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]S9$P````U/W\_?W]
M_?D'``@,$`4`!6)C=+J$D)&YW%NA[O';^._Q_;K<NE:E<UUL13$Q8%(@``"1
MD@`````````````````````'7O']_?GY^?GY^?T```#]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W1'0`````!"2D`<_W]_?U3```!"`4```4?'51S>Y&.J\R.W<S,
MT=WG^-&]S+E;=*5L54X\15MT9C5(J)0`````````````````````````/.[]
M_?GY^?WY````_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_=TH``42'R`-"00``0<P3D-3
M``````$,``40,3%=;)&ZV*&Z>[N@H:3,[KJ1I/=\6Z6E4QA48FQLHY2GR/R@
M!0`````````````````````````%D/W]_?G]_0```/W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?U[``$_1Q,K#0T-$@D```<1``````4%```=+QTQ0VR1D9V@J[?.>I*K
MH+J@NM>K6Y&$?%,\<J"1H[K,T_OA``````````````````````````````5>
M[OW]_?T```#]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]8@`@230K$Q(3&P$`````/!8`
M````!0``+T403U5=6Z#1NJMS;&JZS+O,N]'1DG-K<EZC<U:DNM>ZX-?=I```
M`````````````````````````````!#-_?W]````_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?R=,`4`""$A-!(3&P$``````!!4$`$!!0`%!UDO!7([(VN1D:.A)CR1H*21
MH-&2>VR16VM.DG&$S+JCW/#P^-$`````````````````````````````````
M$>[]_0```/W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_=9#!0`````!"2$;&P$````````%3S(-
M``4&$4-S'1V1$1U46WS,NT\\<I%SCLR15&JCCG-T55M[D;K<JKO<^/B1````
M``````````````````````````````!J_?T```#]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_>X0
M`````````0@.#@$```````````4[$`P''CQ#0P5>;!!4JZO1S))>:VN2<9&K
M>I'GD3%L16Q#A)&CX?C4^/WX>P``````````````````````````````````
M%OW]````_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]^7$%`````0$````!`0$`````````````'1$'
M(AY#0P<8T$4CB'%_H\RKT7%L6W^CS+K<[ELX5%-[63Q[NL[P\>_X^'L'````
M``````````````````````````````;]_0```/W]_?W]_?W]_?W][CP`````
M`0$%`````````````````````$(M'4Y#0T,OH]P8D7);>X?,W;J0>VNCNM&Z
MD*!J3C%>:G)3>]',Q_CX^/%['0````````````````````````````````!"
M_?T```#]_?W]_?W]_?WN8A`````````````````````````````````Q6UE9
M0T,'7N=#<MQ63VN2S-W;S*KPNI"C<W.Z:C!KI'.1K*/7\/WQW]WPIC``````
M````````````````````````````V_W]````_?W]_?W]_?VD!P````````4!
M`0``````````````````````'H)Q13`&'LV1/)&E6U6@D4ZK[M'G^&I;4Q$P
M5!Y#7D]3D8Z.D='Q^/O=;G)B``=G!@``````````````````````````HOW]
M_0```/W]_?W]_?U;!@````$```````````````````````````````!Q<3$'
M'J"Z.Y&LI5Y5>VJ1S-?=T:1Q<4X1'B\9,9&@D821D6.EX/S]\7V(14[A_>U:
M```````````````````````XS?W]_?T```#]_?W]_>XM``````4!`0``````
M````````````````````````,$,16[KN67*3NKIQ8H+.NZOQUZ"@A'%.3E-#
M+S!QSJ.36U5=SO'\_?S=G*3]_?W]_6H```````````````````9G[_W]_?W]
M````_?W]_>\O`````````0````````````````````````````````M#<\R@
M5:/PW?&KA*OP^-SGT:2@HUM>5&I;+U-QD7-=8S(?;-SP^/W\TWNY_?W]_?WY
M[?-:````````````$9CS_?W]_?W]_0```/W]_:$'````````````````````
M````````````````````+\V[>FL\8J.[LM&E6Z/@Y^>ZT*M\>UL9.$Z.62]9
MNKIR,040!3&L_/W]NGVE'0DQ,4-%8V.1E%0O&!P&"RQGHOG]_?W]_?W]_?T`
M``#]_>4`````````````!0`````````````````````````%:_W]_>]Y>Z62
MD:NZJ]'=U]'=NJ.CH))#'1U9H'$X:JO,@D,Q0UMTW?S]_-+3WVL`````````
M```!`1UJI-KY_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]````_?TX`````````````0``````````
M```````````````1V_W]_?W]Y7.DH)*CG*O3I-?GS*O.S*6C6U-.8GM[0VJK
MSG1%1G+HW_O[_=3?U')C'0T(#`$&`0$%`04```F4_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_0``
M`/WL``````````````````````````````````````!Q^?W]_?W]_-9[H]?.
MNKK7N\S7T;JZW*.1HT,=3AAKJW.KNH0C&$7?\-_J^_W2U*R$1D9&'R8="04,
M#0P!`````#''_?W]_?W]_?W]_?T```#]F```````````````````````````
M``````````5Q_?W]_?W]QZ`=5:#PU[K=^^?X\=WC\-&1NE0C$4Y%D,R@S-"$
M5)/?\/#[\/SWO;V@G4=C=7)=(!\)#0$!``4!!0``!93]_?W]_?W]_?W]````
M_9\```````````````````````````````````:[_?W]_<=C!P``$%2.J]3=
M^-S?\/'?W.?.T50>+W_,<Y&C8X/876.LL=_@Z]/JK'S1^-=D8)-V71]5$P4%
M`0P`````!0``5OW]_?W]_?W]_0```/WY>```````````````````````````
M````!7GO_?W'8AT%````!3$QE+K2NI.$T)-TSKFZNJ.CH\SPS!Z@HW*35C&;
MTM+JTK&QL76<TO?=G+W?K'RAHY%;7F%C1440!0````!A_?W]_?W]_?T```#]
M_?V?%@``````````````````````````'*3]_+I6!0````4!``4!'5NZTKIT
MTKHQ1H218UN3NM+1W)&1Y\ZZDVQRWK*RIG2(=$=/?=/]^/C]_?W]_?W]^?WO
M[^WNT9!K10L``#S\_?W]_?W]````_?W]_?.?+@8731$``````````````!9H
MS_W]I04````!!1\Q'QT0`$->NKI]D].18X2$<W.$NLS<W)&ET:R$L9.ETZ9T
M=9QDD7)CD]+Q_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?WMD!$`//W]_?W]_0```/W]
M_?W]_?WY_?W+HJ&.CJN`<8"8S\_Y_?V2'0`````=,4]R<G208Q]#5'*ZTM'P
MK'2ZFW)=A&-55E9SSM)C'S&(K)-C1T=A8X2LLM_[_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]D!'O_?W]_?T```#]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_>%/
M````$#Q%<JR3O=+2X+IS@G%;=,ZL<W2LO6,?8VQ65$95I<Z(8S%CT^"LDI%R
MI;JRL;+@^/W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?WM_>'=T8?,````_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_=$%```0,5V<W=3QX-_[^/S\\-W1<516'456
M51T).Y.$DX1TW][.NG2"D\[JTI.E\>#?W*R<_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]^>_AAZ%:@.7E[P```/W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_9`'``8>
M0X3P\?S\_?W\_?W]_?W]_>YQ4S$)`0@11J5@=&.2SO235K&;A(*EK-*EIO#P
M\/#Q\/W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?GY_/G\G8ZB8LNDS+ON^?W]_?T```#]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_:$```!34W3\_/W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W][:M6'1@?
M171D,715D=^R1D,?($?2TJS2W)S?^_'[_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_>'<*`=6
M<7G+^=O]_?W]_?W]_?W]````_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_9$```=;J]W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]I')@8\RDA%:3D\[<<C%5&`U=W/#?\.J3\/']
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?WO[_C4?SQ*VF>B[?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_0```/W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_=L1`!A#:\[X_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_=*$K-?X
M[I*LX.?=UV-%=)(Q;/#@^_#.T??Q^_W]_?WODEMKAVN.@*N[I-OO_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?T```#]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_>$O`!99><S\_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?WQTL?[_?V=U/S]_/&[D:7PS-W@\/OQ\?WXX.'A
MNM&DD08M@<N8[>W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]````_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?U9!AU;NOW]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M^._]_>_]^/W=NO?A\?W\X>'=5A!9>;?Y[_WM_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_0```/W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?U3``=4D?S]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_>_\_?W]_>Z21VZG=&Y3@*&.S<_M_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?T```#]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?U[```=I.W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?"ZNY&'!P`\:T.BY?G]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]````_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W-````<?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]^?G'BFL12IBAX9#L_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_0```/W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]0P``2^_]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?WY^?WY_?GOT9*05(#1H;OM
M^?W]_?GM_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?T```#]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]8@`&2\_]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?S1I`T-7J)RDFJ0VN7]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]````_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_1$`+NW]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?SA?(YP9Y@L<,OM^?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_0```/W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W1N^_]_?W]_?W]_?W]X=2D5&K-
MNZ3/^?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?T```#]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]^<?;T:3/G52.R^7Y_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]````_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?GX[_B=NGE:M^WO^?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_0```/W]_?W]_?:2/#%N
M<VN8CMO/N^W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?T```#]_=VZSZ-;0Q9;H=K;_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]````>WM">>WY_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_0```-OO_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?T```#]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]````_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]
M_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_?W]_0````0````'`0$`"````"8&
M#P`&`/____\!``D```#Z`@4``````/___P`B``0````M`0``!P```/P"`0``
M```````$````+0$!``\````F!@\`%`!43E!0!``,``````````````````D`
M```F!@\`"`#_____`0````,`````````!P<V-0``.@`(`.43M1,`````````
M````````````1PLL"^@#Z`,``````````````````````````````0`)```#
M?1H```(`P!D`````$0```"8&#P`8`/____\``!``QPP``#H&``!*$0``L@H`
M``D````F!@\`"`#_____`@```!<````F!@\`(P#_____!``;`%1.4%`4`+#K
M`#``````%````.07AP`````````*````)@8/``H`5$Y04````@!?`#D`,@`S
M`#<`,@`Y`#D`.``Y````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````%@`!`?____\,````!@````T``P``````P````````$8`
M````AE-E``K!O`&&4V4`"L&\`0````````````````$`3P!L`&4`````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M```````*``(!________________````````````````````````````````
M`````````````````@```!0``````````P!0`$D`0P``````````````````
M``````````````````````````````````````````````````````````H`
M`@$%````"````/____\`````````````````````````````````````````
M```````#````3``````````#`$T`10!4`$$`````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````#``"`?______
M_________P````````````````````````````````````````````````4`
M``#(#0````````4````+`EL,VP<%````#`*^`+X`!`````0!#0`0````)@8/
M`!8`_____P``W`<``%P,``"8"```&`T```0````'`00`(@8``$,/(`#,````
M(``@``````"Z`+H`70S=!R@````@````(`````$`&`````````P``.\.``#O
M#@````````````#_____________________________________________
M____________________________________________________________
M____________________________________________________________
M____________________________________________________________
M____________________________________________________________
M__________________________\```````````#_____________________
M__________________^`@(#_____________________________________
M______________________________\`````O[\```#`P,"`@(#_________
M__________________^`@("`@(#_________________________________
M__________________________________\`````O[\```#`P,#____`P,"`
M@(#_______________^`@("`@(#_________________________________
M______________________________________\`````O[\`O[\```#_____
M______^`@(#_______^`@("`@(#_________________________________
M__________________________________________\`````O[\`O[^`@("`
M@(#_______________^`@(#_____________________________________
M______________________________________________\`````O[\`O[\`
MO[\```#`P,#_______________^`@(#_____________________________
M__________________________________________________\`````O[\`
MO[\`O[_`P,````#`P,#_______________^`@(#_____________________
M__________________^`@(#_______________________________\`````
MO[\`O[_`P,``__^`@(````#`P,#_______________^`@(#_____________
M______________^`@("`@("`@(#_______________________________\`
M````O[\`___`P,``___`P,````"`@(#`P,#___________________^`@(#_
M__________^`@("`@("`@(#___________________________\`````````
M````````O[\`___`P,``___`P,``__\```"`@("`@(#`P,#_____________
M__^`@(#_______^`@(#___________________________________\`O[\`
MO[\`O[\`O[\`O[\`___`P,``___`P,``___`P,````"`@("`@("`@(#`P,#_
M__________^`@(#___________________________________________\`
MO[_____`P,``__\`O[\`___`P,``___`P,``___`P,``__\`````````````
M``#`P,#___________^`@(#_____________________________________
M______\`O[____\`___`P,``O[_`P,``___`P,``___`P,``___`P,````"`
M@("`@("`@(````#___________^`@(#_____________________________
M______________\`O[_____`P,``__\`O[\`___`P,``___`P,``___`P,``
M__\```"`@(#`P,"`@(````#___________^`@(#_____________________
M______________________\`O[____\`______\`O[____\`______\`____
M__\`______\```"`@(#`P,"`@(````#___________^`@(#_______^`@("`
M@("`@("`@("`@("`@("`@("`@("`@(``O[________\`__\`O[\`______\`
M______\`______\`__\```"`@(#___^`@(````#___________^`@(#_____
M______________________________________\`O[____________\`O[__
M__________________________\```"`@(#___^`@(````#___________^`
M@(#___________________________________________\`O[________\`
M__\`O[____________________________\```````"`@("`@(#_________
M______^`@(#_______________________________________________\`
MO[_`P,#`P,#`P,``O[\`______________________\```"`@(#`P,#_____
M______________^`@(#_________________________________________
M__________\`O[\`O[\`O[\`O[\`__\`______\`__________\```"`@(#`
MP,#___________________^`@(#_______^`@(#_____________________
M__________________________________\`O[_`P,``______\`______\`
M``"`@(#`P,#___________________^`@(#___________^`@("`@("`@(#_
M______________________________________________\`O[_`P,``____
M__\`___`P,````#`P,#_______________^`@(#_____________________
M______^`@("`@("`@(#_______________________________________\`
MO[_`P,``_______`P,````#`P,#_______________^`@(#_____________
M__________________________^`@(#_____________________________
M__________\`O[_`P,``______\```#`P,#_______________^`@(#_____
M____________________________________________________________
M______________________\`O[_`P,``__^`@("`@(#_______________^`
M@(#_________________________________________________________
M__________________________________\`O[_`P,#`P,````#_________
M__^`@(#_______^`@("`@(#_____________________________________
M______________________________________________\`O[_`P,````#`
MP,#____`P,"`@(#_______________^`@("`@(#_____________________
M__________________________________________________________\`
MO[_`P,````#`P,"`@(#___________________________^`@("`@(#_____
M____________________________________________________________
M__________\`O[\```````#_____________________________________
M__^`@(#_____________________________________________________
M____________________________________________________________
M______________________________\$````!P$!``@````F!@\`!@#_____
M`0`)````^@(%``````#___\`(@`$````+0$```<```#\`@$`````````!```
M`"T!`0`/````)@8/`!0`5$Y04`0`#``````````````````)````)@8/``@`
M_____P$````#`````````-#/$>"AL1KA`````````````````````#L``P#^
M_PD`!@```````````````0````$`````````"`!.`TX#```!``D```,[!```
M```A!``````$`````P$(``4````+`@`````%````#`).`TX#(00``$$+(`#,
M`"``(```````3@-.`P`````H````(````"`````!``@`````````````````
M````````````````````````@```@````("``(````"``(``@(```,#`P`#`
MW,``\,JF`````````````````````````````````````````````P!0`%(`
M20!.`%0`````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M``````````````````X``@`'````"@```/____\`````````````````````
M```````````````````````````]````@`@````````!`$,`;P!M`'``3P!B
M`&H`````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````$@`"`/_______________P``````````````````````````````
M`````````````````%\```!,``````````,`3P!B`&H`20!N`&8`;P``````
M```````````````````````````````````````````````````````````2
M``(!"0````L```#_____````````````````````````````````````````
M````````80````0``````````0!/`&P`90`Q`#``3@!A`'0`:0!V`&4`````
M`````````````````````````````````````````````````!H``@#_____
M__________\````````````````````````````````````````````````O
M````.)\`````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M``````````````````````````````#P^_\`I*"@`("`@````/\``/\```#_
M_P#_````_P#_`/__``#___\`____________________________________
M____________________________________________________________
M________````______________C______________________P`#``?X____
M______CX______________________\``P`'_P?X______CX____________
M____________``,#`/____C___CX_________________________P`#`_CX
M______C___________________________\``P,#``?_____^/__________
M________________``,#`P<`!______X______________C__________P`#
M`P?[^``'______C_________^/CX__________\``_L'^P<`^`?_______C_
M___X^/C_________``````/[!_L'^P#X^`?_____^/__^/___________P,#
M`P,#^P?[!_L'`/CX^`?____X______________\#_P?[`_L'^P?[!_L`````
M!_____C______________P/_^P<#!_L'^P?[!P#X^/@`____^/__________
M____`_\'^P/[!_L'^P?[`/@'^`#____X______________\#__O_`__[__O_
M^_\`^`?X`/____C___CX^/CX^/CX^`/___L#^__[__O_^P#X__@`____^/__
M____________`____P/_________`/C_^`#____X______________\#___[
M`_________\``/CX______C_______________\#!P<'`_O______P#X!___
M____^/________________\#`P,#^_O_^___`/@'_______X___X________
M__________\#!_O_^_\`^`?_______C____X^/C_______________\#!_O_
M^P<`!______X__________CX^/____________\#!_O_!P`'______C_____
M________^/____________\#!_O_``?_____^/______________________
M______\#!_OX^/_____X______________________________\#!P<`____
M^/__^/C___________________________\#!P`'_P?X______CX________
M__________________\#!P`'^/_________X^/______________________
M__\#``#_____________^/______________________________________
M_________P,``````````0#^_P,*``#_____#0`#``````#`````````1@L`
M``!7879E(%-O=6YD```````)````4V]U;F1296,`]#FR<0``````````````
M`-#/$>"AL1KA`````````````````````#L``P#^_PD`!@``````````````
M`0````$```"```,`$>"AL1KA`````````````````````#L``P#^_PD`!@``
M`````````````0````$``````````!````(``0```@``````````````````
M``#0SQ'@H;$:X0`````````````````````[``,`_O\)``8`````````````
M`$P``````````1@(`$8#``!&`P``VP$``-L!````````````````````````
MZ`,``.@#``````````````````````````````````#0SQ'@H;$:X0``````
M```````````````[``,`_O\)``8```````````````(````!````"`!&`T8#
M```!``D```/?!@```@`B!@`````1````)@8/`!@`_____P``$`!K#@``6PP`
M`"D/```9#0``"0```"8&#P`(`/____\"````%P```"8&#P`C`/____\$`!L`
M5$Y04!0`L.L`,``````4````Y!>'``````````H````F!@\`"@!43E!0```"
M`/0#"0```"8&#P`(`/____\#````#P```"8&#P`4`%1.4%`$``P``0````$`
M````````-)\``%))1D9\CP``5T%6169M="`0`````0`!`$`?``"`/@```@`0
M`&9A8W0$````?4<``&1A=&'ZC@``4/]P_P```````#@`L`"P`+``8`%@`6`!
M8`%@`2`"(`(@`B`"(`(@`B`"(`(@`J`!8`%@`>``L````/C_4/]0_Z#^H/Z@
M_N#]X/W@_>#]X/U@_N#](/Z@_J#^4/]0_V#_````````L`"P`+``8`%@`6`!
M(`*``6`!(`)@`6`!8`$@`;``L``H````````````B/]0_U#_4/]0_P#_4/^@
M_E#_4/]0_X#_`````````````+``L`"P`.``8`%@`6`!8`%@`6`!(`(@`B`"
M(`(@`B`"(`(@`B`"@`%@`2`!L`"P````4/]0_Z#^H/Z@_N#]X/W@_>#]X/V@
M_J#^H/Z@_O#^4/]0_^#_`````+``L``P`6`!8`%@`0`"P`$@`B`"(`(@`L`!
M8`%@`6`!\`"P`+````````````#H_U#_4/]0_U#_4/]0_U#_4/]0_U#_4/\`
M``````"P`+``L`"P`+``8`%@`6`!8`%@`>`!(`(@`B`"(`(@`B`"8`%@`6`!
M8`%@`6`!L`"P````4/]0_Z#^H/[@_>#]X/W@_>#]X/V@_N#]H/Z@_J#^4/]0
M_U#_`````)``L`"P`-``8`%@`6`!8`$@`B`"8`%@`6`!8`%@`6`!L`"P`+``
M`````-C_4/]0_U#_4/]0_U#_4/]0_U#_4/]0_U#_4/]P_P````"P`+``L`"P
M`"`!8`%@`6`!8`%@`:`!(`(@`B`"(`(@`B`"(`+``6`!8`%@`6`!L`"P````
M``!0_U#_H/Z@_J#^H/Z@_I#^X/V@_J#^H/Z@_J#^4/]0_U#_\/\``%@`L`"P
M`$`!8`%@`6`!8`%@`6`!8`%@`6`!8`%@`6`!8`%@`;``L`````````!0_U#_
M4/]0_U#_$/_`_D#_4/]0_U#_4/\``````````+``L`"P`/``8`%@`6`!8`%@
M`2`"8`$@`B`"(`(@`B`"(`(@`@`"8`%@`6`!L`"P`+````#(_U#_4/^@_J#^
MH/[@_>#]X/W@_>#]D/Z@_J#^H/Y0_U#_N/\`````L`"P`+``8`%@`6`!8`&@
M`2`"8`$@`B`"8`%@`6`!8`&P`+``L````````````&#_4/]0_U#_4/]0_U#_
M4/]0_U#_4/]0_P```````'@`L`"P`&`!8`%@`6`!8`$0`(``8`+``@`"(`+`
M`B`"(`(@`B`"P`%@`6`!8`'P`+````!0_Z#^H/Z@_I#^X/U@_N#]0/W@_>#]
MX/W@_:#^H/Y0_ZC_``"P`&`!8`%@`2`"(`(@`B`"(`(@`B`"8`%@`6`!8`&P
M`+``L`````````!0_U#_4/]0_Z#^H/Z@_J#^H/Y0_P`````````````H`+``
ML`"P`+``L`"P`+``8`%@`6`!8`%@`6`!8`$``B`"8`+``L`"(`*``L`"H`(@
M`L`"P`&``/#_L/Z`_8#\0/V`_`#\`/P`_`#\@/S`_4#^4/\`````<`!@`2`"
M(`*@`B`#P`(@`B`"(`)@`2`"(`+@`+``>`#P__#_``"P_U#_4/]0_U#_4/]0
M_U#_4/]0_U#_H/XP_U#_4/]0_P``````````L`!0`6`!8`&P`+``8`$``;``
MP`!@`>``L`"P`&`!8`$@`B`"P`+``H`#(`.``X`#@`.``X`"D`!0_^#]0/S`
M^D#[`/R`^L#Z`/P`_(#\8/Y0_Q@`4`'@`<`!``,`!(`#@`,`!&`#(`*``<`!
M,`&P`+``B/]0_U#_4/^@_K#_``!0_U#_````````"`"P``````!0_Z#^````
M`%#_4/_H_Y#_F/\``+``L`!@`;``L`!0`6`!$`%@`6`!8`&P`/``8`%@`2`"
M(`+``L`"@`.``X`#``0`!(`#P`+P`$#_`/Y`_,#Y`/I`^P#Z@/G`^@#\@/S`
M_0``8`'``H`#P`(``T`$P`2``\`"@`,``K``<`````````!0_^#]H/Y0_[#^
M$/]0`+```````+``\`!@`6`!L`"P`(``0/\P_[C_``#`_J#^4/]0_U#_``"P
M`+``8`&P````0`'``6`!8`%@`:`!8`&P`'`!(`+``L`"8`.``P`$``0`!``$
M@`-@`B`!,/]`_0#\P/G`^<#Y0/F`^8#Z`/R`_(#^:`"@`<`"8`.``P`$P`3`
M!``$@`/``D`!L```````(/^@_J#^X/W@_<#^4/]0_P``>````*``8`%@`6`!
M8`%@`4@`````````@/_P_J#^H/XP_U#_4/\``+``L`"P`+``8`%@`>`!(`)@
M`6`!8`%@`6`!(`+``L`"(`.``P`$@`.``X`#@`,@`B`"H/]`_@#\0/D`^0#Z
M0/H`^<#Y0/L`_&#]0/]@`<`"@`,`!(`#@`2`!<`$@`.``V`"L```````X/Y0
M_Z#^0/U`_6#^4/]0__#_L`!@````L`!@`6`!(`(``K````"H_U#_4/\``*#^
MH/Y0_Z#^(/^H_[``L`"P`+``4`#0`&`!@`%@`6`!8`%@`6`!(`+``L`"8`.`
M`X`#@`.``X`#@`-``U`!</_@_4#\0/H`^8#Z`/J`^<#Y`/L`_.#]H/]@`>`!
M@`/``X`#P`2`!4`%@`/``B`"L`!H`.#_H/Z@_D#^P/U`_>#]H/Y0_P``````
M`&@`\`!@`6`!(`+``;``L`"P`$@``````&#_H/Y0_Z#^L/Y0_W````!P_P``
ML``0`6`!8`%@`6`!H`%@`2`"H`+``L`"P`)@`X`#(`.``X`#P`+``F`!``"@
M_B#^P/N`^<#Y@/K`^8#YP/H`_(#\8/X``,``P`(`!(`#@`-`!,`$P`-``Z`"
M<`&P````(/^@_J#^H/Y`_6#]H/Z@_@#_````````L`!@`>``8`$@`J`!L`"0
M`````````%#_H/XP_U#_H/[`_E#_````````$`"P`&`!(`)@`2`"(`(@`N`!
M(`+``L`"P`*``X`#@`.``\`"H`+``D`"$`$@_^#]`/P`^@#ZP/J`^L#Y@/H`
M_(#\X/T``&`!(`+``H`#@`-`!(`%P`2``\`"X`&P`+``````_Z#^`/Y@_4#]
MX/V@_D#_4/]0_U#_``"P`&`!H`$@`B`"X`"P`+``L`"0````N/]0_U#_4/^H
M_P```````,#_``"P`&`!8`'``>`!8`$@`B`"P`*``X`#X`(@`X`#@`/``L`"
MP`+@`:``P/Z`_0#\P/G`^8#Z@/K`^<#YP/N`_$#^``!@`>`!P`*``X`#@`/`
M!(`$@`/``B`"L```````4/^@_D#^P/U`_4#]8/Z@_L#^4/]0_[#_L`"P`+``
M8`$@`F`!L`"P`+``L`"P`+````!0_X#_````````````````@`"P`.``8`%@
M`6`!8`$@`L`"P`*``X`#@`.``X`#@`.``X`#0`+P`+C_X/V@_$#[@/I`^T#[
M@/J`^H#[0/W@_=C_$`&@`<`"8`.``\`#P`3`!``$``,@`F`!8`'@`%@`4/]`
M_Z#^@/W@_:#^4/]0_U#_H/ZP_@``L````8`!8`%@`6`!8`&``2`"(`)@`;``
M`````'````````````"H_P``$`"P`&`!P`%``6`!P`+``@`#``2``X`#``2`
M`X`#@`,``\`!Z/^P_L#\0/N`^H#Z@/J`^H#Z@/K`^T#]`/^P`&`!(`+``H`#
M@`,`!,`$``2``Z`"(`)@`6`!L`!0_\#^0/Y`_6#]X/W@_:#^H/[@_8#^$/\`
M`+``L`!@`0`!8`%@`6`!(`(@`F`!8`&P`+``L`"P`!```````-#_````````
ML`"P`+``L`!@`2`"P`*``\`#@`.``X`#@`,@`\`"(`+``"#^0/P`^\#Y0/I`
M^\#Y0/F`^L#[X/S0_K``L``@`L`"P`*``\`$@`6`!&`#P`*@`6`!8`&P`'#_
MH/Y@_D#]0/W@_4#^X/W@_>#]0/U`_E#_`````+``L`"P`+``X`$@`B`"(`)@
M`;``L`!@`6`!L`"P````^/]0_P````"P`+``L`"P`&`!(`+``H`#@`.``X`#
M``3``T`#P`)P`1#_@/P`^\#Y0/I`^T#Z`/D`^0#[0/P@_@@`0`$@`L`"P`*`
M`\`$``:`!0`$X`(@`B`"X`%@`2@`4/^@_N#]0/W@_:#^H/[@_6#]0/V`_<#^
M^/\```````"P`+``8`$@`B`"(`(@`J`!8`$@`B`"(`)@`;```````&@`L`"P
M`+``L`"P`&`!(`)@`X`#@`.``X`#@`.``X`#``(8`"#^@/O`^8#Z0/O`^L#Y
MP/G`^0#[X/Q0_P@`8`$@`B`"P`*``T`%@`5`!0`$P`(@`B`"(`)@`2@`4/]@
M_N#]X/U@_J#^@/[@_4#]0/V`_;#^4/\``*C_4/\``+``P`$@`B`"(`(@`F`!
M8`$@`J`"0`+``;````"0`+``(`&P`+``L`!@`2`"P`+``H`#@`.``X`#``-@
M`H``D/Z@_(#ZP/I`^T#[`/K`^0#Z0/N`_&#^H/^P`&`!(`(@`@`#P`2`!0`%
M@`1``\`"P`+``L`!0`$(`%#_H/Z@_I#^X/W@_>#]P/U`_<#]H/Y0_U#_``!0
M_U#_,`!@`6`!P`$@`B`"(`(@`B`"(`(@`B`"8`&P`+``L`"P`&`!8`%@`6`!
M(`+``L`"P`+``H`#@`/``G`!T/Z@_8#\0/M`^P#\`/O`^8#Z@/J`^X#]L/Y0
M_P````&``<`"``1`!<`$``0`!``#P`+``L`"@`&P````,/^@_J#^H/Y@_N#]
MX/U`_4#]X/V@_E#_4/]0_V#_``!X`&`!8`%@`2`"(`(@`B`"P`)``B`"(`)@
M`6`!8`%@`6`!8`%@`2`"(`+``L`"P`(@`X`#@`-``@`!$/\@_4#[@/I`^\#[
M@/K`^<#Y@/H`_.#](/]0_S@`8`$@`L`"@`2`!8`%P`0`!$`#P`+``L`"P`$`
M`%#_H/Z@_J#^X/W@_>#]H/U`_>#]@/Y0_YC_````````8`!@`2`"(`(@`B`"
M(`(@`J`"P`*``B`"(`)@`6`!8`%@`2`"(`)@`L`"P`+``B`#@`.``X`#8`+0
M`(#^@/S`^L#Z@/L`^\#Y`/F`^<#Z@/R`_E#_D/^P`%`!(`+``P`%0`9`!@`%
M``2``X`#@`,@`V`!``!0_Z#^X/T@_N#]0/W@_(#\@/P@_6#^4/\`````````
M`+``@`$@`L`"P`(@`B`"(`+``L`"P`+``B`"8`&@`2`"P`+``B`"(`(@`J`"
MP`*``\`"P`*@`:C_@/U`^X#Z0/M`^T#Z`/D`^<#Y@/M`_:#^4/^8_[``(`+`
M`H`$P`5`!H`%P`0`!(`#``0`!``#(`'@_U#_H/Z@_F#^X/V@_(#\@/P`_(#\
MX/T`_U#_4/]0_\C_L``@`L`"P`*``B`"(`+``L`"P`+``L`"(`(@`B`"P`*`
M`X`#(`/``B`"P`)``\`"H`)@`<#^0/R`^L#Y`/M`^T#Z`/F`^`#Y@/N`_<#^
M4/_0_U@`H`'@`L`$``9`!D`%``2``X`#``0`!(`#H`$``"#_H/Z@_J#^X/T@
M_8#\`/Q`_$#]H/Y0_U#_4/_`_OC_L`#``2`"(`)@`>`!(`+``H`#@`/``L`"
MP`+``L`"@`,`!$`$``2``X`#@`,`!(`#P`%`_D#[`/I`^L#Z`/L`^0#X@/A`
M^4#[(/V@_E#_`````$`!@`)`!$`&0`;`!0`$@`,`!``$``0@`T`!``#0_J#^
MX/V@_N#]@/V`_`#\@/Q`_0#_4/]0_U#_4/\``.``(`(@`B`"P`%@`6`!X`%@
M`L`"P`+``F`"(`+``@`$P`3`!``$``2``X`#``1@`I#^@/O`^<#Y@/K`^8#X
M@/<`^`#Y@/I`_$#^4/\``+``$`%``D`$0`8`!P`&P`2``P`$P`2`!&`#<`$`
M``#_@/[@_>#]@/T`_0#\`/P`_*#]4/^P`!@``````"@`8`'``L`"P`(@`B`"
M(`(@`B`"P`+``B`"8`&``2`"``3`!,`$``2``\`"``.@`A``P/S`^L#Y@/K`
M^4#Y`/@`^`#Y@/J`^\#\`/[P_[``8`&``<`"P`1`!D`&@`4`!``$``0`!(`#
M(`+P````,/\`_N#]0/T`_8#\@/Q`_.#\X/U0_P````"P`+``8`&``H`#@`.`
M`X`#P`+``N`"@`.``X`#P`+``L`"@`,`!``$@`/@`J`!P/\@_4#[@/I`^T#[
M@/J`^`#X`/B`^H#\P/W@_:#^8/^0`,`!``,`!,`$P`0`!(`#@`,`!,`$``2@
M`F`!``!0_P``,/\`_D#]@/P`_(#\(/W@_:#^4/]0_U#_``"@`>`"@`.``\`"
MP`+``@`$``0`!``$@`.``X`#@`,`!``$@`-``Z`"P``@_L#Z@/G`^8#ZP/G`
M^(#W`/<`^8#[P/S@_:#^4/]0`&`!P`(`!$`%@`7`!(`#P`+``\`$``3@`F`!
M`````%#_4/^@_N#]0/V@_$#\0/Q`_0#^4/\``%#_8/^@`"`"P`*``X`#P`)`
M`\`#``3`!,`$0`6`!<`$0`0`!(`$P`0`!$`"0/Z`^8#XP/F`^H#Y@/>`]8#U
M@/=`^@#\(/U@_E#_``#``*`"@`3`!<`&@`6``\`"``2`!0`%P`/``=C_4/_8
M_U#_H/Z@_J#^0/T`_(#\0/TP_P`````P_Z#^@`!@`H`#@`.``P`#P`*``P`$
MP`3`!(`%P`1`!``$``1`!,`$0`3@``#[`/@`^0#[@/H`^8#V@/0`]D#Y`/R`
M_$#]`/]0_P``4`&``\`%``<`!X`$8`(``P`%0`;`!&`"T/^@_C#_``"X_S#_
MH/Y@_8#\@/P`_C#_L``@`9``4/_8_\`!P`/`!$`$P`/``H`#P`2`!8`%@`6`
M!8`%P`0`!``$``2@`8#\P/B`^,#Y0/J`^8#W@/6`]D#Y@/N`_$#]@/Y0_XC_
M@`'``H`$@`8`!X`%X`+``@`$P`3`!(`#$`$@_[#^Z/]0_P#_H/X`_D#]0/T@
M_F#_H`#@`2`"L`"P`.`!@`-`!,`$P`0`!,`#0`2`!0`&0`9`!L`$@`.``V`"
M8/\`^T#Y`/D`^8#X`/B`]@#V`/@`^D#[`/S@_*#^4/^0`(`"@`/`!(`%@`7`
M`\`"@`,`!(`#P`+@`;``@/^P_U#_H/Z@_J#^X/W@_>#]H/ZX__``(`)@`6`!
MP`$``P`$``3`!,`$P`3`!(`%@`5`!D`&0`:`!0`$@`*@_L#ZP/F`^L#Y@/B`
M]@#U@/0`]T#Z0/N`^P#\0/W@_:C_@`(`!,`$0`6`!0`$@`,`!$`%``3``G`!
M.`!0_R@`L`!0_Z#^H/[@_4#]X/U0_P``P`!@`6`!``%``@`$P`3`!``%P`3`
M!(`%@`8`!P`'0`;`!8`$H`(@_L#Z`/I`^X#Z`/@`]H#T`/4`^$#Z@/K`^@#\
M0/U@_IC_@`&``T`%@`7`!(`#8`.`!(`%P`0``M``F/]0_P````"@_N#]X/W@
M_4#]H/V8_]````(@`@`!H`'@`L`$``;`!4`&0`8`!X`'``B`!P`'``<`!H`!
M@/S`^4#Z0/L`^X#X@/0`\X#T@/B`^H#ZP/I`^X#\X/VP_V`!X`*`!<`%@`3`
M`L`"P`2`!<`$H`(8`(#_6`"P`/#_`/[@_>#]0/U`_<#]`/\X`"`"@`'P`&`!
MX`+`!$`&``=`!D`&``<`"``)``B`!T`&H`)@_4#Z@/J`_$#\0/F`]0#S@/2`
M^$#[`/Q`^T#[`/R@_$#_,`%@`@`$``3@`F`!X`%`!(`%``7``H``H/[@_V`!
M8`'@_Z#^X/U`_4#]L/[H_[``8`&P````0`$@`\`%``<`!T`&0`8`!P`(@`D`
M"0`'(`,`_D#[@/O`_(#\`/H`]P#U`/4`^$#Z`/P`_(#\(/U`_9#^``'``@`$
MP`/``0``H`"``L`#H`*P`'#_H/[@_@``L`"P````(/_@_>#]$/^@`4`"(`)@
M`;``\`#@`H`%0`9`!D`&0`9`!@`'``@`"$`&0`&`_(#Z0/L@_<#\@/J`]X#U
M`/?`^0#\H/Q`_>#]X/V@_@``X`'``\`$``2``3@`$`'``F`#(`)(`&#^0/W@
M_:#^4/]0_U#_L/[@_>#]F/\@`F`#@`.``B`"P`*`!$`&``>`!P`'@`:`!H`'
M``<`!/S_@/Q`^T#[@/J`^8#X`/>`]\#X@/I`^R#]P/V@_H#_L`#@`8`#P`2`
M!0`$(`+``4`"P`(@`O``N/^`_N#]X/W@_>#]`/[@_8#]0/T@_@``X`'``L`"
M(`+``@`$0`6`!@`'@`>`!P`'``>`!X`&8`*`_4#[0/L`_`#[`/D`]P#V@/?`
M^4#[`/S`_?#^4/\``$`!(`-`!$`&@`7``V`"P`+``L`"(`)H`##_0/U`_4#]
M0/W@_8#^X/U`_6#]4/^P`(`"@`.``X`#``1`!8`&@`<`"``(P`9`!@`'@`2@
M_\#[0/L`_,#ZP/@`]P#U@/7`^$#[@/H`^P#]\/X``&`!8`.`!(`%0`:`!8`#
M@`,`!8`%X`)@`0``H/Z@_J#^H/V`_(#\0/U`_4#]X/U0_Y``(`(``X`#@`-`
M!8`&@`>`!P`(@`<`"``(@`7@_T#[P/J`_`#\0/D`]H#T`/6`]T#Z0/J`^H#\
M8/Y0_X#_(`+`!,`&@`<`!H`#0`-`!0`'@`7@`D@`4/^@_J#^H/Z@_8#\0/U`
M_8#\@/UP_V`!H`(@`\`"X`+`!(`'``D`"0`(``B`!T`'``0`_L#Z@/M`_<#[
M`/B`](#S`/8`^8#Z@/E`^4#[D/Y0_[``0`+`!,`&``=`!<`"8`,`!@`'0`4`
M`B``D/^8_P``H/Y`_>#\X/W@_4#]P/V8_X`!P`*``X`#@`/`!0`)@`D`"8`'
M@`>`!\`$@/X`^T#[@/P`_,#X`/4`\X#TP/A`^X#ZP/G`^H#]4/^@`(`"@`3`
M!0`'P`5@`X`#``7`!D`%P`(``*#^,/\``+C_P/V`_(#\0/V`_:#^Z/\@`2`#
M``0`!``$0`8`"0`+@`H`"0`(P`;``J#]@/M`_(#\@/J`]P#T@/(`]0#Y@/K`
M^<#Y0/L@_6#_H`&``\`$0`8`!P`&``3`!``&0`;`!.`"X`#P_E#_^/_`_D#]
M@/R`_`#\`/U`_@``P`"@`L`#``0`!8`'@`F`"@`+``N`"<`$8/Y`^X#\X/V`
M_$#Y`/2`\8#R`/C`^L#Y`/G`^4#[`/Q0_Z`"0`6`!L`&@`7``X`$``<`"(`&
M``0@`5#_0/\`````P/V`_`#\@/N`^\#\4/^P`,`!P`*``X`#@`:`"0`+``N`
M"H`)@`4@_X#\P/V@_J#]P/F`]8#Q@/(`^`#[`/H`^4#YP/E`^]#^8`)`!(`%
M0`:`!,`"@`.`!X`(0`>`!``"(````/``L`"P_D#]@/P`_`#\P/VX_[``@`'`
M`L`"P`/`!@`)@`H`"X`+``?@_4#[8/VP`-#_`/P`]P#S`/(`]\#[P/K`^8#Z
M@/K`^4#\(`$`!(`%@`;`!8`"P`)`!X`)``A`!H`#>`"@_X`!P`)(`$#^0/W`
M^X#Z0/Q0_^``<`$@`J`!8`%`!``)@`J`"@`+0`?P_H#Z@/U@`0``X/P`^8#T
M@/&`]8#[0/P`^T#[@/J`^(#Z6`!@`P`$0`4`!0`"4`&`!0`)``@`!P`%``(`
M`(`!@`/@`;#_H/Y`_8#Z`/S0_X`!(`(@`F`"(`)`!(`'``J`"@`)X`+`^0#Y
MD/Y0`=#^@/J`]@#S@/3`^$#\`/P`_(#\@/O`^8#\<`$`!,`$P`2``@@`H`$`
M!P`(P`:`!4`#(`'0`(`#@`.@`0``0/]`_0#\D/X@`L`"P`+``L`"``,`!@`*
M``N`!]C_0/E`^<#]X/]`_8#Y`/:`](#V@/E`^T#\X/W@_8#[@/I`_8`!P`1`
M!L`$$`$(`"`#P`;`!H`%P`2``\`!H`$@`B`"(`(@`F@`0/V`_,#_0`/`!,`$
MP`.``P`%``>`"8`)X`(`^X#X0/Q`_N#\@/J`]X#U`/:`^(#Z0/J@_%#_P/U`
M^\#\4``@`X`%0`9@`P``@`&`!<`%@`0`!``$0`+``2`"8`%@`2`"P`'@_D#]
M(/^``H`$``6`!0`$@`2`!X`*@`@@`8#Y0/E`_>#]P/L`^`#U@/2`]T#Z0/I`
M^4#\$/^@_0#\X/TP`8`$@`8`!D`">```!(`'0`:``\`"P`+``L`"(`(0`>``
M(`*``<#]P/RH_P`$@`7`!<`$``2`!0`)@`M`!@#\@/C`^Z#^(/U`^0#V`/2`
M]`#Y@/H`^$#Y(/X``,#\@/L`_R`"@`6`!\`$<`!0`0`'``G`!<`"P`+``B`#
M@`,``B@`$`&``S`!0/T`_0`!@`1`!@`'``6``\`%``K`!H#[`/B@_```0/V`
M^(#T@/.`]<#[P/P`]X#V`/P``,#]@/PP_R`!``0`!P`%N/\``8`'``K`!6`"
MP`+@`H`#@`4`!,C_(`!``X`"`/_P_B`"``1`!0`'0`9`!$`&``A@`8#V@/>8
M_W``@/L`]P#S@/$`][#^0/X`^`#X`/T`_L#\L/Z@`<`"0`6`!<`!(/[@`H`)
M``D`!"`"(`(@`@`$0`;`!-``(`'``B`!4/_``4`%0`9`!H`'P`7`!``'P`3`
M^0#V0/Q`_X#[`/<`]8#S@/2`^Z#^@/H`^,#[4/]`_H#]T```!(`$``7``P@`
M$`%`!X`)P`1P`2`"P`)``@`$P`1@`O``P`(@`C@`L`!`!8`'``>`!X`'``=`
M!N`!`/D`]P#\H/Y`^P#U@/$`\H#U0/O`_<#Y`/A`^Z#^H/Z@_L`!0`4`!X`%
MX`*P`,`"``@`"L`%8`$``2`"P`*``P`$X`&P`&`!L`"@_\`!@`4`"``(@`>`
M!P`(@`6@_8#X0/LP_\#]@/B`\P#Q@/*`^,#\0/H`^$#Y0/R@_$#]0`"``X`%
M0`9`!.``8`&`!P`+``@`!,`"(`+``@`$@`1``R`"(`+P``#_F/\`!``(``D`
M",`&0`8`!H``0/J`^A#_@/X`^0#T@/$`\@#WP/S`^X#W@/?`^F#]X/T@_\`!
M@`.`!8`%0`*@`4`%@`D`"8`%@`.``X`#@`3`!``$(`+@`2`"L``@`,`"P`6`
M!X`'``<`!T`#`/R`^"#]L`"0_H#X`/2`\8#R@/A@_<#[@/<`^`#Z0/N`_$@`
M@`,`!,`$@`/P`.`!0`>`"@`(P`0`!(`#@`-`!4`&0`7``B`"(`*P`"`"@`6`
M!T`'P`9`!D`$8/Z`]X#YV/\``(#[`/8`\H#Q@/;`_&#^@/J`^`#YP/F`^L#]
M0`+`!,`$(`(@`&@`@`0`"0`)P`4`!(`#P`)@`X`&0`>`!>`"@`&P`,`!``4`
M"(`(0`>`!<`$0/\`]P#W0/X0`,#[`/8`\@#Q@/2`_!#_P/H`^4#Z0/H`^:#\
M@`)`!D`%H`)0_Z#^@`,`"@`+P`6``X`#0`.``X`%``C`!L`$X`+@`!`!P`2`
M"8`*``A`!L`#8/T`]H#W8/Y`_\#Z@/:`\8#O`/5@_9C_P/O`^8#ZP/@`^$#]
M0`1`!@`%@`(0_^#]8`.`"0`*``:``\`"8`%@`D`&``E`!X`$P`+``*`!@`8`
M"P`+``B`!H`"P/B`]`#[L`#@_8#X`/0`\0#Q@/CP__#^P/J`^P#[@/<`^"``
M``=`!H`#H`#`_>#^@`:`"P`(``0`!.`"L`#@`H`(``D`!L`#X`&P`"`#@`D`
M#0`*``<`!`#[@/.`^#`!_/]`^8#T@/&`[P#U0/Z0``#\`/L`_(#X`/9`_4`'
M@`B`!,``X/R@_,`#``N`"H`$@`,`!+``$`&`!H`)@`<`!0`#"`!``8`(@`X`
M"X`&(`,`_`#T`/=H`$`!0/J`]8#R@.\`\@#]8`*@_@#\@/P`^0#VX/P`"``*
MP`4@`0#]P/O``8`*``L`!H`#@`/0`$``@`6`"8`'0`5@`^``>```!P`.@`P`
M"$`"@/@`\@#XP`!H``#Y@/2`\H#O`/.`_&`!T/[@_:#\@/>`]3#_``N`"X`%
M``&`_4#]P`.`"P`*``4`!(`#</]P_T`%@`F`!P`%8`+0_]``@`B`#H`+@`,`
M^@#T@/6`_*``P/R`]H#S`/*`\P#XH/R(_[``P/[`^0#V@/K`!0`,@`G``X#^
MX/U``H`'@`F`!X`%``2``5#_8`$`!@`(P`8`!,``>```!8`+``U`!@#Z`/(`
M]8#\4/]`^X#V@/,`\@#UP/E`^X#\@`"@`$#Z`/:`^T`&``R`"L`$0/Y@_<`#
M@`D`"8`&0`;`!&`!``!``@`%``>`!T`%_/\`_T`$``L`#,`$@/B`\8#U0/P@
M_D#Z`/4`\P#S`/;`^4#[8/TP`1`!`/H`]^#\@`>`#(`*@`0`_Y#_``8`"@`)
MP`;`!H`%0`*P`,`"@`7`!H`'``6``%#_0`0`"@`)@/X`\P#R@/@`_,#Y`/>`
M\X#R`/9`^@#Z`/J`_L`"D/X`^4#[8`*`"``+@`A@`E#_0`2`"0`*``<`!P`'
M@`3``@`$``1`!4`'P`:``^``@`,`",`&(/V`\P#S`/A`^P#X@/0`\H#Q@/4`
M^T#[P/E`_9``P/U`^]#^P`2`"``*``B@`K````8`"X`*@`<`!T`&@`0`!$`&
M0`9`!@`'0`:``X`"0`4`"0`%P/F`\8#S@/@`^@#W@/*`\(#P`/:`^H#Z@/I@
M_HC_@/M`^K``@`>`"H`*0`=``J`!@`<`#``+@`@`"(`&@`,`!``'@`>`!P`(
M@`9``Z`"@`8`",#_`/6`\P#X@/@`]H#S@/$`\0#T0/G`^(#V0/J8_T#]@/K`
M_H`$``<`"8`)@`4``T`'``N`"8`'@`F`"0`&P`1`!X`'``>`"(`(``8`!,`%
M@`5`_8#T`/:`^D#Y`/0`\8#N@.^`],#Z0/D`]8#XX/S`^D#Z4`#`!D`&0`;`
M!@`$P`(`"0`.@`I`!@`(``C`!H`'``H`"0`&0`8`"(`&0`:`!X`$@/@`\H#W
MP/L`^`#S`/&`[H#N@/5`^T#Y@/:`^@#\`/D`^T`#@`?`!4`%0`7``D`#@`J`
M#0`)0`8`",`&0`2`"``-``L`!X`'``C`!<`&@`:@_`#S@/?@_,#X@/&`\(#Q
M`/$`]`#Y@/@`]8#X@/P`^@#ZX`$`"(`%0`(`!(`$0`2`"0`-@`G`!``'``C`
M!0`'@`R`#$`'0`8`"(`'@`4`!,#\@/6`^"#]`/J`\8#O@/&`\X#U@/B`^`#V
M`/A`^P#[P/L@`X`)P`8``@`"P`,`!H`)@`N`"8`%P`7`!H`%@`<`#``-``A`
M!H`&0`;`!#```/H`^$#[@/R`]P#Q@.\`\P#W`/F`^8#W@/6`]X#YP/MP`(`%
M@`8`!"`"X`*`!8`(``L`"@`'@`5`!<`%0`<`"P`,@`J`!T`&@`4``X#^P/B`
M^.#\X/R`]H#Q@/``\X#W0/N`^H#W@/8`^0#Z0/M``0`'@`;``K``X`$`!H`*
M``V`"<`$0`1`!@`'0`>`"H`+@`F`!X`&@`20`(#[`/B`^$#[P/L`]H#P@/"`
M\P#Y`/V`_`#Y`/@`^0#[(/Z`!(`)@`=@`LC_@`$`!@`,``T`"0`$P`)`!(`&
M``F`#(`+``E`!X`%8`+`_0#Y@/C`^P#Z@/4`\H#O`/*`]D#Z@/Q`^T#Y@/G`
M^H#]P`,`"8`)P`5@`6`!0`6`"0`-``O`!H`#@`/`!(`'@`H`#``+``=`!<`"
M@/T`]X#W@/L`_`#W@/"`[8#P@/7`^J#\`/N`^$#Y0/N@_8`#@`H`#8`(@`(0
M`8`$``H`#P`-@`>@`B`"P`1`!P`*@`R`"L`&@`1P`4#[@/4`^,#]P/N`](#N
M@.N`[X#VP/J`^P#Y`/>`^(#Z`/Z`!``,@`T`"<`"@`%`!H`-@!&`#D`'P`+`
M`H`%@`B`"H`*``I`!T`#H/P`]0#S@/GH_T#Z@.^`Z(#J@/``^.#\0/J`]H#V
M@/@`^R``@`J`$(`-0`7@`0`"@`B`$H`4``S``R`"``1`!P`+``V`"@`(@`6H
M_P#W@.\`]F`!8/X`\H#I@.>`ZX#U0/T`_(#V@/.`]@#Y`/T`"(`0``^`"0`$
ML`#`!(`0@!:`$0`'8`'``H`&``R`#P`-@`E`!D`!`/>`[H#SP`%0`8#S@.F`
MY8#I@/1@_>#\`/8`\@#U@/?`^D`&@!"`$``*P`1@`4`%@`^`&(`4``E@`H`#
M``<`#(`/@`^`"D`&P/\`](#L@/-@`J`!`/.`YX#D@.F`],#_8/Z`]`#Q`/2`
M]D#[@`F`$H`/``B``^`!0`:`$H`:@!-`!R`"0`0`"(`-@!&`#P`*P`-`^H#M
M@.N`^D`%@/V`[8#B@.*`[,#Y(`(`_8#S`/&`\X#VL/^`#H`5@`[`!(#_@`&`
M"X`8@!L`#V`">`!`!H`+@!"`$P`/0`:`_(#O@.F`]"`#``0`](#D@.&`YX#S
MN/^``0#W`/$`\H#U0/P`"H`5@!*`!P``:```!X`4@!Z`%@`'8`#``P`)``^`
M$X`1``@`_(#O@.D`\T``(`,`]X#G@."`YH#Q8/WP``#Z@/,`\@#U0/P`"8`4
M@!0`"C`!H```!X`3@!R`%P`+H`(``X`(``^`$X`1@`