------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version 31 March 1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ No country has influenced the history of military aircraft more than Germany. Germany has been led to fight two world wars; into the first by an autocratic fool and into the second by a demonic madman -- but in both wars, a nation known for its inventivity and effectiveness has produced advanced, revolutionary designs: the first fighters with synchronized guns, the first all-metal monoplanes, the first jet aircraft, the first guided missiles... And no inventory of warplanes was ever so thoroughly examined as Germany's, by its enemies to apply its secrets to their own aircraft. Prussia used balloons in the Franco-Prussian war of 1870. In 1910, the unified Germany bought its first heavier-than-air aircraft. During WWI, the importance of aircraft was quickly acknowledged, but the organization of an effective air force took time. Originally, aircraft were distributed piecemeal over the front units. Early efforts to concentrate aircraft created units such as the BAO, that made the first organized bombing attacks; but even the BAO often detached individual aircraft to army units, and was equipped with a mixture of aircraft that reflected the individual preferences of their crews! An unified command for the air force was not created before the end of 1916 --- the aircraft of Bavaria and the Navy remaining more or less independent -- and the first fighter wing, or Jagdgeschwader, was created in June 1917. During WWI the German air units were trend-setting in their use of fixed forward firing guns, ground-attack fighters and aircraft with cantilever wings. The air superiority repeatedly switched during WWI, mostly when the Fokker E and the Albatros D were introduced, and its not unlikely that it could have been regained by the Germans had the war not ended in november 1918. The fact that after WWI, Germany was forbidden to have any military aircraft, indicates their importance. The WWI designation system used to name of the manufacturer, followed by a function letter (D for (biplane) fighters, J for ground-attack, B for reconaissance, ...) and a Roman number to indicate the sequence of aircraft of the manufacturer. New versions would usually get another number. The Navy adopted a different system. The creation of a new Luftwaffe began even before Hitler came to power in 1933; already in 1926 German pilots were trained in Lipetsk, a secret airfield in the USSR. The Luftwaffe was mainly a tactical force, and has often been critisized for its neglect of the strategic bomber. But is should be noted that the Luftwaffe performed its tactical tasks with great effectiveness from early on in the war, and the allied showed themselves completely incapable to do something similar in 1940, but became later enormously dependent on their own tactical air forces. On the other hand, the strategic bomber offensive had only serious effects in 1944 after great expense of resources and lives. Because of the limited resources of Germany, it may have been a wise choice to devote the Luftwaffe to tactical duties. What really broke the back of the Luftwaffe were the neglect to develop suitable long range fighters, that led to the loss of the Battle of Britain; Hitler's insistence to build large numbers of medium bombers at the expense of fighters, and the bad organization of the production effort, that led to the loss of air superiority and the succes of the allied bomber offensive; and the failure to devote large resources to the development of the revolutionary jet aircraft. Another, less sensational, failure was the neglect of the production of transport aircraft. The main transport of the Luftwaffe was the old Ju 52, reliable but a generation older than the allied C-47; and its production wasn't big enough to compensate for the losses. The failure of the air bridge to Stalingrad was one of the consequences. The WWII designation system used the first two letters of the manufacturers name (Ju for Junkers, Fw for Focke-Wulf, ...) and an unique number to indicate the aircraft type. Versions were distinguished by capital letters, subdived with numbers, eg. Ju 88G-6, sometimes with the addition of lowercase letters, eg. Me 262A-1a. Prototypes had the letter V and a sequential number, eg. Bf 109 V23. Aircraft could also be modified with a 'Umbrust' or 'Bausatze' set or be tropicalized; eg. a Bf 109G-2/U1 was a Bf 109G-2 fitted with a reversible pitch prop, an Bf 109G-2/R1 had a 500kg bomb carrier fitted, and an Bf 109E-4/Trop had a dust filter installed. After WWII the German armed forces were once again banned; not until the late 1950's the Luftwaffe was resurrected in the BRD. Independent production of aircraft has since then been limited to a few minor types, and the air force was equipped with imported aircraft or with aircraft build in cooperation with other European countries. The air force of the DDR was largely equipped with Soviet-build aircraft, and operated as a part of the Soviet air force. Most of the DDR aircraft have been retired since the reunification of Germany. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- --0-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 03-10225, Focke-Wulf Projected long-range bomber. A twin-boom design with four 1600hp BMW 801D engines. Speed 360mph, range 5625 miles with 6600lb of bombs, defensive armament four 30mm, one 20mm, four 15mm and four 13mm guns. --A-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ae.607, Blohm und Voss Project for a jet fighter, 1945. The Ae.607 design had a flat fuselage, swept wings and no tail; the jet engines were fed by an oval nose intake. The cockpit was placed left of the centreline. Wing span 23ft 3in; armed with three 30mm cannon. A.E.G. B I Reconaissance biplane. 100hp Mercedes engine, 1914. A.E.G. B II Refined B I, smaller and more maneuvrable. It was of minor importance, few being used by combat units. Type: B II Function: reconaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 80kW Mercedes Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: A.E.G. B III Development of the B II. A.E.G. C I Armed version of the B II. Type: C I Function: reconaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 112kW Benz Bz III Speed: 130km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: A.E.G. C II Smaller derivaive of the C I. Type: C II Function: reconaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 112kW Benz Bz III Speed: 138km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: A.E.G. C III The C III had a deep fuselage that completely filled the gap between the upper and lower wings. Unsuccesfull. 1915. A.E.G. C IV Reconaissance aircraft, serving until 1918. Development of the C II with a larger wing span. The C IV was extremely robust and very reliable. The C IVN was a night bomber. Type: C IV Function: reconaissance Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes D III Speed: 158km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 4h Armament: 2*mg b90kg A.E.G. C V Version of the C IV with 164kW Mercedes engine. One built. A.E.G. C VI 149kW Benz Bz IV engine. A.E.G. C VII 119kW Mercedes D III engine. A.E.G. C VIII Development of the C IV. One biplane and one triplane prototype. 119kW Mercedes D III engine. A.E.G. D I Single-seat fighter, 1917. no production. A.E.G. DJ I Armoured ground-attack fighter, 1918. 145kW Benz engine. A.E.G. Dr I Triplane devlopment of the A.E.G. D I biplane. No production. Type: Dr I Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Daimler D IIIa Speed: 106mph Ceiling: Range: Armament: A.E.G. G I Twin-engined bomber. 75kW Mercedes D I engine, low performance. A.E.G. G II Development of the G I with 112kW Benz Bz III engines. A few were used operationally. A.E.G. G III Development of the G II with 164kW Mercedes D IV engines. Limited service use. A.E.G. G IV Development of the G III. Twin-engined bomber, designed as a long-range bomber but employed mostly for tactical attacks, because of its inferiority to the Gotha and Friedrichshafen bombers. Approx 400 built. Type: G IV Function: bomber Year: 1916 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 191kW Mercedes D IVa Speed: 166km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 4h 30m Armament: 2*mg b350kg A.E.G. G V Improved G IV. The G V appeared in 1918. Some were later used as passenger transports. Type: G V Function: bomber Year: Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 260hp Mercedes D IVa Speed: 145km/h Ceiling: 6500m Range: 8h Armament: 2-3*mg A.E.G. J I Ground support biplane, a development of the C IV. Used pending availability of purpose-designed army-cooperation aircraft. Type: J I Function: attack Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 200hp Benz Bz IV Speed: 94mph Ceiling: 14760ft Range: 2h 30m Armament: 3*mg A.E.G. J II Development of the J I with redesigned control surfaces. Total production of J I and J II was 609. Later converted to airliner. A.E.G. K I Renamed G I. A.E.G. N I Single-engined night bombing biplane. 37 were built. A.G.O. C I Biplane with twin tail booms and a pusher engine. A.G.O. C II Biplane with twin tail booms and a pusher engine. The C II was fast, maneuvrable, easy to fly and had a (for the time) very long range. Type: C II Function: reconaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 160kW Benz Bz IV Speed: 135km/h Ceiling: 4500m Range: 580km Armament: 1*mg A.G.O. C III Development of the C II with Mercedes D III engine. No production. A.G.O. C IV Conventional biplane. The C IV was a good reconaissance aircraft, but it wasn't built in quantity because of its complicated construction. 70 built. Type: C IV Function: reconaissance Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 164kW Benz Bz IV Speed: 190km/h Ceiling: Range: 4h Armament: 2*mg A.G.O. C VII Development of the C IV. No production. A.G.O. C VII C VII with Mercedes D IV engine. No production. A.G.O. DV 3 Unarmed single-seat biplane. One built. Type: DV 3 Function: reconaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 100hp Oberursel Ur I Speed: 150km/h Ceiling: Range: A.G.O. S I Single-seat ground attack aircraft. Albatros B I Reconaissance biplane. Sturdy construction was one of the few advantages. Type: B I Function: reconaissance Year: 1914 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 100hp Mercedes Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Albatros B II Biplane reconaissance aircraft designed by E. Heinkel. After 1915 the B II was used as trainer. Type: B II Function: reconaissance Year: 1914 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 75kW Mercedes Speed: 105km/h Ceiling: 3000m Range: 4h Armament: Albatros C I Development of the B II with a more powerful engine and a gun for the observer. Type: C I Function: reconaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 119kW Mercedes D III Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Albatros C II Pusher biplane. 150hp Benz Bz III engine. No production. Albatros C III Reconaissance biplane, development of the B III. Type: C III Function: reconaissance Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes D III Speed: 141km/h Ceiling: 3380m Range: 4h Armament: 1-2*mg b90kg Albatros C IV Development of the C III with redesigned wing. One built. Albatros C V Complete redesign of the C III, with better streamlining and a more powerful, but troublesome, engine. Approx 400 built. Type: C V Function: reconaissance Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 220hp Mercedes Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: 5180m Range: Armament: 2*mg 180kg Albatros C VII Development of the C V. An excellent aircraft that was in service until 1917. Type: C VII Function: reconaissance Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 200hp Benz Bz IV Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 3h 20m Armament: 2*mg Albatros C VIII Long-range reconaissance biplane. Type: C VIII Function: reconaissance Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Albatros C IX Curious two-seat reconaissance biplane with swept wings and no central struts. 1917. Three built. Albatros C X Reconaissance biplane. 300 built. Type: C X Function: reconaissance Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 260hp Mercedes IVa Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: Range: 3h 25m Armament: 2*mg Albatros C XII Reconaissance biplane, redesigned C X with a new fuselage, based on the elliptical fuselage of the Albatros D fighters. Performance was not improved. Type: C XII Function: reconaissance Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 260hp Mercedes IVa Speed: 176km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 3h 15m Armament: 2*mg Albatros C XV Development of the C XII. 1918. Albatros D I The D I was designed as a two-gun fighter. The Albtros D fighters had streamlined, drop-shaped fuselages and powerful liquid-cooled engines. The D I and D II won the air superiority back from the D.H.2 and Nieuport 17. 50 built before production switched to the D II. Type: D I Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D III Speed: 110mph Ceiling: 17000ft Range: 1h 30m Armament: 2*mg Albatros D II Development of the D I with improved forward vision. Albatros D III The Albatros fighters gained the air superiority for the Germans in the 1916-1917 period. They were biplanes with streamlined fuselages and powerful liquid-cooled engines. The D III had a new wing with V-struts instead of the conventional paired struts of the D I and D II. 446 built. Type: D III Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 117kW Mercedes D IIIa Speed: 176km/h Ceiling: 5500m Range: 2h Armament: 2*mg Albatros D IV Development of the D III. No production. Albatros D V The D V was an improved D III, but in fact its performance had improved only marginally. The D V did not have to superiority over its adversaries that the D III had enjoyed, and had weak wing construction. Quantity production tried to compensate this. Type: D V Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 180hp Mercedes IIIa Speed: 116mph Ceiling: 20000ft Range: 2h Armament: 2*mg Albatros D XI Two built. The D XI was a biplane fighter with a rotational engine, breaking the Albatros tradition of liquid-cooled engines. Performance was mediocre. Type: D XI Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120kW Siemens-Halske Speed: 190km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Albatros Dr II Triplane fighter. Type: Dr II Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 145kW Benz IVB Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Albatros G I Prototype only. Type: G I Function: bomber Year: 1916 Crew: Engines: 4 * Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Albatros G II Smaller development of the G I. Few built. Type: G II Function: bomber Year: 1916 Crew: Engines: 2 * 110kW Benz Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Albatros G III Twin-engined medium bomber, developed from the G II. Few built. Albatros J I The J I used the wings of the C XII with a new, armoured fuselage. It was a popular ground-attack aircraft towards the end of WWI. Type: J I Function: attack Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 150kW Benz Bz IV Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: 3000m Range: 2h 30m Armament: 3*mg Albatros J II Improved J I. Few built. Albatros W 2 Naval fighter development of the C III. One built. Albatros W 4 A floatplane development of the Albatros D I. 118 built. Type: W 4 Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes D III Speed: 161km/h Ceiling: 3000m Range: 3h Armament: 2*mg Albatros W 5 Twin-engined torpedo bomber seaplane. 1917. Albatross, Grummand HU-16 SAR amphibian. Eight in German service. Alouette II, Aerospatiale SA 314 and SA 318 French observation and utility helicopter. Germany is one of its many users. An-26, Antonov Twelve ex-DDR An-26 continue in service with the forces of the reunited Germany. Alpha Jet, Dornier/Dassault-Breguet French/German jet trainer and strike aircraft. That is, the French version is a trainer, and the German one is primarly a strike aircraft, replacing the G.91. Type: Alpha Jet A Function: trainer / strike Year: 1977 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1350kg SNECMA/Turbomeca Lazrac O4-C5 Speed: M0.86 Ceiling: 15000m Range: 2780km Armament: 1*g27mm 2500kg Ar 64, Arado Single-seat biplane fighter of mixed construction. Small production for the then-illegal German air force. Type: Ar 64 Function: fighter Year: 1930 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 395kW Siemens Jupiter VI Speed: 250km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Ar 65, Arado Development of the Ar 64. This was the first combat aircraft of the new Luftwaffe. Type: Ar 65E Function: fighter Year: 1933 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 550kW BMW VI 7.3 Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: 7600m Range: Armament: 2*mg7.9mm Ar 66, Arado The Ar 66 equipped flying schools from 1933 until into WWII. Over 6000 built, maybe 10000. Seome were used as night harassments bomber on the eastern front. Type: Ar 66C Function: trainer / liaison Year: 1933 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 180kW Argus As10C Speed: 210km/h Ceiling: 4500m Range: 715km Armament: Ar 67, Arado Biplane fighter. One built. Ar 68, Arado The last biplane fighter of the Luftwaffe. The Ar 68 partly replaced the He 51, but was not a very good fighter. During WWII they were used as trainers, and a few operated a short period as night fighters. Type: Ar 68 Function: fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 510kW Junkers Jumo 210Ea Speed: 335km/h Ceiling: 8100m Range: 500km Armament: 2*mg7.92mm 6*b10kg Ar 76, Arado The Ar 76 was a lightweight home-defence fighter and advanced trainer. Few were built, preference being given to the Fw 56. Type: Ar 76A Function: fighter / trainer Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 150kW Argus As 10C-1 Speed: 267km/h Ceiling: 6400m Range: Armament: 1-2*mg7.9mm 3*b10kg Ar 79, Arado Low-wing cabin monoplane. Type: Ar 79 Function: liaison Year: 1938 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 80kW Hirth HM 504A-2 Speed: 230km/h Ceiling: 4500m Range: 1025km Armament: Ar 80, Arado Single-seat fighter with a disappointing performance. Three built. Type: Ar 80V2 Function: fighter Year: 1934 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 440kW Junkers Jumo 210C Speed: 415km/h Ceiling: 10000m Range: Armament: 2*mg7.9mm Ar 81, Arado Biplane dive bomber with a better performance than the early Ju 87, but at that time biplanes were considered obsolete. Three built. Type: Ar 81V3 Function: dive bomber Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 470kW Junkers Jumo 210Ca Speed: 345km/h Ceiling: 7700m Range: Armament: 2*mg7.9mm 1*b250kg Ar 95, Arado The Ar 95 began life as a torpedo floatplane, but proved unsuitable. Later wheeled versions were intended for carrier use. The Luftwaffe rejected it, but it was built for export. Type: Ar 95A-1 Function: reconaissance / torpedo-bomber Year: 1936 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 650kW BMW 132 Dc Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: 7300m Range: 1095km Armament: 2*mg7.9mm 700kg Ar 96, Arado Advanced trainer monoplane. At least 11546 built during WWII, and production continued in Czechoslovakia until 1948. Type: Ar 96B-5 Function: trainer / liaison Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 360kW Argus As 10MA-1 Speed: 330km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 990km Armament: 1*mg7.9mm Ar 195, Arado Development of the Ar-95 with wheeled landing gear for carrier use. Three built. Type: Ar 195 Function: reconaissance / torpedo bomber Year: Crew: Engines: 1 * Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ar 196, Arado The Ar 196 was a low-wing floatplane designed as shipboard catapult aircraft, developed from teh Ar 95. Later it was also used for shore-based duties, both reconaissance and anti-shipping operations. 546 built. Type: Ar 196A-3 Function: reconaissance Year: 1939 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 710kW BMW 132K Speed: 310km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 1070km Armament: 3-2*mg7.9mm 2*g20mm 100kg Ar 197, Arado Three built. A development of the Ar 68 intended for use on aircraft carriers. Type: Ar 197 Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 600kW BMW 132J Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ar 231, Arado The Ar 231 was a small reconaissance floatplane, build in easily detachable sections, to be stored on an U-boat. Performance and handling were bad. Six built. Type: Ar 231 Function: reconaissance Year: 1941 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120kW Hirth HM501 Wing Span: 33ft 4in Length: 25ft 7.5in Height: Wing Area: Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: 3000m Range: 310 miles Armament: Ar 232, Arado Transport aircraft. The Ar 232 had a short fuselage featuring loading doors; a slender boom carried the tail surfaces. It was known as 'Tausendfussler' because of the mulit-wheeled undercarriage used for loading; conventional tricycle landing gear was used for take-off and landing. 22 built. The first two prototypes were twin-engined. Type: Ar 232B-0 Function: transport Year: 1942 Crew: 4-5 Engines: 4 * 880kW BMW-Bramo 323R-2 Fafnir Speed: 307km/h Ceiling: 6900m Range: 1335km Armament: 1*g20mm 2-3*mg13mm Load: 4580kg Ar 234 Blitz, Arado The Ar 234 was the world's first jet bomber. It was a fairly orthodox, but very clean, high-wing design with a fully glazed nose. The prototypes used a trolley for take-off and had ski landing gear, but production aircraft had a wheeled undercarriage. Because of its high speed, the Ar 234 was the only German aircraft that could fly reconaissance or bombing missions in 1945. A few were converted to nightfighters. Despite its high speed, most of the B-version aircraft had fixed, backward-firing 20mm cannon in the tail, and a periscope sight on top of the cockpit. The experimental Ar 234C had four engines. The Ar 234 was a very effective aircraft, but too late to have any impact on the war. 274 built. Type: Ar 243B-2 Function: bomber Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 900kg Junkers Jumo 004B Wing Span: 14.41m Length: 12.64m Height: 4.29 Wing Area: 26.40m2 Empty Weight: 5200kg Max Weight: 9800kg Speed: 740km/h Ceiling: 10000m Range: 1630km Armament: 2*g20mm 1500kg Ar 240, Arado The Ar 240 was an angular twin-engined fighter and reconaissance aircraft. It had good performance, but handling characteristics were unacceptably bad. The Arado factory never managed to cure the faults of the advanced Ar 240 twin-engined fighter. Some were nevertheless used by the Luftwaffe, but in all the Ar 240 was a waste of time and money. An unusual feature were the ducted spinners for the engine cooling, and two remote-controlled barbettes with four machine guns on some aircraft. 15 built. Type: Ar 240C Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1300kW Daimler-Benz DB603A-2 Speed: 730km/h Ceiling: 10500m Range: 1870km Armament: 4*g20mm 4*mg13mm 1800kg Ar 296, Arado Development of the Ar 96. Not built. Ar 340, Arado Project for a high-altitude bomber. Abandoned in 1940. Ar 381 Kleinstjager, Arado This was a project for a small rocket-propelled interceptor, with the pilotlying prone. Ar 396, Arado Development of the Ar 96. Production continued in France after WWII. Type: Ar 396 Function: trainer Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 425kW Argus As 411A-1 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ar 432, Arado Mixed-contruxtion version of the Ar 232. Ar 440, Arado Development of the Ar 240, abandoned on favour of the Do 335. Four built. Arado SD.I Biplane fighter. 1928. Arado SD.II Biplane fighter. 1929. Arado SD.III Biplane fighter. 1929. Arado SSD.I Seaplane version of the SD.I. Atlantic, Breguet French twin-engined ASW aircraft. Germany ordered 24. Aviatik B I Unarmed reconaissance biplane. The observer sat in the front cockpit. The observer often carried a pistol or rifle; some were fitted with machineguns, but the observer had to leave his cockpit to fire it! Aviatik B II Biplane reconaissance aircraft. The observer sat in front of the pilot, and had a gun form 1915 onwards. The B II was smaller and had a better performance than the B I. Type: B II Function: reconaissance Year: 1914 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 88kW Mercedes D II Speed: 100km/h Ceiling: 6100m Range: 3h Armament: Aviatik C I Development of the B II. The observer was seated in front of the pilot, a practice that was reversed in later versions. Type: C I Function: reconaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes DIII Speed: 143km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 3h 30m Armament: 2*mg Aviatik C II Refined C I. Aviatik C III Refined C I. Aviatik C V Reconaissance biplane with 'gulled' upper wing and a 180hp Args As III engine. No production. Aviatik C VIII Reconaissance biplane, 1917. 160hp Mercedes D III engine. No production. Aviatik C IX Reconaissance biplane, 1918. 200hp Benz engine. Two built. Aviatik D I License-built Halberstadt D II. Type: D I Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 150kW Austro-Daimler Speed: 185km/h Ceiling: 6220m Range: 2h 30m Armament: 2*mg Aviatik D II Single-seat fighter biplane. One built. Type: D II Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Daimler D III Speed: 150km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Aviatik D III Single-seat biplane fighter. A small series was built, and considered superior to the Albatros D V. Type: D III Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 195hp Benz Bz IIIbo Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Aviatik D IV Development of the D III. Probably never flown. Aviatik D V Biplnae fighter. Probably never flown. Aviatik D VI Single-seat fighter biplane of 1918. The design was overtaken by the D VII. One built. Type: D VI Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1* Benz Bz IIIbm Speed: 188km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Aviatik D VII Single-seat biplane fighter. One built, flown in Oktober 1918. Type: D VII Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Benz Bz IIIbm Speed: 192km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Aviatik G I Twin-engined biplane bomber. 230hp Benz engines. No production. --B-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ba 349 Natter, Bachem The Na 349 was a small partly-expendable rocket-engined fighter. It was launched from a vertical ramp. After firing its the rockets in the nose the aircraft was pilot and engine were to be recoverd by parachute. Only tests flights were made, but the Ba 349 was put on operational stutus in April 1945. 36 built. Type: Ba 349B-1 Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2000kg Walter HWK 509C-1 Speed: 997km/h Ceiling: 14000m Range: 58km Armament: 24*r73mm or 33*r55mm Bauer In 1763 Melchior Bauer designed the first 'bomber'. It was to carry a pilot and 45kg of bombs; the pilot was to flap the two wings. Bell 47 45 of this US helicopter bought by Germany. In service for 17 years. Bf 108 Taifun, Messerschmitt This cabin monoplane shared many characteristics with the Bf 109 fighter. It was a cabin monoplane of advanced design. 887 were built until the end of WWII, postwar production in France not included. Type: Bf 108B Function: trainer / liaison Year: 1934 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 175kW Argus As 10C Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: 4800m Range: 950km Armament: 3 seats Bf 109, Messerschmitt The Bf 109 was the Luftwaffe's standard fighter throughout WWII, and the production of the Bf 109 was larger than that of any other fighter. It was a quite revolutionary design, the smallest aircraft that could be built around a powerful engine. Advantages were good performance, handling and simple construction; disadvantages were restricted vision, bad landing characteristics, and the inability to carry heavy armament without adverse affects on handling. The E was one of the best fighters in the world, on a par with the Spitfire; the F was a fine fighter with limited armament; the G suffered from detoriated handling. The K was the last series-produced. Some extreme developments, elongated, with longer wings and Jumo engines, never reached service. Projects to replace the 109 all failed. Approx 35000 built. Czechoslovakaia and Spain continued production of developments after WWII. Type: Bf 109E-3 Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 865kW Daimler-Benz DB601Aa Speed: 560km/h Ceiling: 10500m Range: 660km Armament: 2*g20mm 2*mg7.9mm Type: Bf 109G-10 Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1080kW Daimler-Benz DB605AM Speed: 620km/h Ceiling: 11150m Range: 1000km Armament: 1*g30mm 2*mg13mm Bf 109TL, Messerschmitt This was a twin-engined jet fighter design that used parts of the Me 155, Me 309, Me 409 and Bf 109. It was dranwn up as a backup for the Me 262 and quickly abandoned. Bf 109Z, Messerschmit Two Bf 109 fuselages joined by a new central wing were the basis for the Bf 109Z (Zwiling, twin). The prototype was destroyed by air attack before it could be flown. The project was discontinued becasue the Me262 held more promise. Type: Bf 109Z-1 Function: fighter Year: (1942) Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * Speed: 743km/h Ceiling: 11700m Range: Armament: 8*g30mm Bf 110, Messerschmitt The Bf 110 was a heavy twin-engined fighter. Its use as escort fighter during the Battle of Britain was disastrous, because the Bf 110 was too vulnerable in a dogfight with single-engined fighters. But it had a good record as interceptor, fighter-bomber and especially as nightfighter. 6100 built. Type: Bf 110C-4 Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 2-3 Engines: 2 * 821kW Daimler-Benz DB601A-1 Wing Span: 16.27m Length: 12.65m Height: 3.5m Wing Area: 38.40m2 Empty Weight: 5200kg Max.Weight: 6750kg Speed: 560km/h Ceiling: 10000m Range: 1120km Armament: 5*g7.9mm 2*g20mm Bf 162, Messerschmitt Unsuccesfull competitor for the Ju 88. Bf 163, Messerschmitt High-wing STOL monoplane, a design competing with the Fi 156 and similar in layout. One built. Bo 46, MBB Experimenal helicopter. 1962. Three built. Bo 105, MBB Utility and anti-tank helicopter. Type: Bo 105CB Function: utility Year: 1975 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 313kW Allison 250-C20B Speed: 245km/h Ceiling: Range: 1000km Load: 4 seats Boeing 707 Four of this US airliner in use as long-range and VIP transports. Brandenburg KDW Seaplane fighter, designed by E. Heinkel for the defense of seaplane bases. 146 built. Type: KDW Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120kW Maybach MbIII Speed: 171km/h Ceiling: 3500m Range: 2h 30m Armament: 1-2*mg Brandenburg W 12 Two-seat biplane, used for the defense of seaplane bases or rconaissance. The W 12 could hold its own against single-seat fighters. Type: W 12 Function: reconaissance fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes D III Speed: 161km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 3h 30m Armament: 1-2*mg Brandenburg W 19 Similar to the W 12, but much larger. The W 19 was often used to seek targets for the W 12. 58 built. Type: W 19 Function: reconaissance Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 190kW Maybach Mb IV Speed: 150km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 5h Armament: 3*mg Brandenburg W 20 Single-seat flying boat. The W 20 was intended to operate from submarines. Three built. Type: W 20 Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Brandenburg W 29 Big monoplane fighter on twin floats. The W 29 was very succesful. Type: W 29 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 110kW Benz Bz III Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 4h Armament: 2-3*mg Bu 131 Jungmann, Bucker Biplane initial trainer, also used as night harassement bomber on the eastern front. Production continued postwar. Type: Bu 131 Function: trainer Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 78kW Hirth HM 504A-2 Wing Span: 7.410m Length: 6.60m Height: 2.25m Wing Area: 13.50m Empty Weight: 390kg Max.Weight: 680kg Speed: 183km/h Ceiling: 3000m Range: 650km Armament: Bu 133 Jungmeister, Bucker The Bu 133 is an fully-aerobatic trainer biplane. It was based on the Bu 131, but was a single-seater with more powerful engine. Many are still flying. Type: Bu 133C Function: trainer Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120kW Siemens Sh 14A-4 Wing Span: 6.60m Length: 6.00m Height: 2.20m Wing Area: 12m2 Empty Weight: 425kg Max.Weight: 585kg Speed: 220km/h Ceiling: 4500m Range: 500km Armament: Bu 181 Bestmann, Bucker The Bu 181 was a cabin monoplane, used as trainer, liaison aircraft, glider tug and light transport. Postwar production in Czechoslovakia and Egypt. Type: Bu 181A Function: trainer Year: 1939 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 78kW Hirth HM 504A Wing Span: 10.60m Length: 7.85m Height: 2.05m Wing Area: 13.50m2 Empty Weight: 480kg Max.Weight: 750kg Speed: 215km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 800km Armament: Bv 40, Blohm und Voss The Bv 40 was a well-armoured glider interceptor, intended for diving head-on attacks on bomber formations. Seven built. The idea was abandoned in 1944. Type: Bv 40A Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 0 * Speed: 900km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*g30mm Bv 138, Blohm und Voss The Bv 138 flying boat had a clog-shaped fuselage with a high-set wing, the latter carrying twin tail booms. After initial problems it became a well-liked and succesfull aircraft. 279 built. Type: Bv 138C-1 Function: reconaissance Year: 1940 Crew: 5 Engines: 3 * 650kW Junkers Jumo 205D Speed: 285km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 4295km Armament: 2*g20mm 1*mg13mm 0-1*mg7.9mm 300kg Bv 141, Blohm und Voss The Bv 141 was a very unusual, assymetric aircraft. A extensively glazed nacelle was fitted to the left of a slender tail boom. This gave the desired good vision. The Bv 141A (with symmetrical tailplane) was an excellent aircraft but the RLM rejected it as underpowered. The Bv 141B (with assymetrical tailplane) had some handling problems. 13 built. Type: Bv 141 Function: reconaissance Year: 1940 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 635kW BMW 132N Speed: 400km/h Ceiling: 9000m Range: 1140km Armament: 4*mg7.9mm 4*b50kg Bv 142, Blohm und Voss Landplane development of the pre-war Ha 139 mailplane. The Bv 142 had the same inverted gull wing and twin tails fins, but with a transparant nose, radial engines and a belly gunner position. Intended as a long-range reconaissance aircraft, it saw little service. Four built. Type: Bv 142V1 Function: reconaissance / transport Year: 1939 Crew: 6 Engines: 4 * 650kW BMW 132H-1 Speed: 442km/h Ceiling: 9000m Range: 3900km Armament: 5*mg7.9mm 4*b100kg Bv 143, Blohm und Voss The Bv 143 was an early anti-ship missile. Launched as a glide bomb, it stabilized horizontally above the water, and then a rocket engine was started to hit the target just above water level. The mechanism to stabilize the Bv 143 was never perfected. Bv 144, Blohm und Voss High-wing transport built in occupied France. Two built. The Bv 144 had a variable incidence wing, turning round a tubular spar. Type: Bv 144 Function: transport Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 1170kW BMW 810MA Speed: Ceiling: Range: Load: 18-23 seats Bv 155, Blohm und Voss Development of the Me 155. The Bv 155 was an ugly, but effective high-altitude fighter with a laminar flow wing. The V1, V2 and V3 prototypes were outwardly very different, mainly by relocation of the radiators. A contract for 30 production aircraft was issued in the finals days of WWII. Type: Bv 155V2 Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1185kW Daimler-Benz DB603A Speed: 690km/h Ceiling: 16950m Range: Armament: Bv 222 Wiking, Blohm und Voss The Bv 222 was a big flying boat, the largest to see service in WWII. It was a six-engined shoulder wing aircraft, originally designed for a transatlantic passenger service. The Bv 222 had a revolutionary hull with a 8.5:1 length/beam ratio, and split retractable stabilizing floats. Only 13 were built; they were operated as transports and later as maritime patrol aircraft. Type: Bv 222C Function: transport / reconaissance Year: 1943 Crew: 11 Engines: 6 * 740kW Junkers Jumo 207C Wing Span: 46m Length: 37m Height: 10.90m Wing Area: 255m2 Empty Weight: 30650kg Max.Weight: 49000kg Speed: 390km/h Ceiling: 7300m Range: 6100km Armament: 3*g20mm 5*mg13mm Load: 110 seats Bv 237, Blohm und Voss Fighter/bomber project, cancelled in 1944. A mixed-power version was planned. Type: Bv 237 Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1700hp BMW 801D Speed: 579km/h Ceiling: Range: 2000km Armament: 2*g30mm 2*g20mm 2*g13.2mm Bv 238, Blohm und Voss The BV 238 was a big flying boat, and the heaviest aircraft in the world when it first flew. Originally intended for Lufthansa after the war; but when it became clear in 1941 that the war would not be over soon it was converted for the military. It was a si-engined, shoulder-wing aircraft with retractable stabilizing floats. The single prototype was destroyed on the Schaal lake in 1944. Type: Bv 238V1 Function: reconaissance Year: 1945 Crew: 10 Engines: 6 * 1305kW Daimler-Benz DB603V Wing Span: 60.17m Length: 43.50m Height: 13.40m Wing Area: 365m2 Empty Weight: 50800kg Max.Weight: 80000kg Speed: 425km/h Ceiling: Range: 6100km Armament: Bv 246 Hagelkorn, Blohm und Voss Guided missile, a slender winged bomb with radio control. Approx 1100 built, but never used. Bv 250, Blohm und Voss Landplane bomber version of the Bv 238. Not built. Type: Bv 250 Function: bomber Year: Crew: Engines: 6 * 1800hp Daimler-Benz DB603 Speed: Ceiling: Range: 12400mls Armament: 12*g20mm 44100lb --C-------------------------------------------------------------------------- C.160, Transall Medium transport, a French/German cooperation project. Germany bought 110. Type: C.160 Function: transport Year: 1968 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 4500kW R.R. Tyne RTy20 Mk 22 Speed: 536km/h Ceiling: 8500m Range: 4560km Load: 16000kg, 63 seats CH-53, Sikorsky US-designed heavy transport helicopter. The 110 German are license-built by VFW-Fokker. CM 170 Magister, Potez Straight-wing jet trainer of French design. The Magister was chosen as standard NATO trainer in 1954, the Luftwaffe ordered 260. Most of them were assembled in Germany. --D-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Daimler D I See Daimler L6. Daimler L6 Single-seat biplane fighter, 1918. One 185hp Daimler IIIb engine. No production. Daimler L 11 Parasol monoplane. 185hp Daimler D IIIb engine. DFS 39 Delta IVc Experimental tailless aircraft. The DFS 39 had a 'moon crestcent' wing, a rdaial engine and fixed landing gear. Type: DFS 39 Delta IVc Function: experimental Year: 1936 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 75hp Pobjoy R Speed: Ceiling: Range: DFS 40 Experimental two-seat tailless aircraft, powered by a 100hp Argus pusher engine. DFS 193 Two-seat tailless reconaissance aircraft. Not built. DFS 194 Experimental tailless aircraft. The DFS 194 was designed for a conventional 100hp Argus pusher engine, but was converted to use a rocket engine. The DFS 194 was superficially similar to the Me 163, but the latter was an all-new design. Type: DFS 194 Function: experimental Year: 1936 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 400kg Walter I-203 Speed: 550km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: DFS 228 High-altitude, air-launched reconaissance aircraft with a rocket engine, in development in 1945. Claimed are a ceiling of 20000m, a speed of 1000km/h, and a range of 720km -- but no DFS 228 survived the war, and few documents. DFS 230 The DFS 230 was the main equipment of the German airborne units, and it was used in the famous attacks on the Belgian fortress Eben-Emael, on Crete and to liberate Mussolini. Type: DFS 230B-1 Function: assault glider Year: 1937 Crew: 2 Engines: 0 * Speed: 290km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 3*mg7.9mm Load: 8 seats DFS 332 Twin-fusleage high-speed glider developed for testing wing sections. Prototype never completed. DFS 346 A 1945 design for an aircraft with two 4400kb Walter rocket engines, swept wings and a prone piot position. It had an estimated top speed of Mach 2.6 at 30500m. Reportedly, the incomplete prototype was captured by the USSR and test flown, with one of the original interned B-29's as launch aircraft. D.F.W. B I Reconaissance biplane with elegantly curves wings, reminiscent of the 'Taube'. The B I was a stable aircraft, and easy to fly. Type: B I Function: reconaissance Year: 1914 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 75kW Mercedes Speed: 120km/h Ceiling: 3000m Range: 4h Armament: D.F.W. B II Development of the B I. Mainly used for training. D.F.W. C I Armed development of the B I / B II series. Type: C I Function: reconaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 110kW Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg D.F.W. C II Improved C I. D.F.W. C IV Reconaissance biplane, 1916. Widely operated. D.F.W. C V More powerful development of the C IV. This was considered one of the best German reconaissance aircraft of WWI. The C V could outmaneuvre many allied fighters, and set a world altitude record in 1919. Over 1000 were built. Type: C V Function: biplane Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 150kW Benz Bz IV Speed: 155km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 4h 30m Armament: 2*mg 100kg D.F.W. D II Fighter biplane, 1918. No production. D.F.W. R I Bomber. Four Mercedes D IV engines were fitted inside the fuselage, driving two pusher and two tractor propellers. 1916 D.F.W. R II R I with 260hp Mercedes D IVa engines. Djinn, SO.1221 French light helicopter. Five in German use. DM-1, Lippisch Research glider. The small DM-1 had pure delta shape, with a very large tailfin, the base of which incorporated the cockpit. Do 11, Dornier The Do 11 was an early heavy bomber of the (still secret) luftwaffe. It didn't have a good record, and the rectractable undercarriage was often locked down to avoid problems. Carrying Lufthansa markings and civil registrations, it was flown by the trainee bomber pilots. Type: Do 11D Function: bomber Year: 1934 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 480kW Siemens Sh 22B-2 Speed: 260km/h Ceiling: 4100m Range: 960km Armament: 3*mg7.9mm 1000kg Do 13, Dornier Development of the Do 11. Type: Do 13a Function: bomber Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 550kW BMW VI Speed: Ceiling: 10500ft Range: 7500km Armament: Do 15 Wal, Dornier The Wal was one of the most famous flying boats of the interbellum. It had a metall hull with open cockpit, a high-set wing on struts, and two engines in a tandem installation. There were many civil and military users of the Wal. The Do 15 or Wal-33 was the ultimate version, for the Luftwaffe. From 1938 it was replaced by the Do 18. Type: Do 15 Function: reconaissance Year: 1934 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 550kW BMW VI 7.3 Speed: 230km/h Ceiling: 3000m Range: 1900km Armament: 3*mg7.9mm 200kg Do 17, Dornier The Do 17 was designed as a fast mailplane. The Lufthansa refused to accept it; but a bomber development was quickly designed and put into service. The Do 17 was used as a bomber and reconaissance aircraft. It adavantages were speed and a sturdy contruction; but it wasn't fast enough to escape fighters and poorly armed. Type: Do 17E-1 Function: bomber Year: 1937 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 550kW BMW VI 7.3 Speed: 355km/h Ceiling: 5100m Range: 1590km Armament: 2*mg7.9mm 750kg Type: Do 17Z-2 Function: bomber Year: 1939 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 746kW BWM Bramo 323P Fafnir Wing Span: 18.00m Length: 15.80m Height: 4.50m Wing Area: 55m2 Empty Weight: 5210kg Max.Weight: 8590kg Speed: 410km/h Ceiling: 8200m Range: 1160km Armament: 6*mg7.9mm 1000kg Do 18, Dornier The Do 18 was designed as a long-range mailplane to replace the Wal, and built along the same lines:a flying boat with an high-set wing and two engines in a tandem arrangment. It had large range and good handling, but was vulnerable to fighters. It was used as a SAR and reconaissance aircraft by the Luftwaffe. 152 built. Type: Do 18G-1 Function: reconaissance Year: 1938 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 650kW Junkers Jumo 205D Wing Span: 23.70m Length: 19.25m Height: 5.35m Wing Area: 98m2 Empty Weight: 5850kg Max.Weight: 10000kg Speed: 265km/h Ceiling: 4200m Range: 3500km Armament: 1*g20mm 1*mg13mm 100kg Do 19, Dornier The Do 19 was an early attempt to build a four-engined heavy bomber. Development was abandoned after the Death of general Wever in 1936. One built. Type: Do 19V1 Function: bomber Year: 1936 Crew: 9 Engines: 4 * 525kW Bramo 322H-2 Speed: 315km/h Ceiling: 5600m Range: 1600km Armament: 2*mg7.9mm 2*g20mm 3000kg Do 22, Dornier The Do 22 was a sesquiplane floatplane, not built for the Luftwaffe but sold to Greece, Finland and Yugoslavia. 31 built. Type: Do 22 Function: reconaissance / torpedo bomber Year: 1935 Crew: 2-3 Engines: 1 * 630kW Hispano Suiza 12Ybrs Wing Span: 16.20m Length: 13.12m Height: 4.85m Wing Area: 45m2 Empty Weight: 2600kg Max.Weight: 4000kg Speed: 350km/h Ceiling: 9000m Range: 2300km Armament: 2-4*mg7.9mm 800kg Do 23, Dornier Development of the Do 13, already retired from service in 1936. 210 built. Type: Do 23G Function: bomber Year: 1936 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 550kW BMW VI U Speed: 260km/h Ceiling: 4200m Range: 1350km Armament: 3*mg7.9mm 1000kg Do 24, Dornier The Do 24 was designed for a Dutch requirement. It was an elegant flying boat with a high wing on struts and twin tailfins. Flying characteristics were excellent, and the Do 24 could operate from rough seas. After the occupation of the Netherlands in 1940, production continued for the Luftwaffe. Production also continued postwar and some were still in service in the 1970's. 294 built. Type: Do 24T-1 Function: reconaissance Year: 1941 Crew: 4-5 Engines: 3 * 740kW BMW Bramo 323R-2 Wing Span: 27m Length: 21.95m Height: 5.75m Wing Area: 108m2 Empty Weight: 9200kg Max.Weight: 18400kg Speed: 340km/h Ceiling: 7500m Range: 4750km Armament: 2*mg7.92mm 1*g20mm 600kg Do 25, Dornier Precursor of the Do 27. The Do 25 was built in Spain, because aircraft production in Germany was forbidden immediately after WWII. Do 26, Dornier The Do 26 was an elegant gull-winged flying boat with its four engines in two tandem arrangments. It was was originally intended as a transatlantic mailplane, with the ability to refuel at motherships on sea and to be catapult-launched. Six built. Type: Do 26D-0 Function: reconaissance Year: 1938 Crew: 4 Engines: 4 * 650kW Junkers jumo 205D Speed: 320km/h Ceiling: 4800m Range: 8000km Armament: 1*g20mm 3*mg7.9mm Do 27, Dornier High-wing utility aircraft, developed in Spain. Approx 1020 built. Type: Do 27A Function: utility / trainer Year: 1956 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 200kW Lycoming GSO-480-B1A6 Wing Span: 12.00m Length: 9.60m Height: 2.80m Wing Area: 19.40m2 Empty Weight: 1130kg Max.Weight: 1850kg Speed: 250km/h Ceiling: 5500m Range: 870km Load: 4 seats Do 28, Dornier Twin-engined utility aircraft, in fact a twin-engined development of the Do-27. The Do-28D Skyservant is a complete redesign, and much larger. Type: Do 28B-1 Function: transport Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 216kW Lycoming IO-540-A Wing Span: 13.80m Length: 9.00m Height: 2.80m Wing Area: 22.40m2 Empty Weight: 1730kg Max.Weight: 2720kg Speed: 290km/h Ceiling: 6300m Range: 1235km Load: 6-7 seats Do 29, Dornier Experimental STOL aircraft, a much-modified Do 27 with two pusher propellers. Do 31, Dornier The Do 31 was an experimental VTOL transport. Two pods with lift engines were fitted at the wingstips; two R.R. Pegasus engines with swivelling nozzles were fitted under the wing. Type: Do 31E-3 Function: experimental Year: 1967 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 7000kg R.R. Bristol Pegasus 5-2 8 * 2000kg R.R. RB 162-4D Speed: 650km/h Ceiling: 10500m Range: Load: 36 seats Do 128, Dornier Development of the Do 28D Skyservant. Type: Do 128-2 Function: transport Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 283kW Avco Lycoming IGSO-540-A1E Wing Span: 15.55m Length: 11.41m Height: 3.90m Wing Area: 29m2 Empty Weight: 2345kg Max.Weight: 3840kg Speed: 325km/h Ceiling: 7680m Range: 640km Load: 10 seats Do 214, Dornier Design for a big long-range flying boat. Cancelled. Do 215, Dornier The Do 215 was a version of the Do 17Z with DB 601 engines, originally intended for export. The Do 215 was delivered to the Luftwaffe in night bomber and nightfighter versions. Type: Do 215B-4 Function: bomber Year: 1939 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 790kW Daimler Benz DB 601A Speed: 525km/h Ceiling: 9100m Range: 2500km Armament: 6*mg7.9mm 1000kg Do 217, Dornier The Do 217 was an all-new design, only superficially similar to the Do 17. It was a much more capable bomber, but the dive-bombing requirement had to be dropped. The Do 217J and N were nightfighter versions, but the Do 217 was not very suitable for this role. Late models had a fully glazed, unstepped nose, and were equipped with guided bombs. 1750 built. Type: Do 217E-2 Function: bomber Year: 1940 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 1160kW BMW 810ML Speed: 515km/h Ceiling: 7500m Range: 2300km Armament: 1*g15mm 2*mg13mm 5*mg7.9mm 4000kg Do 317, Dornier Medium bomber, developed from the Do 217. One built, six converted to Do 217R on the production line. Type: Do 317V1 Function: bomber Year: 1943 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 1290kW Daimler-Benz DB603A Speed: 530km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Do 335 Pfeil, Dornier The Do 335 employed a novel engine arrangment, with one engine in the nose and one behind the wing, the latter driving a propeller in the extreme tail. The Do 335 was a fast and powerful aircraft, but not more than 28 were completed before the end of WWII. There were single-seat fighter-bomber and two-seat nightfighter versions. Type: Do 335A-1 Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 1305kW Daimler-Benz DB603A-2 Wing Span: 13.80m Length: 13.85m Height: 5.00m Wing Area: 38.50m2 Empty Weight: 7400kg Max.Weight: 9600kg Speed: 770km/h Ceiling: 11400m Range: 1380km Armament: 1*g30mm 2*g20mm 1000kg Do 435, Dornier Project for a reengined Do 335. Do 635, Dornier Project for a twin-fuselage fighter, using the fuselages of the Do 335. Do C3, Dornier See Do 22. Do F, Dornier See Do 11. Do J Wal, Dornier The Wal was one of the best flying boats of the period between the world wars. It was originally built in Italy, because the Versailles treaty did not allow aircraft production in Germany. The Wal was a sturdy all-metal flying boat of clean design, with two engines in a tandem arrangment on the center section of the high-set wing. Over 320 built, in numerous different versions. Type: Do J Function: transport Year: 1922 Crew: Engines: 2 * 600hp BMW VI Speed: 225km/h Ceiling: Range: 2200km Armament: Do N, Dornier The Do N was virtually a land versino of the Wal. Sponson were eliminated, wheels added. It was built in Japan, and known there as the Ka 87. 28 built. Type: Do N Function: bomber Year: 1926 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 365kW BMW VI Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: 9000ft Range: 6h Armament: 1000kg Do P, Dornier The Do P was a bomber with four 510hp Bristol Jupiter engines in two tandem nacelles on top of the wing. 1930. Two built. Type: Do P Function: bomber Year: 1930 Crew: 5-6 Engines: 4 * 510hp Bristol Jupiter Speed: 210km/h Ceiling: 3050m Range: 1000km Armament: Do Y, Dornier Medium bomber. The Do Y had a high-set wing and and three engines, two on the wing leading edge and the third on struts above the wing. Few built. Type: Do Y Function: bomber Year: 1931 Crew: Engines: 3 * Siemens Jupiter VI Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: 6500m Range: 1500km Armament: Dornier D I Biplane fighter of advanced design, with cantilever wings. A wing failure during trials ended hopes for the D I. Type: D I Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 135kW BMW Speed: 201km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Dornier Rs I Large biplane flying boat. With a wing span of 43.5m, this was in 1918 the largest aircraft ever built. Type: Rs I Function: reconaissance Year: Crew: Engines: 3 * 240hp Maybach Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Dornier Rs III Flying boat. The Rs III was a monoplane, with the wing fitted high on struts above the engine; the tailboom was fitted on top of the wing. Type: Rs III Function: reconaissance Year: 1917 Crew: Engines: 4 * 245hp Maybach Mb IVa Speed: 135km/h Ceiling: 2000m Range: 12h Armament: 3*mg Dornier Rs IV Development of the Rs III. The Rs IV was completed as a civil airliner. Type: Rs IV Function: reconaissance Year: Crew: Engines: 4 * 245hp Maybach Mb IVa Speed: 138km/h Ceiling: 1400m Range: 10h Armament: --E-------------------------------------------------------------------------- E 381, Arado Project for a parasite fighter, to be carried by the Ar 234C. EF 127, Junkers Project for a rocket-engined point-defence interceptor. Cancelled. EF 130, Junkers Project for a four-engined flying wing jet bomber, 1945. Four jet engines were to be close together on top of the mid aft section; the outer wing panels were wooden. A speed of 625mph and a range of 3700 miles were calculated. Elster B, Putzer High-wing cabin monoplane. Etrich A II Taube The Taube was designed in 1910 by the Austrian I. Etrich. He didn't object to the copying of his design by other manufacturers. The Taube in one of its many forms was the most numerous German aircraft in the first year of WWI. The name was due to the elegantly curved wings. Type: A II Taube Function: reconaissance Year: 1912 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 100hp Mercedes Speed: 59mph Ceiling: 9800ft Range: Euler D Single-set fighter biplane. No production. --F-------------------------------------------------------------------------- F-4 Phantom II, McDonnell Douglas The Luftwaffe purchased 263 of this big US fighter. F.13, Junkers Directly after WWI Junkers began the design of the first all-metal monoplane civil transport, the F.13. It was based on the all-metal warplanes that Junkers had built during WWI. The F.13 was built with a variety of in-line and radial engines, with wheels, skis or floats. The 322 built included 60 or 70 subversions. A number were in use as military transport. As late as 1943, some were in service on the Eastern front. Type: F.13da Year: 1919 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 280hp Junkers L2 Wing Span: 17.75m Length: 9.60m Height: Wing Area: 44.0m2 Empty Weight: 1150kg Max Weight: 1730kg Speed: 171km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 950km Load: 4 seats F-84F Thunderstreak, Republic The post-war Luftwaffe received 450 of this US-built swept-wing jet fighter and 108 of the RF-84F Thunderflash photo-recce version. F-104 Starfighter, Lockheed The USAF quickly abandoned the basic F-104 interceptor on favour of heavier fighters. For Germany the F-104G all-round version of the Starfighter was developed, and this became standard equipment for many European air forces. Germany received 463. Fa 61, Focke-Achelis The Fa 61 was probably the first workable helicopter. It used a Fw 44 fuselage with twin rottors on outriggers. Hanna Reitsch flew the Fa 61 indoors, in the 'Deutschlandhalle' in Berlin. Two built. Type: Fa 61 Function: experimental helicopter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: * hp Bramo Sh 14A Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Fa 223 Drache, Focke-Achelis Twin-rotor transport helicopter. The two rotors were fitted to outriggers, and a T-tail was employed. Only a few reached service before the end of WWII, because the factories were repeatedly destroyed by allied bombing. Development continued in France after WWII. Type: Fa 223E Function: helicopter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 735kW Bramo Fafnir 323D-3 Wing Span: 24.4m Length: 12.2m Height: Wing Area: 116.5m2 Empty Weight: 2900kg Max.Weight: 4200kg Speed: 200km/h Ceiling: 4875m Range: 700km Armament: 1*mg7.9mm 2*b250kg Load: 5 seats Fa 266 Hornisse, Focke-Achelis Development of Fa 223. Fa 269, Focke-Achelis Project for a twin-rotor convertiplane. The rotors were to swivel to the vertical for landing and take-off, then rotated to act as pusher propellers in forward flight. Strangely enough, it was planned for the rotors to be rotated downwards for take-off and landing, so a very stalky undercarriage was needed. Initiated in 1941. Fa 284, Focke-Achelis Crane helicopter design, 1943. Never built. Type: Fa 284 Function: crane helicopter Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * BMW 801 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 15000kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Fa 269, Focke-Achelis Convertiplane VTOL -- the wingtip rotors could be tilted from horiontal (for take off) to vertical (for foward flight.) Never built. Fa 325, Facoke-Achelis Rotorglider. The Fa 325 had the fuselage of the DFS 230 glider with a three-balded rotor. No production. Fa 330 Bachstelze, Focke-Achelis This was a rotor kite, towed behind an U-boat to increase its vision range. The scheme was abandoned because it cost too much time to recover it and the observer on it when the U-boat was attacked. Type: Fa 330 Function: observation Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 0 * Wing Span: 7.3m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 25km/h Ceiling: 125m Range: Fantrainer, RFB A little trainer powered by a large fan that forms part of the aft fuselage and is driven by a piston engine. Was tested as possible replacement for the P.149. FGP 227 Reduced-scale flying model of the Bv 238. The FGP 227 had six 15.7kW engines; it produced no data for the Bv 238 program. Fh 104 Hallore, Siebel Light transport. 48 built. Type: Fh 104A Function: liaison Year: 1937 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 205kW Hirth HM 508C Speed: 350km/h Ceiling: 6600m Range: Load: 4 seats Fi 98, Fieseler Biplane dive bomber that received little support. Two built. Type: Fi 98a Function: dive bomber Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 480kW BMW 132A-3 Speed: 295km/h Ceiling: 9000m Range: 295km/h Armament: 2*mg7.9mm 4*b50kg Fi 103 Reichenberg, Fieseler This was a manned version of the V-1 flying bomb. The pilot was supposed to bale out after aiming the aircraft, but his chances to actually do this were poor. 175 built, but never operationally used. Type: Fi 103 Function: attack Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 350kg Argus As 014 Wing Span: 5.72m Length: 8.00m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 650km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 900kg Fi 156 Storch, Fieseler The fragile-looking Fi 156 was a much admired STOL liaison aircraft. 2549 built. The design was copied by the USSR and Japan, and production continued postwar in France and Czechoslovakia. Type: Fi 156C-2 Function: liaison / observation Year: 1938 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 180kW Argus As 10C-3 Wing Span: 14.25m Length: 9.90m Height: 3.05m Wing Area: 26m2 Empty Weight: 930kg Max.Weight: 1325kg Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: 4600m Range: 385km Armament: 1*mg7.92mm Fi 167, Fieseler The Fi 167 biplane was a shipboard attack aircraft, intended for the German aircraft carriers. It had remarkable STOL performance, but was considered obsolete and replaced by a version of the Ju 87. Twelve built. Type: Fi 167A-0 Function: attack / reconaissance Year: 1938 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 810kW Daimler-Benz DB601B Speed: 320km/h Ceiling: 8200m Range: 1500km Armament: 2*mg7.9mm 1000kg Fi 256, Fieseler Enlarged Fi 156. Cancelled. Type: Fi 256 Function: liaison Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Argus As 10P Speed: Ceiling: Range: Load: 4 seats Fi 333, Fieseler Twin-engined utility monoplane design, with a detachable fuselage pod. Never built. FiSk 199, Fieseler-Skoda This was a 1942 development of the Bf 109 intended to carry a 500kg bomb. To have enough ground clearance, an auxiliary, jettisonable, undercarriage leg was fitted just behind the cockpit. Probably no more than two built. Type: FiSk 199 Function: Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Daimler-Benz DB605A Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*b500kg 2*mg Fl 185, Flettner Experimental helicopter. The Fl 165 had a single rotor and two pusher propellers on outriggers. For take-off the rotor was driven and the propellers were used to to counteract torque; for forward flight the rotor uncoupled and the Fl 185 was flown as an autogiro. Type: Fl 185 Function: experimental Year: 1936 Crew: Engines: 1 * 105kW Siemens-Halske Sh 14A Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Fl 265, Flettner Helicopter with two-bladed intermeshing rotors. The Fl 265 had a radial engine in the nose, and an enclosed cabin for the pilot. Ordered in production in 1940. It was the first helicopter to receive a production order, but after six had been built it was cancelled in favour of the more advanced Fl 282. Type: Fl 265 Function: reconaissance Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 110kW Siemens Sh 14A Rotor Span: 12.30m Length: Height: Disc Area: 237.65m2 Empty Weight: 800kg Max.Weight: 1000kg Speed: 160km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Fl 282 Kolibri, Flettner The Fl 282 was the most developed of all WWII helicopters. Large orders were placed, but production was cut short by allied bombers. The Fl 282 had twin intermeshing rotors, and was intended for shipboard operations. Only about 20 prototypes reached service. Only 24 built. Type: Fl 282B Function: obersvation Year: 1941 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 110kW Siemens Halske Sh 14A Rotor Span: 11.96m Length: 9.56m Height: 2.20m Disc Area: 224.7m2 Empty Weight: 639kg Max.Weight: 1000kg Speed: 150km/h Ceiling: 4120m Range: 300km Fl 339, Flettner The Fl 339 helciopter was little more than a powered platform for two crewmen with back-to-back seats, a rotor and a tail. No production. Type: Fl 339 Function: observation Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 175kW Argus As 10C Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Fokker A I Monoplane trainer and observation aircarft. 1914. Fokker B I Biplane reconaissance and trainer, built for Austria. 1915. Fokker B III Biplane reconaissance aircraft. Approx 30 built. Type: B III Function: reconaissance Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Fokker C.I Biplane reconaissance aircraft, very obviously a development of the D.VII fighter. The C.I was too late to enter service with the German air force. After the end of WWI, Anthony Fokker managed to transfer a number of aircraft and spare parts to the Netherlands. 250 were built, including 42 for the Soviet air force and 62 for the Dutch air force. Type: C-1 Country: Netherlands Function: reconaissance Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 138kW BMW IIIa Wing Span: 10.50m Length: 7.23m Height: 2.87m Wing Area: 26.25m2 Empty Weight: 855kg Max.Weight: 1255kg Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 620km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 4*b12.5kg Fokker D I Fighter biplane, seriously underpowered. About 130 built. Type: D I Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 90kW Mercedes DII Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Fokker D II Similar to the D I, but a bit smaller. The engine was much lighter than that of the D I. The D II had better performance, but it was still insufficient. Type: D II Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 75kW Oberursel U.I Wing Span: 9.05m Length: 6.30m Height: 2.25m Wing Area: 20m2 Empty Weight: 425kg Max.Weight: 710kg Speed: 150km/h Ceiling: 4700m Range: 1.5hr Armament: 1-2*mg7.92mm Fokker D III Development of the D II with a strengthened fuselage, D I wings, and a two-row rotary engine. Total production of the D II and D III was 291. Type: D III Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120kW Oberursel U III Wing Span: 9.05m Length: 6.30m Height: 2.25m Wing Area: 20m2 Empty Weight: 452kg Max.Weight: 710kg Speed: 160km/h Ceiling: 4725m Range: 1h 30m Armament: 1-2*mg7.92mm Fokker D IV Improved D I, slightly larger and with more powerful engine. Type: D IV Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes DIII Wing Span: 9.70m Length: 6.30m Height: 2.45m Wing Area: 21m2 Empty Weight: 606kg Max.Weight: 840kg Speed: 160km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 1h 30min Armament: 1-2*mg7.92mm Fokker D V Improved D III. The Albatros fighters were much superior, and the D V was used mostly as trainer. 216 built. Type: D V Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 75kW Oberursel U I Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 1h 30m Armament: 1*mg7.92mm Fokker D VI The D VI biplane was constructed mainly as an insurance against problems with the D VII. It used a Dr.I fuselage with D VII wings. Only 59 built. Type: D VI Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 81kW Oberursel U II Wing Span: 7.65m Length: 6.25m Height: 2.55m Wing Area: 17.70m2 Empty Weight: 393kg Max.Weight: 585kg Speed: 197km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 1h 30m Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Fokker D VII Considered by many to be the best fighter of WWI, an angular biplane with excellent high-altitude performance. The treaty of Versailles specially demanded the surrender of all D VII's; but Fokker moved his activities to the Netherlands and continued to build the D VII. The Dutch air force flew some D VII's until 1926! Type: D VII Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 140kW BMW IIIa Wing Span: 8.90m Length: 6.95m Height: Wing Area: 20.50m2 Empty Weight: 735kg Max.Weight: 880kg Speed: 188km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 1h 30m Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Fokker D VIII The D VIII was a parasol monoplane. Its service entry was delayed by production problems. The D VIII was an excellent fighter, but its performance was reduced by an obsolete and low-powered engine. Type: D VIII Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 80kW Oberursel Ur II Wing Span: 8.35m Length: 5.85m Height: 2.80m Wing Area: 10.70m2 Empty Weight: 405kg Max.Weight: 605kg Speed: 204km/h Ceiling: 6300m Range: 1h 30m Armament: 2mg Fokker Dr I The Dr I was a small triplane, ordered following the succes of the British Sopwith Triplane. The Dr I first flew with cantilever wings, but after some accidents a single strut was added, but structural problems continued. The Dr I was not very fast, and thus more useful in a defensive role; only 320 were built. Manfred Von Richthofen made the Dr I far more famous than the aircraft deserved. Type: Dr I Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 80kW Thulin / Le Rhone 9J Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: 6100m Range: 1h 30m Armament: 2*mg Fokker E I Development of the M.5. The Fokker E was a mid-wing monoplane fighter with in general unimpressive performance, and not that many were built. But it was the first fighter with a synchronized forward-firing gun, and its effectiveness created the 'Fokker Scourge'. 54 built. Type: E I Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 80hp Oberursel Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg Fokker E II Development of the E I with 100hp Oberursel engine and decreased wing- span. Fokker E III Development of the E II with increased wing span. Most built of the series with over 260. A second gun was sometimes added, but the additional weight seriously decreased performance. The E III was the most famous of the series; apart from its forward-firing gun, it had the advantages of maneuvrability and climbing speed, but was inferior to allied aircraft in other respects. Type: E III Function: fighter Year: 1915 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 75kW Oberursel U I Wing Span: 9.50m Length: 7.20m Height: 2.40m Wing Area: 16m2 Empty Weight: 399kg Max.Weight: 610kg Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: 4100m Range: 1h 30m Armament: 1-2*mg Fokker E IV Development of the E III with a 160hp twin-row Oberursel rotary engine, often fitted with twin guns, some with three guns. Only 49 built, the increased gyroscopic effect made the E IV more difficult to fly than the E III. 1915. Fokker E V See D VIII. Fokker F I Renamed Dr I. Fokker K I Twin-engined fighter. The K I was a biplane withb twin tail booms. IN the nose of each boom was a position for a gunner; the central nacelle contained the pilots seat and two 80hp Oberursel engines, pusher and and a tractor. 1915. No production. Fokker M.1 This was the military version of Anthony Fokker's first aircraft, the 'Spin' (Spider). The M.1 was a two-seat monoplane. From 1913 onwards it was used by military flying schools. Fokker M.2 Development of the M.2. The M.2 was a monoplane trainer; it was ordered together with a special transport car. Type: M.2 Function: trainer Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 100hp Argus Speed: 100km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Fokker M.3 Development of the M.2 Fokker M.4 Single-engined monoplane. Fokker M.5 See Fokker E I. Fokker M.6 Two-seat parasol wing aircraft, 1914. 80hp Oberursel engine. One built. Fokker M.7 Biplane reconaissance aircraft, approx 20 built for the German Navy in 1915. The M.7 was Fokker's first wartime order. Fokker M.8 See A I. Fokker M.9 See K I. Fokker M.10E See B I. Fokker M.16E Experimental biplane fighter, 1915. Fokker M.16Z See B III. Fokker M.17E Development of the M.16 with an 100hp Oberursel engine. Fokker M.17F See D II. Fokker M.19K See D III. Fokker M.20 See D IV. Fokker M.22E See D V. Fokker V.1 Cantilever biplane, the first Fokker designed by Reinhold Platz. No production. Type: V.1 Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Speed: 174km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg Fokker V.2 Development of the V.1. Fokker V.3 Cantilever triplane. Fokker V.6 Triplane fighter. 160hp Mercedes engine. No production. Fokker V.7 Experimental version of the Dr I with an 160hp Siemens-Halske engine. Four built. Fokker V.8 Bizarre single-seat fighter with five wings. Three wings were fitted closely behind the propeller, two were halfway the fuselage, just behind the cockpit. Fokker flew it twice and then ordered to scrap it. Fokker V.9 Biplane fighter, with the fuselage of the Dr I. Fokker V.11 Prototype of the D VII. Fokker V.13 Development of the V.9. Prototype of the D VI. Fokker V.17 Monoplane fighter. 110hp Oberursel engine. No production. Fokker V.20 Enlarged V.17 with an 160hp Mercedes engine. 1918. No production. Fokker V.21 Monoplane fighter, devlopment of the V.20. The German army rejected the V.21 without even testing it! Fokker V.25 Monoplane fighter, inspired by the Junkers D I. 110hp Oberursel engine. Fokker V.26 Prototype of the D VIII. Fokker V.27 Enlarged V.26 with a 195hp Mercedes engine. 1918. Fokker V.29 Enlarged V.26 with a 160hp Mercedes engine. 1918. Fokker V.33 Development of the V.9. One built. Fokker V.34 Development of the D VII. 185hp BMW engine. 1918. No production. Fokker V.37 Armoured ground-attack fighter, a parasol monoplane. 1918. Fokker V.38 Enlarged D VII, prototype of the C.I reconaissance aircraft. 1918. Fokker W.3 Floatplane version of the M.7. Friedrichshafen FF 29 Two-seat biplane on floats. 34 built, used by the German Navy in the beginning of WWI. 120hp Mercedes D II engine. Friedrichshafen FF 33 The FF 33 was a shipboard reconaissance aircraft and fighter, on floats. Type: FF 33L Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 110kW Benz Bz III Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: 4420m Range: 5h Armament: 2*mg Friedrichshafen FF 34 Twin-boom pusher seaplane. Prototype only. Friedrichshafen FF 39 Developmen t of the FF 33 with strengthened fuselage and 200hp Benz engine. Only 14 built. Friedrichshafen FF 40 The FF 40 had one 240hp Maybach engine and twin tractor propellers. Prototype only. Friedrichshafen FF 41 Naval development of the type G bomber. Nine built. Friedrichshafen FF 43 One built. Single-seat fighter. Type: FF 43 Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes DIII Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg Friedrichshafen FF 48 Two-seat fighter seaplane. Three built. Type: FF 48 Function: fighter Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 179kW Maybach Speed: Ceiling: Range: 5h 30m Armament: 2*mg Friedrichshafen FF 49 Development of the FF 39. Between 200 and 500 were built, and served until the end of WWI. Type: FF 49c Function: reconaissance / fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 149kW Benz Bz.IV Wing Span: 17.15m Length: 11.65m Height: 4.50m Wing Area: 71.40m2 Empty Weight: 1515kg Max.Weight: 2145kg Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: Range: 5h 30min Armament: Friedrichshafen FF 53 Torpedo bomber, 194kW Mercedes engine. Three built. Friedrichshafen FF 59 Development of the FF 49 with a wider shooting arc for the aft gun. Friedrichshafen FF 60 Four-engined triplane. One built. Friedrichshafen FF 64 Three built. Shipboard seaplane. 160hp Mercedes D III engine. Friedrichshafen G I Prototype of the G II. Friedrichshafen G II Twin-engined bomber, 1916. 225hp Benz engines, crew of three. Friedrichshafen G III A large biplane bomber with two pusher engines. 338 built. Type: G III Function: bomber Year: 1917 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 190kW Mercedes D IVa Wing Span: 23.70m Length: 12.80m Height: Wing Area: 95m2 Empty Weight: 2596kg Max.Weight: 3930kg Speed: 135km/h Ceiling: 4510m Range: 5h Armament: 2-3*mg 1500kg Friedrichshafen G IV Twin-engined bomber, final development in the G I / G II / G III series. The G IV had twin tails, 260hp Mercedes tractor engines, a blunt nose without gunner that did hardly protrude from the wings, and longer wingspan. All these changes enabled it to stay into the air for 90 minutes on one engine, much better than other types. No production was undertaken before the end of the war. Type: G IVa Function: bomber Year: 1918 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 260hp Mercedes D IVa Speed: 142km/h Ceiling: 3600m Range: 5h Armament: 2-3*mg Fw VII, Focke-Wulf Project for an interceptor with a Heinkel HeS 001 jet and Walter 509 rocket engine. Fw 44 Stieglitz, Focke-Wulf Biplane trainer. The Fw 44 had a fuselage of steel tube and wooden wings, covered with triplex and cloth. The Fw 44 was an excellent aerobatic aircraft. It was used throughout WWII, exported to many countries and license-built in Argentina, Austria, Brazil, Bulgaria and Sweden. Type: Fw 44C Function: trainer / liaison / observation Year: 1932 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 112kW Siemens Sh 14A Wing Span: 9.00m Length: 7.30m Height: 2.70m Wing Area: 20.00m2 Empty Weight: 525kg Max.Weight: 900kg Speed: 185km/h Ceiling: 3900m Range: 675km Fw 56 Stosser, Focke-Wulf The Fw 56 was home defence fighter and advanced trainer. A parasol monoplane with an open cockpit. Approx 900 built. Type: Fw 56A-1 Function: trainer / fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 180kW Argus As 10C Wing Span: 10.50m Length: 7.70m Height: 3.55m Wing Area: 14m2 Empty Weight: 695kg Max.Weight: 995kg Speed: 278km/h Ceiling: 6200m Range: 400km Armament: 1-2*mg7.9mm 3*b10kg Fw 58 Weihe, Focke-Wulf Light twin-engined monoplane, of metal construction with fabric covering. The Fw 58 was used as utility aircraft, trainer, light bomber, ambulance and liaison aircraft. 1987 built. Type: Fw 58B-1 Function: transport / trainer Year: 1937 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 180kW Argus As 10C Wing Span: 21.00m Length: 14.00m Height: 3.90m Wing Area: 47m2 Empty Weight: 2400kg Max.Weight: 3600kg Speed: 270km/h Ceiling: 5600m Range: 800km Armament: 1*mg7.92mm Fw 61, Focke-Wulf More correct designation for the Fa 61. Fw 159, Focke-Wulf Parasol-wing fighter with retractable landing gear. Three built. Type: Fw 159V3 Function: fighter Year: 1937 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 600hp Jumo 210 Speed: 388km/h Ceiling: 7200m Range: Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg7.92mm Fw 186, Focke-Wulf Autogiro. 175kW Argus As 10 engine. This aircraft was built to the same requirement as the Fi 156 Storch. Fw 187 Falke, Focke-Wulf The Fw 187 was a heavy fighter competing with the Bf 110. Despite very good performance, the Luftwaffe showed no interest. Nine built. Type: Fw 187A-0 Function: fighter Year: 1937 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 515kW Junkers Jumo 210Ga Wing Span: 15.30m Length: 11.10m Height: 3.85m Wing Area: 30.40m2 Empty Weight: 3700kg Max.Weight: 5000kg Speed: 530km/h Ceiling: 10000m Range: Armament: 4*mg7.9mm 2*g20mm Fw 189 Uhu, Focke-Wulf This was an twin-boom tactical reconaissance aircraft with an extensively glazed nacelle. The Fw 189 was a very effective aircraft, maneuverable and sturdy. 864 built. Type: Fw 189A-1 Function: reconaissance Year: 1940 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 347kW Argus AS 410A-1 Wing Span: 18.40m Length: 12.03m Height: 3.10m Wing Area: 38m2 Empty Weight: 2805kg Max.Weight: 3950kg Speed: 335km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 670km Armament: 4-6*mg7.92mm 4*b50kg Fw 190, Focke-Wulf The small Fw 190 was one of the greatest fighters of WWII. Designed by Dr. Kurt Tank, the Fw 190 was built as a sturdy all-round fighter, rather than a lightweight interceptor; but the early Fw 190A's nevertheless proved superior to the Spitfire Mk. V. The Fw 190 was a better fighter than the Bf 109, except at high altitude. The radial-engine Fw 190 was also succesfully developed into a series of fighter-bombers. The Fw 190D-series used a liquid-cooled Junkers engine instead of the radial BMW, and had increased span and length. The Fw 190D was a very good interceptor, equal to the P-51D or Spitfire XIV and without the altitude limitations of the Fw 190A. It was the stepping-stone to the Ta 152. Total Fw 190 production was 20001. Type: Fw 190A-3 Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1250kW BMW 801D-2 Speed: 636km/h Ceiling: 11300m Range: 800km Armament: 2*mg7.9mm 4*g20mm Type: Fw 190D-9 Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1300kW Junkers Jumo 213A-1 Wing Span: 10.50m Length: 10.20m Height: 3.35m Wing Area: 18.30m2 Empty Weight: 3490kg Max.Weight: 4840kg Speed: 685km/h Ceiling: 12000m Range: 835km Armament: 2*mg13mm 2*g20mm 500kg Fw 191, Focke-Wulf The Fw 191 was a high-altitude bomber. Development problems caused its abandonment. Three built. Type: Fw 191 Function: bomber Year: 1942 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 2110kW Daimler-Benz DB610A Speed: 566km/h Ceiling: 9000m Range: Armament: 2-4*g20mm 4-0*mg13mm 2000kg Fw 200 Condor, Focke-Wulf The Fw 200 was designed as a civil tranport aircraft. A military version became infamous as long-range maritime reconaissance aircraft, seeking targets for U-boats. The Fw 200 was not stressed for military service, and many broke up at landing. From 1944 onward they were relegated to transport duties. 276 built. Type: Fw 200C-3/U4 Function: reconaissance Year: 1939 Crew: 7-8 Engines: 4 * 895kW BMW Bramo 323R-2 Wing Span: 32.85m Length: 23.45m Height: 3.30m Wing Area: 119.85m2 Empty Weight: 17005kg Max.Weight: 24520kg Speed: 360km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 3560km Armament: 1*g20mm 5*mg13mm 4*b250kg Fw 261, Focke-Wulf Project for a four-engined bomber with twin tail booms (fitted on the outer engine nacelles, and not connectyed by the tailplane). Never built. Type: Fw 261 Function: reconaissance / bomber Year: (1945) Crew: 7 Engines: 4 * 2000hp BMW 801F Speed: 455km/h Ceiling: Range: 8500km Armament: 10000kg 10*g Fw 283, Focke-Wulf Ram-jet fighter. The Fw 283 carried two ramjet engines on the tips of its swept-back tailplane; a liquid fuel rocket in the tail would have accelerated the Fw 283 to the operating speed of the ramjets. Not built. Type: Fw 283 Function: fighter Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Walter 2 * Focke-Wulf Speed: 1100km/h Ceiling: Range: 224km Armament: Fw 300, Focke-Wulf Improved Fw 200. Design only. --G-------------------------------------------------------------------------- G.91, Fiat The Italian G.91 was declared winner of a NATO-competition for a lightweight strike aircraft. It is a small swept-wing subsonic aircraft, similar in appearance to the F-86K. Germany bought 411. Type: G.91R Function: attack Year: 1961 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Bristol Orpheus 803 Speed: 1086km/h Ceiling: 13100m Range: 1850km Armament: Gannet, Fairey British ASW aircraft. 16 delivered to the Bundesmarine. Gelber Hund Name ('Yellow Dog') of the biplane used by Agust Euler to demonstrate a fixed machine gun arrangment, invented in 1910. Go 9, Goeppingen Test aircraft with the configuration of the Do 335. Go 145, Gotha Trainer biplane, over 9500 built. Some were used as night harassment bombers on the eastern front. Alos built in Spain. Type: Go 145C Function: trainer / attack Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 175kW Argus As 10C Wing Span: 9.00m Length: 8.70m Height: 2.90m Wing Area: 21.75m2 Empty Weight: 880kg Max.Weight: 1380kg Speed: 212km/h Ceiling: 3700m Range: 630km Armament: 0-1*mg7.9mm b70kg Go 147, Gotha Reconaissance aircraft, 1936. Go 229, Gotha Designation often given to the planned production version of the Ho IX. It seems that Ho 229 is more correct. Go 242, Gotha Twin-boom assault and transport glider. 1528 built. Type: Go 242A-1 Function: glider Year: 1942 Crew: 2-5 Engines: 0 * Speed: 290km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 4*mg7.9mm Load: 23 seats Go 244, Gotha Engined development of the Go 242, quickly withdrawn because of its vulnerability. 176 built. Type: Go 244B-2 Function: transport Year: 1942 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 525kW Gnome-Rhone 14M Wing Span: 24.50m Length: 15.80m Height: 4.70m Wing Area: 64.40m2 Empty Weight: 5100kg Max.Weight: 7800kg Speed: 290km/h Ceiling: 7650m Range: 740km Armament: 4-6*mg7.92mm Load: 23 seats Go 345, Gotha Deisng for a transport glider of conventional layout. 1944. Gotha Ursinus G I Bomber, 1915. Designed by Ursinus and Friedel; the G I was a biplane with two engines fitted on top of the lower wing, while the upper wing passed through the high-set fuselage. This configuration made it possible to place the engines close together for better one-engine handling. There was also a seaplane version with twin floats. Type: G I Function: bomber Year: 1915 Crew: 2-3 Engines: 2 * 160hp Mercedes D III Speed: 130km/h Ceiling: 2700m Range: Armament: 1-2*mg Gotha G II Bomber, the first Gotha bomber of own design. The engines were troublesome and production shifted to the G III. Type: G II Function: bomber Year: 1916 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 220hp Benz D IV Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Gotha G III Reengined G II. Benz D VIa engines. Gotha G IV Development of the G III. Mainstay of the German strategic bomber program. Later versions had biplane tails with twin fins and eliminated the position for the nose gunner. The blunt nose made it possible to place the engines closer together, and together with placing the tailfins in the slipstream this gave better one-engine performance -- making it possible to run the engine at full power. But none of the type G twin-engined biplanes could fly level on one engine. Another feature of the Gotha G was a 'tunnel' in the bottom of the tail, that made it possible for the tail gunner to cover the lower rear of the aircraft. Type: G IV Function: bomber Year: 1915 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 260hp Mercedes D IVa Speed: 88mph Ceiling: 21320ft Range: 522 mls Armament: 2*mg 1100lb Gotha G V Twin-engined biplane bomber. Type: G V Function: bomber Year: 1917 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 190kW Mercedes D IVa Wing Span: 23.70m Length: 11.86m Height: 4.30m Wing Area: 89.50m2 Empty Weight: 2740kg Max.Weight: 3975kg Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: 6500m Range: 840km Armament: 2*mg 500kg Gotha G VIII The last of the big Gotha bombers. The G VIII had tractor propellers instead of the pushers props of its predecessors. Type: C VIII Function: bomber Year: 1918 Crew: Engines: 2 * Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Gotha LD 5 Single-seat reconaissance biplane. 100hp Oberursel engine. 1914. Gotha WD 2 Single-engined float biplane. 1915. Gotha WD 3 Twin-boom pusher seaplane. Prototype only. 1915. Gotha WD 5 Tractor seaplane. One built. 1915. Gotha WD 7 Twin-engined seaplane. Mainly used as trainers. Gotha WD 8 Seaplane. 1915. Gotha WD 9 Seaplane. Mercedes D III engine. Gotha WD 11 Biplane on floats with two pusher engines. 1917. Type: WD 11 Function: torpedo bomber Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 119kW Mercedes D III Speed: 120km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg 725kg Gotha WD 12 Seaplane. Mercedes D III engine. Gotha WD 13 Seaplane. 150hp Benz Bz III engine. Gotha WD 14 Torpedo bomber, that proved to be entirely unfit for this task. The 69 built were used for minelaying and reconaissance, until they were withdrawn and scrapped. The WD 14 had a slender fuselgae with a downwards sloping nose, twin floats and tractor engines. Type: WD 14 Function: torpedo bomber Year: 1916 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 150kW Benz Bz III Wing Span: 25.50m Length: 14.45m Height: 5m Wing Area: 132m2 Empty Weight: 3150kg Max.Weight: 4642kg Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: 3200m Range: 8h Armament: 2*mg 1*t Gotha WD 15 Seaplane. 260hp Mercedes D IVa engine. Gotha WD 20 Development of the WD 14 with 200hp Benz Bz IV engine. No production. Gotha WD 22 Four-engined seaplane. No production. Gotha WD 27 Improved WD 22. No production. --H-------------------------------------------------------------------------- H 21, Junkers Two-seat parasol reconaissance. 185hp BMW IIIa engine. The H 21 was buit in the USSR, at Fili, and the USSR used about 100. H-21 Shawnee, Boeing-Vertol Tandem-rotor transport helicopter of US design. 32 license-built in Germany. H-34 Chocktaw, Sikorsky US-built helicopter. 145 delivered to Germany, but 24 of them were diverted to Israel without seeing service. Ha 137, Blohm und Voss Close-support aircraft and dive bomber, an inverted gull-wing monoplane with fixed landing gear. Only five built. Type: Ha 137 Function: attack Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 610hp Junkers Jumo 210Aa Speed: 186mph Ceiling: 22965ft Range: Armament: 2*mg7.9mm 2*g20mm 4*b50kg 1*b250kg Ha 139, Blohm und Voss The Ha 139 was a pre-war shipboard mailplane on floats, catapult-launched from the ship when this was near to its destination to deliver the post earlier. The three built were pressed into military service. Type: Ha 139B/U Function: reconaissance Year: 1936 Crew: 4 Engines: 4 * 600hp Junker jumo 205C Speed: 179mph Ceiling: 16400ft Range: Armament: 4*mg7.9mm Ha 140, Blohm und Voss Twin-engined torpedo-bomber floatplane built on the lines of the Ha 139. Competed with the He 115. Three built. Type: Ha 140 Function: torpedo bomber Year: 1937 Crew: Engines: 2 * Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ha 142, Blohm und Voss See Bv 142. Halberstadt A II License-built Fokker A I. Halberstadt C I Halberstadt C III Halberstadt C V The C V was a fine high-altitude reconaissance aircraft. It served until the end of the war. Type: C V Function: reconaissance Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 162kW Benz Bz IV Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 200km Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Halberstadt C VIII Development of the C V. The C VIII could fly at 9000m. Halberstadt CL II The CL-class were lightweight ground-attack aircraft. The CL II was fairly succesfull. Type: CL II Function: attack Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes D III Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: 5100m Range: 3h Armament: 2-3*mg 50kg Halberstadt CL IV Improved CL II, with better maneuvrability. Type: CL IV Function: attack Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes D III Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: 4100m Range: 3h 30m Armament: 2-3*mg Halberstadt D I Halberstadt D II The D II was a biplane fighter, that enjoyed a brief period of superiority over its adversaries. Retired in 1917. Type: D II Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 88kW Mercedes D II Speed: 145km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 200km Armament: 1*mg7.92mm Halberstadt D III Development of the D II. Biplane fighter, maneuvrable and robust, but less popular than the Albatross fighters. 1916. Halberstadt D V Hannover CL II The CL II was a succesfull small, lightweight fighter and attack aircraft. The CL II had a biplane tail, to offer the rear gunner a less restricted arc of fire. 519 built. Type: CL II Function: fighter / attack Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 180hp Argus As III Speed: 103mph Ceiling: 24600ft Range: 3h 30m Armament: 2*mg Hannover CL III Version of the CL II. 537 built. The CL III had an Mercedes D.III engine, the CL IIIa an Argus As II engine. Type: CL IIIa Function: fighter / attack Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 134kW Argus As.III Wing Span: 11.70m Length: 7.58m Height: 2.80m Wing Area: 32.70m2 Empty Weight: 717kg Max.Weight: 1080kg Speed: 165km/h Ceiling: 7500m Range: 3 hrs Armament: 2*mg Hannover CL IV Single-engined biplane. The outboard struts had a V-arrangment if seen from the front. Intended to fly at high altitudes. Prototype only. Hannover CL V Single-engined biplane, powered by a 185hp BMW IIIa engine. Limited production before the end of WWI. Hansa, HFB 320 Business jet with forward swept wings. Some in military use as light transports and trainers. Hansa-Brandenburg C I General purpose biplane, in service from 1916 to the end of WWI. Type: C.I 169 Function: reconaissance Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 164kW Benz Bz.IVa Wing Span: 12.25m Length: 8.45m Height: 3.33m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 820kg Max.Weight: 1320kg Speed: 158km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: Armament: 1*mg8mm Hansa-Brandenburg CC Single-seat flying-boat with a 'star strutting' arrangment. Type: CC Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 110kW Benz Bz III Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: Range: 3h 30m Armament: 1*mg Hansa-Brandenburg D Two-seat biplane, 1914. Hansa-Brandenburg D I Biplane fighter with a remarkable 'star struts' arrangement. Type: D I Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120kW Austro-Daimler Speed: 187km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 2h 30m Armament: 1*mg Hansa-Brandenburg FB Single-seat sesquiplane flying boat. 1915. Hansa-Brandenburg FD Refined D. Hansa-Brandenburg G I Twin-engined bomber. 12 built. Hansa-Brandenburg GNW Refined W. Hansa-Brandenburg GW Twin-float torpedo bomber biplane. 1916. Twenty built. Hansa-Brandenburg KDW Twin-float fighter biplane, a conventional wood-and-fabric aircraft based on the Hansa-Brandenburg D I. 58 built. Type: KDW Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 119kW Maybach Mb.III Wing Span: 9.25m Length: 8.00m Height: 3.35m Wing Area: 20m2 Empty Weight: 940kg Max.Weight: 1210kg Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: Range: 2.5hrs Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Hansa-Brandenburg NW Refined W. Hansa-Brandenburg W Two-seat twin-float reconaissance biplane. Benz Bz III engine. 1914. 27 built. Hansa-Brandenburg W 11 Development of the KDW with a 200hp Benz Bz IV engine. Hansa-Brandenburg W 12 A two-seat floatplane, designed by E. Heinkel. It had an unusual upward-sloping tail, with the rudder sticking out only at the bottom, to offer the observer a free range of fire. 146 built. Type: W 12 Function: reconaissance Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 119kW Mercedes D.III Wing Span: 11.20m Length: 9.60m Height: 3.30m Wing Area: 35.30m2 Empty Weight: 997kg Max.Weight: 1454kg Speed: 160km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 3h 30m Armament: 2-3*mg7.92mm Hansa-Brandenburg W 19 Larger development of the W 12. 260hp Maybach Mb IV engine. 55 built. Hansa-Brandenburg W 20 Small shipboard aircraft for submarines. Never used at sea. Three built. Hansa-Brandenburg W 25 Development of the KDW. Prototype only. Hansa-Brandenburg W 27 Development of the W 12. Hansa-Brandenburg W 29 Float monoplane. Tail and fuselage similar to the W 12, but the W-29 was a low-wing monoplane. 78 were built. Type: W 29 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 112kW Benz Bz.III Wing Span: 13.50m Length: 9.36m Height: 3.00m Wing Area: 32.30m2 Empty Weight: 1000kg Max.Weight: 1495kg Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 4hrs Armament: 2-3*mg7.92mm Hansa-Brandenburg W 32 Development of the W 12. Hansa-Brandenburg W 33 Monoplane version of the W 19, similar in other respects to the W 29. Harvard, North American T-6. Germany used some Canadian-built aircraft. HD 17, Heinkel Reconaissance floatplane. 450hp napier Lion engine, 1926. HD 23, Heinkel Single-seat shipboard fighter. 600hp BMW VI engine. Built for Japan. HD 25, Heinkel Two-seat twin-float reconaissance biplane. 450hp Napier Lion engine, 1928. Built for Japan. HD 26, Heinkel Single-seat foat biplane. 300hp Hispano-Suiza engine. Built for Japan. HD 28, Heinkel Three-seat reconaissance version of the HD 23. 450hp Bristol Jupiter VI engine. Built for Japan. HD 37, Heinkel Single-seat biplane fighter. 559*kW BMW VI engine, 1928. License-built in the USSR. HD 38, Heinkel Floatplane version of the HD 37. HD 42, Heinkel Two-seat, twin-float biplane trainer. Some were also used as reconaissance aircraft. He 1, Heinkel Low-wing float monoplane. The He 1 was built in Sweden and for the Swedish Navy. 240hp Maybach Mb IV engine. 1923. He 2, Heinkel Development of the He 1. Type: He 2 Function: reconaissance Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 360hp R.R. Eagle IX Speed: 185km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: He 4, Heinkel Reconaissance floatplane, development of the He 2. 1926. He 5, Heinkel Reconaissance floatplane, development of the He 4. Type: He 5c Function: reconaissance Year: 1926 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 485kW Bristol Pegasus IIm3 Speed: 280km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 800km Armament: 1-2*mg7.9mm He 8, Heinkel Floatplane built for the Danish Navy, a development of the He 5. 25 built. Type: He 8 Function: reconaissance Year: 1927 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 450hp Armstrong Siddelay Jaguar Speed: 134mph Ceiling: 19685ft Range: Armament: He 31, Heinkel Development of the He 8 with a 800hp Packard engine. He 42, Heinkel Trainer and reconaissance aircraft. Type: He 42C-2 Function: reconaissance / SAR Year: 1931 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 280kW Junkers Jumo L5 Ga Speed: 200km/h Ceiling: 4180m Range: 1050km Armament: 1*mg7.9mm He 45, Heinkel Reconaissance and bomber aircraft, built for the reequipment of the new Luftwaffe. Obsolete when WWII began. 512 built. Type: He 45C Function: reconaissance / bomber Year: 1932 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 550kW BMW VI 7.3 Speed: 290km/h Ceiling: 5500m Range: 1200km Armament: 2*mg7.9mm 300kg He 46, Heinkel Parasol wing aircraft, used in combat in Spain but being replaced by the Hs 126 in 1940. Some were nevertheless in service until 1943. 481 built. Type: He 46C-1 Function: reconaissance / attack Year: 1931 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 480kW Bramo 322B SAM Speed: 260km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 1000km Armament: 1*mg7.9mm 200kg He 49, Heinkel Precursor of the He 51, introduced as an "advanced (civil) trainer" in 1932. He 50, Heinkel The He 50 was designed to a Japanese specification. It was a sturdy biplane. Some were used until 1943 on the eastern front. 90 built. Type: He 50A Function: dive bomber Year: 1935 Crew: 2-1 Engines: 1 * 480kW Bramo 322B Speed: 235km/h Ceiling: 6400m Range: 600km Armament: 1-2*mg7.9mm 500kg He 51, Heinkel Biplane fighter, replacing the Ar 65 as the main fighter of the Luftwaffe. It's combat record in Spain was not very good; because it was inferior to the Italian RC32 and Soviet I-15 it was used mainly as ground attack aircraft, and helped develop the army-cooperation tactics of the Luftwaffe. 725 built. Type: He 51B-1 Function: fighter Year: 1934 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 559kW BMW VI 7.3Z Wing Span: 11.00m Length: 8.40m Height: 3.20m Wing Area: 27.20m2 Empty Weight: 1460kg Max. Weight: 1895kg Speed: 330km/h Ceiling: 7700m Range: 570km Armament: 2*mg7.92mm He 52, Heinkel Development of the He 51. He 55, Heinkel Two-seat shipboard flying boat. Type: He 55 Function: reconaissance Year: 1929 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 600hp Siemens Speed: 194km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: He 56, Heinkel Two-seat reconaissance biplane, 1932. In Japan Aichi built a developmentas the E3A. He 59, Heinkel A big twin-float biplane. Despite its oldfashioned appearance, the He 59 was in first-line service until 1943 and achieved some succes, mainly in the search-and-rescue role. Type: He 59B-2 Function: reconaissance / torpedo-bomber Year: 1930 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 485kW BMW VI 6.0ZU Speed: 220km/h Ceiling: 3500m Range: 1530km Armament: 3*mg7.9mm 1000kg He 60, Heinkel Biplane on floats, designed as shipboard aircraft but used mainly from shore bases. In service until 1943. Approx 205 built. Type: He 60C Function: reconaissance Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 485kW BMW VI 6.0ZU Speed: 225km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 720km Armament: 1*mg7.9mm He 61, Heinkel Two-seat reconaissance biplane. 1932. He 62, Heinkel Two-seat reconaissance biplane. 1932. He 63, Heinkel Two-seat trainer biplane. 1932. Ten built. He 64, Heinkel Two-seat trainer monoplane. Few built. He 66, Heinkel Development of the He 50. Changes were of minor importance. He 70 Blitz, Heinkel The He 70 was designed as a fast mailplane, inspired by the Lockheed Orion. As a combat aircraft it was a not a great succes, but it was useful as light transport. Type: He 70F-1 Function: reconaissance Year: 1932 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 550kW BMW 7.3z Speed: 355km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 800km Armament: 1*mg7.92mm 300kg He 72 Kadett, Heinkel Biplane primary trainer. Type: He 72B-1 Function: trainer / liaison Year: 1933 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 120kW Siemens Sh 14A Wing Span: 9.00m Length: 7.50m Height: 2.70m Wing Area: 20.70m2 Empty Weight: 540kg Max. Weight: 865kg Speed: 185km/h Ceiling: 3500m Range: 475km Armament: He 74, Heinkel Scaled-down version of the He 51 biplane, intended as advanced trainer and home defence fighter. The Fw 56 was selected for this requirement. Three built. Type: He 74B Function: fighter / trainer Year: 1933 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 180kW Argus As 10C-1 Speed: 280km/h Ceiling: 4800m Range: Armament: 1*mg7.9mm He 100, Heinkel Heinkels He 112 had lost the competition for the fighter contract with the Bf 109. The He 100 was a new design, but the Luftwaffe showed no interest. The few built were highly publicized as the 'He 113' in a propaganda effort, six were sold to the USSR and three to Japan. 25 built. Type: He 100D-1 Function: fighter Year: 1938 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 865kW Daimler-Benz DB601Aa Wing Span: 9.42m Length: 8.19m Height: 2.50m Wing Area: 14.50m2 Empty Weight: 2070kg Max. Weight: 2500kg Speed: 668km/h Ceiling: 11000m Range: 900km Armament: 2*mg7.9mm 1*g20mm He 111, Heinkel Medium bomber, also used in small numbers as cicvil trnasport. The early versions of the He 111 -- with a stepped cockpit -- flew in the Spanish civil war. During WWII the later developments of the He 111 with an unstepped, assymetric, extensivily glazed nose were used. The He 111 was a good medium bomber, but suffered severely from the Luftwaffe's lack of long-range escort fighters, and was kept in production long after it should have been replaced. Production ceased in 1944 after more than 7300 aircraft. Postwar Spain built He 111's with R.R. Merlin engines as the CASA 2.111. Type: He 111B-2 Function: bomber Year: 1936 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 700kW Daimler-Benz DB600CG Speed: 370km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 1660km Armament: 3*mg7.9mm 1500kg Type: He 111H-16 Function: bomber Year: 1943 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 990kW Junkers Jumo 211F-2 Wing Span: 22.60m Length: 16.40m Height: 4.00m Wing Area: 86.50m2 Empty Weight: 8680kg Max. Weight: 14000kg Speed: 405km/h Ceiling: 8500m Range: 2060km Armament: 1*g20mm 1*mg13mm 5*mg7.9mm 3250kg He 111Z, Heinkel Two He 111H-6's were joined by a new wing section with a fifth engine, to create a tug aircraft capable of towing the Me 321. Ten built. Type: He 111Z-1 Function: glider tug Year: Crew: 9 Engines: 5 * Junkers Jumo 211F Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: He 112, Heinkel Monoplane fighter, competing for orders with the Bf 109 in 1935. The original He 112 was conceptually less advanced than the Bf 109, but this was caused by the official requirements. After the Bf 109 had been chosen, Heinkel continued development of a complete redesign; this too was rejected. The He 112 was then only built for export, but the Luftwaffe used some for a short time during the Sudeten crisis. 68 built. Type: He 112B-1 Function: fighter Year: 1937 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 515kW Junkers Jumo 210G Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max. Weight: Speed: 510km/h Ceiling: 8500m Range: 1100km Armament: 2*g20mm 2*mg7.92mm 6*b10kg He 113, Heinkel Non-existing fighter, created by the German propaganda using pictures of the He 100. He 114, Heinkel Float sequiplane, designed to replace the He 60. About 98 were built. Type: He 114A-2 Function: reconaissance Year: 1936 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 705kW BMW 132K Speed: 335km/h Ceiling: 4900m Range: 920km Armament: 2*mg7.9mm 2*b50kg He 115, Heinkel A big twin-float monoplane. The He 115 was not suitable as a torpedo bomber, but performed very well in a variety of roles. Over 500 built. Type: He 115B-1 Function: torpedo bomber / reconaissance Year: 1939 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 710kW BMW 132K Speed: 355km/h Ceiling: 5200m Range: 3350km Armament: 2*mg7.9mm 1250kg He 116, Heinkel Long-range civil aircraft, unsuccesfully tried as reconaissance aircraft. 14 built. Type: He 116B-0 Function: liaison / observation Year: 1937 Crew: 4 Engines: 4 * 175kW Hirth HM508H Speed: 325km/h Ceiling: 6600m Range: 3400km Armament: He 118, Heinkel Two-seat monoplane, dive bomber. The Luftwaffe preferred the Ju 87. The He 118 is best known for its role in the testing of jet engines. He 119, Heinkel Experimental two-seat reconaissance aircraft. The He 119 had a DB 606 or DB 610 'double' engine, buried in the fuselage, driving a propeller in front of the glass, unstepped nose. To streamline the aircraft even more, it used surface radiator cooling instead of conventional radiators. It set speed record before WWII; attempts to create a bomber from it were abandoned early in WWII. Type: He 119V1 Function: reconaissance / bomber Year: 1937 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1250hp Daimler-Benz DB 603 Speed: 373mph Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2205lb He 162 Salamander, Heinkel The He 162 was developed in an very short time to fullfil a requirement for an 'emergency' jet fighter, to be built from non-strategic materials in underground factories, and to be flown by 'Hitlerjugend' pilots with only glider training. Despite this brain-damaged scheme the He 162 actually was a satisfactory fighter, but only 116 were built before the end of WWII. It was a very small fighter with straight wings, carrying its engine on its back, and with twin tailfins. Approx 275 built. Type: He 162 Function: fighter Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 800kg BMW 003E-2 Wing Span: 7.20m Length: 9.05m Height: 2.55m Wing Area: 11.20m2 Empty Weight: 2050kg Max. Weight: 2695kg Speed: 890km/h Ceiling: 12000m Range: 975km Armament: 2*g20mm He 170, Heinkel Export development of the He 70. 19 built. Type: He 170A Function: reconaissance Year: Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 670kW Manfred Weiss WM-K-14 Speed: 415km/h Ceiling: 8290m Range: 920km Armament: 2*mg7.9mm He 172, Heinkel Development of the He 72. One built. He 176, Heinkel Experimental rocket-engined aircraft, based on He 112. 5.89kN Walter HWK-R1 203 engine. He 177 Greif, Heinkel The He 177 was the only series built German heavy bomber of WWII, and a dismal failure. The requirement that it would be able to act as a dive-bomber, and the insistence on using two engines DB 610 engine -- units consisting of two joined DB601 engines -- were responsible for this failure of an otherwise good design. The He 177 was overweight, had structural weaknesses and frequently suffered from engine fires. 1094 built, but most were never used in combat. Type: He 177A-1 Function: bomber Year: 1943 Crew: 5-6 Engines: 2 * 1990kW Daimler-Benz DB606 Wing Span: 31.44m Length: 20.40m Height: 6.39m Wing Area: 102m2 Empty Weight: 16800kg Max. Weight: 31000kg Speed: 510km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 5600km Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg13mm 3*mg7.9mm 6000kg He 178, Heinkel The He 178 was the worlds first jet aircraft, in August 27, 1938. It was a high-wing aircraft of conventional, clean lines, with a nose intake. Two built, but only one flown. Type: He 178V1 Function: experimental Year: 1938 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 500kg Heinkel S3B Speed: 700km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: He 219 Uhu, Heinkel The He 219 was doomed by political decisions, including insistence that Heinkel should concentrate on the construction of bombers. It was a fast twin-engined aircraft, developed into fighter, fighter-bomber and nighfighter versions. Especially the nightfighter was a great succes, but nevertheless only 294 were built. The He 219 was the first production aircraft with ejection seats. Type: He 219A-5 Function: nightfighter Year: 1942 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1320kW Daimler-Benz DB603E Speed: 670km/h Ceiling: 12070m Range: 2800km Armament: 6*g20mm He 270, Heinkel Development of the He 70 with a 865kW Daimler-Benz DB601A engine. One built. He 274, Heinkel High-altitude bomber developed from the He 177. The He 274 prototype was built in France and not completed until after the end of WWII. It flew in the French air force until 1953. Type: He 274 Function: bomber Year: 1945 Crew: 4 Engines: 4 * 1850hp Daimler-Benz DB 603 Speed: 496km/h Ceiling: 16000m Range: Armament: He 275, Heinkel One built. Type: He 274 Function: bomber Year: 1945 Crew: Engines: 4 * 1280kW Daimler-Benz DB603A-1 Speed: Ceiling: 16000m Range: Armament: He 277, Heinkel Development of He 177 with four 1750hp Daimler-Benz DB603A engines. Eight built. He 280, Heinkel The He 280 was the first jet fighter to fly. Its development was delayed by engine problems and political indifference, and when the jet programma was finally pressed ahead, it was abandoned in favour of the more advanced Me 262. Nine built. Type: He 280V6 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 840kg Junkers Jumo 004 Speed: 817km/h Ceiling: 11500m Range: Armament: 3*g20mm He 319, Heinkel Development of the He 219. He 343, Heinkel Design for a four-engined jet bomber. He 419, Heinkel Development of the He 419. Six built. Heron, de Havilland British four-engined light transport. Two used by the Luftwaffe as VIP transports. Ho I, Horten Experimental flying wing glider. One built. Ho II, Horten Experimental flying wing glider. Four built, one was fitted with an 80hp engine. Ho III, Horten Experimental flying wing glider. Ho IV, Horten Experimental flying wing glider. Ho V, Horten Experimental flying wing aircraft. The Ho Va and Ho Vb were a twin-engined two-seaters, the Ho Vc was converted from the Ho Vb. Two and was a single-seater. Two built. Ho VI, Horten Experimental flying wing glider. Ho VII, Horten Experimental flying wing aircraft. Two built. Type: Ho VII Function: experimental Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 180kW Argus As 10 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ho IX, Horten Flying-wing fighter-bomber. Three built. Type: Ho IX Function: fighter-bomber Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 860kg Junkers Jumo 004B Speed: 800km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 4*g30mm 2000kg (never fitted) Ho XVIII, Horten The Ho XVIII remained a paper aircraft, because the project was submitted to the RLM as late as March 1945. The Ho XVIII was a six-engined flying-wing jet-bomber. Ho 229, Horten Production version of the Ho IX. Hs 122, Henschel Version of the Hs 126. Hs 123, Henschel The Hs 123 was a biplane dive-bomber. Production ceased in 1940. Later the Hs 123 proved to be a very effective attack aircraft, and every available Hs 123 was taken from the training units and put in frontline service. They continued in frontline service until 1944, when no more were left -- production could not be resumed because all rigs had been destroyed. Type: Hs 123A-1 Function: attack Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 650kW BMW 132Dc Wing Span: 10.50m Length: 8.33m Height: 3.20m Wing Area: 24.85m2 Empty Weight: 1500kg Max. Weight: 2215kg Speed: 340km/h Ceiling: 9000m Range: 860km Armament: 0-2*g20mm 0-2*mg7.9mm 450kg Hs 126, Henschel Parasol monoplane, the most important tactical reconaissance aircraft of the Luftwaffe during the first part of WWII. Over 600 were built. Type: Hs 126B-1 Function: reconaissance Year: 1936 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 660kW Bramo 323A-1 Wing Span: 14.50m Length: 10.85m Height: 3.75m Wing Area: 31.60m2 Empty Weight: 2030kg Max. Weight: 3090kg Speed: 355km/h Ceiling: 8600m Range: 720km Armament: 2*mg7.92mm 150kg Hs 127, Henschel Unsuccesfull competitor for the Ju 88. Hs 128, Henschel Twin-engined monoplane. Prototypes only. Hs 129, Henschel The Hs 129 was a heavily armoured ground support aircraft. The A series was underpowered, so the much-modified B used captured French engines. The Hs 129 had a cramped cockpit, poor performance, unreliable engines, and sluggish handling. Heavy armour and armament made the Hs 129 a capable anti-tank aircraft, but losses were high. 879 built. Type: Hs 129B-1/R2 Function: attack Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 515kW Gnome-Rhone 14M04/05 Wing Span: 14.20m Length: 9.75m Height: 3.25m Wing Area: 29m2 Empty Weight: 3810kg Max. Weight: 5110kg Speed: 410km/h Ceiling: 9000m Range: 880km Armament: 2*mg7.92mm 2*g20mm 1*g30mm 350kg Hs 130, Henschel High-altitude reconaissance bomber, developed from the Hs 128. Two Daimler-Benz DB 603 engines were supplied with a air by a compressor, driven by a DB 605. This configuration was known as 'HZ Anlage'. No production. Type: Hs 130E Function: reconaissance bomber Year: 1943 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * Daimler-Benz DB 603S Speed: 512km/h Ceiling: +13700m Range: Armament: 4*mg13mm 1*g20mm Hs 132, Henschel The Hs 132 was a jet-engined dive bomber. The pilot lay prone in a small fuselage; the single engine was carried on the back, and the aircraft was fitted with twin tail fins. The factory was occupied by the Soviet army just when flight tests were prepared. Type: Hs 132A Function: dive bomber Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 800kg BMW 003A-1 Speed: 700km/h Ceiling: Range: 1120km Armament: 500kg Hs 291, Henschel Air-dropped sea-skimming missile. Never built. Hs 293, Henschel The Hs 293 was a guided missile. Basically it was a winged bomb with an underslung rocket engine, and a flare fitted to the tail. The aimer directed the flare light to the target by radio control. --I-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Il-62, Ilyushin Three Il-62's continued in service with the forces of the reunited Germany for a short time, and were then put on sale. --J-------------------------------------------------------------------------- JetStar, Lockheed C-140 Four used as VIP transports by the Luftwaffe. Ju 52, Junkers The angular Ju 52 with its corrugated skinning became a familiar sight in WWII -- it was the Luftwaffe's main transport aircraft. The Ju 52 first flew as a single-engined aircraft; it was soon redesigned to have three engines. Some pre-war aircraft had twin tail fins, but most had single fins. It was also used a bomber, and served as such in the Spanish civil war, but became far better known as a reliable and versatile transport aircraft. 4835 were built, but production did not compensate the losses. The Swiss air force flew three Ju 52's from 1939 to 1981! Type: Ju 52/3m g5e Function: transport Year: 1933 Crew: 2-3 Engines: 3 * 610kW BMW 132T-2 Speed: 275km/h Ceiling: 5500m Range: 1285km Armament: 3*mg7.9mm Load: 18 seats Ju 60, Junkers The Ju 60 was a single-engined fast mailplane. Some were used during WWII as liaison aircraft. Ju 86, Junkers Twin-engined monoplane bomber and cicvil transport. The Ju 86 never was a very good bomber, and at the start of WWII it was obsolete. The most famous versions were the R and P high-altitude reconaissance aircraft, that operated above Britain and the USSR. These had a blunt glazed nose and very long span wings. Type: Ju 86E-1 Function: bomber Year: 1936 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 595kW BMW 132F Speed: 360km/h Ceiling: 7500m Range: 1400km Armament: 3*mg7.92mm 1000kg Ju 87 'Stuka', Junkers 'Stuka' or 'Sturzkampfflugzeug' was the general German terminology for dive-bombers, but the 'inverted gull'-winged, fixed-undercarriage Ju 87 was the most famous and feared of all. The Ju 87 was ugly, sturdy, accurate, but very vulnerable to enemy fighters; its use demanded air superiority. But its effectiviness in destroying fortifications or ships, or just scaring people, was undoubted. On the eastern front the later Ju 87 versions were employed as anti-tank aircraft with underwing 37mm guns. Over 5700 built. Type: Ju 87B-1 Function: dive bomber Year: 1938 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 880kW Junkers Jumo 211Da Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 385km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: 600km Armament: 3*mg7.9mm 1*b500kg 4*b50kg Type: Ju 87G-1 Function: anti-tank Year: 1942 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1400hp Junkers Jumo 211J Wing Span: 15.00m Length: 11.50m Height: 3.90m Wing Area: 33.69m2 Empty Weight: 4400kg Max.Weight: 6600kg Speed: 314km/h Ceiling: Range: 320km Armament: 2*g30mm 1*mg7.92mm Ju 88, Junkers The Ju 88 was one of the most versatile aircraft of WWII. It began its career as a fast (dive-)bomber and reconaissance aircraft, and later was used also as torpedo-bomber, nightfighter, heavy day fighter and anti-tank aircraft. The first fighter conversions of the Ju 88 were very similar to the bomber versions, with only modification to the nose and gondala under the forward fuselage to accomodate guns and radar; the later Ju 88G was a specialized fighter with the tail of the Ju 188. The aircraft remained a formidable opponent throughout WWII. 10774 built, of which no less than 104 prototypes and experimental versions. Type: Ju 88A-15 Function: bomber Year: 1939 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 990kW Junkers Jumo 211J-1 Speed: 450km/h Ceiling: 8200m Range: 2730km Armament: 2*mg7.9mm 3000kg Type: Ju 88G-6 Function: nightfighter Year: 1944 Crew: 3-4 Engines: 2 * 1305kW Junkers Jumo 213A-1 Speed: 580km/h Ceiling: 9600 Range: 2195km Armament: 5-6*g20mm 1*mg13mm Ju 160, Junkers Small transport, a development of the Ju 60 fast mailplane. 48 built. Type: Ju 160 Function: transport Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 485kW BMW 132E Speed: 340km/h Ceiling: 5200m Range: 1100km Load: 6 seats Ju 187, Junkers Development of the Ju 87 with retractable undercarriage. Not built. Ju 188, Junkers The Ju 188 was a development of the Ju 88, intended as a interim aicraft pending introduction (that never came) of more advanced bombers. Redsedigned nose, longer, tapered wings, broader chord tailfin and extended stabilizers. 1036 built. Type: Ju 188E-1 Function: bomber Year: 1943 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 1250kW BMW 801D-2 Speed: 523km/h Ceiling: 9350m Range: 1940km Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg13mm 2*mg7.9mm Ju 248, Junkers Development of the Me 163, later renamed Me 263. Ju 252, Junkers The Ju 252 was designed to replace the Ju 52, but it was decided to continue production of the old, but proven Ju 52. The production of transport aircraft never had much priority. 25 built. Type: Ju 252A-1 Function: transport Year: 1942 Crew: 3 Engines: 3 * 985kW Junkers Jumo 211F Speed: 437km/h Ceiling: 6300m Range: 6600km Armament: 1*mg13mm 2*mg7.9mm Load: 32 seats Ju 268, Junkers Design for a jet-powered 'Mistel' combination, the upper aircraft of which would be the He 162. Two BMW 003 engines, a warhead of 7720lb. Ju 287, Junkers The Ju 287 was an unconventional jet bomber prototype with forward swept wings. Two of the engines were fixed to the sides of the front fuselage, two under the wings. The Ju 287 used the fuselage of the He 177, the tail of the Ju 388, the main wheels of the Ju 352 and the nose wheel of a Consolidated B-24 Liberator... One built. Development continued postwar in the USSR. Type: Ju 287V1 Function: experimental Year: 1944 Crew: 3 Engines: 4 * 900kg Junkers Jumo 004B-1 Speed: 559km/h Ceiling: 10800m Range: Armament: 2*mg13mm Ju 288, Junkers An advanced twin-engined bomber. At that stage of WWII, there was a policy against putting new types in production, in the mistaken belief that the war would end soon. Technical problems also delyaed introduction of the Ju 248. The 22 built were all prototypes! Type: Ju 288A Function: bomber Year: 1941 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 1840kW Junkers Jumo 222A-1\B-1 Speed: 670km/h Ceiling: 9300m Range: 5985km Armament: 2*mg13mm 3000kg Ju 290, Junkers This was a development of the Ju 90 civil transport. Only 65 were built, as bombers, long-range reconaissance aircraft, and transports. Type: Ju 290A-5 Function: transport / reconaissance Year: 1942 Crew: 9 Engines: 4 * 1250kW BMW 801D Speed: 440km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 6150km Armament: 5*g20mm 1*mg13mm Ju 322 Mammut, Junkers This was a big transport glider, built in competition with the Me 321. The RLM insisted that the Ju 322 would be built of wood, a contruction technique not used by Junkers since 1918. The RLM ordered 200, but the Ju 322 was cancelled after the prototpye proved unstable. The Me 321 was selected for production. Ju 352 Herkules, Junkers Redesigned Ju 252 employing non-strategic materials. 45 built. Type: Ju 352A-1 Function: transport Year: 1944 Crew: 4-5 Engines: 3 * 740kW BMW Bramo 323R-2 Speed: 330km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 2980km Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg13mm Load: 4300kg Ju 388, Junkers Development of the Ju 188, an emergency measure because the development of more advanced aircraft like the Ju 288 had been halted. Only the L-1 high-altitude reconaissance aircraft entered service before the end of WWII, despite development continuing until the end, after most other aircraft had been cancelled. The Ju 388L and K bomber/reconaissance aircraft had remotely-controlled tail turrets. The J was a night fighter. 103 built. Type: Ju 388L-1 Function: reconaissance Year: 1944 Crew: 3-4 Engines: 2 * 1325kW BMW 801TJ Speed: 616km/h Ceiling: 13450m Range: 3500km Armament: 2*mg13mm Ju 390, Junkers Six-engined long-range development of the Ju 290. A wing section was inserted with an additional engine, and the fuselage was stretched. One made a transatlantic test flight to within 20km of New York... Two built. Type: Ju 390 Function: reconaissance, bomber, transport Year: 1943 Crew: Engines: 6 * 1970hp BMW 801E Speed: 314mph Ceiling: Range: 9700km Armament: 8*mg13mm 8*g20mm 7190kg Ju 488, Junkers Some sources claim that this was a development of the Ju 388, but it most likely was a four-engined long-range bomber, built of Ju 188, 288 and 388 parts. No prototypes were ever completed. Type: Ju 488 Function: bomber Year: (1945) Crew: Engines: 4 * BMW 801JT Speed: Ceiling: Range: 3395km Armament: 5000kg Junkers CL I Hugo Junkers was the great pioneer of all-metal monoplanes. The CL I was an all-metal, corrugated skinning, rectangular low-wing monoplane, with open cockpits and fixed landing gear, developed from the D I. Only 47 were built before the end of WWI. Type: CL I Function: fighter-bomber Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 130kW Mercedes D III Speed: 169km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 2h Armament: 3*mg Junkers D I All-metal low-wing monoplane. The D I wa a good fighter, but only 41 were built; the metal construction contributed to a slow production. Type: D I Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 135kW BMW IIIa Speed: 185km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 250km Armament: 2*mg7.92mm Junkers G 38 The G 38 was a big four-engined civil transport. The second G 38 carried 34 passengers, fromwich 6 were seated in the leading edges of the big, thick wing, and two in to nose. Two G 38's were built. In 1939 the second G 38 was put in military sevirce, and it was destroyed in 1941. (The first had crashed in 1936). Type: G 38ce Function: transport Year: 1931 Crew: 7 Engines: 4 * 750hp Junkers Jumo 204 Speed: 225km/h Ceiling: Range: 3500km Load: 34 seats Junkers J I All-metal biplane, used for cooperation with the infantry. The J I had no outboard struts, but the attachment of the wings to the fuselage was rather complicated. The front fuselage was heavily armoured. 227 built. Type: J I Function: attack Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 150kW Benz Bz IV Speed: 155km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 310km Armament: 2-3*mg7.92mm Junkers J.1 The first all-metal aircraft of this manufacturer, a streamlined monoplane. Junkers J.9 See D I. Junkers J.10 Two-seater, first flight on 4 May 1918. --K-------------------------------------------------------------------------- K 37, Junkers The K 37 was designed as a twin-engined mailplane, but was developed into a three-seat mulit-purpose military aircraft. Mitshubishi developed the Ki-2 bomber from it for the Japanese Army. K 39, Junkers Three-seat recconaissance bomber. Prototype only. K 43, Junkers Three seat reconaissance bomber, development of the W 33 transport. K 47, Junkers The K 47 was actually built in Sweden in 1928. All-metal monoplane with twin tail fins, 550hp BMW VII or Bristol Jupiter engine. Some sold to China, some built in the USSR. K 51, Junkes Bomber development of the G 38. Not built in Germany; but six were built in Japan as the Ki-20. K 53, Junkers Reconaissance fighter development of the A 20 mailplane. Ka 430, Kalkert Development of the Go 242. The Ka 430 had a conventional, single tail with a loading ramp. 13 built. Type: Ka 430V1 Function: assault glider Year: 1944 Crew: 2 Engines: 0 Speed: 320km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg13mm Load: 12 seats Kl 31, Klemm Cabin monoplane. Type: Kl 31 Function: liaison Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 110kW Siemens Sh 14A Speed: 190km/h Ceiling: 3800m Range: 735km Load: 3 seats Kl 32, Klemm Version of the Kl 31. Kl 35, Klemm Development of the Kl 31. Type: Kl 35 Function: trainer / liaison Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 58kW Hirth HM60R Speed: 212km/h Ceiling: 4350m Range: 665km Load: 1 seat Kl 104, Klemm Transferred to Siebel and renamed Fh 104. Kondor D VI Biplane fighter. To improve the vision of the pilot, the centre section of the upper wing was eliminated. Kondor E III Parasol monoplane. Type: E III Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 200hp Goebel Speed: 200km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: K.W. 1105 Two-seat floatplane. One 150hp Benz engine. --L-------------------------------------------------------------------------- L 25, Klemm Trainer, over 730 built. Type: L 25D Function: trainer Year: 1927 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 60kW Hirth HM60R Speed: 160km/h Ceiling: 4800m Range: 650km Armament: L.F.G. Roland C II The C II was an advanced reconaissance aircraft. It was a biplane with the upper wing fixed on top of the monococque, whale-shaped fuselage, and a single outboard strut. Handling was tricky, but performance good, and the C II was also used as a escort fighter. Type: C II Function: reconaissance Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes D III Speed: 165km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 4h Armament: 1-2*mg7.92mm L.F.G. Roland C III Development of the C II with conventional wing struts and a 200hp Benz Bz IV engine. One built. L.F.G. Roland C V Two-seat version of the D II. 160hp Merceder D III engine. 1918. One built. L.F.G. Roland C VIII Development of C III with redesigned fuselage and 260hp Mercedes D IV engine. Prototype only. L.F.G. Roland D I Fighter, based on the C II. 1916. L.F.G. Roland D II Biplane fighter, development of the C I with redesigned tail section. The D II was a good aircraft, but was used mainly on on the eastern front and in Macedonia, and was overshadowed by the Albatros fighters. Type: D II Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes Speed: 169km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: L.F.G. D III Development of the D II with a convential fuselage structure and wing struts. Few built. L.F.G. Roland D IV Triplane fighter. The uppwer wing was in the normal position, the middle wing at hlaf-fuselage, the lower wing just above the main wheels. 160hp Mercedes engine. 1917. Prototype only. L.F.G. Roland D VI The D VI was a good fighter, developed from the D III reconaissance aircraft. Only a few were built, merely as a backup for the Fokker D VII, despite its good qualities. Type: D VI Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 150kW Benz Bz IIIa Speed: 183km/h Ceiling: 5800m Range: 2h Armament: 2*mg L.F.G. Roland D VII D VI with a 200hp Benz Bz IIIa engine. L.F.G. Roland D IX Development of the D VII with a 160hp Siemens-Halske Sh III or 210hp Sh IIIa rotary engine. L.F.G. Roland D XIII D VII with a 195hp Korting engine. L.F.G. Roland D XIV Biplane fighter. Development of the D VIII with a 160hp Goebel rotary engine. L.F.G. Roland D XV Biplane fighter, development of D VII. 185hp BMW III engine, or 160hp Mercedes D III, 180hp Mercedes D IIIa, or 200hp Benz Bz IIIa. L.F.G. Roland D XVI Parasol monoplane fighter. 160hp Siemens-Halske Sh III engine or 170hp Goebel Goe IIIa. The fuselage was that of the D XV. L.F.G Roland D XVII Parasol monoplane fighter, developed from the D IV. 185hp BMW III engine. L.F.G Roland G I Biplane bomber. The 260hp Maybach Mb IV engine was buried in the fuselage, two pusher propellers were fitted behind the wing. No production. 1915. L.F.G. Roland V.19 Stralsund Single-seat monoplane, designed to operate from submarines. 110hp Oberursel engine. L.F.G. Roland W Fighter biplane, basically a seaplane version of the Albatros C Ia. L.F.G. Roland WD Escort fighter, a float biplane developed from the D I. Linke-Hoffman R I The R I had four engines fitted inside the fuselage. Two tractor propellers were fitted between the wings. Linke-Hoffman R II The four engines of the R II biplane bomber were all coupled to a single propeller in the nose. 1918. Lloyd C II Type: C II Function: reconaissance / trainer Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 105kW Hiero Speed: 130km/h Ceiling: 3000m Range: 2h 30m Armament: 1*mg L.V.G. B I Reconaissance biplane. L.V.G. B II Reconaissance biplane, development of the B I, and just as sluggish and underpowered. Type: B II Function: reconaissance Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg L.V.G. B III Reconaissance biplane, development of the B II. Used as trainer. L.V.G. C I This was the first aircraft in the German C-class of armed reconaissance aircraft. Development of the B I. Type: C I Function: reconaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: L.V.G. C II Development of the B II. Type: C II Function: reconaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes D III Speed: 130km/h Ceiling: 5030m Range: 4h Armament: 1-2*mg L.V.G. C III Development of the C II. Few built. L.V.G. C IV Larger C II with 220hp Mercedes D IV engine. Few built. L.V.G. C V Biplane reconaissance aircraft, a good all-round aircraft. Type: C V Function: reconaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 200hp Benz Bz IV Speed: 103mph Ceiling: 21300ft Range: 3h 30m Armament: 2*mg L.V.G. C VI Improved C V. L.V.G. C VIII Development of the C V / C VI with 240hp Benz engine and structural improvments. One built. L.V.G. D III Biplane fighter. Type: D III Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: L.V.G. D IV Biplane fighter. 195hp Benz Bz IIIb engine. 1918. L.V.G. D V Biplane fighter, 1918. The interplane struts were very broad and V-arranged, from the top of the fuselage to the lower mid-wing and from there to the tip of the upper wing. L.V.G. D VI Biplane fighter. 195hp Benz Bz IIIb engine. L.V.G. G III Twin-engined triplane bomber. 245hp Maybach Mb IV engines. --M-------------------------------------------------------------------------- M.1, Fokker This was a development of Anthony Fokker's first aircraft, the 'Spin' (spider). Used as trainer. M.2, Fokker Type: M.2 Function: trainer Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 75kW Argus Speed: 100km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: M.5, Fokker This was the Fokker E I. M.6, Fokker One built. Type: M.6 Function: trainer Year: 1914 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 60kW Oberursel Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: M.7, Fokker Approx 20 built. Type: M.7 Function: reconaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: M.8, Fokker See Fokker A.1 and Halberstadt A.2. M.9, Fokker Type: M.9 Function: fighter Year: 1915 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 60kW Oberursel Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: M.10, Fokker See Fokker B I. M.16, Fokker One built. Type: M.16E Function: fighter Year: 1915 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Mercedes Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg M.17E, Fokker Type: M.17E Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 75kW Oberursel Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg M.19, Fokker See Fokker D III. M.20, Fokker See Fokker D IV. M.22, Fokker See Fokker D V. Mannesmann In 1919 an allied control commision found parts of the Mannesmann triplane bomber. The aircraft would have had ten engines in tandem pairs (four on the middle wing, one on the lower), a crew of eight, and an endurance of 80h -- enough for a range of 10400km. MBB 223 Flamingo Originally built by SIAT, that became a part of MBB in 1970. It was a simple low-wing trainer with fixed landing gear, with single-seat and two-seat acrobatic versions and four-seat utility versions. Later the production was moved to CASA in Spain. Type: MBB 223 Function: trainer / utility Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 149kW Avco Lycoming IO-360-C1B Wing Span: 8.28m Length: 7.43m Height: 2.70m Wing Area: 11.50m2 Empty Weight: 685kg Max.Weight: 1050kg Speed: 243km/h Ceiling: 3750m Range: 1150km Armament: Me 108, Messerschmitt See Bf 108. Me 109, Messerschmitt. See Bf 109. Me 110, Messerschmitt See Bf 110. It seems however, that both Bf- and Me- designations were used in official documents throughout WWII. Me 155, Messerschmitt This high-altitude fighter was based on the Me 109. It was transferred to Blohm und Voss as the Bv 155 before contruction began, and then extensively modified. Me 163 Komet, Messerschmitt The Me 163 was the world's only operational rocket-engined fighter, built in quite different Me 163A trainer and Me 163B fighter versions. This small tailless aircraft had impressive performance, but its rocket engine and fuel were extremely dangerous. The Me 163 was a great technological achievement, but a military disaster, with huge accident losses. Type: Me 163B Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1700kg Walter HWK 509A-2 Speed: 960km/h Ceiling: 12040m Range: 8min power Armament: 2*g30mm Me 208, Messerschmitt Development of the Bf 108 with tricycle undercarriage. Two built. Me 209, Messerschmitt High-performance aircraft built for setting the speed record. Later attempts were made to convert this 'vicious little brute' into a fighter, and a prototype with longer wings and armament was flown. Four built. Type: Me 209V1 Function: experimental Year: 1938 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1670kW Daimler-Benz DB601ARJ Speed: 755km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Me 209, Messerschmitt High-altitude fighter programme, not related to the earlier Me 209 record aircraft. The two built were essentially reengined Bf 109's with longer wings and tails. After official cancellation the development continued under the name Me 109L. Type: Me 209 V5 Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Daimler-Benz DB605B Speed: 699km/h Ceiling: 12000m Range: Armament: 1*g 4*mg Me 210, Messerschmitt The disastrous Me 210 was designed to replace the Bf 110. Due to structural and handling problems, production had to be ceased, and the Bf 110 had to soldier on. 352 built. Type: Me 210A-1 Function: fighter Year: 1941 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1020kW Daimler-Benz DB601F Speed: 620km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 2400km Armament: 2*mg7.92mm 2*g20mm 2*mg13mm Me 261, Messerschmitt Originally a long-range record-breaking aircraft, three built. One was used for reconaissance flights in 1943. Type: Me 261V3 Function: reconaissance Year: 1941 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * Daimler-Benz DB601A-1/B-1 Speed: 620km/h Ceiling: 8260m Range: Armament: Me 262, Messerschmitt The Me 262 was the world's first operational jet fighter. It was also the best of its generation, with an advanced aerodynamic design. Its development was much delayed, less by political disagreement than by engines troubles, and the Me 262 arrived too late to influence the end of WWII. Even the series aircraft had extremely unreliable and short-lived engines. The few Me 262 used in combat demonstrated their clear superiority, but were unable achieve much. Around 1300 built. Type: Me 262A Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 900kg Junkers Jumo 004B-1 Speed: 870km/h Ceiling: 11450m Range: 1050km Armament: 4*g30mm Me 263, Messerschmitt This began life as the Me 163D, was then moved to Junkers as the Ju 248, and then renamed Me 263. The Me 263 a development of the Me 163 with a lerger fuselage, wheeled landing gear and a new rocket engine with a 'cruise chamber'. One built. Type: Me 263A-1 Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1700kg Walter HWK 109-509C-4 Speed: 1000km/h Ceiling: Range: 15min power Armament: 2*g30mm Me 264 Sudeten, Messerschmitt Strategic bomber. The Me 264 could lift 39400l of fuel and 1800kg of bombs for an attack on the USA -- merely of propagande importance. Darwing were made for a jet-engined development and even a coal-fuelled version was considered. Only two were built. Type: Me 264 Function: bomber Year: 1943 Crew: 6 Engines: 4 * 1410hp Junkers Jumo 211-J Speed: 565km/h Ceiling: Range: 14000km Armament: Me 309, Messerschmitt The Me 309 was designed as a replacement for the Bf 109. The Me 309 was advanced in concept, with tricycle landing gear, a pressurized concept, and cannon armament. The Me 309 was never satisfactory, and especially the nosewheel was a weak point: most photographs show the Me 309 with its nose in the ground. Four built. Type: Me 309V1 Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1290kW Daimler-Benz DB603A-1 Speed: 580km/h Ceiling: 12000m Range: Armament: 1*g30mm 0-2*mg20mm 0-4*mg13mm Me 310, Messerschmitt Proposed development of the Me 210, more advanced than the Me 410. The Me 310 would have had a pressure cabin and long-span wings. Not built. Me 321, Messerschmitt The Me 321 was a very large transport glider. It had a bulky front fuselgae with nose doors, a relatively slender tail, and a multi-wheeled undercarriage. The big problem was findinf a suitable tug aircraft. The use of three Bf 110's to tug one Me 321 proved to be highly dangerous. Finally, the five-engined He 111Z was built for the task. 200 built. Type: Me 321B-2 Function: transport glider Year: 1941 Crew: 3 Engines: 0 * Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.9mm Load: 22000kg Me 323 Gigant, Messerschmitt Motorized Me 321. The Me 323 had many features of post-war military transport aircraft. On the other hand, it proved very vulnerable in combat. 211 built. Type: Me 323E-2 Function: transport Year: 1942 Crew: 7-11 Engines: 6 * 840kW Gnome-Rhone 14N48/49 Speed: 253km/h Ceiling: 4500m Range: 1200km Armament: 2*g20mm 7*mg13mm Load: 10000kg, 130 seats Me 328, Messerschmitt This little fighter was intended to be carried by launch aircraft. Later versions were intended as assault aircraft and take-off by catapult or rocket trolley was planned. The As 014 was the pulse-jet engine of the V1, and caused severe vibration. No production. Type: Me 328A-1 Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 300kg Argus AS 014 Speed: 755km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*g15mm Me 329, Messerschmitt Project for a tailless, two-seat fighter-bomber. Only a unpowered glider prototype was built. Type: Me 329 Function: fighter-bomber Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1750hp Daimler-Benz DB 603 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 5*g 2200lb Me 409, Messerschmitt The Me 409 design was similar in concept to the Bf 109Z, except that the fuselages of the Me 209 high-altitude fighter were used, and the new wing that had been designed for the Me 155. The project was cancelled in 1944. Me 410 Hornisse, Messerschmitt The Me 410 was a development of the miserable Me 210. The Me 410 was indeed better than the Me 210, but it still couldn't be considered a succes. Many armament options were tried out, including 210mm rockets and a 50mm gun. 1013 were built. Type: Me 410A-1/U-2 Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1290kW Daimler-Benz DB603A-1 Speed: 629km/h Ceiling: 10000m Range: Armament: 2*g20mm 2*mg7.9mm 2*mg13mm 1000kg Me 509, Messerschmitt This was a design based on the Me 309, with the cockpit moved forward and the engine behind it, like the Bell P-39 Airacobra. This may have been concenred as a solution for the nosewheel trouble of the Me 309. Never built. Me 609, Messerschmitt Another twin-fuselage design. This time two Me 309 fuselages were used. The project was even less in favour than the Bf 109Z and Me 409, because of the poor qualities of the Me 309. MiG-29, Mikoyan-Gurevich The MiG-29 is the only type of combat aircraft of the DDR that will continue in service with the air forces of the reunited Germany. 24 had been delivered to the DDR. Mistel The 'Mistel' consisted of an unmanned Ju 88 fitted with a large 3800kg shaped-charge warhead, with a fighter (Bf 109 or Fw 190) fixed on top of it. The fighter pilot took off with the contraption, flew it to target, aimed it, uncoupled its fighter and flew home. Some 250 were delivered to the Luftwaffe. Succes was minimal. --N-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Naglo D II Single-engined quadruplane -- ore more, correctly, a 3 1/2 plane. Remained experimental. Type: D II Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg N.F.W. B I Type: B I Function: reconaissance / trainer Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Noratlas, Nord N.2501D Twin-engined twin-boom transport aircraft, similar to the American C-119 in layout. The Luftwaffe received 173, all but the initial 25 built in Germany. NR 54, Nagler und Rolz Development of the NR 55, smaller and foldable. Never flown Type: NR 54V1 Function: experimental Year: Crew: Engines: 1 * 24hp Rotor Span: 3.96m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 84.2kg Max.Weight: 179kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: NR 55, Nagler und Rolz Ulta-small helicopter, prototype of the NR 54. The NR 55 was able to take off indoors, but failed to achieve horizontal flight. Type: NR 55 Function: experimental Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 40hp Rotor Span: 5.3m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 349kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: --O-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Otto B Pusher biplane, used as reconaissance bomber in 1915. Slow but reliable, the Otto B was one of the aircraft selected for attacks on England. Type: B Function: reconaissance bomber Year: 1914 Crew: Engines: 1 * 100hp Mercedes Speed: 109km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: OV-10 Bronco, North American Ten of this US-built COIN-aircarft are in use as target tugs. --P-------------------------------------------------------------------------- P.60, Gotha Another 1945 project for a tailless fighter. The BMW 003 jet engines were to be in a tandem arrangment above and below the fuselage. A radar was planned in a long nose cone. P.149, Piaggio A basic trainer of Italian design. The Luftwaffe bought 72 Italian-built and 194 license-produced aircraft. P.208, Blohm un Voss Project for a fighter, 1945. The P.208 was a tailess aircraft with a pusher engine in a small central fuselage, with a coolant radiator underneath. The wings were swept and gulled, with downturned tips instead of tailfins. Armed with three 30mm cannon. P.1070 Julia, Heinkel The P.1070 was a design for a small ramp-launched point-defence interceptor. No aircraft were completed, because the Me 263 was considered better. Type: P.1070 Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1700kg Walter HWK 509C 4 * 1000kg Schmiddling 533 Speed: 980km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*g30mm P.1101, Messerschmitt The P.1101 was a 'swing-wing' jet fighter -- the first of its kind. An aircraft was built in 1945, but it is not known to have flown. The P.1101 provided the ideas for the US X-5 experimental aircraft. P.1110/II, Messerchmitt Project for a jet fighter, 1944. The P.1110 had swept wings and a V-tail. The air intake was a narrow slot around the entire mid fuselage. Speed 630mph, range 940 mils, span 21ft 6in, length 31ft. HeS 011 engine. Pembroke, Hunting Percival British twin-engined light transport. 34 bought by Germany. Pfalz A I This was the license-built Morane-Saulnier L, a parasol monoplane, with a 80hp Oberursel U O engine. Pfalz A II Version of the A I with 100hp Oberursel U I. Pfalz D III Biplane fighter. The D III was not a very good fighter, but it was well-behaved and its monococque fuselage was very strong. Served until 1918. About 600 were built. Type: D III Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes D III Speed: 165km/h Ceiling: 5200m Range: 2h 30m Armament: 2*mg Pfalz D IV Very little is known about the D IV biplane fighter. It was flown in 1917 and had a 110hp Oberursel U II engine. Pfalz D.4 Single-seat fighter biplane. The fuselage was very deep and the cockpit deeply recessed, offering extremely poor view. Handling was bad too, and the D.4 was abandoned. Pfalz D VI Single-seat biplane fighter. It was not accepted for production. Type: D VI Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 110hp Oberursel U II Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg Pfalz D VII Biplane fighter. No production. Type: D VII Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Siemens Halske Sh III Speed: 190km/h Ceiling: Range: 1h 30m Armament: 2*mg Pfalz D VIII Development of the D VII. 40 built, and a few used in combat. Type: D VIII Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Siemens Halske Sh III Speed: 190km/h Ceiling: Range: 1h 30m Armament: Pfalz D XII The D XII was a biplane fighter, completely overshadowed by the Fokker D VII. About 800 built. Type: D XII Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 130kW Mercedes D IIIa Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: 5650m Range: 2h 30m Armament: 2*mg Pfalz D XIV Development of the D XII, with little performance improvement; no production. Type: D XIV Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Benz Bz IVu Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: Range: 1h 30m Armament: Pfalz D XV Single-seat biplane fighter, probably the last German fighter to be accepted for production in WWI, on 4 November 1918. The D XV was a good fighter, fast and maneuvrable. Type: D XV Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 185hp BMW IIIa Speed: 203km/h Ceiling: Range: 1h 30m Armament: Pfalz Dreidecker Triplane derivative of the D III. Pfalz didn't even bother to offer it to the military, so it probably was disappointing. Pfalz Dr I Triplane fighter, ten built. The middle wing had a very narrow chord, the big propeller made a very long undercarriage needed. A service trials batch was built, but reports were unfavourable. Type: Dr I Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120kW Siemens-Halske Sh III Speed: 201km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: Armament: 2*mg Pfalz Dr II Triplane fighter, developed in parallel to the Dr I; smaller and lighter. No production. Type: Dr II Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 110hp Oberursel Ur II Speed: Ceiling: Range: 1h 30m Armament: 2*mg Pfalz E I Monoplane fighter, broadly based on the French Morane-Saulnier L and H aircraft that Pfalz had license-produced. A small number were used in combat, eassily mistaken for the very similar Fokker E, but had a lower performance. Type: E I Function: fighter Year: 1915 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 80hp Oberursel U O Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: Range: 1h 30m Armament: 1*mg Pfalz E II Development of the E I. The Pfalz monoplanes saw only limited service. Type: E II Function: fighter Year: 1915 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 75kW Oberursel U 1 Speed: 151km/h Ceiling: Range: 1h 30m Armament: 1*mg Pfalz E III Fighter version of the A II. Few in service; the E III was regarded an interim type. The E III was not related to the E I, II and IV. Type: E III Function: fighter Year: 1915 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 100hp Oberursel U I Speed: 153km/h Ceiling: Range: 2h Armament: Pfalz E IV Development of the E II. Handling and engine problems restricted its use. 24 built. Type: E IV Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Oberursel U III Speed: 160km/h Ceiling: Range: 1h Armament: 2*mg Pfalz E V Development of the E IV. Twenty built. Type: E V Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 105hp Daimler D I Speed: 165km/h Ceiling: Range: 2h Armament: 1*mg Pfalz E VI Development of the E V. Twenty built. Type: E VI Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 100hp Oberursel U I Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: --Q-------------------------------------------------------------------------- --R-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rex D 6 Single-seat biplane fighter, 1916. Two built. Rex D 7 Sesquiplane fighter with an 100hp Hansen engine, 1917. The whole lower wing halves pivoted, to be used as ailerons or flaps. One built. Ro II, Rohrbach All-metal flying boat. The Ro II was a monoplane of very angular construction. 1923. Ro III, Rohrbach Development of the Ro II. The Ro III was built in Denmark, and sold to Japan and Turkey. The Ro III was fitted with masts and sails for emergencies! Type: Ro III Function: reconaissance Year: 1924 Crew: Engines: 2 * Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ro IX Rofix, Rohrbach All-metal parasol-wing fighter designed by Dr. Kurt Tank. Built in Denmark to evade the Versailles treaty restrictions on German aircraft production. The Ro IX was destined for Turkey, but was abandoned after the loss of both prototypes. Type: Ro IX Function: fighter Year: 1926 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 600hp BMW VI 5,5 Speed: 260km/h Ceiling: Range: 770km Armament: 2*mg Rumpler 6A 2 Two-seat reconaissance-fighter biplane. One built. Type: 6A 2 Function: reconaissance fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D III Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg Rumpler 6B 1 and 6B 2 Seaplane fighter, derivative of the C I. Approx 100 built for the German Navy. Type: 6B1 Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes D III Speed: 153km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 4h Armament: 1*mg Rumpler 7C 1 The 7C 1 was a very clean two-seat fighter biplane. Development was abandoned. Rumpler 7D 1 and 7D 2 Single-seat fighter very similar to the 7C 1. Aerodynamic problems and unsatisfactory engine installation led to abandonment of the aircraft. Type: 7D 1 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Mercedes D III Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: Armament: Rumpler 7D 3 The 7D 3 was of more conventional construction and appearance than the 7D 1. It's fate was identical: early abandonment. Type: 7D 3 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Mercedes D III Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Rumpler 7D 4 Biplane fighter. The 7D 4 was considered to be better than its predecessores, and development was continued. Type: 7D 4 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * Mercedes D III Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Rumpler 7D 7 Improved 7D 4 with a new wing. The 7D 7 was not accepted for combat duty due to structural weakness of the tail. Type: 7D 7 Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D III Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Rumpler 8D 1 See Rumpler D I. Rumpler B I Reconaissance biplane. 100hp Mercedes D I engine. Rumpler C I Biplane reconaissance aircraft. The efficient C I was introduced in 1915, and served until the end of WWI. It was a development of the B I. Type: C I Function: reconaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes D III Speed: 155km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 4h Armament: 1-2*mg Rumpler C III No production. Rumpler C IV Development of the C III. The C IV had very good high-altitude performance. 260hp Mercedes engine. Rumpler C VII Development of the C IV, with even better high-altitude performance. Crews were equipped with heated suits and oxygen. Type: C VII Function: reconaissance Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 240hp Maybach Mb IV Speed: 110mph Ceiling: 23945ft Range: 3h 30m Armament: 2*mg Rumpler C X Reconaissance biplane, one built. 240hp Mercedes D IV engine. Rumpler D I This was the final Rumpler fighter, a derivative of the 7D 7. A new fuselage structure was employed. 49 were built. The D I had very good climb and altitude capability, but was considered unsuitable for close-in combat. Type: D I Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: Range: 1h 30m Armament: Rumpler G I The Rumpler G was in service on all fronts during WWI, but went totally unnoticed to allied observers. It was a twin-engined biplane bomber. 58 built. Type: G I Function: bomber Year: 1915 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 150hp Benz Bz III Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Rumpler G II Development of the G I; 220hp Benz Bz IV engines. The G II was fairly succesfull. Rumpler G III Development of the G I; 260hp Mercedes D IVa engines. The G III had structural weaknesses and was used only in very small numbers. --S-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sablatnig C I Reconaissance biplane. Sablatnig C II Two-seat reconaissance biplane. 240 Maybach Mb IV engine. No production. Sablatnig N 1 Night bomber development of the C I. Few were built and these had only a brief period of service. Type: N 1 Function: bomber Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 150kW Benz Speed: 125km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Sablatnig SF 1 1915. Sablatnig SF 2 Floatplane, 26 built. Development of the SF 1. Performance was mediocre, and the SF 2 was used as a trainer. Type: SF 2 Function: reconaissance Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 120kW Mercedes Speed: 130km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Sablatnig SF 3 Two-seat biplane fighter on floats. One built. Sablatnig SF 4 Single-engined floatplane. Both triplane and biplane versions were built. No production. Sablatnig SF 5 Float biplane, 1917. 160hp Benz engine. Sablatnig SF 7. Floatplane two-seat fighter. The Hansa-Brandenburg W 19 was selected for the Navy requirement, and only three SF 7's were built. Type: SF 7 Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 240hp Maybach Mb IV Speed: 164km/h Ceiling: 4500m Range: Armament: 2*mg Sabre, Canadair CL-13 and North American/Fiat F-86K The F-86 Sabre swept-wing jet fighter was an US design. But the Sabres of the Luftwaffe were CL-13A's and Cl-13B's, the Canadian- built version of the F-86E with Avro Orenda engines; or Fiat-built F-86K's. Schneider Biplane fighter, built in 1918 by Franz Schneider. 200hp Goebel Goa III engine. Schutte-Lanz C I Pusher biplane. 160hp Mercedes D III engine. No production. 1914. Schutte-Lanz D I This was the first German biplane fighter. It was rejected, on the grounds that biplanes were unsuitable as fighters because of inferior vision! Type: D I Function: fighter Year: 1915 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 80hp Oberursel Speed: 135km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Schutte-Lanz D II D I modified with a 100hp Mercedes engine. Never flown. Schutte-Lanz D III Conventional biplane fighter with unspectacular performance. Not accepted for production. Type: D III Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D III Speed: 195km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Schutte-Lanz D IV Biplane fighter, built in parallel with the D III and of lower performance. Two built. Type: D IV Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 220hp Benz Bz III Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.9mm Schutte -Lanz D V Development of the D IV. Cancelled. Schutte-Lanz D VI The D VI was a sesquiplane, or a parasol monoplane with aerofoil struts -- the wing struts were partly covered in a broad aerofoil section. One built. Type: D VI Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D III Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Schutte-Land D VII Progressive development of the D III. Development and flight testing continued until the end of WWI. Three built. Type: D VII Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 180hp Mercedes D IIIavu Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: Range: 1h 30m Armament: 2*mg Schutte-Lanz Dr I Triplane development of the D III. One built. Type: Dr I Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Mercedes D III Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Schutte-Lanz G I Twin-engined biplane bomber. 160hp Mercedes D III engines. 1914. No production. Schwade-Kampfersteiner Nr 1 Pusher biplane, one of the first German single-seat fighters. No production. Type: Nr 1 Function: fighter Year: 1914 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 80hp Schwade Stahlherz Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg Schwade-Kampfersteiner Nr 2 Pusher biplane fighter with twin tail booms, 1915. No production. Sea Fury, Hawker British piston-engined carrier-based fighter, the last of its kind. Germany had 16 Sea Fury TT.20 target tugs. Sea Hawk, Armstrong Whitworth Straight-wing carrier fighter of British origin. The Bundesmarine ordered 68. Not that it had any carriers; the Sea Hawk was to fly from ships of its NATO allies. Sea King, Westland British license-built version of the U.S. Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King. Germany bought 22. Si 104, Siebel See Fh 104. Si 201, Siebel STOL aircraft. Development was delayed by problems; finally abandoned in favour of the Fi 156. The Si 201 had a extensivily glazed nose cabin in the extreme nose, and a pusher propellor on the wing trailing edge; a thin boom under the propellor carried the tail surfaces. Type: Si 201 Function: liaison Year: 1938 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1770kW Argus As 10C Speed: 185km/h Ceiling: 5500m Range: Armament: Si 204, Siebel Development of the Si 104 / Fh 104. The Si 204 was a twin-engined liaison aircraft, with twin tailfins, a drop-shaped fuselage and a fully glazed nose. It was pleasant to fly, functional and with a good performance. Over 1500 built, most by SNCAC in occupied France. Type: Si 204A Function: liaison / trainer Year: 1942 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 265kW Argus 410 Speed: 322km/h Ceiling: 6400m Range: Armament: SIAT 223 See MBB 223. Siemens-Schuckert D I Close copy of the French Nieuport 11 fighter. Most were used for training. 95 built. Type: D I Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 80kW Siemens-Halske Speed: 155km/h Ceiling: Range: 2h 20m Armament: Siemens-Schuckert D II Biplane fighter. Five were built, with different wings. The D II was the prototype of the D III. Siemens-Schuckert D III Development of the D II. The D III had excellent rate of climb and handling, but the Sh III engine was troublesome. Eighty built. Type: D III Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 160hp Siemens-Halske Sh III Speed: 177km/h Ceiling: 26240ft Range: 360km Armament: 2*mg Siemens-Schuckert D IV Development of the D III. The D IV was considered a better fighter than the Fokker D VII, but only 140 were built and few reached frontline units. Production continued until January 1919. Type: D IV Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Speed: 184km/h Ceiling: Range: 385km Armament: Siemens-Schuckert D V Development of the D III, less promising than the D III. Three built. Siemens-Schuckert D VI Parasol monoplane fighter. Two prototypes built in 1919, after the end of WWI, but before the Versailles treaty halted German aircraft prodcution. Type: D VI Function: fighter Year: 1919 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Siemens Halske Sh IIIa Speed: 220km/h Ceiling: Range: 350km Armament: Siemens-Schuckert DD 5 First biplane fighter of this manufacturer. One built. Type: DD 5 Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 100hp Siemens-Halske Sh I Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg7.9mm Siemens-Schuckert Dr I Triplane fighter based on the D I, 1917. One built. Siemens-Schuckert Dr II Development of the Dr I, not built. Siemens-Schuckert DDr I Push-pull triplane fighter, 1917. The DDr I had two 120hp Siemens-Halske Sh Ia rotary engines in a short nacelle. One built. Siemens-Schuckert DDr II Proposed version of the DDr I with Sh III engines. Not built. Siemens-Schuckert E I Monoplane fighter, 1915. Twenty ordered, but the E I was obsolescent when it reached frontline units. Type: E I Function: fighter Year: 1915 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 100hp Siemens-Halske Sh I Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: Range: 210km Armament: 1*mg Siemens-Schuckert E II E I reengined with a 120hp Argus As II. One built. Siemens-Schuckert E III E I reengined with a 100hp Oberursel U I. Six built. Siemens-Schuckert E IV Proposed development of the E III. Not built. Siemens-Schuckert E IV Renamed D VI. Siemens-Schuckert R I Seven built. The three engines were fitted inside the fuselage, driving two propellers placed between the biplane wings. The aircraft featured a tail of two triangular booms above each other, with the tailplane fitted to the upper boom, to give the gunner a better arc of fire. Type: R I Function: bomber Year: 1915 Crew: Engines: 3 * 110kW Benz Speed: 130km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Siemens-Schuckert R VI Development of the R I. Skeeter, Saro British utility helicopter. Germany bought ten. Sycamore, Bristol Germany bought 50 of this British utility helicopter for use as SAR helicopters. --T-------------------------------------------------------------------------- T-33, Lockheed The Luftwaffe recaived 192 of this US-built jet trainer. T-37, Cessna German-owned T-37 jet trainers fly in the US in USAF markings. T-38 Talon, Northrop 46 of this US-built supesonic trainer were bought for advanced training. Training is undertaken in the USA and the T-38's carry USAF markings. German-owned F-104's in the USA also carry USAF markings. Ta 152, Focke-Wulf The Ta 152 was a development of the Fw 190D. There was a short-span B version and long-span H version. The Ta 152H was an excellent high-altitude fighter, but appeared too late, and few became operational. The Ta 152's were often used to protect jet fighter bases. 215 built. Type: Ta 152H-1 Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1875kW Junkers Jumo 213E-1 Wing Span: 14.50m Length: 10.80m Height: 4.00m Wing Area: 23.50m2 Empty Weight: 3920kg Max.Weight: 4750kg Speed: 759km/h Ceiling: 14800m Range: 2000km Armament: 1*g30mm 2-4*g20mm Ta 153, Focke-Wulf One built. Development of the Ta 152 with a long-span, high-aspect ratio wing and a Daimler-Benz DB 603 engine. Ta 154, Focke-Wulf The Ta 154 was a wooden twin-engined fighter. This design was inspired by the succes of the British Mosquito, and showed promise, with good performance and fine handling. But the wooden construction raised problems, and when the factory that produced the glue for its contruction was bombed, it was decided to abandon the Ta 154. Over 50 seem to have been built, and a few were handed over to operational units. Type: Ta 154A-1 Function: nightfighter Year: 1943 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1280kW Junkers Jumo 213E Speed: 650km/h Ceiling: 10900m Range: 1860km Armament: 2*g20mm 2*g30mm Ta 183, Focke-Wulf The Ta 183 was a swept-wing jet fighter. It was never built. However, in the postwar years a number of Ta 183 lookalikes was built, including the MiG-15, the Saab 29 Tunnan, and Kurst Tank's Pulqui II, built in Argentina. Ta 254, Focke-Wulf Proposed long-span development of the Ta 154. Tq 283, Focke-Wulf See Fw 283. Ta 400, Focke-Wulf Proposed six-engined bomber, possibly a development of the Fw 300 design. Never built. Taube, Etrich See Etrich A. Tornado, Panavia German/British/French/Italian strike aircraft. The compact, swing-wing Tornado has also been built in EW and fighter versions, but the latter only serves with the RAF. Type: Tornado IDS Function: attack Year: 1982 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 7260kg Turbo-Union RB-199-34R mk101 Speed: 2053km/h Ceiling: Range: 4830km Armament: 2*g27mm 8160kg Triebflugel, Focke-Wulf This was a design for a tail-sitting fighter. The design had a bullet-shaped fuselage with a three-bladed rotor turning around it at mid-height position; rmjets were to be fitted to the rotortips. Never built. Tu-134, Tupolev Most transport aircraft of the DDR have been kept in service with the air forces of the reunited Germany. That includes five Tu-134A jet transports. Tu-154, Tupolev Two Tu-154M's also continue in service with the forces of the reunited Germany. --U-------------------------------------------------------------------------- UFAG C I Type: C I Function: reconaissance Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 170kW Hiero Speed: 190km/h Ceiling: 4900m Range: 3h Armament: 2-3*mg UH-1 Iroquois, Bell US-built utility helicopter. 344 delivered to the Heeresflieger and Luftwaffe, including many license-built by Dornier. --V-------------------------------------------------------------------------- VAK 191B, VFW-Fokker Experimental VTOL fighter, a light aircraft with a very small wing. Three built. Type: VAK 191B Function: experimental fighter Year: 1971 Crew: Engines: 1 * 4500kg R.R.-MTU RB-193-12 2 * 2530kg R.R.-MTU RB-182-81 Speed: M.09 Ceiling: Range: Armament: VFW 614 Small jet transport. The VFW 614 had twin jet engines in pods above the wing, so that the landing gear could kept reasonably short. It was originally intended for operations in developing countries, but was developed into a commuterliner. It was not very succesful: only 19 were built. To avoid after-sales support costs, VFW retrieved most of the delivered aircraft and scrapped them. Three are still used by the Luftwaffe. Type: VFW 614 Function: transport Year: 1974 Crew: Engines: 2 * 33.24kN R.R.-SNECMA M45H Mk 501 Wing Span: 21.50m Length: 20.60m Height: 7.84m Wing Area: 64.00m2 Empty Weight: 11850kg Max.Weight: 19950kg Speed: 700km/h Ceiling: 7600m Range: 1200km Load: 4420kg, 40 seats VJ 101, EWR-Sud The VJ 101C was an experimental VTOL aircraft with two swivelling pairs of jet engines at the wings tips, and a pair of lift engines in the forward fuselage. The proposed VJ 101D mach 2 interceptor was never built. Two built. Type: VJ 101C X-2 Function: VTOL experimental Year: 1965 Crew: 1 Engines: 6 * 1240kg R.R. RB.145 Speed: 1700km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: --W-------------------------------------------------------------------------- W.34, Junkers Logical development of the F.13, and precursor of the Ju 52. Used as transport and liaison aircraft during WWII. 1991 built. Type: W.34h Year: 1926 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 660hp BWM 132 Speed: 165mph Ceiling: 20670ft Range: Load: 6 seats WNF 342, Doblhoff First helicopter with a tipjet drive. The engine delivered compressed air to the rotortip jets. Type: WNF 342 Function: helicopter Year: 1943 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 140hp Siemens-Halske Sh 14A Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: --X-------------------------------------------------------------------------- --Y-------------------------------------------------------------------------- --Z-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Zeppelin CL II All-metal biplane. 1917. Zeppelin D I Cantilever biplane fighter, 1918. 185hp BMW engine. Zeppelin-Staaken R IV Four-engined bomber biplane. 1917. Zeppelin-Staaken R VI Count Zeppelin was not only interested in airships but also in large aircraft. This was the only of the big Zeppelin bombers to be built in series. The nacelles between the wings housed not only engine in tandem, but also a mechanic. 18 built. Type: R VI Function: bomber Year: 1915 Crew: 7 Engines: 4 * 190kW Mercedes IVa Speed: 130km/h Ceiling: 3800m Range: 800km Armament: 3-4*mg7.92mm 2000kg Zeppelin-Staaken R XV Four-engined biplane bomber. 1918, three built. ============================================================================= ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Designation system for WWI aircraft ----------------------------------- A unarmed reconaissance aircraft B two-seater, with the observer seating in front of the pilot. C two-seater, with the observer in the aft cockpit. CL fast two-seater, multi-role aircraft D fighter E 'Eindecker', monoplane. Dr 'Dreidecker', triplane. G 'Grosskampfflugzeug', bomber J ground-attack aircraft K 'Kampfflugzeug', later redisganted with a G. R 'Riesenflugzeug', long-range bomber. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------