Date of this edition: 12 Sep., '93:

From the US Navy BBS. 

      QUOTATIONS FOR WORLD WAR II COMMEMORATIVE ACTIVITIES




         Emphasizing World War II Commemorative Themes:
                                
              Preparation And Entry Into War (1991)
                                
                        On Defense (1992)

               Transition to the Offensive (1993)
                                
                      The Tide Turns (1994)
                                
                          Peace (1995)








                           Compiled by
                 by JO1 Daryl S. Borgquist, USNR
                               for
                  Community Relations Division
                      Office of Information
                       United States Navy


American Preparedness For Defense

     "Our defense effort, by government definition, started on July
1, 1940.  By March 11, 1941, when the first Lend-lease Bill became
law and we started to arm the world as well as ourselves--the
government had requested industry to supply $9,329,000,000 of
defense equipment.
     "As of today, nearly ten billion dollars of equipment actually
has been turned over to government--more than even had  been
ordered less than seven short months ago.
     "We have done more, in a little over a year, working together
as free men, than Hitler accomplished in five years with his much
vaunted government dictated economy."

          -- Speech of Walter D. Fuller, President of Curtis
          Publishing Company, and President of the National
          Association of Manufacturers before the Cleveland
          Advertising Club, October 15, 1941 (Vital Speeches, Vol.
          VIII, No. 3, p. 72).

Armed Guard Crews

     "Over the ar fling convoy trails that cover the Navy's
'Orphans of the War' -- ARMED GUARD crews -- carry on to keep the
flow of supplies moving to our own forces and our Allies."

     "Under the blazing sun of the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean -
- over the wintry 'road to Murmansk' with it menace of ice and snow
carrying almost as great a threat of disaster as the submarine and
dive bombers -- the Armed Guards hammer away to keep the path
overseas open and Davy Jones' locker shut."

     "Not merely against the submarine menace are these men of the
Armed Guard operating, for one officer in a matter of fact report
related how his crew had faced enemy air fighters and bombers,
surface raiders and mines on one trip they successfully completed
to a port less than 75 miles from the fighting front."

     "Gun crews of the Armed Guard has been exacting their toll of
the Axis raiders in the air, on the surface and underwater . . . ."

     "It isn't all manning guns for these hardy members of the
Armed Guard, however, for time and again they have been forced to
take to boats and life rafts as their torpedoed craft slid under
the waves."

     "Days of drifting under the merciless sun was the lot of one
of these crews before they were picked up by a convoying destroyer
that had been called to their aid by a patrol plane that sighted
their frail craft tossing on the brassy southern sea."

     "'U.S. Navy gun crew members were the last to leave the ship',
was the laconic report of the master of an Army transport that had
been torpedoed."

     "This crew, the master said in enlarging on his report, stuck
by their gun until the deck on which their gun had been placed was
almost knee deep in water."

     "They waited so long, however, that only one of the nine was
saved.  This man was picked up after he had been swimming around
for the greater part of the night -- for the craft was torpedoed in
the dead of night."

     "It was their task to keep the sea lanes open, to maintain the
Navy's traditions of 'not giving up the ship', and this they did
even though they paid with their lives."

          -- Excepts from Navy Department Press Release, "Over The
          Ocean Trails Armed Guard Crews Battle To Keep The Supply
          Lanes Open," for release on Sunday, July 19, 1942. 
          Operational Archives Branch, Naval Historical Center.


Conduct of Fighting Forces

     "The war has been intensely stirred by the massacre of French
hostages.  The whole of France with the exception of that small
clique who public careers depend upon a German victory has been
united in horror and indignation against this slaughter of
perfectly innocent people."

          -- Speech by Sir Winston Churchill at Lord Mayor's
          Luncheon, London, November 10, 1941 (Vital Speeches, Vol.
          VIII, No. 4, December 1, 1941, p. 104.



Britain Will Assist U.S. Against Japan

     "Owing to the effective help we are getting from the United
States in the Atlantic, owing to the sinking of the Bismarck, owing
to the completion of our splendid new battleships and aircraft
carriers of the largest size, as well as to the courage of the
Italian Navy already mentioned, I ma able to go further and
announce to you here that we now feel ourselves strong enough to
provide a powerful naval force of heavy ships with its necessary
and ancillary vessels for services if needed in the Indian and
Pacific oceans."

          -- Speech of Sir Winston Churchill, At Lord Mayor's
          Luncheon, London, November 10, 1941 (Vital Speeches, Vol.
          VIII, No. 4, p. 105).



German Officers

     "The loss of Tunisia was considered by the entire German Army
to be a catastrophe second only in magnitude to that of
Stalingrad."

          -- LtGen. Walter Warlimont, German Army, after fall of
          Tunisia to Allied air and sea power, May 1943.  He was
          deputy chief of German Armed Force Operation Staff and
          Chief of the Joint Planning Staff (Morison, Vol. II, p.
          260).  Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "The 'tonnage war' is the main task for the submariners,
probably the decisive contribution of submarines to winning the
war.  This war on merchant shipping must be carried out where the
greatest successes can be achieved with the smallest losses."

          -- Grossadmiral Doenitz, in B.d.U. War Diary, December
          31, 1942.  Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington,
          D.C.

     "The war was in one sense lost before it began . . . Germany
was never prepared for a naval war against England . . . A
realistic policy would have given Germany a thousand U-boats at the
beginning . . . ."

          -- Doenitz Essay on the War at Sea, September 24, 1945
          (quoted in Morison, Vol. I, p. 4, note 6).  Courtesy
          Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "The ocean over which the U.S.-Gibraltar convoys operate
permits them to make radical evading movements without unduly
prolonging their passage.  Consequently there seems no purpose in
sending another group to intercept U.S.-Gibraltar convoys, as long
as the boats are unable to detect radar transmissions from enemy
aircraft . . . . Presence of escort aircraft carriers with the
convoys make operating conditions so difficult for the U-boats that
they are not likely to meet with success."

          -- Doenitz, German U-boat Command War Diary, July 11,
          1943.  Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.


Hitler's New World Order

     "Hitler has often protested that his plans for conquest do not
extend across the Atlantic Ocean.  But his submarines and raiders
prove otherwise.  And so does the entire design of his new world
order.

     ". . . I have in my possession a secret map made in Germany by
Hitler's government, by the planners of the new world order. It is
a map of South America and a part of Central America, as Hitler
proposes to reorganize it.
     
     "Today in this area there are fourteen separate countries. 
But the geographical experts of Berlin have ruthlessly obliterated
all existing boundary lines.  They have divided South America into
five vassal States, bringing the whole continent under their
domination.  And they have also arranged it that the territory of
one of these new puppet States includes the Republic of Panama and
our great life line, the Panama Canal."

          -- Radio Address of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, October
          27, 1941, in Washington, D.C. in Vital Speeches, Vol.
          VIII, No. 3 (November 15, 1941), p. 66.


     "It is a plan to abolish all existing religions, Catholic,
Protestant, Mohammedan, Hindu, Buddhist and Jewish alike.  The
property of all churches will be seized by the Reich and its
puppets.  The cross and all other symbols of religions are to be
forbidden.  The clergy are to be ever liquidated, silenced under
penalty of the concentration camps, where even now so many fearless
men are being tortured because they have placed God above Hitler.

     "In the place of the churches of our civilization there is to
be set up an international Nazi church . . ."

          -- Radio Address of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, October
          27, 1941, in Washington, D.C., in Vital Speeches, Vol.
          VIII, No. 3 (November 15, 1941), pp. 66-7.

     "My government was never blind to the ultimate purposes and
objectives of Hitlerism. It long since realized that Hitler had
formulated his plans to conquer the entire world.  These plans--the
plans of criminal paranoiac--were conceived before he had even
seized power in Germany.  They have been carried out step by step,
first through guile and deceit, later by fire and sword.  No evil
has been too monstrous for him.  No infamy has been too vile for
him to perpetrate."

     "I know that Hitler's representatives have said to some of you
that Germany has not the slightest thought of dominating the
Western Hemisphere.  All that Germany wants, they have told you, is
complete domination over every part of Europe, of Africa, and of
the Near East, the destruction of the British Empire, the
enslavement of the Russian people, the overlordship of the Far
East, and when this is accomplished, only friendship and peaceful
trade with the Americas."

          -- Speech by Sumner Wells, Under-Secretary of State of
          the United States, at the meeting of Foreign Ministers of
          the American Republics, Rio de Janeiro, January 15, 1942
          (Vital Speeches, Vol. VIII, No. 8, February 1, 1942, p.
          250). p. 250)


Hydrographic Office

     "The extent to which the Hydrographic Office has expanded in
war time may be judged from the fact that during the past fiscal
year a total of some 13,000,000 charts was printed as compared with
a normal peacetime yearly output of less than a half a million
charts."

          -- Rear Admiral G. S. Bryan, USN, (Retired), Chief of the
          Hydrographic Office, Navy Department Press Release, "Navy
          Hydrographic Office Observes Maury Centennial," September
          12, 1942.  World War II Command File, SECNAV Press
          Releases, Box 47, Operational Archives Branch, Naval
          Historical Center.



Industrial Support For War Effort

     "The Navy is dependent on the efforts of the men and
management of the non-ferrous metals mining industries to meet its
needs for the essential war materials produced by those industries. 
The Navy is cheered by the news of the start of the production
drive in these industries and applauds the evidence of the will of
the workers to lick the production job that faces them by
celebrating Miner's Day, June thirteenth, as a working day."

          -- Frank Knox, Secretary of the Navy, message of telegram
          to the Victory Drive Committee of the Anaconda Copper
          Company, Butte, Montana, congratulating the workers in
          the non-ferrous metals mining industries in Montana on
          their patriotism in celebrating Miner's Day, June 13, as
          a working day.  Navy Department Press Release, June 12,
          1942.  Operational Archives Branch, Naval Historical
          Center.

Industrial Production Capability

     "If steel is the basic foundation of modern war, it would be
rather dangerous for a power like, Japan, whose steel production is
only about 7,000,000 tons a year, to provoke, quite gratuitously a
struggle with the United States, whose steel production is now
about 90,000,000 tons--and this takes no account of the powerful
contribution which the British Empire can make in various ways."

          -- Speech by Sir Winston Churchill, At Lord Mayor's
          Luncheon, London, November 10, 1941 (Vital Speeches, Vol.
          VIII, No. 4, p. 105).

     ". . . one hundred and thirty million free people working in
unison for a common, high purpose are an invincible power. 
Millions of men will be fighting under arms for the country; other
millions will engage in the equally important task of production;
still other millions will be busy helping to preserve the morale
and spirit of the nation."

          -- Radio Speech of Joseph W. Martin, Jr., of
          Massachusetts, Republican Leader of the House of
          Representatives and Chairman of the Republican National
          Committee, over the National Radio Forum, National
          Broadcasting Company, January 12, 1942.

     "The United States is now in the war. Our industrial
production, the greatest in the world, is fast mounting toward the
maximum.  During the coming year we will produce some 60,000
airplanes, including 45,000 military airplanes, some 45,000 tanks,
some 300 new combatant ships, from the mightiest battleships to
coastal patrol craft, and some 600 new merchant ships.  We will
attain a rate of 70,000 per year in the training of combat airplane
pilots."

     "We will spend fifty billions of dollars, or half of our total
national income, in the year thereafter in order to secure the use
of every ounce of our national resources in our war effort."

          -- Speech of Sumner Wells, Under-Secretary of State of
          the United States, at the meeting of Foreign Ministers of
          the American Republics, Rio de Janeiro, January 15, 1942
          (Vital Speeches, Vol. VIII, No. 8, February 1, 1942, p.
          251).

International Diplomacy Between The Wars

     "All of us learned a bitter lesson in those years between 1936
and 1941.  We learned by the tragic experience of others, that all
of those standards of international decency and of international
law, upon which the hopes of a law-abiding and a peaceful world
were based, were utterly disregarded by Hitler and by his
ignominious satellites."

     "Many months ago Japan entered into a tripartite pact with
Germany and Italy.  My government learned that this arrangement,
which made of Japan the submissive tool of Hitler for the primary
purpose of preventing the United States from continuing to give
assistance to Great Britain, was not supported by certain elements
in Japan."

          -- Speech by Sumner Wells, Under-Secretary of State of
          the United States, at the meeting of Foreign Ministers of
          the American Republics, Rio de Janeiro, January 15, 1942
          (Vital Speeches, Vol. VIII, No. 8, February 1, 1942,
          p.250).

Japan

     "No one doubts that the British and American naval forces now
in the Far East could easily destroy the Japanese Navy."

          -- ATLANTA CONSTITUTION, September 20, 1941.  It was
          typical of optimistic remarks that appeared in many
          newspapers across the country, which did not consider
          Japan a strong potential enemy.  Timothy B. Benford, The
          World War II Quiz and Fact Book (New York:  Harper and
          Row, 1982), Vol. II, p. 181.  

     "For many years we have lived in ignorance of the true
ambitions and capabilities of Japan . . . we have underrated the
Japanese, as a result.  We knew vaguely that the Japanese are
trying to build an empire.  But few realized how great that empire
would be, if it were built, or how old the plans for it are.  The
present Japanese drive is no flash in the pan.  Japan was dreaming
of empire as long ago as the sixteenth century, when her great
dictator Hideyoshi planned to put together a huge Asiatic structure
composed of Japan, Corea, Formosa, China, India, Persia, the
Philippines, and the islands of the south seas."

     "For centuries Japan locked herself away from the world in a
kind of medieval fastness; but the Asiatic empire has smouldered in
the background of her politics and her dreams. The urge for that
empire burst into flame in our own time.  Japan seized Corea in
1910.  She struck into Manchuria in 1931."

          -- Speech "We Cannot Keep Freedom To Ourselves," Wendell
          L. Willkie, Presidential Candidate in 1940 Delivered at
          Rochester University, April 23, 1942 (Vital Speeches,
          Vol. VIII, No. 15, May 15, 1942, p. 457).

     "It needs no reiteration that the fundamental principle of
Japan's foreign policy aims at establishment of peace in East Asian
based on justice, thereby contributing toward promotion of the
general welfare of mankind.  It is by nothing other than the fruit
of constant efforts exerted in the espousal of this great principle
that our country has witnessed the unceasing development of her
national fortune since the Meiji restoration."

     "Japan is  . . . concentrating her sincere and utmost efforts
on successful termination of the China affair and initiation of the
new order in East Asia.  But when our troops entered the southern
part of French Indo-China this summer in accordance with the
protocol for joint defense . . . Great Britain and the United
States chose to regard it as a menace to their territories and
froze Japan's assets in their countries, which constitutes a
measure tantamount rupturing economic relations. . . Great Britain
and the United States have even gone the length of establishing
encircling positions against Japan by inducing Australia, the
Netherlands East Indies and the Chungking regime to join in."

          -- Speech by Shigenori Togo, Japanese Foreign Minister,
          Delivered to the Japanese Diet, November 17, 1941 (Vital
          Speeches, Vol. VIII, No. 4, December 1, 1941, p. 106).

     "The Round-the-World Cruise, in my opinion-- the opinion of a
young, inexperienced officer--was a success by every standard. 
Navally, it brought the fleet to the peak of perfection. 
Nationally, it increased the prestige of the United States in every
country where we showed our flag.  And diplomatically, it is not
inconceivable that our appearance in Japanese waters at this time
prevented a war, or at least postponed it.  Japan was fuming over
our intervention between her and Russia and was looking for an
excuse for trouble.  The cruise was one of President Roosevelt's
'big sticks.' He brandished it in Yokohama and Tokyo, and the Japs
piped down."

          -- Fleet Admiral William F. Halsey, Jr., when a young
          officer in 1909 in Admiral Halsey's Story (1947), p. 14. 
          Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.


Japanese Officers

     "A military man can scarcely pride himself on having 'smitten
a sleeping enemy;' in fact, to have it pointed out is more a matter
of shame.  I would rather you made your appraisal after seeing what
the enemy does, since it is certain that, angered and outraged, he
will soon launch a determined counterattack, whether it be a full-
scale engagement on the sea, air raids on Japan itself, or a strong
attack against the main units of our fleet.  Either way, my one
desire is to carry through the first stage of operations before the
enemy can recover, and, on the surface at least, achieve some basis
for a protracted war. . . ."

          -- Admiral Isoruku Yamamoto, Imperial Japanese Navy,
          letter to Ogata Taketora, January 9, 1942, in Hiroyuki
          Agawa, trans. John Bester, The Reluctant Admiral: 
          Yamamoto and the Imperial Navy (Tokyo:  Kodansha
          International), p. 285.

     "The favorable results achieved at the commencement of
hostilities would suggest that Lady Luck is still watching over the
nation . . . ."

          -- Yamamoto, letter to Harada Kumao, December 19, 1941,
          in Agawa's book, p. 285.


     "The war has begun at last, but there's no point in feeling
pressed, since it's almost certain to go on for decades.  The
public seems to be kicking up a great deal of fuss over nothing. 
But I don't think it will be very good either for education, for
the public morale, or in increasing production . . . . I don't see
what there is to get so excited about in somebody's sinking a
handful of warships."

          -- Yamamoto to his sister Kazuko in the country, December
          18, 1941, in Agawa's book, p. 285.

     "Most people think Americans love luxury and that their
culture is shallow and meaningless.  It is a mistake to regard the
Americans as luxury-loving and weak.  I can tell you Americans are
full of the spirit of justice, fight, and adventure.  Also their
thinking is very advanced and scientific.  Lindberg's solo crossing
of the Atlantic is the sort of valiant act which is normal for
them.  That is a typically American adventure based on science.

     "Do not forget American industry is much more developed than
ours -- and unlike us they have all the oil they want.  Japan
cannot beat America.  Therefore we should not fight America."

          -- Admiral Yamamoto, quoted in J. D. Potter, Admiral of
          the Pacific.  From Yamamoto's speech to his old middle
          school in Nagaoka, just before World War II.  Courtesy
          Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.



     "I knew that Japan could not possibly make a successful war
against the United States."

          -- Admiral K. Nomura, Imperial Japanese Navy, in film
          "Report from Tokyo, 1946."  See USN photo 606887. 
          Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "The sum and substance of the loss of the war was that Japan
simply did not have the war potential to stand up against the power
of the U.S. Navy Task Forces, and the amphibious forces that
followed them."

          -- Captain Toshikazu Ohmae, Imperial Japanese Navy. 
          Captain Ohmae was in charge of Operation Planning,
          Japanese Naval General Staff at the end of WWII. 
          Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "Ninety-five percent of my country's naval losses were
attributed to the action of the United States Navy."

          -- Admiral Osami Nagano, Imperial Japanese Navy, "Report
          from Tokyo, 1946" when interviewed by Ensign T.
          Weinbrenner, USNR, former newspaperman and language
          interpreter, a captive for three years of the Japanese. 
          (See USN photo 606886).  Courtesy Naval Historical
          Center, Washington, D.C.

     "The Battle of Midway was the turning point of the war, for up
to that time Japan had been on the offensive.  But after the Battle
of Midway the Japanese were forced to adopt defensive strategy.  It
was carrier-based bombers that turned back our fleet there.  We
lost four carriers to this type of attack."

          -- Capt. Aoki, IJN, Commanding Officer of carrier Akagi
          (sunk in Battle of Midway), courtesy of Naval Historical
          Center, Washington, D.C.

Labor Effort/Policy

     "Labor Day, 1942, is like no other holiday in history."

     "In no other war has labor played a part so important to each
military movement or decision."

     "The whipped and driven masses of the enemy have no chance to
inquire whether they are making greater sacrifices than their
neighbors.  The amount of their sacrifice is imposed upon them by
their masters -- the same brutal militarists who wish to be our
masters, too."

     "We who represent the Armed Forces know the vigor and
resourcefulness of America's fighters on the firing line and on the
production line.  We are proud to extend to labor, on behalf of the
Army and the Navy, congratulations on what has been accomplished,
and encouragement to go forward.  Free labor can win this battle of
production.  Men who love freedom will win."

          -- Press release, "Labor Day Statement By Secretary Of
          The Navy Frank Knox and Under Secretary of War Robert
          Patterson," September 6, 1942.  World War II Command
          File, SECNAV Press Releases, Box 47, Operational
          Archives, Naval Historical Center.

     "The celebration of Labor Day this year [1942] has particular
significance.  It reminds us first that the rights and liberties of
labor like the rights and liberties of men at all times and in all
places cannot endure unless those who enjoy them are ready to fight
for them, and second, that the rights of labor carry with those
right responsibilities fully as great.  Here at Pearl Harbor and
the great theater of war in the Pacific, labor has proven its
readiness to fight at its full realization and acceptance of
responsibilities."

     "The men who lead Japan and Germany have no place in their
philosophies for either our national or international aims of
justice, liberty and human and national rights.  They govern their
own countries by murder, they would rule the world by the whip. 
With them labor is a slave of the ruler.  On one of the islands
that our men took on the Solomons, the Japanese labor groups were
shot like cattle by their own troops rather than permit their
surrender."

          -- James V. Forrestal, Under Secretary of the Navy,
          speech delivered Sunday, September 6, 1942, at the
          presentation of the Army-navy Production Award to
          civilian personnel, officers and men of U.S. Navy Yard,
          Pearl Harbor, Territory of Hawaii.  World War II Command
          File, SECNAV Press Releases, Box 47, Operational
          Archives, Naval Historical Center.


     
League of Nations

     "It is said that the League of Nations failed.  If so, that is
largely because it was abandoned, and later on betrayed:  because
those who were its best friends were till a very late period
infected with a futile pacifism:  because the United States, the
originating impulse, fell out of the line: because, while France
had been bled white and England was supine and bewildered, a
monstrous growth of aggression sprang up in Germany, in Italy and
Japan."

          -- Speech by Sir Winston Churchill at Harvard University,
          Boston, Massachusetts, on September 6, 1943, in Churchill
          Speaks:  Collected Speeches in Peace and War, ed. Robert
          Rhodes James, M.P., New York: Chelsea House, 1980, p.
          817.

     "Emperors, kings, dictators, statesmen, and the man in the
corner service station may debate without end on whether America
should have entered the League of Nations--a Wilson creation--and
added the prestige and power of a great nation to its
deliberations.  We did not.  Shifting public attitudes in our
democracy decreed otherwise, and the League, without our influence
and strength, was never able to function as a compelling weapon for
peace."

          -- Speech by John W. McCormack, of Massachusetts,
          Majority Leader of the United States House of
          Representatives, delivered before the Boston Chamber of
          Commerce, Retail Trade Board, Maritime Association, and
          Advertising Club of Boston on December 31, 1941 (Vital
          Speeches, Vol. VIII, No. 8, February 1, 1942, p. 245).

Naval Reserve

     "A strong Naval Reserve is essential, because it means a
strong Navy.  The Naval Reserve is our trained civilian navy,
ready, able, and willing to defend our country and suppress her
enemies should the need arise again."

          -- RADM Felix Johnson, Westport, Connecticut, October 26,
          1946.  Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.


Need For New International Institutions

     "We have learned from hard experiences that stronger, more
efficient, more rigorous world institutions must be created to
preserve peace and to forestall the causes of future wars. In this
task the strongest victorious nations must be combined, and also
those who have borne the burden and heat of the day and suffered
under the flail of adversity; and, in this task, this creative
task, there are some who say: 'Let us have world council and under
it regional or continental councils,' and there are others who
prefer a somewhat different organization."

 
          -- Speech by Sir Winston Churchill at Harvard University,
          Boston, Massachusetts, September 6, 1943, in Churchill
          Speaks:  Collected Speeches in Peace and War, ed. Robert
          Rhodes James, M.P., New York:  Chelsea House, 1980, p.
          817.

Prejudice/Racism

     "Germans by blood are neither better nor worse than
Englishmen, Americans, Swedes, Poles or Russians.  But the Prussian
tradition of the last century, and especially the Nazi education of
the last ten years, have created a psychic entity so monstrous and
so dangerous to the entire world that it is absolutely vital to
exercise some control over German education when the war comes to
an end."

          -- Henry A. Wallace, Vice President of the United States,
          speech delivered at a conference on "Christian Bases of
          World Order," at Delaware, Ohio, the seat of Ohio
          Wesleyan University.  The speech was delivered over the
          Blue Network at 11:30 a.m., Monday, March 8, 1943.  Text
          from Representative American Speeches:1942-1943, compiled
          by A. Craig Baird, New York:  H.W. Wilson, 1943, p. 280.

     ". . . I should like to tell you a little about my long and
vividly interesting trip to your country from my own land which has
bled and borne unflinchingly the burden of war for more than five
and a half years.

     ". . . At some of the places I visited, I met the crew of your
air bases.  There I found first-generation Germans, Italians,
Frenchmen, Poles, Czechoslovakians, and other nationals.  Some of
them had accents so thick that, if such a thing were possible, one
could not cut them with a butter knife.

     "But there they were--all Americans, all devotes to the same
ideals, all working for the same cause and united by the same high
purpose.  No suspicion or rivalry existed among them.  This
increased my belief and faith that devotion to common principles
eliminates differences in race, and that identity of ideals is the
strongest possible solvent of racial dissimilarities."

          -- Madame Chiang Kai-shek, "Japan Is First United States
          Foe," Congressional Record, v. 89, no. 28, pp. 1142-43 in
          Representative American Speeches 1942-1943, compiled by
          A. Craig Baird, New York: H.W. Wilson, pp. 86,88.  He
          speech was delivered on February 18, 1943 to the U.S.
          House of Representatives at 12:30 p.m.; this speech
          immediately followed her speech in the Senate shortly
          after 12:00 p.m.

     "There is . . . varied Nazi propaganda that is pitched for the
mentality and racial prejudices of particular groups.  One religion
is pitted against another, Gentile against Jew, White man against
Negro -- yet even nation played against nation.  Such a
diabolically planned technique has been skillfully concocted by
some of the sharpest brains in the enemy country."

          -- CAPT Leland P. Lovette, USN, address at Work-War
          Conference of America's Young Men, 23rd Annual Convention
          of the U.S. Junior Chamber of Commerce, Dallas, Texas,
          June 18, 1942.  World War II Command File, SECNAV, Press
          Releases, Box 47, Operational Archives, Naval Historical
          Center.
     
Psychological Warfare

     "We are a people to whom the most complicated machines are
understandable and the most incredible mechanical miracles are
believable, for we are familiar with machines and we have practiced
mechanical miracles.  Bombers flying at impossible speeds and
unattainable heights are accepted without question and observed
without astonishment.  But the devices of psychological attack are
another matter.  Fraud as an instrument of conquest is something we
have read about but have not seen, and the power of words to
overthrow nations and enslave their people is a power in which we
do not altogether or literally believe."

          -- Speech: "The Psychological Front:  Beware The Peace
          Offensive," by Archibald MacLeish, Director of the Office
          of Facts and Figures Delivered at the Association Press
          Annual Luncheon, New york City, April 20, 1942 (Vital
          Speeches, VIII, No. 14, May 1, 1942, p. 425).

PT Boats

     "PT Boats filled an important need in World War II in shallow
waters, complementing the achievements of greater ships in greater
seas.  This need for small, fast, versatile, strongly armed vessels
does not wane.  In fact it may increase in these troubled times
when operations requiring just these capabilities are the most
likely of those which may confront us."

     "The widest use of the sea, integrated fully into our national
strength, is as important to America in the age of nuclear power
and space travel as in those stirring days of the birth of the
Republic."

          -- Foreword by President John F. Kennedy in AT CLOSE
          QUARTERS:  PT Boats in the United States Navy, by Captain
          Robert J. Bulkley, Jr., USNR (Retired) Washington, D.C.:
          Naval History Division, U.S. Navy.

Religion and World War II

     "On February 3, 1943, the cargo transport Dorchester was
torpedoed at 1:15 a.m. and sand within twenty-five minutes in
iceberg waters, ninety miles from Greenland.  As the ship went
down, four chaplains--one a Catholic, one a Jew, two Protestants--
were on the deck encouraging the men and passing out life belts. 
When there were no life belts left, they took off their own and
gave them away.  These chaplains were last seen standing arm in arm
praying.

     "As they went to their death, united in the service of their
common Lord, so let us, the living members of the great religious
faiths they represent, go forward, shoulder to shoulder, as a
united army, fighting evil, establishing righteousness, brothers in
service, sons of the one God and Father of us all!"

          -- John D. Rockerfeller, Jr., speech to dinner of the
          Protestant Council of the City of New York, January 31,
          1945, in Representative American Speeches 1944-1945,
          compiled by A. Craig Baird, New York: H. W. Wilson, 1945,
          p. 297.

Research

     "Wars are fought primarily with weapons which are developed
before the fighting begins . . . If a nation is to be
scientifically prepared, its preparedness must be worked out in
peacetime."

          -- James V. Forrestal, Secretary of the Navy, Speech on
          establishing the Office of Naval Research, August 1946. 
          Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     ". . . it is sometimes difficult for the average layman to see
the need for expanding defense activities in time of peace or for
carrying on research for rubber or some other product which we
import.  But it is easy to see the value of these precautions when
we are at war.  We didn't hear anything about the years of
painstaking research and the thousands of dollars that the Duponts
put into the development of Nylon, but we are mighty proud now that
we have something to take the place of silk that is no longer
available in sufficient quantities to meet our needs."

     ". . . naval stores; decidedly Southern, and one whose
products have served in War and in peace since Colonial Days.  In
the early days its principal product--pine pitch--was considered
indispensable for caulking ships.  Today the raw materials are
rosin and turpentine almost entirely.  Their derivatives figure
prominently in war materials.  Thank to turpentine and a farseeing
synthetic chemical industry, we can now get synthetically the
camphor we need for smokeless powder, plastics and other
requirements.  Our scientists discovered some time ago that
American turpentine is rich in pinenes and constitutes excellent
raw material for synthetic camphor.  Unlike World War I, when Japan
was our ally, the supply of natural camphor (from Formosa) is now
completely shut off, like that of natural rubber."

     "Penicillin is a substance of unknown nature produced by the
action of a mold, Penicillium notatum, when grown in artificial
culture.  When diluted s high as 1:50,000,000 it will stop the
growth of bacteria such as Streptococci, Staphylococci, and certain
other pathogens.  It is non-toxic to humans and can be administered
intravenously, orally, or by surface application.  It has been
found to be especially efficacious by the English in the treatment
of gangrenous infections and burns, the latter making up a large
part of current casualties in the British Isles.  Penicillin is at
present very difficult to prepare, but if made generally available
it may well be the biggest advance in the treatment of infections
since the development of the sulphonomide drugs."

          -- Speech on "Research Laboratories and National Defense:
          New Production Methods For Materials We Cannot Buy," by
          Dr. Henry G. Knight, Chief, Bureau of Agricultural
          Chemistry and Engineering, U.S. Department of
          Agriculture.  Delivered before the Eighth Annual
          Chemurgic Conference, Stevens Hotel, Chicago, Illinois,
          March 25, 1942 (Vital Speeches, Vol. VIII, No. 15, May
          15, 1942, p. 464, 465, 467).

Seabees

     "The Navy's newest fighting arm, the Construction Battalions,
are in action.  Their ranks are growing rapidly and their training
grounds have been established and [are] in operation."

     "The Training Center for the 'Seabees' has been established as
part of the Naval Operating Base at Norfolk.  There are two units
of the Center, Camp Allen for preliminary training and induction
into the Navy, and Camp Bradford for advanced, specialized
training."

     "The officers in charge of the Seabee program are under no
illusions that they are going to turn out crack military regiments,
perfect on the rifle range and drill field.  Time is too short for
that.  The men are taught to fight, and fight hard, with rifles,
pistols, machine guns, bayonets, and hand grenades.  The Seabees
are going in the field well prepared to defend, if necessary, the
bases which they are being called on to produce."

     "Combat and defense fighting is taught by marine Drill
Masters; and in addition to the use of weapons, there are drills
and lectures to make the skilled artisan into a fighting mechanic. 
They are taught close and extended order, combat principles, and
semaphore.  They are also taught the erection and use of
decontamination units as well as gas mask drill."

     "As in every other field of war effort, the essential factor
in training the Seabees is speed.  In the brief months of their
existence, the Construction Battalions have expanded tremendously. 
Before the outbreak of war, the plan was to organize one regiment
of 3,300 officers and men, specialists all, whose job it would have
been to check the work done for the Navy by private contractors. 
After December 7, however, the idea involving tremendous expansion
was presented.  The Construction Battalions would have to build,
not just supervise.  Today, 12 regiments totaling 40,000 officers
and men are under the process of enlistment and training."

          --  Navy Department Press Release, "'Seabees', Navy's
          Newest, Swing Into Action," for Sunday, June 7, 1942. 
          Operational Archives Branch, Naval Historical Center.

                               ***

     "Courage and patriotism were exemplified when Richard J.
Haskin, 19, of . . . Buffalo, New York, went to the recruiting
station to enlist in the Navy's 'Seabee' Construction battalion as
a welder."

     "Rejected as a recruit because the little finger on each hand
had been deformed since birth, haskin went from the recruiting
station to the hospital where he had both fingers amputated so that
he might be accepted for active duty."

     "The 'sneak attack' at Pearl harbor was still fresh in the
minds of the American public when Haskin decided that the Navy was
the spot where he wanted to do his bit for the nation.  He studied
welding at a Buffalo school to prepare himself for a berth in the
'Seabees'.  Haskin completed his educational course as a welder a
few days ago and hustled to the recruiting station, only to be
rejected.  Then followed the operation and soon he'll be squaring
away for the 'Seabee' training camp before heading out to active
duty."

          -- Navy Department Press Release, "Youth Sacrifices
          Fingers To Enlist In 'Seabees'," June 16, 1942. 
          Operational Archives Branch, Naval Historical Center. 

V-Mail

     "Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, Commander in Chief of the Pacific
Fleet, has sent to Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox the first V-
Mail letter ever mailed from the Pacific Fleet to the continental
United States.  The letter demonstrated that the new V-Mail ("V"
for Victory) is the fastest, cheapest and most private method by
which anyone, anywhere, may correspond with Naval and Marine forces
afloat and afield."

     "Admiral Nimitz stressed that families of service personnel,
as well as soldiers, sailors and marines afloat, should realize
that V-Mail has been developed for their especial use.  It rate
highest priority and goes to and from the Pacific area by the first
available air transportation.  V-Mail stationery is free for the
asking at any Post Office in the United States."

     "Admiral Nimitz pointed out that whereas regular air mail
between the Hawaiian area and the Pacific Coast often takes many
days -- even going by convoy when mails are unusually congested --
V-Mail averages only four days.  V-Mail between Hawaii and East
Coast points takes only six days from the time of posting to
arrival."

     "Use of V-Mail is simplicity itself.  Full directions appear
on the stationery.  Typewriter, ink or soft pencil may be used. 
The sheet is them folded into a letter, mailed with regular 3
cents, or for airmail within the U.S. 6 cents postage.  Ingenious
machines automatically open and photograph the letter on 16
millimeter microfilm spools.  No one, save the usual censor, can
read them.  Two of these spools contain as many letters as an
ordinary mail pouch.  The spools are sent to their destination by
air, and the letters then are transferred onto 4 x 5 1/4"
photographic cards (again mechanically.) [sic]  The cards are
delivered by fastest available means to the addressee."

     "In places where equipment for photographing is not available,
the actual V-Mail letters themselves are delivered, in nearly all
cases outside the continental U.S. air transportation being used."

          -- Navy Department Press Release, "Admiral Nimitz
          Demonstrates Speed Of V-Mail Service," September 3, 1942. 
          World War II Command File, SECNAV Press Releases, Box 48,
          Operational Archives Branch, Naval Historical Center. 

War Bond Campaign

     "It is essential not only for the successful conduct of the
war but for the economic welfare of the nation that as much as
possible of the income of individuals be invested in Government
securities.  This is imperative for a number of reasons.  One is
that this money is actually needed to finance the war.  It helps to
pay for the weapons our courageous fighting forces need to defeat
the enemy.  Another reason is that by investing as much as possible
of our current income in War Bonds, we reduce unnecessary spending
and thus help to keep prices down.  Every War Bond dollar we get
means one dollar less that we shall have to borrow from the banks."

     "To accomplish these objectives the slogan of our War Bond
Campaign has been 'Everybody -- Every Pay Day -- 10%.'  It is
proper that we who are in Government service should set an example
for those employed in business and industry.  The Treasury
Department last month, and now the Navy Department, have gone over
the top in this campaign.  Over 90% of the employees of both
departments are investing more than 10% of their total pay in War
Bonds every pay day.  We of the Treasury and you in the Navy have
thus said to employees everywhere, in other Government Departments
and in private business and industry, 'We have shown the way.  This
job can and must be done.'"

          -- Henry Morgenthau, Jr., Secretary of the Treasury,
          excerpts from speech at Victory Bond Rally, July 24,
          1942.  Navy Department Press Release, July 24, 1942. 
          Operational Archives Branch, Naval Historical Center.

World War

     "This is a new kind of war.  It is different from all other
wars of the past, not only in its methods and weapons but also in
its geography.  It is warfare in terms of every continent, every
island, every sea, every air-lane in the world."

          -- Radio Address "The Broad Oceans Have Become Endless
          Battle Fields" of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt,
          February 23, 1942 from Washington, D.C. (Vital Speeches,
          Vol. VIII, No. 10, p. 291).

World War II Slogans

"A SECRET ONCE TOLD IS NOT SECRET AT ALL."

"A SLIP OF THE LIP MAY SINK A SHIP."
     (Credited to CDR Richard B. Coffman, USN, 11th Naval District,
     1942).

"BETTER BE SILENT THAN SORRY."

"BUY BONDS TO BUY BOMBS TO BOMB BUMS."

"CAN YOU KEEP A SECRET? O.K. KEEP IT!"

"Here's to the ships of our Navy,
 Here's to the ladies of our land;
 May the former be well rigged
 And the latter be well manned." 

"Honorable Jap spy reports: 'Very cold in U.S.A.
Coffee, liquor, and tires are frozen.'"

"IN A RESTAURANT, LOOSEN YOUR BELT NOT YOUR TONGUE."

"INITIATIVE IS DOING THE RIGHT THING WITHOUT BEING TOLD."

"It's a free country
 And we still have free speech;
 But see that you don't
 Do harm to the Fleet."

"LICK WAR STAMPS TO LICK THE AXIS."

"LOOSE TALK SINKS SHIPS."

"MAKE IT DO/WEAR IT OUT/USE IT UP/OR DO WITHOUT."

"MONDAY, DECEMBER 7, IS PEARL HARBOR WAR BOND DAY."

"REMEMBER PEARL HARBOR."

"SILENCE IS GOLDEN."

"SPIES ARE HABITUALLY INQUISITIVE."

"THE SILENT SPHINX--IT SEES ALL AND TELLS NOTHING."

"THERE IS MANY A SLIP TWIXT CUP AND LIP."

"WAR IS SWEET TO THEM WHO KNOW IT NOT."

"WE SHALL NOT FORGET."

"WILFUL WASTE BRINGS WOEFUL WANT."

"WORDS ARE LIKE RAZORS:  THEY MAY BE USED TO CUT YOUR THROAT."

          -- Compiled by Don Martin, printed in PATROL, a Submarine
          Base Pearl Harbor, weekly newspaper, 1942-1945, kindness
          of Commander C. F. Johnson, USN).



                     BATTLES OF WORLD WAR II

Destruction of the French Fleet

     "It is with sincere sorrow that I must now announce to the
House the measures which we have felt bound to take in order to
prevent the French Fleet from falling into German hands."

     ". . . early yesterday morning, 3rd July (1940), after all
preparations had been made, we took the great part of the French
Fleet under our control, or else call upon them, with adequate
force to comply with our requirements.  Two battleships, two light
cruisers, some submarines, including a very large one, the Surcouf,
eight destroyers and approximately 200 smaller but extremely useful
mine-sweeping and anti-submarine craft which lay for the most part
at Portsmouth and Plymouth, though there were some at Sheerness,
were boarded by superior forces, after brief notice had been given
wherever possible to their captains . . ."

          Speech in the House of Commons by Sir Winston Churchill
          on July 4, 1940, in Churchill Speaks:  Collected Speeches
          in Peace and War, edited by Robert Rhodes James, M.P. 
          New York: Chelsea House, 1980, pp. 721, 722.

     "This was a hateful decision, the most unnatural and painful
in which I have ever been concerned."

          --  Sir Winston Churchill, Their Finest Hour, p. 232.


Battle for the Atlantic

                               ***

Winston Churchill, 31 July 1940
Prime Minister of England

To President Roosevelt:

"It is some time since I ventured to cable personally to you, and
many things, both good and bad, have happened in between.  It has
now become most urgent for you to let us have the destroyers,
motor-boats and flying-boats for which we have asked . . . .
"We have a large construction of destroyers and anti-U-boat craft
coming forward, but the next three or four moths open the gap of
which I have previously told you.  Latterly the air attack on our
shipping has become injurious.  In the last ten days we have had
the following destroyers sunk:  BRAZEN, CODRINGTON, DELIGHT, WREN,
and the following damaged:  BEAGLE, BOREAS, BRILLIANT, GRIFFIN,
MONTROSE, WALPOLE, WHITSHED: total, eleven.  All this in advance of
any attempt which may be made at invasion!  Destroyers are
frightfully vulnerable to air bombing, and yet they must be held in
the air bombing area to prevent sea-borne invasion.  We could not
sustain the present rate of casualties for long, and if we cannot
get a substantial reinforcement the whole fate of the war may be
decided by this minor and easily-remediable factor.

"This is a frank account of our present situation, and I am
confident, now that you know exactly how we stand, that you will
leave nothing undone to ensure that fifty or sixty of your oldest
destroyers are sent to me at once.  I can fit them very quickly
with Asdics and use them against U-boats on the Western Approaches,
and so keep the more modern and better-gunned craft for the Narrow
Seas against invasion.  Mr. President, with great respect I must
tell you that in the long history of the world this is a thing to
do NOW.  Large construction is coming to me in 1941, but the crisis
will be reached long before 1941.  I know you will do all in your
power, but I feel entitled and bound to put the gravity and urgency
of the position before you.

"If the destroyers were given, the motor-boats and flying boats,
which would be invaluable, could surely come in behind them.

"I am beginning to feel very hopeful about this war if we can get
around the next three or four months.  The air is holding well.  We
are hitting that man hard, both in repelling attacks and in bombing
Germany.  But the loss of destroyers by air attack may well be so
serious as to break down our defence of the food and trade routes
across the Atlantic.

"Tonight the latest convoys of rifles, cannon, and ammunition are
coming in.  Special trains are waiting to take them to the troops
and Home Guard, who will take a lot of killing before they give up. 
I am sure that, with your comprehension of the sea affair, you will
not let this crux of the battle go wrong for want of these
destroyers."

          -- Churchill's cable to Roosevelt regarding Bases/
          Destroyers Deal, quoted in Philip Goodhart's book Fifty
          Ships That Saved the World (Doubleday, 1965), pp. 145-46. 
          Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.


                               ***

     "The immense scale of events on land and in the air has tended
to obscure the no less impressive victory at sea.  The whole Anglo-
American campaign in Europe depended upon the movement of convoys
across the Atlantic . . ."

     "The Battle of the Atlantic was the dominating factor all
through the war."

          -- Churchill quoted in VADM Sir Peter Gretton's Former
          Naval Person:  Winston Churchill and the Royal Navy
          (London, 1968), pp. 234, 295.  Courtesy the Naval
          Historical Center, Washington, D.C.


     "Upon our naval and air patrol--now operating in large numbers
over a vast expanse of the Atlantic Ocean-- falls the duty of
maintaining the American policy of freedom of the seas.  That mean
. . . our patrolling vessels and planes will protect all merchant
ships, not only American ships, but ships of any flag, engaged in
commerce in our defense waters.

     "From now on, if German or Italian vessels of war enter the
waters, the protection of which is necessary for American defense,
they do so at their own peril.

     "The orders which I have given as Commander-in-Chief of the
United States Army and Navy are to carry out that policy at once."

          -- President Franklin D. Roosevelt, radio address on
          September 11, 1941 from the White House.  The new policy
          followed the attempted torpedoing of the USS Greer, an
          old World War I destroyer, seven days earlier as it
          approached  a favorite U-Boat hunting ground that quickly
          became known as "Torpedo Junction" 175 miles southwest of
          Iceland.  Up until this time all of the vessels attacked
          had been merchant marine ships.  

"Hell, I had that cigar in my mouth to keep my teeth from
chattering."

          -- Commander Harley F. Cope, USN, Commanding Officer, USS
          SALINAS, a 16,000 ton Naval Oil Tanker, torpedoed
          southwest of Iceland on October 30, 1941.  Commander Cope
          responded with this reply back in port when one of his
          crew complimented the skipper on the manner in which he
          maintained his calmness during the torpedo attack, when
          he strode the bridge with a cigar clenched in his teeth.
          In Walter Karig, Battle Report:  The Atlantic War (New
          York: Rinehart, 1946), pp. 77-79.

     "I wish your President would tell your Navy to get the hell
out of those Navy Yards and go look for you girls!"

          Captain Harold Holst, Commanding Officer of the Norwegian
          motorship VIGRID, early July 1941, off the coast of
          Iceland.  His ship was carrying ten women to England as
          part of the Harvard Unit of Red Cross Nurses.  The VIGRID
          was torpedoed by a U-Boat and they drifted in storm-
          tossed lifeboats since June 5th.  The frostbitten girls
          and crew were picked up by a destroyer group on July 5th
          and brought to Reykjavik by the destroyer USS CHARLES F.
          HUGHES. Quote and story in Commander Walter Karig, Battle
          Report:  The Atlantic War (New York: Rinehart and
          Company, 1946), pp. 53-4.

     "Unfortunately for the future success of 'Fido,' Admiral
Doenitz was on to him; and in a signal of 5 August 1943 warned his
submarine commanders of 'new, more dangerous bombs' that their
enemies were carrying. 'Do not report too much bad new,' he added,
'so as not to depress the other U-boats; every radio message does
the rounds of the crew in every boat.'"

          -- Morison, The Atlantic Battle Won (Vol. X), p. 119. 
          Courtesy the Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "Any destroyer that could steam, shoot, and drop depth charges
was worth its weight in gold in the heightening strain of the
Battle of the Atlantic in the autumn of 1940.  I can well recall
the anxiety with which . . . I awaited the coming into service of
the 50 American destroyers . . . Memory at once recalls all the
many teething troubles we experienced  . . . and the difficulties
with maintenance.  Inevitably one remembers the black sheep and
forgets the white ones.  Admittedly many of them were an appalling
headache to keep running.  But, taken by and large, they gave
invaluable service at a time of really desperate need."

          -- Admiral of the Fleet, George Creasy, Director of A\S
          Warfare, Admiralty, Royal Navy, in Philip Goodhard's
          book, Fifty Ships That Saved The World (New York:
          Doubleday, 1965), p. 237.  Courtesy Naval Historical
          Center, Washington, D.C.

     "Sighted sub, sank same."

          -- AMM1 Donald Francis Mason, USN, an enlisted pilot
          flying a Lockheed "Hudson" PBO-1 attached to VP-82,
          Eastern Sea Frontier, based at Argentia, Newfoundland on
          January 28, 1942.  The Eastern Sea Frontier Command was
          a conglomeration of old World War I 110-foot subchasers,
          World War I EAGLE boats, Coast Guard weather ships,
          commandeered civilian sea-going yachts, four blimps, and
          twenty Lockheed Hudsons diverted from the production line
          for the Royal Air Force to ESF for anti-submarine patrol
          duty.  Mason spotted a German submarine and dove to
          attack at low altitude.  He dropped two depth charges
          which straddled the periscope.  The conning tower
          surfaced, ran clear of the water for the short distance, 
          and then sank again.  Judging the attack to be
          successful, Mason sent his inspiring message.  The Navy
          Department promoted AMM 1/c Mason to Chief Aviation
          Machinist's Mate, and awarded him the Distinguished
          Flying Cross.  Unfortunately, the  submarine had not been
          destroyed.  


Evacuation of Dunkirk

     "The enemy attacked on all sides with great strength and
fierceness, and their main power, the power of their far more
numerous Air Force, was thrown into the battle ore else
concentrated upon Dunkirk and the beaches.  pressing in upon the
narrow exit, both from the east and from the west, the enemy began
to fire with cannon upon the beaches by which alone the shipping
could approach or depart.  They sowed magnetic mines in the
channels and seas; they sent repeated waves of hostile aircraft,
sometimes more than a hundred strong in one formation, to cast
their bombs upon the single pier that remained, and upon the sand
dunes upon which the troops had their eyes for shelter.  Their U-
boats, one of which was sunk, and their motor launches took their
toll of the bast traffic which now began.  For four or five days an
intense struggle reigned.  All of their armored divisions--or what
was left of them--together with great masses of infantry and
artillery, hurled themselves in vain upon eh ever-narrowing, ever-
contracting appendix within which the British and French Armies
fought."

     ". . . the Royal Navy, with the willing help of countless
merchant seamen, strained every nerve to embark the British and
Allied troops; 200 light warships and 650 other vessels were
engaged.  They had to operate upon the difficult coast, often in
adverse weather, under an almost ceaseless hail of bombs and an
increasing concentration of artillery fire. . . It was in
conditions such as these that our men carried on, with little or no
rest, for days and nights on end, making trip after trip across the
dangerous waters, bringing with them always men whom they had
rescued."

          -- Speech in the House of Commons by Sir Winston
          Churchill, June 4, 1940, in Churchill Speaks:  Collected
          Speeches in Peace and War, ed. Robert Rhodes James, M.P.,
          New York:  Chelsea House, 1980, p. 710.

 
Pearl Harbor

     "Before we're through with 'em, the Japanese language will be
spoken only in hell."

          -- Rear Admiral William F. Halsey, from the bridge of the
          aircraft carrier USS ENTERPRISE (CV-6) as he returned to
          Pearl Harbor and saw the destruction of the U.S. fleet. 
          Timothy B. Benford, The World War II Quiz and Fact Book
          (New York:  Harper and Row, 1982), Vol. 2, p. 180.

     "If there were ever men and a fleet ready for any emergency
it's Uncle Sam's fighting ships."

          -- HONOLULU ADVERTISER, February 1, 1941, less than a
          month after Japanese Admiral Yamamoto first discussed the
          idea of attacking the U.S. fleet at Pearl Harbor.  In
          Timothy Benford above, p. 181.

     "Praise the Lord and pass the ammunition."

          LT (Chaplain) Forgy during Pearl Harbor attack, December
          7, 1941.  See Walter Lord's Incredible Victory, p. 200. 
          This famous saying became a popular war song in 1942. 
          Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.


     "America is on the march.  Tyranny will soon be on the
defensive and on the run.  By the breath of a new spirit the
patriotism of this Nation became unified overnight.  The unprovoked
and dastardly assault at Pearl Harbor on December 7 lighted the
spark which fused America into a people with a common purpose in a
common danger.  Unity, so essential for victory, exists."

"'Remember Pearl Harbor' is more than a slogan.  It is a constant
reminder of Japanese treachery--a stimulant to courage for our
armed forces.  There will be no twilight for democracy.  Future
generations will revere the heroism of Capt. Colin Purdie Kelly,
who sank the enemy battleship Haruna and sacrificed his life for
America's cause.  Already his comrades, in America's remote
frontiers have accepted as their fighting watchword, 'Let's give
'em hell, like Kelly did.'"

          -- Speech by John W. McCormack, of Massachusetts,
          Majority Leader of the U.S. House of Representatives,
          delivered before the Boston Chamber of Commerce, Retail
          Trade Board, Maritime Association, and Advertising Club
          of Boston, December 31, 1941 (Vital Speeches, Vol. VIII,
          No. 8, February 1, 1942, p. 244).

     "When the Japanese, in the very moment they were professing
peace, so treacherously and savagely struck at Pearl Harbor, and
the Philippines, Midway, Wake and Guam, the did something else. 
They struck the spark which lighted the temper of America.  They
delivered the blows which swept all indecision from our plans.  The
white heat of righteous anger generated by those treacherous
assaults perpetrated under the cover of peaceful negotiations, has
welded the hearts and minds of all Americans into one overpowering
purpose to stamp out completely, and for all time, brute force as
a domineering, aggressive power, and to restore right as the ruling
force of this world."

     "The integrity and the safety of America are now at issue."

     "The honor, the liberty, the ideals which make life in America
beautiful and worthwhile are under assault in this our."

          -- Radio Speech of Joseph W. Martin, Jr., of
          Massachusetts, Republican Leader of the House of
          Representatives and Chairman of the Republican National
          Committee over the National Radio Forum, National
          Broadcasting Company, January 12, 1942 (Vital Speeches,
          Vol. VIII, No. 8, February 1, 1942, p. 247).

     "But it [Pearl Harbor], and the subsequent lessons we have
learned, day by day, until September 1945, should have taught all
military men that our military forces are one team -- in the game
to win regardless who carries the ball."

          -- General Omar Bradley, United States Army, undated
          quote, courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "Pearl Harbor punctured the glittering bubble of our splendid
isolation and forced us to replace our long cherished neutrality by
Christian conceptions of our fundamental social relations and our
international responsibilities.  The tragic events of current world
history finally compelled us, in spite of our Federal neutrality
and traditions of isolation and national self-sufficiency, to face
the world crisis as our own problem and to gird ourselves for
military action everywhere and anywhere in the world." 

           -- Speech "The Americas in the World Crisis: Basic Human
          Rights," by Rt. Rev. Mgr. Donald A. MacLean, Associate
          Professor of Social and International Ethics, Catholic
          University, Washington, D.C.  Delivered at the National
          Conference of the Catholic Association for International
          Peace, April 6, 1942. (Vital Speeches, Vol. VIII, No. 14,
          pp. 429-30).

     "We have two ideas as a people, as regards that report
[Roberts report on Pearl Harbor]..  We may accept it in a common
spirit; we may make two scapegoats in the matter of [Admiral]
Kimmel and [General] Short, and say 'We have found the villains in
the plot'--and go about our business, and meanwhile building up
ourselves a hero on the other side so that we may sleep peacefully
at night and not see Japs crawling under the bed."

     "And in another sense, it [the Roberts Report] is a picture of
the whole country--130,000,000 people--many saw the danger but no
one acted on it to the limit, and no one to an adequate degree.  No
one of us can claim exemption from that . . ."

     ". . . it is a picture of Washington [D.C.] living on reports,
which is doing a routine and unimaginative routine, while we are
opposed to the most imaginative creators of war machines the world
has ever seen."

          -- Speech "We All Have Our Own Private Pearl Harbor," by
          Thomas E. Dewey, Ex-District Attorney of New York County,
          at the 139th dinner of the Economic Club of New York, at
          the Hotel Astor, New York, January 27, 1942 (Vital
          Speeches, Vol. VIII, No. 9, February 15, 1942, p. 268)

Pearl Harbor Vengeance Pledge

     "The swearing in of thousands of 'Pearl Harbor Avengers' by
the United States Navy on Sunday, June 7th, will serve as a living
symbol of this nation's grim determination to restore peace to the
world by administering just punishment to those who have brutally
and willfully transgressed all the laws of humanity."

     ". . . these avengers of Pearl Harbor are doing far more for
us than merely offering their services in the battle for their
country's cause.  Their bright spirit will shine as an inspiration
for us all to give our own best efforts to attain the common goal
of victory."

          -- Frank Knox, Secretary of the Navy, press release,
          "Thousands To Pledge Vengeance For Pearl Harbor Raid In
          Mass Ceremony Tomorrow," June 6, 1942.  "Pearl Harbor
          Avengers" were sworn in more than 500 recruiting stations
          across the nation at the exact minute the Japanese
          attacked at Pearl Harbor six months before.  The nation-
          wide ceremony was broadcast over a coast-to-coast network
          of the Columbia Broadcasting System.  This was the first
          time a mass induction ceremony was broadcast.  The Focal
          point of the dramatic ceremony was Lautze Park in the
          Washington Navy Yard.  World War II Command File, SECNAV
          Press Releases, Box 47, Operational Archives, Naval
          Historical Center.

Wake Island

     "Send us more Japs."

          -- While Wake Island was under a fierce attack by the
          Japanese in December 1941, the U.S. Navy began assembling
          a relief expedition from Pearl Harbor, but the plan was
          abandoned because of the weakened condition of U.S.
          forces at Pearl.  As a result, Pearl Harbor sent a radio
          message to the U.S. Marines on Wake:  "Is there anything
          we can provide?"s  The leathernecks' reply was "Send us
          more Japs."  Timothy B. Benford, The World War II Quiz
          and Fact Book (New York: Harper and Row, 1982), Vol. 2,
          p. 181. 

Battle of Coral Sea

     "Our scouting squadron took off from the LEXINGTON on May 7 on
what I thought at the time was a routine patrol flight.  Not long
after leaving the ship I received contact reports on the radio and
then we sighted the Japanese fleet and a Jap carrier a few miles
behind the fleet."

     "Our planes started 'peeling off' for the attack, and the Jap
ships scattered.  The carrier was the main target, and I could see
several near misses splash in the water close to her.  As
Lieutenant Leppla pulled out of his dive I looked back and saw that
our bomb had landed close off the carrier's port quarter."

     "All the while the Jap ships were sending up a terrific amount
of anti-aircraft fire, and there was a squadron of Jap 'Zero'
fighters on our tail.  They followed us all the way down in the
dive.  We leveled off and turned loose a large bomb at a cruiser,
but by that time the 'Zeroes' were on us and I was a little too
busy to see whether we hit it."

     "On the way to the carrier I spotted a Jap biplane fighter in
the clouds above us and pointed him out to Lieutenant Leppla.  We
went after him, lost him in the clouds for a moment, found him and
gave him a burst.  The Jap plane was then lost again.  Shortly
after that the carrier contacted us, and I remember feeling very
much relieved to find out that she was O.K."

     "The next day Lieutenant Leppla and I were out on a single
plane patrol, but didn't run into anything.  On the way back to the
ship contact reports on Jap planes kept coming over the radio. 
They were heading for the LEXINGTON.  We came back in to find the
other planes had gone out after the Japs.  We gassed our plane,
obtained a sandwich, and left for more patrol."

     "Soon we sighted our planes and right after joining them we
hit the Japs.  From then on things were happening too fast for me
to remember just what occurred.  It was the biggest melee I've ever
seen with planes all over the sky.  I have mental pictures of
several Jap planes crashing into the sea, and one of our planes
crashing.  In between bursts from my gun I heard Lieutenant
Leppla's guns spitting."

". . . we're all anxious to get out and have another crack at the
Japs."

          -- John Liska, Aviation Radioman 3rd Class, in Navy
          Department Press Release, "Gunner Of Dive Bomber Tells
          How He And Pilot Shot Down Seven Jap 'Zero' Fighters,"
          July 21, 1942.  Liska was the gunner for a LEXINGTON
          Douglas "Dauntless" dive bomber piloted by Lieutenant
          (j.g.) John A. Leppla during the Battle of Coral Sea. 
          The two were credited with destroying seven Japanese
          aircraft during the battle.

     "The folks back home are counting on us.  I am going to get a
hit if I have to lay it on their flight deck."

          -- LT John James Powers, USN, before his dive-bombing
          attack in Battle of Coral Sea (NEWSWEEK, May 3, 1943). 
          Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "We've got the torpedo damage temporarily shored up, the fires
out and soon will have the ship back on an even keel.  But I would
suggest, sir, that if you have to take any more torpedoes, you take
'em on the starboard side."

          -- Commander H. R. ("Pop") Healy, LEXINGTON Damage
          Control Officer, in a telephone report to CAPT F.C.
          Sherman, Commanding Officer.  Shortly after this message,
          the ship suffered devastating explosions and had to be
          abandoned and sunk by torpedoes of DD PHELPS, Coral Sea,
          May 8, 1942.  CDR Healy was hurt by the internal
          explosions.  (See Morison, Vol. IV, p. 57-60).  Courtesy
          Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "After the Coral Sea action, which was another decisive set-
back to the Japanese, was an additional reason to be on guard.  .
. . After the Coral Sea action, we lost touch with the heavy
Japanese forces engaged.  They disappeared beyond the radius of our
immediate means of reconnaissance.  But as you know and as the
Japanese know, we have considerable numbers of submarines sprinkled
about the Western Pacific, and they were able to give us a good
deal of at least negative information."

     "It was apparent shortly after the Coral Sea action that the
Japs would have to go somewhere and do something.  Looking at the
map, almost anybody could see that among our various important
outposts, Dutch Harbor and Midway offered them the best chance of
an action either in the nature of a raid or an invasion with some
hope of success, or of a nature that in case of a reverse would
allow them to retire without too great loss or complete
annihilation.  At the same time, we were fully aware that they
might renew the actions in the Coral Sea -- even though they had
recently been 'stung' there."

     "So to this extent we were prepared for the assault upon
Midway, and recognized that Alaska might also be attacked."

          -- Admiral E. J. King, statement at press conference,
          June 7, 1942, in Navy Department Press Release. 
          Operational Archives Branch, Naval Historical Center.



Battle of Midway

     "I feel we are all ready . . . . I actually believe that under
these conditions we are the best in the world.  My greatest hope is
that we encounter a favorable tactical situation, but if we don't
and the worst comes to the worst, I want each of us to do his
utmost to destroy our enemies.  If there is only one plane left to
make a final run-in, I want that man to go in and get a hit.  May
God be with us all."

          -- LCDR John C. Waldron, USN, Commanding Officer of USS
          HORNET's Torpedo Squadron 8, killed during Battle of
          Midway.  Waldron's attack plan before the Battle of
          Midway, June 4, 1942.  Morison, Vol. IV, p. 117. 
          Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "It has been a pleasure to have such a well trained fighting
force to throw against the enemy."

          -- Spruance letter to Adm. Nimitz of June 8, 1942, giving
          an informal report on Battle of Midway.

     "Vigilance on the part of a the Marine garrison at Midway
Island paid invaluable dividends in the period between the time of
the sneak attack on Pear harbor and the engagement between the
United States off the Pacific isle a few days ago."

     "Four times Jap attacking unites -- submarines, cruisers and
airplanes -- poured their murderous fire on the garrison defending
the isle and each time were beaten off by defenders anxious and
waiting for a smash at the attackers.  A fifth attempt to attack
the island, from the air, was broken up before the enemy planes
could reach their objective."

     "The stirring defense of the farthest west Marine outpost in
the Pacific was revealed in a December to May diary kept by Colonel
Harold D. Shannon, commanding officer of the Marine Garrison at
Midway.  Excerpts from the diary, made public by Marine Corps
headquarters . . . show the instant response by Marine defenders to
the attacks of Jap raiders."

          'They were always prepared when the enemy threatened.'

          'When the alert was flashed from Pearl Harbor December 7,
     the defenders of Midway were swiftly mobilized.  No attack
     came until nightfall.  But when the first Japanese shells
     began to fall, the enemy ships had been located.  A single
     Marine searchlight was snapped on and an enemy destroyer and
     a cruiser were severely damaged by the shore batteries within
     three minutes.  Then the search light was hit by a Japanese
     shell fragment.  The attacking forces were so crippled that
     they fled into the night, abandoning their invasion attempt.'

          'From December 7 to the present, a state of alert has
     been maintained.  Moreover, the degree of alert has been
     changed many times daily, always demanding instant action from
     the Marines.  Aircraft patrol has been maintained continually. 
     Many drills in getting off the ground in a hurry have been
     held.  For example, on December 29, more than 20 planes took
     off from Midway in the space of six minutes from the first
     test warning.'

          'At 5:48 p.m. January 25, a submarine rose from the
     endless waters around Midway and shelled the island.  In less
     than a minute, the defending batteries were blasting away in
     return.  The submarine was able to fire only 12 to 14 rounds. 
     The defenders shot back 25.  The enemy submarine submerged
     after three minutes on the surface, having inflicted
     negligible damage.'

          'Again, at 6:05 p.m. February 8, a second enemy submarine
     opened fire on the island.  Immediate retaliation from a
     single Marine battery forced the submarine to submerge after
     firing three rounds.  No damage was suffered and there were no
     casualties.'

          'On March 10 more than 20 Marine planes cleared the
     Midway field in approximately six minutes in response to an
     air raid warning.  One unit of this force intercepted a Jap
     air attack, shooting down a four-engined Japanese plane.  No
     enemy aircraft reached Midway.  This incident . . . won the
     Navy Cross for Captain J. L. Neefus, and the Distinguished
     Flying Cross for Marine Gunner Robert L. Dickey, First
     Lieutenant C. W. Somers, Jr., and Second Lieutenant F. P.
     McCarthy.'"

          -- Excerpts from Navy Department Press Release, "Marine
          Commanding Officer's Report of Midway Defense," June 11,
          1942.  Operational Archives Branch, Naval Historical
          Center.

     "Great value to our country will come from the successful
conclusion of the operations now commencing."

          -- Report on the Battle of Midway.  Courtesy Naval
          Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "Please accept my sympathy for the losses sustained by your
gallant aviation personnel based at Midway.  Their sacrifice was
not in vain.  When the great emergency came, they were ready.  They
met unflinchingly the attack of vastly superior numbers and made
the attack ineffective.  They struck the first blow at the enemy
carriers. They were the spearhead of our great victory.  They have
written a new and shining page in the annals of the Marine Corps."

          -- Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, paraphrased dispatch
          to all Marines after the Battle of Midway, June 1942. 
          Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "The Navy, Marine Corps and Cost Guard join in admiration for
the American naval, Marine and Army forces, who have so gallantly
and effectively repelled the enemy advance on Midway, and are
confident that their comrades in arms will continue to make the
enemy realize that war is hell."

          -- Admiral Ernest J. King, Commander in Chief, U.S.
          Fleet, message to Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, Commander in
          Chief of the Pacific Fleet, June 6, 1942.  Operational
          Archives Branch, Naval Historical Center.

     "The tyrannies of history centered on land masses, the leaders
of freedom on the sea -- Athens, Britain, the United States."

     "In this life man can seldom see beyond the horizon of today. 
Like a sailor at sea he moves circumscribed by what his eyes look
on.  Incidents of greatest importance may seem but part of routine
events.  Routine may seem of greatest importance.

     "Yet occasionally an event has such staggering impact that it
penetrates the veil of the future and makes clear to men that a
crossroad of history has been reached.  Such was the awesome
aircraft carrier duel of Midway, the battle that more than any
other affected the outcome of the Pacific war and the generations
yet to come in America and Asia."

          -- RADM E. M. Eller, "The Battle of Midway," in ORDNANCE,
          Sept-Oct, 1955, p. 1.  Courtesy Naval Historical Center,
          Washington, D.C.

                               ***

     "A SARATOGA served with Perry at the opening of Japan a
century ago.  A SARATOGA renamed fought well at Santiago.  With
other might aircraft carriers SARATOGA and ENTERPRISE spearheaded
the incredible sweep of American power across the Pacific in World
War II.  Often wounded in battle, these paladins wrought thousand-
fold return on the enemy.  And today the eighth ENTERPRISE, atomic
wonder, is perhaps the most remarkable, the most responsive, the
most powerful champion that has ever kept the seas . . . .

     ". . . The size of events, in numbers and material powers
involved, does not necessarily measure their significance.  The
battle of Midway was a turning point in World War II and one of the
decisive victories for freedom of all history.  Yet of the millions
under arms not even a score of thousands fought in the ships at
Midway -- and of these the cutting edge at the furious crisis of
the battle was two squadrons of dive bombers from USS ENTERPRISE
and USS YORKTOWN, less than 100 men . . . .

     ". . . The free world depends on the sea for the salvation of
unity, for vital imports, and for untroubled operating areas from
which to reach out into space.  There await new oceans which we
must sail and there, . . . the future will be decided."

          -- RADM Eller on book, Navies in the Mountains, reviewed
          in VERMONT HISTORY, July 1962, pp. 241-45.  Courtesy
          Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.


     "The Battle of Midway was the turning point of the war, for up
to that time Japan had been on the offensive.  Bat after the Battle
of Midway the Japanese were forced to adopt defensive strategy.  It
was carrier-based bombers that turned back our fleet there.  We
lost four carriers to this type of attack."

          -- Capt. Aoki, IJN, Commanding Officer of carrier Akagi
          (sunk in Battle of Midway), Naval Historical Center,
          Washington, D.C.



Battle for Savo Island

     "Pick out the biggest and commence firing!"

          -- CAPT Moran, USS BOISE, August 1942.  Courtesy Naval
          Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

Doolittle Raid

     "When General Doolittle and his men went to bomb Tokyo, on
their return some of your boys had to bail out in the interior of
China.  One of them later told me that he had to bail out of his
ship, and that when he landed on Chinese soil and saw the populace
running toward him, he just waved his arm and shouted the only
Chinese word he knew, "Mei-kuo, mei-kuo," which means "America." 
Literally translated from the Chinese it means "beautiful country." 
This boy said that our people laughed and almost hugged him, and
greeted him like a long lost brother.  He further told me that he
thought that he had come home when he saw our people; and that was
the first time he had ever been to China."

          -- Madame Chiang Kai-shek, speech delivered in the United
          States Senate on February 18, 1943 in Representative
          America Speeches: 1942-1943, compiled by A. Craig Baird,
          New York: H.W. Wilson, 1943, p. 82.

Guadalcanal

     "PUBLISH TO ALL HANDS X ON AUGUST SEVENTH THIS FORCE WILL
RECAPTURE TULAGI AND GUADALCANAL ISLANDS WHICH ARE NOW IN THE HANDS
OF THE ENEMY X IN THIS FIRST FORWARD STEP TOWARD CLEARING THE
JAPANESE OUT OF CONQUERED TERRITORY WE HAVE STRONG SUPPORT FROM THE
PACIFIC FLEET AND FROM THE AIR SURFACE AND SUBMARINE FORCES IN THE
SOUTH PACIFIC AND AUSTRALIA X IT IS SIGNIFICANT OF VICTORY THAT WE
SEE HERE SHOULDER TO SHOULDER THE US NAVY MARINE AND ARMY AND THE
AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND AIR NAVAL AND ARMY SERVICES X I HAVE
CONFIDENCE THAT ALL ELEMENTS OF THIS ARMADA WILL IN SKILL AND
COURAGE SHOW THEMSELVES FIT COMRADES OF THOSE BRAVE MEN WHO ALREADY
HAVE DEALT THE ENEMY MIGHTY BLOWS FOR OUR GREAT CAUSE X GOD BLESS
YOU ALL X R K. TURNER REAR ADMIRAL U S NAVY COMMANDING"

          -- RADM R. K. Turner, Message from Turner, Commander Task
          Force Sixty Two aboard the USS MCCAWLEY to Task Force
          Sixty Two, August 4, 1942.  Courtesy Naval Historical
          Center, Washington, D.C.

     "We struck at Guadalcanal to halt the advance of the Japanese. 
We did not know how strong he was, nor did we know his plans.  We
knew only that he was moving down the island chain and that he had
to be stopped. . . . We needed combat to tell us how effective our
training, our doctrines, and our weapons had been.

     "We tested them against the enemy, and we found that they
worked.  From that moment in 1942, the tide turned, and the
Japanese never again advanced."

          -- General A. A. Vandegrift in Major John L. Zimmerman,
          USMCR, The Guadalcanal Campaign (Washington, D.C.:
          Historical Division, Headquarters, USMC, 1949, p. V). 
          Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "We lift our battered helmets in admiration for those who
fought magnificently against overwhelming odds and drove the enemy
back to crushing defeat."

          -- Major General A. A. Vandegrift to Adm. William F.
          Halsey one day after the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal,
          November 12-13, 1942.  This quote is part of the
          inscription on the Memorial to the cruiser USS SAN
          FRANCISCO, signed by San Francisco Mayor Elmer E.
          Robinson, 1969.

     "It must be said that the success or failure in recapturing
Guadalcanal Island, and the vital naval battle related to it, is
the fork in the road which leads to victory for them or us."

          -- Captured Japanese document from CINCPAC Action Report
          on the Solomons (S.E. Morison, Vol. V, The Struggle for
          Guadalcanal, p. 237).  Courtesy Naval Historical Center,
          Washington, D.C.

     "Having sent General Patch to do a tailoring job on
Guadalcanal, I am surprised and pleased at the speed with which he
removed the enemy's pants to accomplish it."

          --Admiral William F. Halsey, Jr., USN, message to General
          Patch on his victory at Guadalcanal, 1943.  Courtesy
          Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "Ask the men if they are ready."

          -- CAPT Thomas L. Gatch, USN, Commanding Officer, USS
          SOUTH DAKOTA, just before the Battle of Santa Cruz,
          Guadalcanal, October 26, 1942, when this ship shot down
          32 Japanese planes.  Courtesy Naval Historical Center,
          Washington, D.C.

     "Not one of the ship's company flinched from his post or
showed the least disaffection."

          -- Last paragraph of CAPT Gatch's Action Report after the
          Battle of Santa Cruz.  Courtesy Naval Historical Center,
          Washington, D.C.

Mediterranean

     "The severed life line of the Empire was spliced."

          -- VADM H. K. Hewitt, United States Navy, after the fall
          of Tunisia, May 1943, when Allied air and sea power were
          supreme throughout the southern Mediterranean and a
          convoy route was opened right through to the Suez Canal. 
          (Morison, Vol. II, p. 260).  Courtesy Naval Historical
          Center, Washington, D.C.


Sicilian Campaign

     "So devastating in its effectiveness as to dispose finally of
any doubts that naval guns are suitable for shore bombardment. 
Modern guns in cruisers and destroyers are of high angle, capable
of ranging on reverse slopes and on targets inland.  The fire power
of vessels . . . exceeded that of the artillery landed in the
assaults, and the mobility of the ships permitted a greater
concentration of fire than artillery could have achieved . . . ."

          -- Gen. Eisenhower, as Supreme Commander in his C-in-C
          Dispatch to the C.C.S., after the Sicilian Campaign,
          1943.

Battle for the Solomon Islands

     "The losses suffered in the Solomons weakened all subsequent
Japanese defensive efforts and reduced Japanese naval air strength
to a point from which it was never able to recover."

          -- Conclusive statement of the U.S. Strategic Bombing
          Survey after post-war interviews with Japanese Officers. 
          Soloman islands bombing and troop landings by U.S. Forces
          occurred in October 1943.

     "At long last, hydrant sprinkles dog!"

          -- Rear Admiral T. S. Wilkinson, USN, COMSOPACAMPHIBFOR,
          upon learning that one of our PT boats shot down a
          Japanese fighter plane, October 1943, off Solomon
          Islands.

     "One of the most determined and effective patrol actions yet
attempted against the Japanese forces on Guadalcanal . . . ."

     "Colonel Whaling [in a lead boat from Company "Y"] . . . saw
a Japan run down the shore in front of the enemy camp, wildly
waving a Rising Sun flag.  Colonel Whaling, no mean rifle shot,
picked up his sniping piece, peered down the sights and pulled the
trigger.  The Rising Sun went down for the count and so did the
flag waver."

          -- Sergeant James W. Hurlbut, Marine Corps combat
          correspondent at the scene of battle, press release,
          "Marine Patrol In Solomons Inflicts Heavy Losses On
          Japanese," September 14, 1942.  World War II Command
          File, SECNAV Press Releases, Box 47, Operational
          Archives, Naval Historical Center.

***

     "August 7, 1942, the largest force of Marines ever to engage
in landing operations assaulted Guadalcanal, Tulagi and Gavutu,
important Japanese bases in the Solomon Islands.  The attack marked
the first time in this war that American land forces have taken the
offensive against the enemy.  Marines avenged their comrades on
Wake Island by destroying Jap garrisons on Tulagi and Gavutu and
driving shattered Jap forces on Guadalcanal into the hills."

     "These islands, with their inlets that once sheltered Jap
seaplanes and a big airdrome that the Japs had hastily built as a
base for further adventures in the Pacific, now will serve as bases
for United Nations air, sea and land power.  The process of rolling
back the Japs has begun in earnest."

     "The honor of being the first to land in America's Pacific
offensive fell to a company under the command of Captain E. J.
Crane.  They landed on the west side of a Florida Island promontory
which overlooks the island fortress of Tulagi which the Raid
Battalion was to assault half an hour later."

     "Not one of the hundreds of Japanese on the island [Florida]
surrendered.  They had to be blasted out of each position.  Their
defense was built around small groups in dugouts and caves,
communicating with each other by radio.  In one case, on the third
day, a Jap was still firing from his deep cavern after all his
comrades had been shot.  For two days he had lived with corpses,
without food or water.  Three Japs cornered fired until they had
only three rounds for one pistol.  The one of them killed his two
companions and turned the gun on himself.  Some caves were manned
by thirty or forty Japs.  When the one manning the machine gun was
picked off, another would take his place, so on till the last man
was dead."

     "On Gavutu is a high 148 feet high which the Japanese had
converted into a honeycomb of cavern emplacements.  Tunnels
connected many and some rock-hewn chambers were 20' by 20'.  The
hill rises steeply from the flat strip near the beach and from the
mouths of scores of caves the Japs poured down a withering fire. 
Many Marines showed great courage that day in assaulting the
formidable stronghold.  Captain Harry L. Torgerson, for example,
covered only by the first of four of his men, rushed from cave to
cave, hurling into them charges of TNT tied to boards with short
fuses.  By himself he closed up more than fifty of the pest holes
and come out of his daring day's work with only a wrist watch
broken and his pants blasted off."

     ". . . it is wrong to mention heroes by name, for not all
heroes can be named and to omit them seems to derogate from their
courage and brave deeds.  There were so many heroes in the assaults
on Tulagi, Gavutu, Tanambogo and Guadalcanal that not all can be
named, and not all will ever be known."

          -- Second Lieutenant H. L. Merillat, U.S. Marine Corps
          Public Relations Officer at the battle scene, Navy
          Department Press Release, "Marine Landings In The
          Solomons," August 29, 1942.  World War II Command File,
          SECNAV Press Releases, Box 47, Operational Archive
          Branch, Naval Historical Center.


***

     "News gathering hereabouts is not city hall beat.  The success
of the Navy-Marine Corps operations has given us six islands to
cover.  That means open water and small boats, which in this area
add up to a game of hide and seek with Jap subs."

     "Tulagi, where the fighting was particularly heavy, is 20
miles away across open water.  News from there was scarce until
three days ago, when three boats made the crossing.  We got up at
dawn to go along."

     "We shoved off at 0855, on a calm sea with bright skies, ideal
visibility for aircraft and subs . . . About 1100 we sighted
something in the water almost dead ahead . . . about 5,000 yards
off.  Our three boats did a sharp turn to starboard, running
parallel to Florida (Solomons).  By this time I could make out a
sub all too plainly and she was overtaking us fast.  Two shells
burst a few hundred yards from us."

     "The, of all times, our engine started to burn out.  Clouds of
steam poured from the engine housing.  She clanked and groaned and
hissed as if she would explode any moment, and the sub was racing
toward us, trying to head us off."

     "Batteries from Tulagi were firing on the sub by this time. 
I thought I saw two hits on her, but she kept on coming."

     "We decided to abandon our tub and frantically signalled the
landing boat to pull alongside . . . We felt better for some
foolish reason -- perhaps because we were all together and in a
sound boat.  We raced eastward, watching the exchange between the
sub and shore battery.  Finally the sub disappeared.  We shouted
with relief, joked and laughed on the let-up of tension.  At noon
we arrived at Tulagi, feeling very lucky . . . we did manage to get
to Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo, and hear their stories over
there."

     "They had a brave story to tell; the fighting was bitter in
that area and the Marines there are now veterans and heroes."

          -- Second Lieutenant H. L. Merillat, Marine Corps Public
          Relations Officer with U.S. forces in the Solomons,
          excerpts from press release, "Racing A Jap Sub In The
          Solomons," September 1, 1942.  World War II Command File,
          SECNAV Press Releases, Box 48, Operational Archives
          Branch, Naval Historical Center.


Battle of Marshall Islands

     "From the American Admiral in charge of the striking force, to
the Japanese Admiral on the Marshall Islands:  'It is a pleasure to
thank you for having your patrol planes not sight my force.'"

          --Admiral William F. Halsey, Jr., message to Japanese
          when one of their planes flew over Halsey's force without
          reporting his whereabouts the afternoon before his hit-
          and-run raid on the Marshalls.  Courtesy Naval Historical
          Center, Washington, D.C.

     "The Marshalls really cracked the Japanese shell.  It broke
the crust of their defenses on a scale that could be exploited at
once.  It gave them no time adequately to fortify their inner
defensive line that ran through the Marianas."

          -- ADM Richard L. Conolly in letter to RADM S.E. Morison
          about 1951 (Morison, Vol. VII, p. 332).  Courtesy Naval
          Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

Guam Campaign

     ". . . The enemy was never able to rally from the initial
bombardment and the continual gunfire support kept him in a state
of confusion to the end of the campaign.  Naval gunfire contributed
largely in keeping losses of the Landing Forces to a minimum and in
bringing the Guam campaign to an early and successful close.  It is
believed that this campaign has set a new mark for the employment
of the fire power of our ships . . ."

          --Major General Roy S. Geiger, USMC, Commander, Third
          Amphibious Corps, message to ComTaskForce 53 for the
          period July-August 1944 regarding naval gunfire support
          at Guam.

Luzon Campaign

     "I am so proud of you that no words can express my feelings. 
This has been a hard operation (Luzon campaign).  At times you have
been driven almost beyond endurance but only because the stakes
were high, the enemy was as weary as you were, and the lives of
many Americans could be spared in later offensives if we did our
work well now.  We have driven the enemy off the sea and back to
his inner defenses.  Superlatively well done!

          -- Halsey's parting message to his Third Fleet (Morison,
          XIII, p. 183).  Courtesy Naval Historical Center,
          Washington, D.C.


Leyte Campaign

     "We are now retiring toward the enemy following the salvage of
all the Third Fleet ships recently reported sunk by Radio Tokyo."

          -- Admiral William P. Halsey, Jr., October 19, 1944,
          message to Admiral Nimitz (CINCPAC).  See Morison, Leyte,
          Vol. XII, p. 109.  Courtesy Naval Historical Center.

     "I send my deepest thanks and appreciation to your magnificent
forces on the splendid support and assistance you and they have 
rendered in the Leyte operation.  We have cooperated with you so
long that we are accustomed and expect your brilliant successes and
you have more than sustained our fullest anticipation.  Everyone
here has a feeling of complete confidence and inspiration when you
go into action in our support."

          -- MacArthur message  to Admiral Halsey after the Leyte
          landings, Morison, Leyte, Vol. XII, p. 343.

     "The country has followed with pride the magnificent sweep of
your fleet into enemy waters.  In addition to the gallant fighting
of your fliers, we appreciate the endurance and super seamanship of
your forces.  Your fine cooperation with General MacArthur
furnishes another example of teamwork and effective and intelligent
use of all weapons."

          -- President Franklin D. Roosevelt, remembering the
          fighting Navy that was responsible for bringing General
          MacArthur to a position from which he could wade ashore
          at Leyte in the Philippines, sent this message to
          Admirals Nimitz and Halsey.  Morison, Leyte, Vol. XII,
          pp. 137-8.  Courtesy  Naval Historical Center,
          Washington, D.C.


South Pacific 

     "Regarding the U.S. destroyer raids in the Pacific, Admiral
Nimitz expressed his admiration for the 'bold, skillful and
effective manner' in which the South Pacific Force carried out one
operation after another, the latest being their sweeps around the
Bismarcks; and General MacArthur, describing the raids as 'daring
and successful,' declared that they were ' conceived and
accomplished in the best Farragut manner.'"

          Morison, Breaking the Bismarcks Barrier, Vol. VI, p. 422. 
          Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "From the enemy point of view (as reported by prisoners) naval
gunfire, especially the white phosphorous bursts over troops in the
open, was more feared than field artillery or air bombing.  Major
Yoshida said "that the most feared of our weapons was the naval
shelling which managed to reach the obscure mountain caves (on
Saipan) where our command posts were located.  Second in
effectiveness was the aerial bombing and lastly artillery."  Said
a captured lieutenant, "The greatest single factor in the American
success at Saipan was naval gunfire."  Asked how he differentiated
between naval gunfire and landbased artillery, he laughed and said
it was not difficult when one was on the receiving end.  He said
that everyone in the hills 'holed up' and waited when a man-of-war
started to fire.  The ships' being able to get at them from any
direction was another factor leading to the great respect for naval
gunfire.  General Saito himself wrote, "If there just were no naval
gunfire, we feel that we could fight it out with the enemy in a
decisive battle."

          -- Morison, New Guinea and the Marianas, Vol. VIII, pp.
          325-6.  Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington,
          D.C.

     ". . . The successes of the South Pacific Force were not the
achievements of separate services or individuals but the result of
whole-hearted subordination of self-interest by all, in order that
one successful 'fighting team; could be created."

          -- Fleet Admiral William F. Halsey, undated quote. 
          Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

Normandy

     "The destinies of two great empires . . . seem to be tied up
in some God d-----d things called LSTs."

          -- Sir Winston Churchill quoted in Gordon A. Harrison's
          Cross-Channel Attack (1951), p. 64; also in S. E.
          Morison's Vol. XI, Invasion of France and Germany, p. 28.

     "The fate of the world is in your hands."

          -- Churchill to General Dwight D. Eisenhower just before
          Normany's D-Day, 6 June 1944.  National Geographic
          Society article, July 1969, p. 21, courtesy of the Naval
          Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "Thank God for the United States Navy!"

          -- Major General L. T. Gerow, United States Army, from
          his V Corps HQ at Omaha Beach to Gen. Omar Bradley on
          board USS AUGUSTA, after Gerow and his staff left USS
          ANCON for the beach, evening message, June 6, 1944. 
          Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     ". . . That great operation . . . was one of the most
successful and well-executed amphibious operations in World War II
. . . ."

          -- President Eisenhower's tribute to Admiral H. K.
          Hewitt, on 13th anniversary of his commanding the
          Southern France Landings; letter dated 16 August 1957. 
          Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

                               ***

     Regarding the naval bombardment of Normandy and other
strongpoints in France, a German military journal on 16 June 1944
yielded the following excerpts, a translation of which was promptly
relayed to the gunfire ships: --

     "The fire curtain provided by the guns of the U.S. Navy so far
     proved to be one of the best trump cards of the Anglo-United
     States invasion Armies.  It may be that the part played by the
     Fleet was more decisive than that of the air forces because
     its fire was better aimed and unlike the bomber formations it
     had not to confine itself to short bursts of fire . . . .

     "Fire power of warships must not be underestimated . . . .
     Battleships carrying 14- to 16-inch guns have a fire power
     which to achieve in land warfare is difficult, and only
     possible by an unusual concentration of very heavy batteries
     . . . .

     "Repeatedly, strong formations of warships and cruisers are
     used against single coastal batteries, thus bringing an extra-
     ordinarily superior fire power to bear on them.  Moreover,
     time and again they put an umbrella of fire over the defenders
     at the focal points of the fighting, compared with which
     incessant heavy air attacks have only a modest effect."

     Generalfeldmarschall von Rundstedt, commenting after the war
on the effect of Allied air bombing, stated:--"Besides the
interference of the Air Forces, the fire of your battleships was a
main factor in hampering our counterattacks.  This was a big
surprise, both in its range and effect."

     Hitler, in his directive of 29 June, "made it clear that he
regarded the destruction of the enemy's battleships as of
outstanding importance."

          -- Morison, The Invasion of France and Germany, Vol. XI,
          pp. 168-69.  Courtesy Naval Historical Center,
          Washington, D.C.
 
                               ***

Battle for Europe

     "The Navy, in its escorting, supporting, and maintenance
functions, performed miracles and always in exact coordination with
the needs and supports of the other arms."

          -- General Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe, p. 179. 
          Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "The capture of Cherbourg three weeks after the first landing
in Normandy represents the greatest Allied strategic triumph of the
war.

     "It may well be written by future historians as a decisive
victory, for Cherbourg's loss probably means the beginning of the
end for the Germans.  If anything can be forecast in war, it seems
to mean--unless the enemy has 'secret weapons' of undreamed-of
potentialities--that the Germans have lost their last chance for
victory or even for averting defeat.

     "This is not to say that the enemy has 'thrown in the sponge'
or that he is likely to do so soon.  In one sense the bitter, week-
long defense of Cherbourg by second-rate troops and the hard, slow
fighting in Normandy are disappointing.  Tactically we can expect
only more of the same; just as Cherbourg's capture took somewhat
longer than we had hoped and expected, so future battles in France
are likely to be protracted and difficult.

     "Nevertheless, June 27 [1944] must go down as a red-letter day
for the Allies for Cherboug's fall means the bankruptcy of German
strategy."

     ". . . I would not trade for a great deal the privilege and
experience of having seen what I did the afternoon of Sunday, June
25 [1944], when our ships and those of the British moved in from
sea to slam down their flaming power to make the soldiers' job
easier and its accomplishment faster."

          -- Hanson Baldwin, the New York Times military and naval
          expert summing up the fall of the French port in
          Commander Walter Karig, Battle Report: The Atlantic War
          (New York: Rinehart, 1946), p. 366.

     "The enemy shore batteries lost no time replying with heavy
fire.  As the Allied ships swept up and down in plain view of the
French coast, their guns blazing, enemy shells fell close among
them.  As the fire grew more intense, destroyers laid a smoke
screen, behind which the bombardment continued."

     "After ninety minutes of continuous shelling, the ships were
scheduled to withdraw but Rear Admiral Deyo extended the time limit
in order to remove further obstacles from the path of the Army's
advice into the vital port.  Brief billows of smoke and dust were
seen ashore.  For another two hours ships continued to pour shells
in the enemy target."

          -- Commander Harold B. Say, USNR, Navy representative
          ashore with the U.S. Army provided this eyewitness
          account of the bombardment in Commander Walter Karig,
          Battle Report:  The Atlantic War (New York:  Rinehart,
          1946), p. 366.

***

     Regarding the bombardment and capture of Cherbourg, Major
General J. L. Collins, U.S. Army, wrote to Admiral Deyo on 29 June
1944: "I witnessed your Naval bombardment of the coastal batteries
and the covering strongpoints around Cherbourg . . . .  The results
were excellent, and did much to engage the enemy's fire while our
troops stormed into Cherbourg from the rear."

     Commenting on the same operation, General Eisenhower wrote,
"The final assault was materially assisted by heavy and accurate
naval gunfire."

     General von Schlieben, reporting to Feldmarschall Rommel on
the morning of 26 June 1944, referred to the "heavy gunfire from
the sea" as one of the factors that made resistance useless."

     Admiral Krancke in his war diary, after the fight had ended,
referred to "naval bombardment of a hitherto unequalled fierceness"
as one of the contributing causes to the loss of Cherbourg.

          -- Morison, The Invasion of France and Germany, Vol. XI,
          pp. 210-11.  Courtesy Naval Historical Center,
          Washington, D.C.

                               ***

Battle of Suriago Strait

     "My theory was that of the old-time gambler:  'Never give a
sucker a chance.'  If my opponent if foolish enough to come at me
with an inferior force, I'm certainly not going to give him an even
break."

          -- Admiral J. B. Oldendorf, after the highly successful
          Battle of Suriago Strait (24-15 October 1944).  Courtesy
          Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

Battle for Iwo Jima

     "Stand fast!  We're staying here.  Marines don't retreat!

          -- Unknown lieutenant's command to a platoon of 21st
          Marines taking Airfield No. 2 on Iwo Jima (Marine Corps
          Gazette, November 1964, p. 25)  Courtesy Naval Historical
          Center, Washington, D.C.

     "The battle of Iwo Jima has been won.  Among the Americans who
served on Iwo, uncommon valor was a common virtue."

          -- Nimitz, CINCPAC Communique No. 300, March 17, 1945. 
          Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

Okinawa

     "No captain of a man of war had a crew who fought more
valiantly against such overwhelming odds.  Who can measure the
degree to courage of men who stand up to their guns in the face of
diving planes that destroy them?  Who can measure the loyalty of a
crew who risked death to save the ship from sinking when all seemed
lost?  I desire to record that the history of our Navy was enhanced
on 11 May 1945.  I am proud to record that I know of no record of
a destroyer's crew fighting for one hour and thirty-five minutes
against overwhelming aircraft attacks and destroying twenty-three
planes.  My crew accomplished their mission and displayed
outstanding fighting abilities . . . .  Destroyer men are good men
and my officers and crew were good destroyer men."

          -- Commander B. J. Mullaney, USN, of USS HUGH W. HADLEY
          during "May days at Okinawa," (S.E. Morison, Vol. XIV, p.
          258).  Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "Few missiles or weapons have ever spread such flaming terror,
such scorching burns, such searing death, as did the kamikaze in
his self-destroying onslaughts on the radar picket ships.  And
naval history has few parallels to the sustained courage,
resourcefulness and fighting spirit that the crews of these vessels
displayed day after day after day in the battle for Okinawa."

          -- Morison, Victory in the Pacific, Vol. XIV, p. 239. 
          Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "The performance of . . . screening and radar picket ships .
. . was superb throughout the Okinawa campaign.  Acts of heroism
and unselfishness, fighting spirit, coolness under fire, unswerving
determination, endurance, and qualities of leadership and loyalty
exceeded all previous conceptions . . . set for the United States
Navy . . . .  Never in the annals of our glorious naval history
have naval forces done so much with so little against such odds for
so long a period.  Radar picket duty in this operation might well
be a symbol of supreme achievement in our naval traditions."

          -- CAPT Frederick Moosbrugger, USN, CTG 51.5 Action
          Report, July 20, 1945, p. 14.  See Morison, Vol. XIV,
          281.  Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "Sorry to be late, have scratched a kamikaze and taken two on
board.  Now have destroyer in tow."

          -- DEFENSE message to ADM Deyo (CTF-54) off Okinawa,
          April 6-8, 1945.  Towed DD was LEUTZE (DD-481), which
          also had been kamikazied.  (See Morison, Vol. XIV, p.
          184).  Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "I'll never abandon ship as long as a gun will fire."

          -- CDR Becton, Commanding Officer of USS LAFFEY, at
          height of action when six Kamikazes hit her off Okinawa,
          16 April 1945 (Morison, Vol. XIV, 236) courtesy Naval
          Historical Center, Washington, D.C. 

     LAFFEY's performance "stands out above the outstanding."

          -- VADM C. Turner Joy, USN, after USS LAFFEY was hit by
          six Kamikazes off Okinawa, April 16, 1945 (Morison, Vol.
          XIV, p. 237).  Courtesy Naval Historical Center,
          Washington, D.C.


     "Work has been started on the flying field (Ie Shima Island
off Okinawa) and I hope it won't be long before planes, 325 miles
from Japan, will be striking, striking, striking . . ."

          -- Major General A. D. Bruce, United States Army, letter
          to his family, April 1945.


        QUOTATIONS BY INDIVIDUALS REGARDING WORLD WAR II


ADM Arleigh Burke, USN

     ". . . Nobody can actually duplicate the strain that a
commander is under in making a decision during combat . . . ."

          -- CAPT Burke, quoted in Theodore Roscoe's Destroyer
          Operations in World War II, (U.S. Naval Institute, 1953),
          p. 404.  Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington,
          D.C.

     "No operation can be a complete success unless each captain
knows his tactical commander and is loyal to that commander's view-
-and believe in their soundness."

     "Success cannot be administered."

     "Know you own weaknesses thoroughly--guard against them--but
after you have realized them--disregard them."

"Thoroughly believe in the invincibility of the United States."

     "Naval power is silent power, restrained and controlled.  It
is friendly but strong, pleasant, but firm.  It is a reminder to
our friends that we are near at hand, and ready to help them
against aggression.  It is a warning to would-be aggressors, quiet
but effective . . . .

     "As often in the past, the Navy and Marines were among the
first to be called, the first to move, and the first to arrive."

          -- Speech to Jewish War Veterans, Los Angeles, August 9,
          1958.  Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

Churchill-Roosevelt Correspondence

     "When I became Prime Minister, and the war broke out in all
its hideous fury, when our own life and survival hung in the
balance, I was already in a position to telegraph to the President
on terms of an association which had become most intimate and, to
me, most agreeable.  This continued through all the ups and downs
of the world struggle until Thursday last, when I received my last
messages from him.  These messages showed no falling off in his
accustomed clear vision and vigour upon perplexing and complicated
matters.  I may mention that this correspondence which, of course,
was greatly increased after the United States entry into the war,
comprises to and from between us, over 1,700 messages."

          -- Speech in the House of Commons by Sir Winston
          Churchill on April 17, 1945, reflecting upon the death of
          President Roosevelt on April 12 in Churchill Speaks: 
          Collected Speeches in Peace and War, ed. Robert Rhodes
          James, M.P., New York: Chelsea House, 1980, p. 856.

Sir Winston Churchill

     "Much if not most of the Navy's work goes on unseen."

          -- Churchill, at a Minister's Conference, April 20, 1943
          (Roskill, War At Sea, II, p. 405).  Courtesy Naval
          Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "Slow destroyers!  You might as well breed slow race horses!"

          -- Churchill about 1912 when asked if England couldn't
          save money by purchasing slow instead of fast destroyers. 
          See Churchill's The World Crisis, 1911-1915 (Scribner and
          Sons, 1923).

     "If you want to make a true picture in your mind of a battle
between great modern iron-clad ships you must not think of it as if
it were two men in armour striking at each other with swords.  It
is more like a battle between two egg-shells striking each other
with hammers . . . ."

          -- Churchill about 1913.  See Violet Bonham Carter's
          Winston Churchill:  An Intimate Portrait (Harcourt,
          Brace, & World, 1965, p. 92).  Courtesy Naval Historical
          Center, Washington, D.C.

Rear Admiral C. W. Fisher

     "If it doesn't help win the war, we must get rid of it.  In
war, unnecessary work is nothing less than a crime.  Unnecessary
paper work is equally a crime.  In war we can't waste time, as
individuals or a nation, on things that are not needed to win the
war."

          -- Fisher, Director of Shore Establishments, in Press
          Release, "Naval Districts Brought Into 'Anti-Red Tape'
          Campaign," June 23, 1942.  World War II Command File,
          SECNAV, Press Releases, Box 47, Operational Archives
          Branch, Naval Historical Center.


James V. Forrestal

     "Some one has got to formulate a postwar American air
doctrine.  I realize it is impossible, but some one has to try and
that means you."

          -- Forrestal to Eugene E. Wilson, 1943 (from brochure
          "Profile of an American Aircraftsman" by Francis P.
          Antel, back cover).  Courtesy Naval Historical Center,
          Washington, D.C.

     "At the end of the war, 495,000 Japanese in New Britain, the
Marshalls, Carolines, Bonins, Marianas and Solomons, and East
Indies, surrendered without ever having struck a blow to assist the
Japanese divisions which had been destroyed in detail from Tarawa
to Okinawa.  Could they have been marshalled together they might
have overwhelmed the few divisions employed by the United States. 
Divided and caught in the invisible web and the ceaseless forces of
our control of the seas, they became impotent onlookers to the
disaster that befell Japan."

          -- James V. Forrestal, Secretary of the Navy, at Los
          Angeles, California, October 28, 1946.  Courtesy Naval
          Historical Center, Washington, D.C.


     "What is sea power?  It is the ability to exercise dominant
authority by a nation over the ocean approaches to the country or
countries with which it is at war."

          -- James V. Forrestal, Secretary of the Navy, speech at
          Navy League Luncheon, Biltmore Bowl, Los Angeles,
          California, October 28, 1946.

     "Seapower means flexibility and fluidity in the use of other
military power.  The seas enable us to apply relatively small
forces and yet achieve superiority in critical areas of our own
choosing."

          -- James V. Forrestal, Secretary of the Navy, speech
          before the Economic Club of New York, Hotel Astor, New
          York, February 25, 1947.  Courtesy Naval Historical
          Center, Washington, D.C.

RADM Daniel V. Gallery

     "When outstanding heroism was required, it was commonplace
among the boarding parties."

          -- RADM Gallery, USN, reporting the capture of German U-
          boat 505, June 4, 1944.  Courtesy Naval Historical
          Center, Washington, D.C.

Fleet Admiral William F. Halsey, Jr.

     "Five minutes after I reported to MacArthur, I felt as if we
were lifelong friends . . . I have seldom seen a man who makes a
quicker, stronger, more favorable impression . . . The respect that
I conceived for him that afternoon grew steadily during the war .
. . I can recall no flaw in our relationship.  We had arguments,
but they always ended pleasantly.  Not once did he, my superior
officer, ever force his decisions upon me.  On the few occasions
when I disagreed with him, I told him so, and we discussed the
issue until one of us changed his mind."

          -- Halsey, Admiral Halsey's Story, -pp. 154-55; also
          Morison, VI, p. 96.  Courtesy Naval Historical Center,
          Washington, D.C.

     "All the Axis is hearing the tolling of the bells, and we are
doing the rope pulling!

          --Overhead remark of Admiral Halsey of unknown date. 
          Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     ". . . Fighting shoulder to shoulder with old and trusted
comrades is a fine thing.  Together we have watched our young and
trusted comrades who did the actual fighting and that too is a fine
and inspiring experience.  I think all hands except the Nips can
rejoice over the results produced by this team of old poops, young
squirts and lieutenant commanders."

          -- Admiral Halsey dispatch, january 23, 1945.  Courtesy
          Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "You will be present at the peace if you are still alive. 
That peace will be in the White House, but the White House will not
be as you envisaged."

          -- Halsey, Language of WWII,, Taylor: p. 226, from
          Democrat and Chronicle, Rochester, New York, January 11,
          1946.  Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "We do the unexpected . . . We expose ourselves to shorebased
planes.  We don't stay behind the battle with our carriers but . .
. whatever we do we do fast."

          --  Language of WWII, Taylor, p. 216 from Vital Speeches,
          1 February 1941, p. 227.  Courtesy Naval Historical
          Center, Washington, D.C.

                               ***

     When Admiral Halsey heard the Japanese radio asking in
November 1943, "Where is the American Fleet?", he told his aide to
"Send them our latitude and longitude."

     Shortly after assuming command in the South Pacific on 16
October 1942, Admiral Halsey was asked by his division commanders
what his instructions were.  His answer was simply, "Attack--
Repeat--Attack."

     After another third Fleet carrier sweep far into Japanese
territory, Admiral Halsey sent a message to his fast task forces: 
"To my group of stars:  I am booking you to appear before the best
audience in the Asiatic station because of the brilliant
performance just turned in."

                               ***

     ". . . The American people have on basic idea about fighting
and about winning wars.  The American people want to fight wars in
enemy territory . . . .

     ". . . In order to project our power overseas, we must have
sea power.  Air power alone will not do it.  Strength on the ground
alone will not do it, and neither will a strong Navy alone do it. 
But without sea power, we cannot win . . . .

     ". . . Let us keep free our victorious Navy.  Let us keep it
intact and unshackled . . . Keep it free and it will keep America
free! . . . ."

          -- Halsey before Senate Military Affairs Committee,
          December 6, 1945 from Navy Department Press Release of
          the same day.  Courtesy Naval Historical Center,
          Washington, D.C.

                               ***

     " . . . Americans pray for peace and hate to fight, but we
believe in our way of life and are willing  and capable of
defending ourselves against any aggressors."

          -- Halsey, undated quote.  Courtesy Naval Historical
          Center, Washington, D.C.

     ". . . The successes of the South Pacific Force were not the
achievements of separate services or individuals but the result of
whole-hearted subordination of self-interest by all, in order that
one successful 'fighting team' could be created."

          -- Halsey, undated quote.  Courtesy Naval Historical
          Center, Washington, D.C.

     "Hit hard, hit fast, hit often."

          -- Halsey from Taylor, Language of WWII, p. 104. 
          Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.


     "Cease firing, but if any enemy planes appear shoot them down
in friendly fashion."

          -- Halsey in Taylor, Language of WWII and NEWSWEEK,
          August 27, 1945.  Courtesy Naval Historical Center,
          Washington, D.C.

     "Carrier power varies as the square -- two carriers are four
times as powerful as one."

          -- Halsey in his autobiography, Admiral Halsey's Story
          (McGraw-Hill, 1947), p. 120.  Courtesy Naval Historical
          Center, Washington, D.C.

     "Funny.  Mr first berth in this man's navy was on the
MISSOURI.  It would be fitting if I ended things up on her too."

          Jack Pearl's Admiral "Bull" Halsey (Monarch Books, 1962),
          p. 135.  As an ensign he reported aboard the old MISSOURI
          in February 1904; in May 1945 as Commander Third Fleet
          (BB-63) where, 4 months later, the Japanese surrender
          took place.  Courtesy Naval Historical Center,
          Washington, D.C.


Fleet Admiral E. J. King

     "Make every minute count.  We have no time to lose."

          -- Admiral King, COMINCH, to ship builders during World
          War II, undated.  Courtesy Naval Historical Center,
          Washington, D.C.

     "The first salvo to land may win the action; or it conceivably
might be a long drawn out affair and the last gasping shot might
win it . . . .

     "Aim not only to hit first, but to keep hitting, and oftener
than the other fellow . . . ."

          King, Lantfleet restricted memo 6M-41.

     "I have a philosophy that when you have a commander in the
field, let him know what you want done and then let him alone.  Two
other philosophies of mine are, 'Do the best you can with what you
have,' and "Don't worry about water over the dam.'

     "According to Admiral King, the Coral Sea, Midway and Solomons
actions prove that the U.S. had what many people thought it still
needed: true unity of command.

     "At the approach of the second December 7th (1942), Admiral
King still believed what he said earlier in the first year:  OUR
DAYS OF VICTORY ARE IN THE MAKING."

          -- Time Magazine, December 7, 1942, p. 32.  Courtesy
          Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     ". . . the 'material side' of the Navy must be brought to that
degree of performance in meeting their schedules and other
obligations which is expected and required--even demanded--of the
seagoing forces."

          -- FLEET ADMIRAL KING, p. 311.  Courtesy Naval Historical
          Center, Washington, D.C.

     "Let us . . . maintain a Navy which, kept fully in accord with
scientific advancement, will insure our own security and contribute
to the peace of the world."

          -- King, October 26, 1945.

     ". . . Machines are as nothing without men . . . men are as
nothing without morale . . .

     ". . . During the war, the Navy developed an underwater
explosive -- a pressure mine -- far more efficient than any similar
devise in the history of warfare . . .

     ". . . By the time we had progressed as far as the
Philippines, and onward to Okinawa, the ability of Naval Air to
cooperate with ground forces on specific attack missions had
reached a point where it was so efficient that, in my opinion, it
will go into all future textbooks on military tactics . . .

     ". . . We should all face the fact that we are a maritime
nation, and that our navy serves as the guardian of the seas,
standing watches far from its home ports . . .

     ". . . Your Navy represents the closest form of operation
teamwork that has ever been seen in the history of warfare.  All
units are trained to work together, and with the full cognizance of
each other's problems, whether they are designed to operate on the
surface of the sea, below the surface of the sea, or in the air
above the sea . . . .  We now live in an age of technical
advancement which brings breath-taking surprises in the way of new
weapons and new tactics.  The Navy accepts the challenge of this
new age . . . ."

          -- King, address before the American Legion in Chicago,
          Illinois, November 18, 1945, when he was Chief of Naval
          Operations.  Courtesy Naval Historical Center,
          Washington, D.C. 

     "Modern warfare, mechanized and atomic, is no more than
evolution from the time when men first fought each other with
stones and clubs, down through the ages to this day of mechanized
ships of the sea, mechanized ships on land, and mechanized ships of
the air.  But do not forget that machines are as nothing without
the men who man them and give them life."

          -- King, address before the Second National Conference on
          Citizenship sponsored by the National Education
          Association, Boston, Massachusetts, May 9, 1947.

     "It is the particular business of the Navy to gain and keep
control of the seas for the support and execution of our national
policies.   To accomplish this duty, we of the Navy must be
prepared to defeat the enemy wherever he may be found on the seas
or on the coasts bordered them."

          --King, address before the Second National Conference on
          Citizenship sponsored by the National Education
          Association, Boston, Massachusetts, May 9, 1947.


Frank Knox, Secretary of the Navy

     "We must be intolerant of delay.  We must tear our way through
red tape.  We must pillory bureaucrats who stupidly sacrifice time
in the pursuit of an impossible perfection.

          -- Knox quotation from an unknown source placed in the
          entry to the Main Navy Building in Washington, D.C.,
          1940.  Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "The enemy has struck a savage, treacherous blow.  We are at
war, all of us!  There is not time for disputes or delay of any
kind.  We must have ships and more ships, guns and more guns, men
and more men -- faster and faster.  There is not time to lose.  The
Navy must lead the way.  Speed up -- it is your Navy and your
Nation!"

          -- Secretary Knox's message to all Naval ships and
          stations shortly after the Pearl Harbor attack, December
          7, 1941.

     "You were right about the predominant place which submarine
warfare should have in our plans.  There is no question in my mind
but that the German submarine menace is the most dangerous thing we
have to face in our efforts at victory over Hitler."

          -- Knox to Admiral Stark, November 27, 1942.

     ". . . What can we do for them?  For those who will return
some day to the homes which they are guarding so well.  First of
all, we must continue to build ships, to build planes and machines
to strike the enemy again and again.  Every effort must be bent
toward the quickest victory . . .

     ". . . In the days of yesterday, we fought; today we fight
again and work that we may fight; for tomorrow we must work and
plan.  That is the only way to insure that every Fourth of July is
the future will continue to be 'Independence Day.'"

          -- Secretary Knox's Address "Preserve Our Heritage," to
          the American Legion, Post No. 1, July 5, 1943.

     ". . . We must make our victory so final and complete, and the
humiliation of the defeat of our enemies so overwhelming that the
lesson taught will stay the hands of any future Hitler or Tojo
whenever he contemplates a war of conquest . . . .

     ". . . It is far wiser, more prudent and safer, to
overestimate the length of the war than to underestimate it.  We
must set our  minds on complete and unquestioned victory and be
content with nothing less. . . .

     ". . . We fought too long to preserve peace, when there was no
peace.  Our objective from now, henceforth, should be only that
peace which can be maintained with righteousness and justice
dominating relations between nations, just as that is our ideal in
the relations of individuals -- the principle is the same.  We want
not just peace, but a just peace,"

          -- Secretary Knox's Navy Day address at Philadelphia,
          Pennsylvania, October 27, 1948

CAPT Macauley, Maritime Commission

     "The sea demands more of men, but it gives more.  No one who
knows the meaning of the word 'shipmate' can fail to understanding
what it is that the sea gives, that the land can never give--the
feeling of standing and working together, of individual strength
and energy being pooled together for the safety and welfare of all,
the sense of one's only antagonist being the elements that surround
him."

          -- CAPT Macauley, as member of the Maritime Commission at
          the apprentice seamen's training station, Port Hueneme,
          California, August 1941.

General Douglas MacArthur, United States Army

     "I shall return."

          -- MacArthur, when he left the Philippines, March 11,
          1942.

     "I have returned."

          -- MacArthur, when he returned to the Philippines,
          October 20, 1944.

     "Lack of sea power in the Pacific is and has been the fatal
weakness in our position since the beginning of the war."

          -- MacArthur Australian Dispatch No. 199 of May 23, 1942.

     "Tactically, the most difficult of all operations is that of
attacking, from small boats, a force defending a coast."

          MacArthur in his plan for defense of the Philippines,
          1936 (quoted in Engineers of the Southwest Pacific, 1941-
          1945, Vol. IV, p. 1).


     "There is no substitute for victory."

          -- MacArthur letter to Representative Joseph Martin, Jr.,
          Member of the Congress, in MacArthur, 1941-1951 (New
          York, 1954), p. 422. 

     "No one desires peace as much as the solder for his must pay
greatest penalty in war."

          -- The Story of the Command and General Staff College
          (Fort Leavenworth, 1954).  Courtesy Naval Historical
          Center, Washington, D.C.

     "Amphibious maneuver is as old as the history of warfare and
. . . will continue to be effective as long as wars are fought."

          -- MacArthur In his letter to Commmander Cagle, March 19,
          1956.

Vice Admiral Marc A. Mitscher

     "Today we in this force (Task Force 58) have reached and well
passed 1,000 enemy aircraft shot out of the air by aircraft and
ship' gunfire since April 1, 1945.  The enemy cannot take it as
such a murderous rate much longer.  Be alert and keep them
splashing."

          -- Dispatch by Vice Admiral Mitscher to his Task Force
          58, May 4, 1945.

RADM Samuel E. Morison

     "This Fourth of June (1942) was a cool and beautiful day,
perfect for carrier war if the wind had only been stronger and from
the enemy's direction.  At 19,000 feet pilots could see all around
a circle of 50 miles' radius.  Only a few fluffy cumulus clouds
were between them and an ocean that looked like dish of wrinkled
blue Persian porcelain.  Small consolation, to be sure, for these
young men who were to fall that day in flames or drown in the broad
ocean whose mastery they were to win for their country,  Yet, if a
sailor must die, the air way is the fairest.  The tense, crisp
briefing in the ready room; the warming up of the planes which the
devoted "ground crews" have been checking, arming, fueling and
servicing; the ritual of the take-off, as precise and ordered as a
ballet.  Planes swooping in graceful curves over the ships while
the group assembles; hand-signaling and waving to your wing-man,
whom you may never see again; a long flight over the superb ocean;
first sight of your target and the sudden catch at the heart when
you know that they see you, from the black puffs of anti-aircraft
bursts that suddenly appear in the clear air; the wriggling and
squirming of the ships, followed by wakes like the tails of white
horses; the dreaded 'Zekes' of combat air patrol swooping down on
you apparently out of nothing; and finally the tight, incredibly
swift attack, when you forget everything but the target so rapidly
enlarging, and the desperate necessity of choosing the exact moment
-- the right tenth of a second -- to release and pull out."

          --  Morison, Vol IV, p. 115 (Battle of Midway).  Courtesy
          Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     ". . . The modern age has afforded no marine spectacle
comparable to a meeting of these big warships, which have become as
beautiful to the modern seaman's eye as a ship of the line to his
bell-bottomed forbears.  The great flattops, constantly launching
and recovering aircraft; the new battleships with their graceful
sheer, tossing spray and leaving a boiling wake; the cruisers
bristling with antiaircraft guns; the destroyers darting, thrusting
and questing for lurking submarines, all riding crested seas of
deepest ultramarine; the massy tradewind clouds casting purple
shadows -- all together composed a picture of might naval power .
. . .  It corresponded to a fleet of ship of the line with their
attendant frigates and sloops majestically sailing across the
Caribbean in the eighteenth century."

          -- Morison, The Two-Ocean War, p. 428.  Courtesy Naval
          Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "No matter what the atomic age brings, America will always
need sailors and ships and shipborne aircraft to preserve her
liberty, her communications with the free world, even her
existence.  If the deadly missiles with their apocalyptic warheads
are ever launched at America, the navy will still be out on blue
water fighting for her, and the nation or alliance that survives
will be the one that retains command of the oceans."

          -- Morison, Two-Ocean War, final paragraph.  Courtesy
          Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

Commander Dudley W. Morton, USN

     "Just sight, track, shoot and sink."

          -- Morton, Commanding Officer, USS WAHOO (Newsweek, May
          3, 1943).  Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington,
          D.C.

Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz

     "I am about to assume a great responsibility and I assure you
that I shall do my utmost to meet it."

          -- Nimitz, parting statement to the press on assuming
          command of the Pacific Fleet, December 18, 1941. 
          Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "We have had losses and we must expect more losses before this
war is won, but we must not be dismayed by such prospects. 
Successful war against a powerful enemy cannot be waged without
losses . . .

     "We will never reach that stage in our training where we will
be ready to the last gaiter button.  We must fight to the best of
our ability with what we have when we meet the enemy.  Time
and not state of training is the determining factor.  He who gets
there "fustest with the mostest" is still a good guide to success.

     "When things look bad for our side remember that the prospect
may be, and probably is, even tougher and blacker to the other
fellow."

          -- Nimitz, undated speech to officers and men of the
          Pacific Fleet.  Courtesy Naval Historical Center,
          Washington, D.C.
 
     "I am convinced that there comes a time when every leader
entrusted with the safety of his country finds faith in God the
ultimate inspiration for victory."

          -- Nimitz, speech "Universities and the War Effort," at
          University of Hawaii, October 21, 1942.  Courtesy Naval
          Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "TO ALL FIGHTING MEN IN THE PACIFIC X ON THIS HOLIEST OF DAYS
I EXTEND MY GREETINGS WITH ADMIRATION OF YOUR BRAVE DEEDS OF THE
PAST YEAR X THE VICTORIES YOU HAVE WON, THE SACRIFICES YOU HAVE
MADE, THE ORDEALS YOU NOW ENDURE, ARE AN INSPIRATION TO THE
CHRISTIAN WORLD X AS YOU MEET THE JAP ALONG THIS VAST BATTLE LINE
FROM THE ALEUTIANS TO THE SOLOMONS, REMEMBER, LIBERTY IS IN EVERY
BLOW YOU STRIKE X NIMITZ"

          -- Christmas message sent to all service personnel in the
          Pacific Ocean Areas by Admiral C.W. Nimitz, Commander in
          Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet and Pacific Ocean Areas,
          December 25, 1942.  United States Pacific Fleet and
          Pacific Ocean Areas, Press Release No. 107.  Courtesy
          Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "We hope the Japanese fleet will stay in the area and give us
a chance to get at them I don't know anything more we can do to
provoke fleet action . . . .  Unfortunately we do not control their
movements.  If I did, there would be fight."

     "It is now crystal clear that we will win the war but no clear
just yet when . . . .  I am realistic enough to believe it will be
hard and tough going -- but optimistic enough to believe it will
over long before the gloomy prediction of 1949."

     "In the 1905 Navy yearbook, Chester W. Nimitz was called the
man of 'cheerful yesterdays and confident tomorrows.'

          -- Nimitz, on announcing the invasion of the Marianas on
          June 20, 1944. (LIFE, July 10, 1944, p. 92).  Courtesy
          Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "While commanding the old destroyer DECATUR, his engineer one
day concluded from certain symptoms in the engine room that she was
about to sink and he called Nimitz on the tube and asked for
advice.  Never one to become unduly disturbed, Nimitz reacted
characteristically:  'Look on page 84 of Barton's Engineering
Manual; it tells you what to do in a case like this."

          -- Nimitz, LIFE, July 10, 1944, p. 86.  Courtesy Naval
          Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "When forthcoming operations are discussed, Admiral Nimitz
applies three favorite rules of thumb which are printed on a card
on his desk:

     1.  Is the proposed operation likely to succeed?
     2.  What might be the consequences of failure?
     3.  It in the realm of practicability in terms of material and
     supplies?"

          -- Comments about Nimitz, LIFE July 10, 1944.  Courtesy
          Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "The sortie into the South China Sea was well-conceived and
brilliantly executed.  A most important element in the success of
this operation was the plan for logistic support of the Fleet,
whose execution left little to be desired.  It is regretted that
more important targets were not within reach of the Task Force's
destructive sweep."

          -- Nimitz endorsement to Admiral Halsey's Action Report
          on South China Sea operations (Morison, XIII, p. 174). 
          Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "We all admire a ship that can't be licked.  Congratulations
on your magnificent performance!"

          -- Nimitz message to Commander W. H. Sanders of USS AARON
          WARD after being hit by seven Kamikaze planes, being
          repaired, and steaming on one engine all the way to New
          York before being decommissioned as beyond economical
          repair.  (Morison, XIV, p. 252).  Courtesy Naval
          Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "You have met the enemy and the enemy is yours."

          -- Nimitz in Taylor, Language of WWII, p. 226.  Democrat
          and Chronicle, Rochester, New York, May 28, 1945. 
          Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "On board all naval vessels at sea and in port, and at our
many island bases in the Pacific, there is rejoicing and
thanksgiving.  The long and bitter struggle . . . is at an end . .
. .  Today all freedom-loving peoples of the world rejoice in the
victory and feel pride in the accomplishments of our combined
forces.  We also pay tribute to those who defended our freedom at
the cost of their lives . . . ."

          Nimitz, statement after WWII surrender formalities
          (Morison, Vol. XIV, p. 367).  Courtesy Naval Historical
          Center, Washington, D.C.

     "Sea and air power are indissolubly combined, and must
progress together."

          -- Nimitz over WINX, Washington, D.C., December 2, 1945.

     "We shall never forget that it was our submarines that held
the lines against the enemy while our fleets replaced losses and
repaired wounds."

          -- Nimitz, quoted in Timothy B. Benford, The World War II
          Quiz and Fact Book (New York: Harper and Row, 1982) Vol.
          II, p. 186.

     "No future Tojo or Hitler will ever again make the mistake of
NOT trying to eliminate the United States first.

     "In the next war -- if we permit a next war to mature -- there
will be no period of grace for the United States.  The would-be
conqueror will not try to dispose of weaker opposition first. The
enemy's immediate effort will be to destroy American industrial and
technological resources.  His only hope for conquest is to prevent
the United States from building the fleets and the armies which in
the past two wars tipped the balance of power against the
aggressor."

          -- Nimitz over NBC, December 7, 1945.

     "We hear a great deal today of the weapons and the 'push-
button wars' of the future.  The techniques and weapons of war will
change and change so rapidly that all of us may tend to become
bewildered.  We, however, believe in a fundamental principle which
will not change.  That principle consists of carrying the war to
the enemy with overwhelming force, before he can bring it to us. 
We must never forget that principle, nor neglect to properly
implement it.  We need and will continue to need a strong and
dynamic navy to carry out this policy."

          -- Nimitz, Washington, D.C., January 24, 1946.  Courtesy
          Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "I am convinced that the complete impunity with which the
Pacific Fleet pounded Japan at point-blank range was the decisive
factor in forcing the Japanese to ask the Russians to approach us
for peace proposals in July."

          -- Nimitz, National Geographic Society, Washington, D.C.,
          January 25, 1946.

     ". . . The only way to be sure of peace is to be strong enough
not to have to fight."

          -- Nimitz' speech before the Women's Patriotic Conference
          on National Defense, Hotel Statler, Washington, D.C.,
          January 26, 1946.

     "A strong Navy has always been a great safeguard against war. 
History shows that war has been forced upon this country only when
its defenses were weakest."

          -- Nimitz, San Francisco, California, September 30, 1946. 
          Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "Logistics is an all-embracive term which touches every
producing activity at home.  It commences with the farmer, miners,
all other producers of raw materials, and includes all the
processors of foods and materials such as ship builders, munition
makers, and the like . . . ."

          -- Nimitz' preface, p. ix, in Carter and Duvall, Ships,
          Salvage and Sinews of War (1954).  Courtesy Naval
          Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "Seapower is our heritage . . . Seapower is not merely a fleet
of ships and planes.  Seapower reaches into every phase of our
national life.  It means domination of the sea and the air above
it.  In order to maintain such power the fruits of our farms, the
minerals of our land and the products of our factories must flow
into the sinews of maritime strength."

          -- Nimitz, undated post World War II quote.  Courtesy
          Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "The establishment of adequate defensive measures does not
imply that the people of the United States believe World War III
inevitable.  On the contrary such measures signify a desire to
insure the peace until such time as the nations of the world can
determine the formula for lasting peace."

          -- Nimitz, San Francisco, California, September 30, 1946.

     "Without a Navy there would be no use for an Army, unless the
United States elects to fight any future war on its own soil."

          -- Nimitz, speech in Dallas, Texas, December 7, 1946. 
          Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "Loosing our imaginations to envision a war against the United
States by a power possessing no comparable fleet, but our match in
military power and long-range rockets, seapower would still tip the
balance for us by its ability to get in under the adversary's reach
and strike him at close quarters with our mobile naval forces."

          -- Nimitz, Dallas, Texas, December 7, 1946.  Courtesy
          Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "After crushing France early in the war, Hitler controlled the
air but was unable to cross the twenty-mile barrier of the English
Channel.  On the other hand the Allies controlled the seas, and
when they were ready, crossed thousands of miles of the Atlantic to
strike where they willed.

     "Lack of ability to move on the sea prevented the Japanese
from exploiting their strength in the Philippines, and from
satisfactorily reinforcing their troops at our point of attack. 
Control of the sea made it possible for us to move past many
islands and through many waters which were in the hand of the
enemy."

          -- Nimitz, speech in Dallas, Texas, December 7, 1946. 
          Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     ". . . The Navy is ready . . . to serve the nation at peace
with the same efficiency and high spirit that it displayed in
bringing the war to a victorious conclusion.

          -- Nimitz letter to SecNav, December 14, 1946.  Courtesy
          Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "Seapower means just what it says -- power over the seaways. 
Even if that day should come when the bulk of commerce will be
transported by air, oceans must be crossed, and the aerial fleets
will be manned by men who must of necessity know the sea.  But even
then there will be ships upon the surface, to supply the air bases
and to service them."

          -- Nimitz, St. Louis, Missouri, May 17, 1946.  Courtesy
          Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     ". . . The basic objectives and principles of war do not
change.  The final objective in war is the destruction of the
enemy's capacity and will to fight . . ."

          -- Nimitz' "The Future Employment of Naval Forces," to
          SECNAV, December 15, 1947.  Courtesy Naval Historical
          Center, Washington, D.C.

     ". . . The United States Navy has met changing conditions of
warfare with changing weapons and tactics.  But despite those
elements of change, one fundamental fact remains unaltered:  the
sea is still at our gates -- east, west, south, and to the north as
well."

          -- Nimitz' foreword in Dudley W. Knox' A History of the
          United States Navy (New York:  Putnam, 1948, revised
          ed.).  Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "Naval task forces . . . are capable of remaining at sea for
months.  This capability has raised to a high point the art of
concentrating air power within effective range of enemy
objectives."

          -- Nimitz, The Future Employment of Naval Forces
          (Washington, D.C.: Navy League of the United States,
          1948, p. 6).  Courtesy Naval Historical Center,
          Washington, D.C.

     "Shooting is the Navy's business, and they work at it all the
time."

          -- Nimitz. speech congratulating the Olympic Club Pistol
          Team, Alameda, California on October 8, 1957.  The
          Admiral inaugurated these pistol matches in 1933. (See
          NR&L (Mod) photos No.. 32750, 32751, 32752).  Courtesy
          Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "Of all the tools the Navy will employ to control the seas in
any future war, the most useful of the smaller types of combatant
ships -- the Destroyer -- will be sure to be there.  Its appearance
may be altered, and it may even be called by some other name, but
no other type, not even the carrier or submarine, has such an
assured place in future navies.

          -- Nimitz, review of Theodore Roscoe's book, U.S.
          Destroyer Operation in World War II, (U.S. Naval
          Institute, 1953, 581 pp.).  Courtesy Naval Historical
          Center, Washington, D.C.

     "In the death of Admiral Nimitz the Nation has lost one of our
greatest naval leaders.  A superb sailor, university regent, and
dedicated citizen, he served his country and his State with a full
measure of devotion,.  All in the Armed Forces salute his life of
achievement with the words, 'Well Done.'"

          -- Robert McNamara, Secretary of Defense, 1966.

     "Admiral Nimitz loved his country and the sea.  His devotion
to one inspired his mastery of the other."

          -- Lyndon B. Johnson, President of the United States, on
          the Admiral's death, 1966.

     "All of us who knew him well owe him a great debt of
appreciation, . . . [and] will miss him very much."

          -- Admiral Fukuchi, Imperial Japanese Navy, (from USIS,
          Tokyo, February 24, 1966, to USINFO, Washington, D.C. No.
          EUA-885PEA872, reaction story on death of Fleet Admiral
          C.W. Nimitz, USN.  Courtesy Naval Historical Center,
          Washington, D.C.

     "We came to admire him after the war for his skillful
leadership in carrying out military operations against Japan."

          -- Admiral Genda (retired), Imperial Japanese Navy,(from
          USIS, Tokyo, 24 February 1966, to USINFOR, Washington,
          D.C. reaction story on death of Adm. Nimitz, No. EUA-
          885PEA872.  Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington,
          D.C.

General George S. Patton, Jr.

     "We shall attack and attack until we are exhausted, and then
we shall attack again."

          -- Patton prior to the Normandy invasion, June 1944, War
          as I Knew It, p. 358.  Courtesy Naval Historical Center,
          Washington, D.C.

     "Gentlemen, this is a hell of a Christmas present, but it was
handed to me and I pass it on to you.  Tonight the Third Army turns
and attacks to the north.  I would have much preferred to have
continued tour attack to the east as planned, but I am a soldier. 
I fight where I am told, and I win where I fight!
There is one encouraging factor in our favor, however.  The      
b-----s will be easier to kill coming at us above the ground than
they would be skulking in their holes.  You have all done a grand
job so far, but I expect more of you now."

          -- Gen. Patton to his Third Army Section Chiefs near
          Verdun, about 20 December 1944 (Col. B.G. Wallace's
          Patton and His Third Army, 1946, pp. 150-51).  Courtesy
          Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     ". . . Keep moving forward.  Dig in and you are dead!  You
will be a perfect target for the enemy mortars.  If you keep moving
forward you will be more difficult target for the enemy and he will
be more nervous and unsteady in his aim, because you are getting
closer and closer to him for the kill."

          -- Same source, p. 204.

     "If you want an army to fight and risk death, you've got to
get up there and lead it.  An army is like spaghetti.  You can't
push a piece of spaghetti, you've got to pull it!"

          -- Same source, pp. 206-7.

     "There are only three principles of warfare -- Audacity,
Audacity, AUDACITY!"

          -- Same source, p. 207.

Ernie Pyle, WWII Correspondent

     "Even if you was (sic) shot down in Tokyo Harbor, the Navy
would in to get you."

          -- Headline of Ernie Pyle, when on February 17, 1945,
          submarine POMFRET (LCDR John B. Bass, Commanding Officer)
          rescued Ensign Robert Cuhanan from a raft five miles from
          Suno Saki, Japan, near a mined area. (See letter from
          09B92 to Mr. R. J. Rofelty, Glendale, California,
          September 30, 1968).  Courtesy Naval Historical Center,
          Washington, D.C.

Rear Admiral T. H. Robbins, Jr., USN

     "A fire insurance police does not prevent fires.  It will not
ward off lightning.  You cannot wave it in the face of a
conflagration and snuff out the flames.  A fire insurance police
can do no more than reimburse you for the damage you suffer after
the fact . . . Your sea power policy, however, actually tends to
prevent fires.  IT goes a long way to ward off the lightning stroke
of war.  And if a conflagration is started, it does snuff out the
flames . . .

     "In its modern application, sea power can be likened to a
harpoon.  The sharp point is naval aviation; the barb that seizes
as it sinks in is the Marine Corps; and the shaft of the weapon is
the Navy afloat and submerged . . . ."

          -- RADM Robbins over Radio Station WTIC, Hartford,
          Connecticut, October 26, 1946.  Courtesy Naval Historical
          Center, Washington, D.C.

Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States

     "I should like to emphasize the confidence that our citizens
have in their first line of defense.  It is a faith of free men in
the defenders of the democratic traditions; it is a trust that our
citizens repose in a Navy that has never failed its country."

          -- President to Acting SecNav, October 26, 1939.

     "Officers and men of the naval service have carried on
splendidly in fair weather and foul.  Their devotion to duty, their
spirited endeavor to keep the Navy strong, is an inspiration to
those who would hold this country's welfare above self."

          -- Letter to SECNav, October 2, 1940.  Courtesy Naval
          Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "In the light of a good many years of personal experience, I
think it can be said that it can never be doubted that the goods
will be delivered by this nation, whose Navy believes in the
tradition of 'Damn the torpedoes: full speech ahead.'  Our Navy is
ready for action.  Indeed, units of it in the Atlantic Patrol are
in action.  Its officers and men need no praise from me."

          -- Address on October 27, 1941.  Courtesy Naval
          Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "From the very beginning of our national life, the navy has
always been, and justly deserves to be, an object of special pride
to the American people.  Its record is indeed one to inspire such
sentiments."

          -- undated quote.  Courtesy Naval Historical Center,
          Washington, D.C.

Vice Admiral John F. Shafroth, USN

     "Just before the bombardment of an iron works at Kamaishi,
Japan, 14 July 1945, I had two signals flying on my flagship, South
Dakota.  One was 'Never Forget Pearl Harbor,' and the second was
'Open Fire!'"

          -- VADM Shafroth to Division of Naval History, October
          1964.  Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "History is a collection of lies agreed upon by the
participants to cover up their mistakes."

          -- Shafroth, undated quote.  Courtesy Naval Historical
          Center, Washington, D.C.

Admiral Forest Sherman

     "You can get a man down quicker by hitting on the same tooth
than by hitting him all over."

          -- Quoted in Timothy B. Benford, World War II Quiz and
          Fact Book (New York:  Harper and Row, 1982), Vol. II, p.
          183.

LTGEN Holland M. Smith, USMC

     "Let us remember the skillful work of the Seabees who,
laboring under fire, immediately began to transform this barren
wasteland into a powerful advance base."

          Smith, after the capture of Iwo Jima, March 1945
          (Morison, Vol. XIV, p. 70).  Courtesy Naval Historical
          Center, Washington, D.C.

RADM C.A.F. Sprague, USN

     "The high degree of skill, the unflinching courage, the
inspired determination to go down fighting, of the officers and men
under my command cannot be too highly praised."

     "Never have the fruits of intrepid leadership been more
marked."

          -- Sprague, regarding action with Japanese fleet off
          Samar Island, October 25, 1944.

Admiral Raymond A. Spruance, USN

     "It has been a pleasure to have such a well trained fighting
force to throw against the enemy."

          -- Spruance letter to Adm. Nimitz of June 8, 1942, giving
          an informal report on Battle of Midway.

     ". . . in the Pacific the vast extent of that ocean and the
fact that Japan was defeated without our having to land a single
soldier on her shores should leave the role of sea power clear to
all."

          -- Spruance, speech of October 30, 1946 to the Council of
          the Royal United Service Institution.  Courtesy Naval
          Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     ". . . Nimitz was a first-class fighting man . . . He is one
of the few people I know who never knew what it meant to be afraid
of anything.  Typical of his character was his first reaction each
time we thought of a way to hit the Japs.  He always said, 'Let's
go and do it.'

     ". . . Rear Admiral Turner was an old shipmate of mine,
nicknamed 'Terrible Turner' because of his stubbornness and his
outspokenness, who was a tough, very intelligent fighting man . .
.

     ". . . Betio Island was like a fortress.  Its defender, Rear
Admiral Keiji Shibasaki, often boasted that it could not be
conquered by a million men in a hundred years.  It actually took us
three days to capture impregnable Betio . . .

     ". . . All the plans had been made in Pearl harbor and when
time came to implement them I like to go myself to the various
spots.  But I made it a rule for myself to interfere as little as
possible with the execution and refrain from Monday morning
quarterbacking . . . ."

     ". . . The invasion of Eniwetok went ahead as scheduled.  The
conquest of the island took three days and wasn't, as usual, too
easy.  But we succeeded there in stopping for good the pipeline of
aircraft that was flowing into the Marshalls.  The enemy bases of
Wotje, Mili and Jaluit, although still very heavily defended, were
neutralized.  We let them 'rot on the vine.'

     ". . . The invasion of Saipan took place nine days after the
Normandy landings but the problems of logistics were, in some
respects, far more complex.  We had to project in the Marianas
overwhelming power more than 3,000 miles west of Pearl Harbor and
1,000 miles from Eniwetok, the most westerly American anchorage in
the Central Pacific.  And still, we had only three months to
prepare for the operation.  The invasion of Europe had required two
years of preparation . . . ."

     ". . . Saipan was 14 miles long and yet, it had to be taken
quickly from its 32,000 defenders.  It was almost certain that the
Japanese reaction would be extremely strong both on land and at sea
and in the air.  The operation on Saipan started on June 15th . .
. ."

     ". . . When you are on deck and these Kamikazes flew directly
into you, the only thing that you have for protection is your tin
hat!"

     ". . . It seemed [Okinawa] like a bloody, hellish prelude to
the forthcoming invasion of Japan."

     ". . . When you are making war, time is sometimes fighting for
the enemy but it is also sometimes fighting for you.  If time is
fighting for the enemy, it is better to push the war.  When you
reach the stage where time is on your side, you can slow down and
let it assist you."

     ". . . I had told Nimitz, it would be wiser not to make any
landings in Japan for the time being and let the Japs 'stew in
their own juice' and 'die on the vine' like we have done in so many
place previously."

          -- Spruance, interview with Philippe de Bausset, on the
          Pacific war in WWII, July 1965.  Courtesy Naval
          Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "A sound logistic plan is the foundation upon which a war
operation should be based."

          -- Spruance's introduction to RADM W.R. Carter's Beans,
          Bullets, and Black Oil (1951).

Admiral Harold R. Stark, USN

     "Dollars cannot buy yesterday."

          Stark, Address "Background at Chatham House," July 21,
          1942.  Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "Tough as a submarine situation is I feel that there is no
cause for discouragement, though God knows there is none for
congratulations.  However, we will win this struggle."

          -- Adm. Stark to Admiral King, April 24, 1943.  Courtesy
          Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "Guts as well as guns are necessary to win battles."

          -- SecNav Forrestal quotes Admiral Stark in a Princeton
          Address (New York Times, June 22, 1944).  Courtesy Naval
          Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "Blessed be he who expect nothing."

          -- Adm. Stark to newsmen who asked if he anticipated a
          rise in the number of U-boats sunk, World War II. 
          Undated.  Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington,
          D.C.

John L. Sullivan, Under Secretary

     "We must never forget, in our enthusiasm for the new and the
spectacular means of transport, that nearly 70 percent of the
earth's surface is covered by water.  We must never forget as
Americans, that this continent is an island situated between two
great oceans whose surface or air-space we cannot dare to leave
unguarded."

          -- Sullivan in speech in New York, November 15, 1946. 
          Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

Rear Admiral C. W. Styer, USN

     "As often happens, the best weapons are developed too late to
see action in the war which sires them.  This, the age of atomic
energy, is also the age of the true submarine -- the submarine that
can submerge and stay under water for months at a time without the
necessity of surfacing at frequent intervals to recharge batteries
and renew air supply; the submarine that can move as fast under
water as present day warships can steam on the surface.  The atomic
bomb has not made the submarine obsolete.  Far from it!  For the
submerged submarine has been proven (by our test at Bikini) to be
the type of craft most impervious to the devastating blasts of the
atomic bomb.  It may well be the major sea weapon of tomorrow."

          -- Styer, Berkeley, West Virginia, November 14, 1946. 
          Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

Commander John T. Tompkins, USN

     "You must learn the spirit of getting together.  Do what you
have to do with a will.  Do it with all your heart."

          -- Tompkins, Executive Officer of USS NEVADA

Admiral Richmond K. Turner

     "No medals can possibly do the alive and dead adequate honor. 
May God bless them."

          -- Navy Department Press Release, November 17, 1942, in
          congratulatory message of Adm. Turner after naval Battle
          of Guadalcanal.  Courtesy Naval Historical Center,
          Washington, D.C.

     "Our planes, tanks, guns, trucks, and ships -- and above these
things our men -- are all a sturdy lot."

          -- Undated quote.  Courtesy Naval Historical Center,
          Washington, D.C. 

                               ***

     "The Tokyo 'Home and Empire' broadcast, after the American
landings at Iwo Jima, February 1945, indicates that the enemy
propaganda service was really becoming mad with Kelly Turner.  The
follow is a partial translation:

     "'According to reports issued by the enemy, the man who
commands the enemy American amphibious forces which effected
landings on our Iwo Island is Vice Admiral Richmond K. Turner.  He
is a the right-hand man to Commander in Chief Raymond A. Spruance
of the enemy Fifth Fleet.  He is the man who can be termed a devil
man, being responsible for the killing of countless numbers of our
own younger and elder brothers on the various islands throughout
the central Pacific area.  Turner's career in war against our own
men began with the operations on the island of Guadalcanal.

     "'This man Turner is called an knows as the 'Alligator' in the
American Navy.  He is associated with this name because his work is
very similar to that of an alligator, which lives both on land and
in the water.  Also, the true nature of an alligator is that once
he bites into something he will not let go.  Turner's nature is
also like this.

     "'Spruance, with a powerful offensive spirit and Turner, with
excellent determinative power, have led their men to a point where
they are indeed close to the mainland, but they find themselves in
a dilemma, as they are unable either to advance or retreat.

     "'This man Turner, who has been responsible for the death of
so many of our precious men, shall not return home alive -- he must
no, and will not.  This is one of the many things we can do to rest
at ease the many souls of those who have paid the supreme
sacrifice.'

                               ***

     "Nevertheless, 'Alligator Turner' (the Japanese evidently go
the name from the shoulder patch of the V 'Phib Corps) not only
returned alive, but at the time this volume goes to press (1960) is
still very much alive."

          --Morison, Victory in the Pacific, Vol. XIV, pp. 51-2. 
          Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

General Lucian K. Truscott, United States Army

     "Don't tell me it can't be done -- go out there and do it!"

          -- Truscott, "Hero of Anzio Beach," one of his often
          repeated orders during World War II.  Courtesy Naval
          Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

Harry S Truman, President of the United States

     "There has been talk about the atomic bomb scrapping all
navies, armies, and air forces.  For the present, I think that such
talk is 100 percent wrong.  Today, control of the seas rests in the
fleets of the United States and her allies.  There is no substitute
for them.  We have learned the bitter lesson that the weakness of
this great Republic invites men of ill-will to shake the very
foundation of civilization all over the world.  And we had two
concrete lessons in that.

     "What the distant future of the atomic research will bring to
the fleet which we honor today, no can foretell.  But the
fundamental mission of the Navy has not changed.  Control of our
sea approaches and of the skies above them is still the key to our
freedom and to our ability to help enforce the peace of the world. 
No enemy will every strike us directly except across the sea.  We
cannot reach out to help stop and defeat an aggressor without
crossing the sea . . . ."

          -- President Truman's address on foreign policy at the
          Navy Day Celebration, New York City, October 27, 1945. 
          Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

     "One of the pleasant duties in the exacting life of a
President is to award honors to our fighting men for courage and
valor in war.  In the commissioning of this ship, the American
people are honoring a stalwart hero of this war who have his life
in the service of his country.  His name is engraved on this great
carrier, as it is in the hearts of men and women of good will the
world over -- Franklin D. Roosevelt.

     "If anyone can be called the father of the new American Navy
which is typified by this magnificent vessel, it is he.  From his
first day as President he started to build that Navy . . .

     ". . . For he understood, as few men did, the importance to
the survival of this country of the mission of its Navy -- the
control of the sea.  The Axis powers understood. That is why
Germany sought to drive us from the sea by her submarines.  This is
why Japan tried to destroy our Navy.  They knew if they succeeded,
the might conquer all the nations of the earth one by one, while
the Allies were helpless to reach across the oceans of the world.

     "We won the Battle of the Oceans.  By that victory the United
Nations were knitted into a fighting whole, and the Axis powers
were doomed to defeat everywhere."
 
          --President Truman, his address at the commissioning of
          the USS FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT, October 27, 1945.
 
     "We live in a world in which strength on the part of peace-
loving nations is still the greatest deterrent to aggression. 
World stability can be destroyed when nations with great
responsibilities neglect to maintain the means of discharging those
responsibilities . . . . The Navy is supporting the occupation
troops in Europe and in the Far East.  Its fundamental mission --
to support our national interests wherever required --is
unchanged."

          -- President Truman's Annual Message to the Congress,
          January 6, 1946.

Captain Wade C. Wells, USN

     "In World War II, I saw American fighting men of great valor
and courage. I saw the same kind of men in Korea.  Before coming to
Vietnam I wondered if American men today would measure up to those
I knew in our previous wars.  In a word, you have.  You are new
breed of U.S. fighting man, the combat sailor, who fights with guts
and conviction in close combat against brutal life-snuffing
weapons.  I have seen few in my Naval career who have pursued and
persevered the way you have.  Your service is a monument to the
freedom for which we fight."

          -- Wells, Commander River Assault Flotilla One (CTF 117,
          Riverine Assault Force), December 1966.  Courtesy Naval
          Historical Center, Washington, D.C.


Lieutenant Commander W. L. Wright, USN

     "STURGEON NO LONGER VIRGIN."

          -- Wright, Commanding Officer, submarine STURGEON, after
          thinking he sank a Japanese ship off Borneo, January 22-
          23, 1942.  However, it did not sink and the first
          Japanese ship he got with STURGEON was CHOKO MARU on
          March 30, 1942.  Courtesy Naval Historical Center,
          Washington, D.C.

Vice Admiral Theodore S. Wilkinson

     "Unloading is the world-wide difficulty of amphibious
operations."

     "The Jap is stopped, but we are not.  We have the initiative,
we are on the march . . . .  It may take time, there may be set-
backs, but we see the road, the sea lanes before us."

          -- Wilkinson, June 6, 1942.  Courtesy Naval Historical
          Center, Washington, D.C.

     "Rear Admiral Theodore S. Wilkinson took over the III 'Phib
from Admiral Turner 15 July 1943; he 'leapfrogging' strategy solved
the riddle of Rabaul and his find hand was seen in the almost
faultless landings at Cape Torokina and Green Islands.  A highly
intelligent, industrious and conscientious officer, Wilkinson was
also an excellent cooperator."

          -- About Wilkinson, Morison, vol. VI, pp. 14-15. 
          Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.

Admiral Harry E. Yarnell

     ". . . the paramount duty of United States Naval vessels is
the protection of American citizens and will go wherever it is
necessary at any time to carry out that mission and will remain in
such place as long as American citizens are in need of protection
or assistance . . ."

          -- Telegram of Yarnell as Commander in Chief Asiatic
          Fleet, to American Consul General, Shanghai, June 22,
          1939.  Courtesy Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.