------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version of 31 March 1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This list covers the aircraft of the Soviet and Russian forces -- that is, USSR aircraft, military aircraft built before 1917, and aircraft of the post-communist era. Not included are aircraft built in countries that have once been part of the Soviet empire, during their independence. Organization of the air forces was/is (?) rather complicated. There are five main parts: The Strategic Missile Force RVSN (Raketnje Voiska Strategitjesko Naznatsjenija), the National Air Defence Command PVOS (Protiwo Vozdushnaya Oborona Strany), the Naval Air Force AV-MF (Awiatsjia Voenno-Morsko Flota), and the Air Forces VVS (Voenno-Vozdoesjnje Sily). The latter are divided in Tactical forces FA (Frontowaja Aviatsjia), Strategic forces DA (Dalnaja Aviatsjia) and transport units WTA (Woenno-Transportnaja Awiatsjia). The KGB and MVD (ministry of internal affairs) had paramilitary forces, including aircraft. Added to the list can be Aeroflot, that employed many transport aircraft of military design and whose aircraft often took part in exercises or actual operations, and the paramilitary DOSAAF 'flying club'. I do not know how the organization has evolved (or fallen apart) since the breaking up of the USSR. Russian names of aircraft are of course originally written in the cyrillic alphabet, and have to be transcripted. Transcriptions can be quite different, largely dependent on the language of the reader, to reflect pronunciation; eg. Gorbatsjov and Gorbachew. Remember that the aircraft that you are looking for might be in the list under Y instead of J, V instead of W, E instead of 'Ye', 'TCh' instead of 'Ch', 'Sh' instead of 'Sj', or the other way around... The designation system is comparable to the U.S. system in that is an nice, logical system that has been changed a few times too many. Methods employed are designer's initials (ANT, Andrei Nikolai Tupolev), function letters (I, Istrebitel, fighter), and currently design bureau indications (Tu, Tupolev). In the latter system, fighters have odd numbers and all other aircraft even numbers. Until recently, there was enormous confusion, because many designations were kept secret and information flow was slow. Therefore, sufficiently old books will claim that the "Foxbat" is the 'MiG-23', "Faceplate" is the 'MiG-21', or that "Backfin" was in production as the 'Yak-42'. A few times detailled three-view drawings of non-existing aircraft have been published. And often, even if a general designation of the aircraft is known, different versions with different engines may not be distinguished. To mess up things even more, many design bureaus assign designations very similar to the designations applied by the armed forces, e.g. Tu-95 and Tu-20, or duplicate designations; by which designation an aircraft is known in the West is often a matter of coincidence. The assigned NATO codenames help clearing this up and clarify changes. I tried to include all designations, regardless of the system. (When engines are concerned, the situation is even worse.) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ --0--------------------------------------------------------------------- 2I-N1, Polikarpov See DI-1. 14-MIR, Beriev Wing-in-ground effect aircraft. 1972. 23-01, Mikoyan-Gurevich See Ye-23DPD. 23-I1, Mikoyan-Gurevich See Ye-23IG --A--------------------------------------------------------------------- A-4, TsAGI Autogiro Type: A-4 Function: experimental Year: 1934 Crew: Engines: 1 * 220kW M-26 Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: A-7, TsAGI Autogiro. Six built. Type: A-7bis Function: reconaissance / liaison Year: 1934 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 350kW M-22 Speed: 210km/h Ceiling: 4800m Range: Armament: A-7, Antonov Transport glider. Approx 400 built from 1940 onwards. Six seats. A-7, Kamov Observation autogiro. Seven built, and used in 1941 for reconaissance duties. Type: A-7 Function: observation Year: 1934 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 480hp M-22 Speed: 210km/h Ceiling: 4800m Range: Armament: 2*mg A-10, Mil Helicopter, probably related to the Mi-24, used to set some records. A-20 Havoc, Douglas The US delivered 3125 of this twin-engined bomber to the USSR. A-40, Beriev See Be-42. A-40, Antonov See KT. A-50, Ilyushin 'Mainstay' Designation applied to the AEW version of the Il-76. A-144, Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 fitted with the wing of the Tu-144 supersonic airliner. Also known as MiG-21I. AIR-9, Yakovlev Two-seat trainer. AIR-10, Yakovlev Development of the AIR-10. See UT-2. AIR-14, Yakovlev See UT-1. The initials AIR were those of a high-ranked member of the communist party, A. I. Rykov; when this was the victim of one of Stalin's purges, Yakovlev quickly changed his designations... AIR-17, Yakovlev See UT-3. AIR-20, Yakovlev Development of the UT-2 with 120hp Renault engine. Albemarle, Armstron Whitworth The USSR accepted 14 of these bombers-turned-transports. An-2, Antonov 'Colt' A biplane transport, used since 1947 with great succes and in many countries, despite its apparent obsolescence. Over 18000 may have been built. The An-2 was used as STOL transport, for training, as firefighting aircraft, as agricultural aircraft, and in many other roles. The An-2 has also been built as floatplane; the normal wheeled landing gear can easily be interchanged with skis. Theren is a meteorological version with a cabin in front of the tailfin, and a An-2F experimental artillery spotter, with a extensively glazed aft fuselage and a slender tail boom with twin fins. For agricultural purposes a turboprop-engined version, the An-3, was created recently. Type: An-2P Function: transport Year: 1968 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 746kW Shvetsov Ash-62IR Wing Span: 18.18m Length: 14.24m Height: 4.00m Wing Area: 71.6m2 Empty Weight: 3450kg Max.Weight: 5500kg Speed: 258km/h Ceiling: 4400m Range: 900km Load: 12 seats, 1240kg An-4, Antonov 'Colt' Version of the An-2 on floats. An-6, Antonov 'Colt' Wheater reconaissance version of the An-2. Also known as An-2V. An-8, Antonov 'Camp' Tactical transport. Around 100 built. Type: An-8 Function: transport Year: 1955 Crew: Engines: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: An-12, Antonov 'Cub' A four-engined transport, the nearest Soviet equivalent to the C-130 but larger. Typical for the USSR practice is the position for the tail gunner! Around 900 built. Also used as ELINT aircraft. The An-12 is a development of the civil An-10. Type: An-12 Function: transport Year: 1960 Crew: 6 Engines: 4 * 4000hp Ivchenko AI-20K Speed: 777km/h Ceiling: 10200m Range: 3600km Armament: 2*g23mm Load: 20000kg An-14 Pchelka, Antonov 'Clod' Light transport, with a typical box-like fuselage and a tail boom carrying twin fins. Used in a variety of roles, including ambulance and crop spraying. Approx 300 built. Type: An-14 Function: transport Year: 1958 Crew: 1-2 Engines: 2 * 300hp Ivchenko AI-14RF Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 5000km Load: 7-9 seats An-22, Antonov 'Cock' Large transport aircraft. The twin tailfins are an uncommon characteristic. It was the largest aircraft in the world until the introduction of the C-5. Approx 80 built. Type: An-22 Function: transport Year: 1974 Crew: 5-6 Engines: 4 * 15000hp Kuznetsov NK-12MA Speed: 679km/h Ceiling: 10000m Range: 10950km Load: 80000kg An-24, Antonov 'Coke' A high-wing turboprop transport, designed as a civil aircraft, but used by some air forces too. Type: An-24V Function: transport Year: 1961 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 2880hp Ivchenko AI-24A Speed: 430km/h Ceiling: 9000m Range: 650km Armament: An-26, Antonov 'Curl' Tactical transport, development of the An-24. The An-26 like the AN-24RV has an auxiliary turbojet in the right engine nacelle, used for high-and-hot operations. The An-26 has a rear loading ramp. Type: An-26 Function: transport Year: 1969 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 2820hp Ivchenko AI-24T 1 * 7.85kN RU-19-300 Speed: 440km/h Ceiling: 7500m Range: 2250km Load: 5500kg An-28, Antonov 'Cash' STOL transport, development of the An-14. Type: AN-28 Function: transport Year: 1975 Crew: 1-2 Engines: 2 * 723kW Glushenko TVD-10B Speed: 350km/h Ceiling: Range: 1300km Load: 19 seats, 1700kg An-30, Antonov 'Clank' Cartography aircraft, development of the An-24. Type: An-30 Function: cartography Year: 1974 Crew: 7 Engines: 2 * 2103kW Ivchenko AI-24VT 1 * 7.85kN RU 19A-300 Speed: 540km/h Ceiling: 8300m Range: 2630km An-32, Antonov 'Cline' Development of the An-26, optimized for hot-and-high conditions. Type: An-32 Function: transport Year: 1977 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 3812kW Ivchenko AI-20-5 Speed: 530km/h Ceiling: 9400m Range: 2000km Load: 39 seats 6700kg An-70, Antonov After the breakup of the Soviet Union, Antonov has become an Ukranian company. The An-70 is a replacement for the An-12 'Cub'. It has the high wing and tail loading ramp that are typical for tactical freight aircraft; a novelty is the use of contra-rotating propfans. Type: An 70 Country: Oekraine Function: transport Year: 1994 Crew: Engines: 4 * 10440kW Progress D-27 Speed: Ceiling: Range: 5000km Load: 35000kg An-72, Antonov 'Coaler' STOL transport, featuring engines placed on the wing leading edge, blowing the upper surfaces. A maritime patrol version is developed in cooperation with the Israeli IAI. Type: An-72A Coaler-C Function: transport Year: 1978 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 63.74kN Lotarev D-36 Speed: 705km/h Ceiling: 11800m Range: 4800km Load: An-74, Antonov 'Coaler' / 'Madcap' Development of the An-72. 'Madcap' is an AEW version with a radome on the forward swept tailfin. It was cancelled, the Yak-44 was preferred. An-124 Ruslan, Antonov 'Condor' Large jet transport. It was the largest aircraft in the world until the An-225 appeared. Type: An-124 Function: transport Year: 1985 Crew: 6 Engines: 4 * 23430kg Lotarev D-18T Speed: 865km/h Ceiling: Range: 16500km Load: 150000kg An-225 Mriya, Antonov 'Cossack' The An-225 is a six-engined development of the An-124, designed to carry the Soviet 'Buran' space shuttle on its back. Type: An-225 Function: transport Year: 1988 Crew: 6 Engines: 6 * 229.5kN Lotarev D-18T Speed: 850km/h Ceiling: Range: Load: 250000kg Anacler, Anatra Anatra D with a Clerget engine. Anade, Anatra See Anatra D. Anadis, Anatra See Anatra D.I Anadwa, Anatra See Anatra VKh. Anamon, Anatra See Anatra DM. Anasal, Anatra See Anatra DS. ANT-3, Tupolev The R-3 reconaissance biplane. ANT-4, Tupolev The TB-1 bomber. ANT-5, Tupolev See I-4. ANT-6, Tupolev The TB-3 bomber. ANT-7, Tupolev The R-6 reconaissance fighter. Development of the ANT-4. ANT-8, Tupolev See MDR-2. ANT-13, Tupolev See I-8. ANT-14, Tupolev Monoplane, used for propaganda. Type: ANT-14 Function: propaganda Year: 1931 Crew: Engines: 5 * 480hp Gnome-Rhone Jupiter Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: ANT-16, Tupolev See TB-4. ANT-20 Maksim Gorky, Tupolev The ANT-20 was a giant eight-engined propaganda monoplane, developed from the TB-4. The ANT-20 carried 72 passengers. It also lifted a bar and buffet, film processing lab, and a movie theater, besides a laundry, a pharmacy and a printing press. This indicates that it was used above the more remote areas of the USSR, places that still did without the blessing of civilisation. It seems that it was also fitted with loudspeakers. One built. Wing span was 63m. Type: ANT-20 Function: propaganda Year: 1934 Crew: 10 Engines: 8 * 900hp M-34FRN Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: ANT-20bis, Tupolev When the ANT-20 was destroyed in May 1935, it was decided to build a successor. The ANT-20bis was a development with six engines; it was also used as a transport. Type: ANT-20bis Function: transport Year: 1938 Crew: 9 Engines: 6 * 1000hp M-34FRNV Speed: 275km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: Load: 64 seats ANT-21, Tupolev See MI-3. ANT-22, Tupolev See MK-1. ANT-23, Tupolev See I-12. ANT-25, Tupolev This long-range aircraft became best known by a flight from Moscow to San Jacinto in California, over the pole: 10148km. The ANT-25 was also used to set a closed-circuit flight record with a flight of 56hrs and 20min. As might be expected, the ANT-25 was a clean monoplane with an extremely long wingspan: 34.98m Type: ANT-25-1 Function: experimental Year: 1933 Crew: 3-4 Engines: 1 * 700kW Mikulin M-34R Speed: 246km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 13000km ANT-27, Tupolev See MDR-4. ANT-29, Tupolev Fighter monoplane, armed with a recoilless 102mm cannon. The ANT-29 was a modern twin-engined design. To eliminate the recoil, a weight was ejected by a nozzle fitted below the tail. The gun was unpractical and the aircraft had bad handling. The designer of the gun, Kurchevski, was arrested and 'disappeared'. Type: ANT-29 Function: fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 760hp Hispano-Suiza 12Ybrs Wing Span: 19.19m Length: 11.65m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 3900kg Max. Weight: 5300kg Speed: 352km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*g102mm 2*g20mm 1*mg7.62mm ANT-31 See I-14. ANT-37, Tupolev See DB-2. ANT-38, Tupolev Prototype of the ANT-40 or SB fast bomber. The ANT-38 had radial engines. ANT-40, Tupolev A five-engined high-wing transport aircraft. A few built, and used for arctic expeditions. ??? Type: ANT-40 Function: transport Year: 1931 Crew: Engines: 5 * Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: ANT-39, Tupolev See SB. ANT-40, Tupolev See SB. ANT-41, Tupolev See T-1. ANT-42, Tupolev See Pe-8. ANT-44, Tupolev See MTB-2. ANT-46, Tupolev See DI-8. ANT-51, Tupolev See Su-2 / BB-1. ANT-58, Tupolev See Tu-2. ANT-61, Tupolev See Tu-2. This was the Tu-2S. ANT-63, Tupolev See Tu-1. Ar-2, Archangelsky Development of the SB / ANT-40 intended as dive-bomber. Type: AR-2 Function: bomber Year: 1939 Crew: Engines: 2 * 1100hp Klimov M-105R Speed: 475km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: ARK-3, Tchetverikov Precursor of ARK-4. ARK-4, Tchetverikov Utility flying boat, a mixed-contruction monoplane. Type: ARK-4 Function: utility and reconaissance Year: 1936 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 750hp M-25V Speed: 320km/h Ceiling: 8500m Range: 1500km Armament: 2*mg b1000kg ARK-5, Polikarpov Version of the R-5 used as transport in the arctic region. --B--------------------------------------------------------------------- B-5, Bisnovat Experimental rocket-engined aircraft. The B-5 had a bullet-shaped fuselage and swept wings. B-25 Mitchell, North American 'Bank' 862 of this medium bomber were lend-leased to the USSR. BB-1, Sukhoi Renamed Su-2. BB-22, Yakovlev Renamed Yak-4. Be-1, Beriev Wing-in-ground effect aircraft, a single-engined two-seater. 1963. Be-2, Beriev See KOR-1. Be-4, Beriev See KOR-2. Be-6, Beriev 'Madge' Patrol flying boat, closely resembling the U.S. PBM 'Mariner': a gull- winged aircraft with twin, oval tailfins on top of a deep fuselage. It stayed in service until the late 1960s. Type: Be-6 Function: reconaissance / ASW Year: 1949 Crew: 7 Engines: 2 * 1715kW Shvetsov ASh-73TK Speed: 415km/h Ceiling: 6100m Range: 4800km Armament: 5*g23mm 4000kg Be-8, Beriev 'Mode' or 'Mole' Unsuccesfull utility amphibian. The Be-8 was a small parasol-wing aircraft of all-metal construction. Few built. Type: Be-8 Function: utility Year: 1951 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 700hp Shvetsov Ash-21 Speed: 268km/h Ceiling: 5550m Range: 1100km Load: 6 seats Be-10, Beriev 'Mallow' Jet-engined flying boat. The Be-12 was preferred, because of its better endurance, and few Be-10's were built. The Be-10 had highly swept wings and tail surfaces; the engines were placed under the wing roots and fixed floats were attached to the wingtips. Type: Be-10 Function: ASW Year: 1960 Crew: 4-5 Engines: 2 * 6500kg Lyulka AL-7RV Speed: 900km/h Ceiling: 12200m Range: 3200km Armament: 4*g23mm Be-12 Chaika, Beriev 'Mail' A turboprop-engined amphibian. The Be-12 is one of the last amphibians in military service. The Be-12 traces its origins back to the Be-6, but inherited little more than the concept of its gull wing and twin oval tailfins. Type: Be-12 Function: ASW Year: 1961 Crew: 5-6 Engines: 2 * 4190hp Ivchenko AI-20D Speed: 612km/h Ceiling: 11580m Range: 4000km Armament: 3000kg Be-40, Beriev Proposed maritime patrol version of the Be-42. Be-42 Albatross, Beriev Large jet-engined amphibian. The Be-42 is rather an unique aircraft, with its high-aspect ratio, slightly swept wings, slender fuselage, and booster engines faired in beneath the main engines. It seems to have no production future, but Beriev is trying to sell smaller, civil developments. Type: Be-42 Function: SAR Year: 1989 Crew: Engines: 2 * 15000kg Soloviev D-30KVP 2 * 6065lb RD-60 Speed: 760km/h Ceiling: Range: 5500km Armament: Be-200, Beriev Amphibian, developed from the A-40 / Be-42 'Mermaid'. Under development with 107 ordered. BI, Bereznyak-Isaev (Bolkhovitinov) Rocket-engined fighter, a small straight-wing aircraft. Eight built. The BI was the world's first rocket-engined fighter, but production was cancelled after a crash revealed serious handling problems. One was fitted with ramjet engines in an attempt to extend the range. Type: BI Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1100kg Dushkin-Isaev D1A-1100 Speed: 990km/h Ceiling: Range: max. 15 minutes power endurance. Armament: 2*g20mm BOK-1 Conversion of the RD-DB production version of the ANT-25 as high-altitude research aircraft. BOK-5 The BOK-5 was an experimental tailless aircraft with full-span tandem control surfaces along the trailing edge. It had a short, stubby fuselage with a radial engine and a conventional fin. BOK-7 Conversion of the RD-DB production version of the ANT-25 as high-altitude research aircraft. BOK-8 Conversion of the RD-DB production version of the ANT-25 as high-altitude research aircraft. BOK-11 Conversion of the RD-DB production version of the ANT-25 as high-altitude research aircraft. The BOK-11 had a ACh-40 diesel engine with both mechanical supercharger and turbocharger, and a pressure cabin with two metal cupola's with small portholes. Endurance was 72 hours. A production reconaissance development was abandoned. BSh-2, Ilyushin See Il-2. --C--------------------------------------------------------------------- C.I, Fokker Biplane reconaissance aircraft, very obviously a development of the D.VII fighter. The C.I was too late to enter service with the German air force. After the end of WWI, Anthony Fokker managed to transfer a number of aircraft and spare parts to the Netherlands. 250 were built, including 42 for the Soviet air force and 62 for the Dutch air force. Type: C-1 Country: Netherlands Function: reconaissance Year: 1918 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 138kW BMW IIIa Wing Span: 10.50m Length: 7.23m Height: 2.87m Wing Area: 26.25m2 Empty Weight: 855kg Max.Weight: 1255kg Speed: 175km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 620km Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 4*b12.5kg Che-2, Chetverikov 'Mug' Twin-engined flying boat, first flown in 1937 and used until the '50s. The Che-2 (named MDR-6 until 1941) had a high-set, slightly gulled wing, with stabilising floats on the wingtips, that were retractable on some models. Later models had Klimov M-105 and even M-107 engines. Type: Che-2 (MDR-6A) Function: reconaissance Year: 1939 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 821kW Klimov M-63 Wing Span: 19.40m Length: 15.73m Height: 4.30m Wing Area: 52.30m2 Empty Weight: 4100kg Max.Weight: 7200kg Speed: 360km/h Ceiling: 9000m Range: 2650km Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm b1000kg --D--------------------------------------------------------------------- D, Anatra Biplane, around 170 built. The D was inspired by the German Albatros reconaissance aircraft. Type: D Function: reconaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 100hp Gnome Monosoupape Speed: 132km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg DB-2, Sukhoi Bomber. Production cancelled in favour of the TsKB-30 / DB-3. Two built. The DB-2 was a development of the ANT-25 long-range aircraft. DB-3, Ilyushin Twin-engined bomber, a low-wing monoplane that first flew in 1935. The DB-3F was renamed Il-4; this version was used in some attacks on Berlin during WWII. 1528 were built. Type: DB-3M Function: bomber Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 708kW M-87 Wing Span: 21.44m Length: 14.22m Height: 4.19m Wing Area: 65.50m2 Empty Weight: 5270kg Max.Weight: 7660kg Speed: 445km/h Ceiling: 9700m Range: 3800km Armament: 3*mg7.62mm 2500kg DB-240, Yermolayev See Yer-2. DB-A, Bolchovitinov Four-engined monoplane bomber. DB-LK, Belyayev The DB-LK was a flying wing with a conventional tail unit fitted to the center of the trailing edge. It had twin fuselages, each with a radial engine in the front, a cockpit and a glazed rear end for a gunner. 1940, no production. DB-PT, Ilyushin Torpedo bomber version of the DB-3. DE, Anatra Long range bomber, with the 140hp in the nose and two 80hp pusher engines in nacelles between the wings. One built. Type: DE Function: bomber Year: 1916 Crew: 4 Engines: 1 * 140hp Salmson 2 * 80hp Gnome Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: DFS 346 German experimental aircraft with two 4400kb Walter rocket engines, swept wings and a prone piot position. It had an estimated top speed of Mach 2.6 at 30500m. Reportedly, the incomplete prototype was captured by the USSR in 1945 and flown in 1947, with one of the original interned B-29's as launch aircraft and a German pilot. DG-52, Grigorovich See IP-1. DG-53, Grigorovich See IP-4. D.I, Anatra Single-seat fighter develoment of the Anatra D. No production. Type: D.I Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Speed: 153km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: DI-1, Polikarpov Two-seat biplane fighter. The DI-1 had exceptional performance, but the design was abandoned after the loss of the prototype. Type: DI-1 Function: fighter Year: 1926 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 450hp Napier Lion Speed: 268km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.62mm DI-2, Polikarpov Two-seat derivative of the I-3. One built. Type: DI-2 Function: fighter Year: 1929 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 750hp BMW VI 7,3 Speed: 256km/h Ceiling: Range: 510km Armament: 4*mg7.62mm DI-3, Grigorovich Two-seat escort fighter. The DI-3 was overweight. No production. Type: DI-3 Function: fighter Year: 1931 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: DI-4, Laville Two-seat fighter. The DI-4 was a high-wing monoplane. It had better performance than the DI-3 biplane, but the monoplane design was viewed with some suspicion. Type: DI-4 Function: fighter Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 600hp Curtiss Conqueror Speed: 320km/h Ceiling: 8200m Range: Armament: 3-4*mg7.62mm DI-6, Kocherigin Two-seat fighter biplane. Around 200 built. Type: DI-6 Function: fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 720hp M-25 Speed: 372km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: 550km Armament: 3*mg7.62mm b40kg DI-8, Tupolev The DI-8 or ANT-46 was a two-seat fighter version of the ANT-40 or SB, twin-engined bomber. It was armed with two recoilless 100mm cannon in the outer wing panels. Interest in the gun quickly terminated, and the DI-8 was abandoned. Type: DI-8 Function: fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 800hp Gnome-Rhone 14Krsd Wing Span: 20.30m Length: 12.24m Height: Wing Area: 55.70m2 Empty Weight: 3487kg Max.Weight: 5553kg Speed: 388km/h Ceiling: Range: 1780km Armament: 2*g100mm DIP, Tupolev See ANT-29. DIS, Mikoyan-Gurevich The DIS was a sleek twin-engined long-range escort fighter. It was decided that the USSR could not afford such aircraft. No photograph seems to have survived. Two built. Type: DIS Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1700hp Shvetsov M-82F Speed: 604km/h Ceiling: 9800m Range: 2500km Armament: 2*g23mm 4*mg7.62mm DIP, Tupolev See ANT-29. DM, Anatra Fighter monoplane. One built. Type: DM Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 100hp Gnome Monosoupape Speed: 158km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg DS, Anatra Improved Anatra D. Around 70 built. Type: DS Function: reconaissance Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 110kW Salmson Speed: 144km/h Ceiling: 4300m Range: Armament: 2*mg Dux 1 First armed aircraft built in Russia, in 1913. A pusher biplane with a machine gun in the nose, intended for ground attack. DVB-102, Myasichew KB-102 was the number of Myasichew's detainee design bureau -- he had been arrested in 1938. The DVB-102 was a long-range, high-altitude bomber. Only two prototypes built, because it was decided to copy the B-29. Type: DVB-102 Function: bomber Year: 1942 Crew: Engines: * 2200hp Shvetsoc ASh-71F Speed: 565km/h Ceiling: Range: 2230km Armament: 3000kg --E--------------------------------------------------------------------- E-33, Mikoyan-Gurevich Version of the MiG-21 used to set some records. E-66, Mikoyan-Gurevich Version of the MiG-21 used to set some records, with an additional 3000kg GRDU2 rocket engine. E-76, Mikoyan-Gurevich Record-setting version of the MiG-21. E-166, Mikoyan-Gurevich Cover designation applied to the Ye-152M for a record attempt, with a speed of Mach 2.51. E-266, Mikoyan-Gurevich See Ye-266. --F--------------------------------------------------------------------- Florov 4302 Rocket-powered research aircraft. The had a fat fuselage and a thick wing; it was obviously not intended for high-speed trails. Flown only a few times. Three built. Type: 4302 Function: experimental Year: 1946 Crew: Engines: 1 * Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: --G--------------------------------------------------------------------- G-1, Tupolev Transport version of the TB-1. G-2, Tupolev Transport version of the TB-3. GM-1, Mil Prototype of the Mi-1. GST Licence-built Consolidated PBY Catalina. Gu-82, Goudkov This was Goudkovs attempt to reengine the LaGG-3 with the Shvetsov ASh-82 engine. It never flew. --H--------------------------------------------------------------------- Hurricane, Hawker 2952 were delivered to the USSR. --I--------------------------------------------------------------------- I-1, Polikarpov Monoplane fighter. The idea was advanced, but the actual aircraft was disappointing; only 22 were built. Type: I-1M-5 Function: fighter Year: 1926 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 400hp M-5 Speed: 263km/h Ceiling: 6750m Range: Armament: I-1, Mikoyan-Gurevich Experimental frontal fighter, using MiG-19 technology with a more powerful engine. Performance was disappointing. Type: I-1 Function: fighter Year: 1956 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 8400kg Klimov VK-3 Speed: 1960km/h Ceiling: 18000m Range: Armament: 2*g30mm I-1, Grigorovich Precursor of the I-2. I-2, Grigorovich Biplane fighter. The production of the more developed I-2bis was 211 aircraft. Type: I-2bis Function: fighter Year: 1926 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 420hp M-5 Wing Span: 10.80m Length: 7.32m Height: 3m Wing Area: 23.53m2 Empty Weight: 1152kg Max.Weight: 1575kg Speed: 235km/h Ceiling: 5400m Range: 600km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm I-2, Mikoyan-Gurevich Modification of the I-1 with greater wing sweep. 1955. I-3, Polikarpov Fighter biplane. Some 240 served with the VVS. Type: I-3 Function: fighter Year: 1929 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 750hp M-17 Speed: 278km/h Ceiling: Range: 585km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm I-3, Mikoyan-Gurevich Frontal fighter, developed in parallel with the I-1. It resembled a scaled op Ye-2: tubular fuselage, swept wings. It did not fly because the engine was not ready. Type: I-3U Function: fighter Year: 1956 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 8400kg Klimov VK-3 Speed: 1960km/h Ceiling: 18000m Range: 1800km Armament: 2*g30mm I-4, Tupolev Sesquiplane single-seat fighter. The lower wing was not much more than an attachment for the wing struts; it was removed in the second series (I-4bis). The I-4 was the first Soviet all-metal fighter; 369 were built. Type: I-4 Function: fighter Year: 1927 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 480hp M-22 Wing Span: 11.40m Length: 7.28m Height: Wing Area: 23.80m2 Empty Weight: 978kg Max.Weight: 1430kg Speed: 231km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg I-5, Mikoyan-Gurevich See I-3. I-5, Polikarpov Biplane fighter, designed by Polikarpov and Grigorovich while imprisoned. Some were still in service as trainers in 1941. 803 built. Type: I-5 Function: fighter Year: 1933 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 480hp M-22 Speed: 270km/h Ceiling: 8100m Range: 660km Armament: 4*mg7.62mm I-6, Polikarpov Small biplane fighter. Abandoned in favour of the I-5. Type: I-6 Function: fighter Year: 1930 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 450hp Gnome-Rhone Jupiter VI Speed: 280km/h Ceiling: Range: 700km Armament: I-7, Mikoyan-Gurevich Interceptor prototype, bigger and heavier than the I-3U. Type: I-7U Function: fighter Year: 1957 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Lyulka AL-7F Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*g30mm I-8, Tupolev The I-8 was a small biplane fighter, constructed of steel and duraluminium, and coverd with fabric. The I-8 was completed by donation of unpaid workhours. It was fast, but it was decided not to produce its Curtiss Conqueror engine. Type: I-8 Function: fighter Year: 1929 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 600hp Curtiss V-1570 Conqueror Wing Span: 9.00m Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: 960kg Max.Weight: 1424kg Speed: 313km/h Ceiling: Range: 440km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm I-12, Tupolev The I-12 had a central nacelle with a pusher and a tractor engine, and very slender twin tail booms. It was armed with two recoilless 76mm cannon, incorporated in the hollow tail booms! Only a prototype was built. Type: I-12 Function: fighter Year: 1931 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 525hp Gnome-Rhone 9AK Wing Span: 15.60m Length: 9.50m Height: Wing Area: 30.00m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 2400kg Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*g76mm I-14, Tupolew The I-14 was the first an all-metal cantilever monoplane fighter with enclosed cockpit and rectractable undercarriage, and was flown in 1933. Only 18 were built, because the lighter I-16 was preferred. The engine was a copy of the Wright R-1820 Cyclone. Type: I-14bis Function: fighter Year: 1933 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 700hp M-25 Wing Span: 11.20m Length: 6.10m Height: Wing Area: 16.90m2 Empty Weight: 1170kg Max.Weight: 1540kg Speed: 440km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*g20mm 2*mg7.62mm I-15, Polikarpov A small biplane fighter with a gulled upper. The I-15 was used in combat in Spain and proved to be one of the best fighter biplanes of its time. 674 built. Type: I-15 Function: fighter Year: 1934 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 775hp M-25V Speed: 367km/h Ceiling: 10000m Range: 720km Armament: 4*mg7.62mm I-15bis, Polikarpov See I-152. I-15ter, Polikarpov See I-153. I-16, Polikarpov The I-16 was revolutionary when it appeared in 1933; the first operational cantilever monoplane fighter with rectractable landing gear. The original M-25 engine was a copy of the Wright R-1820; some I-16s actually had US-built engines. It was very succesfull in the Spanish civil war; but it was obsolete at the outbreak of WWII. Large numbers were still in service in 1941, and it stayed in front-line service until late 1943. 7005 single-seaters and 1639 two-seaters built. The Type 24 could have a M-62, M-63 or M-25Ye engine, and several possible combinations of armament. Type: I-16 Type 24 Function: fighter Year: 1934 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 930hp Shvetsov M-63 Wing Span: 8.88m Length: 6.04m Height: 2.41m Wing Area: 14.87m2 Empty Weight: 1475kg Max.Weight: 2060kg Speed: 489km/h Ceiling: 9000m Range: 600km Armament: 4*mg7.62mm I-17, Polikarpov The I-17 was a sleek fighter with a water-cooled engine, built for comparison with the stubby radial-engined I-16. Few built, some used in combat in 1941. Type: I-17 (TsKB-19) Function: fighter Year: 1935 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 750hp Klimov M-100 Speed: 500km/h Ceiling: 11000m Range: 800km Armament: 4*mg7.62mm I-20, Mikoyan-Gurevich See MiG-1. I-21, Pashinin The I-21 was intended as a replacement for the ageing I-16, but handling and especially landing characteristics were far from satisfactory. Five built. Type: I-21 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1050hp Klimov M-105P Speed: 580km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*g23mm 2*mg7.62mm I-21, Ilyushin Single-seat fighter, 1936. I-22, Lavochkin, Gorbunov and Goudkov Renamed LaGG-1. I-26, Yakovlev Renamed Yak-1. I-29, Yakovlev Fighter version of the Ya-22. I-30, Yakovlev All-metal fighter, development of the Yak-1. No production. I-42, Mikoyan-Gurevich Stealth fighter under development in Russia. Should enter service around 2000. I-63, Mikoyan-Gurevich See MiG-3. I-75, Mikoyan-Gurevich This was a rebuilt of the I-7U with a new forward fuselage, having a circular intake with a three-shock nose cone. One built. Type: I-75 Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Lyulka AL_7F Speed: M2.25 Ceiling: Range: Armament: I-107, Sukhoi See Su-5. I-110, Tomashevich Thomashevich was detained after the death of test pilot and national hero Valeri Chkalov in the I-180 fighter, in 1938. In 1942 his detainee design bureau produced the I-110, a monoplane fighter of mixed contrsuction, optimized for mass production by unskilled labour. But in 1942 there already were some succesful fighters in production, and the I-110 remained a prototype. Type: I-110 Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1650hp Klimov M-107A Wing Span: 10.20m Length: 9.91m Height: Wing Area: 18.73m2 Empty Weight: 3285kg Max.Weight: 3980kg Speed: 610km/h Ceiling: Range: 1050km Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg12.7mm 500kg I-152, Polikarpov Biplane fighter. Development of the I-15 with a straight upper wing and a more powerful engine; 2408 built. The I-15 was used in Spain and China, and also fought in WWII. Type: I-152 Function: fighter Year: 1937 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 775hp M-25V Speed: 364km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: 800km Armament: 4*mg7.62mm b100kg I-153, Polikarpov After the Spanish civil war, the USSR wrongly concluded that there would be a role in the future for a manouvrable biplane fighter. The I-153 was a refinement of the earlier I-15 and I-152 with retractable landing gear; the gull-wing of the I-15 was employed. In first line service until 1943! 3437 built. Type: I-153 Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1000hp Shvetsov M-62R Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 6.17m Height: 2.80m Wing Area: 22.14m2 Empty Weight: 1452kg Max.Weight: 2110kg Speed: 444km/h Ceiling: 10700m Range: 470km Armament: 4*mg7.62mm b100kg I-180, Polikarpov Design for a monoplane fighter, powered by the M-87 radial engine. It was abandoned in favour of a development of the I-16, also called I-180. I-180, Polikarpov The I-180 was a wooden monoplane fighter, developed from the I-16. After a few prototypes, the aircraft was redesigned and became the I-180S. Performance and handling problems led to the program being abandoned in favour of the I-185. Type: I-180S Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1100hp Tumansky M-88R Speed: 585km/h Ceiling: 11600m Range: 900km Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.62mm I-185, Polikarpov A wooden fighter monoplane, designed around the new M-90 engine. Later the M-81, M-71 and M-82 were tried; finally the M-71 was selected, and the I-185 found itself abandonded together with this engine. Type: I-185R Function: fighter Year: 1941 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2000hp Shvetsov M-71 Wing Span: 9.80m Length: 8.05m Height: 2.50m Wing Area: 15.53m2 Empty Weight: 3105kg Max.Weight: 3750kg Speed: 680km/h Ceiling: 11000m Range: 950km Armament: 3*g20mm b400kg I-187, Polikarpov Development of the I-185. I-190, Polikarpov Derivative of the I-15.3 biplane fighter. A development with a pressure cabin was abandonded. One built. Type: I-190 Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1100hp Tumanky M-88A Speed: 450km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*g20mm 2*mg7.62mm I-200, Mikoyan-Gurevich See MiG-1. I-211, Alexeev Twin-engined jet fighter similar to the German Me 262. I-211, Mikoyan-Gurevich The I-211 was an attempt to revive the MiG-3 by substituting the M-82 radial for the abandoned AM-35A engine. It came too late, the La-5 was already in production and the MiG-3 had been phased out. Type: I-211(Ye) Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1850hp Shvetsov M-82FN Speed: 670km/h Ceiling: 11300m Range: 1140km Armament: 2*g20mm I-215, Alexeev Twin-engined jet fighter similar to the German Me 262. I-220, Mikoyan-Gurevich First prototype of the I-220 series. I-220, Nikitin-Shevchenko See IS-2. I-221, Mikoyan-Gurevich Second prototype of the I-220 series. I-222, Mikoyan-Gurevich Third prototype of the I-220 series. A production version, the MiG-7, was cancelled. I-224, Mikoyan-Gurevich Fourth prototype of the I-220 series. I-225, Mikoyan-Gurevich Fifth prototype of the I-220 series. The I-220 was a specialized high-altitude interceptor of advanced design, but no high-altitude threat was expected and the I-220 was not produced. The I-225 was the fastest Soviet piston-engined fighter ever built. Type: I-225(A) Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2200hp Mikulin AM-42FB Speed: 726km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: I-230, Mikoyan-Gurevich First prototype of the I-230 series. I-231, Mikoyan-Gurevich Second prototype of the I-230 series. The I-230 was a less advanced backup programme for the I-220, without turbochargers or pressure cabin. Type: I-231 Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1700hp Mikulin AM-39 Speed: 707km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*g20mm I-250(N), Mikoyan-Gurevich A small mixed-power fighter with a piston engine in the nose and a 'booster' in the tail. 50 built, and in service until 1950. Type: I-250(N) Function: fighter Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1650hp Klimov VK-107R 1 * 300kg Khalshchevnikov VRDK Speed: 825km/h Ceiling: 11900m Range: 1820km Armament: 1*g23mm 2*mg12.7mm I-270(ZH), Mikoyan-Gurevich The I-270(ZH) was a rockt-powered target defence fighter, with straight wings and a T-tail. Both prototypes destroyed, programme cancelled. Type: I-270(ZH) Function: fighter Year: 1947 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1450kg RD-2M-3V Speed: 1000km/h Ceiling: 18000m Range: 9 minutes, 3 seconds power. Armament: 2*g23mm I-300, Mikoyan-Gurevich See MiG-9. I-301, Mikoyan-Gurevich The I-301T was a two-seat trainer development of the MiG-9. Two built. I-301, Lavochkin, Goudkov and Gorbunov See LaGG-3. I-305, Mikoyan-Gurevich Version of the MiG-9 with two Lyulka TR-1 engines. One built. I-307, Mikoyan-Gurevich The MiG-9F, a development with RD-21 engines. I-308, Mikoyan-Gurevich The MiG-9FR. I-310, Mikoyan-Gurevich See MiG-15. I-320(R), Mikoyan-Gurevich Twin-engined all-wheater fighter. The engines were fitted in tandem, one exhausting just after the wing, the other under the tail. A circular nose intake was used with a radar cone on the upper lip, and side-by-side seating for the crew members. The Yak-25 was preferred. Three built. Type: I-320(R) Function: fighter Year: 1950 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 2270kg Klimov RD-45F Speed: 1060km/h Ceiling: 15100m Range: Armament: 3*g37mm I-330, Sukhoi See Su-1. I-330, Mikoyan-Gurevich See MiG-17. I-340, Mikoyan-Gurevich The I-340 was a development of the MiG-17 with two 2200kg Mikulin AM-5 engines. This was the engine installation of the I-360 or MiG-19. 1952. I-350, Mikoyan-Gurevich Single-seat fighter with a Lyulka TR-3 engine, similar in general outline to the MiG-17. The TR-3 was unrelaible, and the I-350 was rebuilt with paired Mikulin AM-5 engines. Type: I-350(M) Function: Year: 1953 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * Mikulin AM-5 Speed: 1120km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: I-360, Sukhoi See Su-3. I-360, Mikoyan-Gurevich Derivative of the I-350, designed from the outset for two Mikulin Am-5 engines. Prototype of the MiG-19. I-370, Mikoyan-Gurevich See I-1. I-380, Mikoyan-Gurevich See I-3. I-410, Mikoyan-Gurevich See I-3. IL-1, Polikarpov See I-1. Il-1, Ilyushin Heavily armoured single-seat fighter-bomber. No production. Type: Il-1 Function: fighter-bomber Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Il-2, Ilyushin 'Bark' A heavily armoured ground-attack monoplane, the backbone of the Soviet ground-attack units in WWII. Probably the military aircraft with the largest production ever: 36163. The second crewman with the gun for rear protection was introduced in 1942, in the Il-2m version. Type: Il-2m3 Function: attack Year: 1942 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1720hp Mikulin AM-38F Wing Span: 14.60m Length: 11.65m Height: 4.17m Wing Area: 38.50m2 Empty Weight: 4525kg Max.Weight: 6360kg Speed: 410km/h Ceiling: 6360m Range: 765km Armament: 2*g23mm 2*mg7.62mm 1*mg12.7mm b1000kg 8*r82mm IL-3, Polikarpov See I-1. Il-4, Ilyushin 'Bob' Twin-engined medium bomber, a development of the DB-3, and originally known as the DB-3F. The Il-4 was not an advanced aircraft, but it served as the standard long-range bomber. Some attacks on Berlin were highly publicised. total production of the DB-3/Il-4 was approx 6800. Type: Il-4 Function: bomber Year: 1940 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 1100hp M-88B Speed: 429km/h Ceiling: 9700m Range: 3800km Armament: 3*mg7.62mm b2500kg Il-8, Ilyushin Ground attack aircraft. No production. AM-42 engine. Il-10, Ilyushin 'Beast' Development of the Il-2 used during the final stages of WWII and in Korea. Approx 6960 built. Type: Il-10 Function: attack Year: 1945 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 2000hp Mikulin AM-42 Speed: 507km/h Ceiling: 7500m Range: 1000km Armament: 2*g23mm 2*mg7.62mm 1*g20mm b400kg 8*r82mm Il-12, Ilyushin 'Coach' Transport, intended as an DC-3 replacement. 663 built according to Ilyushin, but figures as high as 3000 are given. Type: Il-12 Function: transport Year: 1946 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 1850hp Shvetsov ASh-82FN Speed: 253mph Ceiling: 21980ft Range: 1240mls Load: 21 seats Il-14, Ilyushin 'Crate' Twin-engined transport, development of the Il-12. Over 1000 built, some sources claiming more than 3500. Type: Il-14 Function: transport Year: 1953 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1900hp Shvetsov ASh-82T Speed: 268mph Ceiling: 24278ft Range: 1086mls Load: 26 seats Il-16, Ilyushin Ground-attack monoplane. Few built, and never entered service. Il-18, Ilyushin Four-engine turboprop airliner. About 800 were built, and approximately 25 entered military service as VIP transports. It was also developed into the Il-20 ELINT aircraft and the Il-38 maritime patrol aircraft. Some Il-18s also carried loads of electronic equipment, and were oficially described as research aircraft. Type: Il-18D Function: transport Year: 1965 Crew: 5 Engines: 4 * 3169kW Ivchenko AI-20M Wing Span: 37.40m Length: 35.90m Height: 10.17m Wing Area: 140m2 Empty Weight: 35000kg Max.Weight: 64000kg Speed: 675km/h Ceiling: 10000m Range: 6500km Load: Il-20, Ilyushin Ground attack aircraft. 2700hp AM-47F engine, 1948. No production. The designation Il-20 was reused for the civil version of the Il-28 bomber and for the Il-20 'Coot' ELINT aircraft. Il-20, Ilyushin 'Coot-A' Electronic reconaissance version of the Il-18 civil transport. The structure was identical, but the Il-20 carries as SLAR, infrared line scanners, and numerous other sensors. Type: Il-20 'Coot-A' Function: ECM Year: 1978 Crew: 15 Engines: 4 * 4250hp Ivchenko AI-20M Speed: 704km/h Ceiling: 10000m Range: 2600km Il-22, Ilyushin First Soviet jet bomber. Abandoned in favour of the Il-28. Type: Il-28 Function: bomber Year: 1947 Crew: Engines: 4 * 1300kg Lyulka TR-1 Speed: 718km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: Armament: Il-22, Ilyushin 'Coot-B' Airborne command center version of the Il-18. Il-28, Ilyushin 'Beagle' / 'Mascot' The first Soviet jet bomber. It was an orthodox design with a straight wing, swept tail surfaces, and two big underwing engines. Type: Il-28 Function: bomber Year: 1948 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 2740kg Klimov VK-1 Speed: 900km/h Ceiling: 12300m Range: 2180km Armament: 4*g23mm b3000kg Il-30, Ilyushin Jet bomber. No production. Type: Il-30 Function: bomber Year: 1951 Crew: Engines: 2 * 4600kg TR-3 Speed: 1000km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Il-38, Ilyushin 'May' Maritime patrol and ASW aircraft, developed from the Il-18. The Il-38 has a short front fuselage and a much longer aft fuselage, and two bomb bays. About 100 were built. Type: Il-38 Function: reconaissance / ASW Year: 1971 Crew: 12 Engines: 4 * 4250hp Ivchenko AI-20M Wing Span: Length: 39.57m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 724km/h Ceiling: 11000m Range: 7240km Armament: Il-40, Ilyushin 'Brawny' Jet-engined armoured ground attack aircraft. No production Type: Il-40 Function: attack Year: 1953 Crew: Engines: 2 * 2700kg Mikulin AM-5F Speed: 1010km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 4*h37mm 2*mg23mm Il-46, Ilyushin Unsuccesfull jet bomber design, a development of the Il-28. Two built. The Tu-16 was preferred. Type: Il-46 Function: bomber Year: 1952 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 5000kg Lyulka AL-5 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*g23mm Il-54, Ilyushin 'Blowlamp' Jet bomber, unsuccesful competitor of the Yak-28. Il-76, Ilyushin 'Candid' / 'Midas ' / 'Mainstay' Similar in appearance to the U.S. C-141 but superior in many respects, the Il-76 is the main transport aircraft of the Soviet forces. It is also used by civil operators. The military version often has a tail gun turret and ECM equipment. It is a much-used platform for other missions, including the Il-78 'Midas' tanker and A-50 'Mainstay' AWACS aircraft. A version of the Il-76 as a firefighting aircraft carrying 42000 liters of fire retardant also exists. Iraq development its own AWACS, called 'Adnan', from the Il-76. Type: Il-76T 'Candid-A' Function: transport Year: 1974 Crew: 7 Engines: 4 * 120kN Soloviev D-30KP Wing Span: 50.5m Length: 46.59m Height: Wing Area: 300m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 170000kg Speed: 850km/h Ceiling: 15500m Range: 6500km Load: 47000kg Il-78, Ilyushin 'Midas' Tanker derivative of the Il-76 transport. Il-102, Ilyushin A low-wing, well-armoured twin-engined ground attack aircraft. The Il-102 is a two-seater with the second crewmember in an aft-facing position behind the wing, directing guns in the extreme tail. In all, this aircraft looks anachronistic. The Su-25 was selected for production. Type: Il-102 Function: attack Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 18300lb Klimov RD-33 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*g30mm IL-400, Polikarpov See I-1. Ilya Mourometz, Sikorsky Igor Sikorsky built the world's first four-engined aircraft, the Rusky Vitaz, in 1913. The Ilya Moroumetz was a bomber development; around 80 were used by the Russian heavy bomber units during WWI, in several version and with the available engines. Sometimes only two engines were fitted. The V is the third letter of the cyrillic alphabet. Type: Ilya Moroumetz V Function: bomber Year: 1915 Crew: 7 Engines: 4 * 110kW Sunbeam Speed: 120km/h Ceiling: 3000m Range: Armament: 4-7*mg 520kg IP-1, Grigorovich Low-wing monoplane fighter. The IP-1 prototype carried four recoilless guns, with five rounds each; two 7.62mm guns were fitted to assist in aiming. Production aircraft carried two 20mm cannon and six 7.62mm guns. 1934. IP-4, Grigorovich Fighter, armed with four 45mm cannon. IS, Silvanky One of the most laughable aircraft ever built in Russia. The IS was a low-wing monoplane fighter of mixed construction. It was found out that, due to a 'miscalculation' the undercarriage wouldn't fit in the wheel wells, so it was shortened. Then the propeller had to be cropped to achieve ground clearance. The test pilot managed to get it up to 300m and land safely, then declared it unflyable. Type: IS Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1100hp Tumansky M-88 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: IS-1, Sjevtsjenko-Nikitin The IS-1 was a compromise between biplane and monoplane fighters: it was both. The lower wing could be retracted upwards, flush with the forward fuselage and the upper wing, while the wheels retracted into the lower wing surfaces. Only experimental. Type: IS-1 Function: experimental fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1100hp Shvetsov M-63 Speed: 453km/h Ceiling: Range: 600km Armament: 4*mg7.62mm IS-2, Sjevtsjenko-Nikitin Development of the IS-1. Projected, but not built, was the IS-4 with a 1215kW M-120 engine and a top speed of 720km/h. Type: IS-2 Function: experimental fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1150hp Tumansky M-88 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.62mm ITP, Polikarpov Heavy cannon-armed fighter. Two built, because Yakovlev had already adapted the Yak-9 to carry the 37mm cannon. Type: ITP(M-1) Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1650hp Klimov M-107P Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 8.95m Height: Wing Area: 16.45m2 Empty Weight: 2960kg Max.Weight: 3570kg Speed: 655km/h Ceiling: 10400m Range: 1280km Armament: 1*g37mm 2*g20mm b400kg IZ, Grigorovich Single-seat low-wing monoplane fighter, prototype of the PI-1. --J--------------------------------------------------------------------- --K--------------------------------------------------------------------- K-7, Kalinin The K-7 was an experimental heavy bomber. Basically it was an enormous, thick, elliptical flying wing design, with twin tail booms, a nacelle protruding from the leading edge, and four-wheeled landing gear -- each two wheels enclosed in enormous fairings, that contined internal bomb-bays. The single prototype broke up in the air. Type: K-7 Function: bomber Year: 1933 Crew: 19 Engines: 6 * 800hp M-34F Speed: 225km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 1000km Armament: 9000kg 3*g20mm 6*mg K-12, Kalinin Tailless bomber prototype. No production. Type: K-12 Function: bomber Year: 1936 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 480hp M-22 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ka-8, Kamov Precursor of the Ka-10. The Ka-8 was a single-seat helicopter with a 27hp M-76 engine, boosted to 45hp by using alcohol for fuel. 1947. Ka-10, Kamov 'Hat' Single-seat observation helicopter, not much more than an open rig with an engine and coaxial rotors. 12 built. Type: Ka-10 Function: observation Year: 1950 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 41kW Ivchenko AI-4V Speed: 90km/h Ceiling: Range: 95km Armament: Ka-15, Kamov 'Hen' Utility helicopter. Type: Ka-15 Function: utility Year: 1952 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 225hp Ivchenko AI-14V Speed: 150km/h Ceiling: 3050m Range: Armament: Ka-18, Kamov 'Hog' Utility helicopter, development of the Ka-15 with a lengthened fuselage and more powerful engine. About 200 built. Type: Ka-18 Function: utility Year: 1955 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 275hp Ivchenko AI-14VF Speed: Ceiling: Range: Load: 3 seats Ka-20, Kamov 'Harp' Precursor of the Ka-25. Ka-22, Kamov 'Hoop' Compound helicopter, only a prototype. The Ka-22 had side-by-side rotors, instead of Kamov's usual coaxial ones. Type: Ka-22 Function: experimental Year: 1961 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 5700hp Ivchenko AI-20V Speed: 356km/h Ceiling: 2560m Range: Armament: Ka-25, Kamov 'Hormone' ASW helicopter with a short, stubby fuselage and contrarotating, coaxial rotors. The contra-rotating rotors eliminated the need for an anti- torque tail rotor, and made a very compact design possible, with obvious benefits for shipboard operations. Type: Ka-25 'Hormone' Function: ASW, utility and SAR helicopter Year: 1965 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 900hp Glushenko GTD-3 Speed: 193km/h Ceiling: 3350m Range: 650km Armament: Ka-26, Kamov 'Hoodlum' Small utility helicopter. Most of the fuselage is rectangular, removable box. 850 built. Type: Ka-26 Function: utility Year: 1970 Crew: 1-2 Engines: 2 * 325hp Vedeneyev M-14V-26 Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: 3000m Range: 1200km Load: 900kg Ka-27, Kamov 'Helix' Improved version of the Ka-25. Ka-28, Kamov 'Helix' Export version of the Ka-27. Ka-29, Kamov 'Helix' Shipboard attack helicopter. The Ka-29 is a development of the Ka-27 with a more rectangular nose, containing a 7.62mm gun, and attacchment points for more external armament. Ka-32, Kamov 'Helix' Development of the Ka-27. The Ka-32 is a civil version, but it could find military buyers as well, especially in the Ka-32 naval version. Ka-50, Kamov 'Hokum' Attack helicopter, a single-seat helicopter with Kamov's familiar contra-rotating rotors. Existence of the Ka-50 was denied as late as 1990; but recently every attempt has made to sell it to foreign customers, under the nasty name of 'Werewolf'. The Ka-50 is a good performer, but it is thought that the single-seat layout imposes a very high workload on the pilot. Type: Ka-50 Function: attack Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 1660kW Isotov TV3-117VK Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: 310km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: Armament: 1*g30mm Ka-118, Kamov Reported designation of a single-engined, medium-sized helicopter of NOTAR configuration. Ka-126, Kamov 'Hoodlum' Development of the Ka-26 with one 720hp TV-0-100 engine. Kasnyanenko 5 Experimental fighter biplane. The propeller was fitted at the extreme tail, behind the tail surfaces, and driven by a long shaft. Kioni 5 Konyok Gorbunok Development of the Anatra D. 30 built. Used as trainer until replaced by the U-2. KOMTA Twin-engined bomber, one built. KOR-2, Beriev A small float biplane, the standard catapult aircraft for cruisers. Type: KOR-1 Function: reconaissance Year: 1938 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 750hp M-25 Speed: 240km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 500km Armament: 2*mg b100kg KOR-2, Beriev The KOR-2 was an elegant parasol-wing flying boat. A pylon on top of the fuselage carried an enormous radial engine, and the inverted gull wing. Production was interrupted by the German invasion of 1941, but later restarted. Type: KOR-2 Function: reconaissance Year: 1941 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 670kW Shvetsov M-62 Wing Span: 12m Length: 10.5m Height: 4.05m Wing Area: 25.5 m2 Empty Weight: 2055kg Max. Weight: 2760kg Speed: 360km/h Ceiling: 8100m Range: 950km Armament: 1*mg7.62mm 300kg KR-1 License-built German Heinkel He 55 biplane flying boat. KR-6, Tupolev Escort fighter version of the R-6 (ANT-7). KT, Antonov The idea was to fit biplane wings and twin tailbooms to a five-ton tank; a prototype was built and flown using a turret-less tank. --L--------------------------------------------------------------------- L-29 Delfin, Aero Standard trainer of the WarPac countries, a small jet aircraft with a straight wing. Over 2000 were delivered to the USSR. Production ended in 1973. Type: L-29 Function: trainer Year: 1963 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 890kg Motorlet M 701 VC-150 Speed: 655km/h Ceiling: 11000m Range: 895km L-39 Albatros, Aero Standard trainer of WarPac countries, the successor to the L-29. There also is a single-seat attack version. Type: L-39 Function: trainer Year: 1972 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1720kg Ivchenko AI-25-TL Speed: 750km/h Ceiling: 11000m Range: 1750km Armament: La-5, Lavochkin After designing the LaGG-1, the three designers split. It soon became obvious that the only cure for the shortcomings of the LaGG-3 was a new, more powerful engine. The best alternative was the M-82 radial. Lavochkin managed to modify the LaGG-3 to accept this engine, despite the lack of official support. The La-5 entered service in 1942. In its developed La-5FN version it was superior to the German fighters at low and medium altitudes. Its disadvantages were primitive equipment, a bounce-inducing undercarriage, and in the early stages very poor production quality. Type: La-5FN Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1850hp Shvetsov ASh-82FN Wing Span: 9.80m Length: 8.60m Height: 2.54m Wing Area: 17.50m2 Empty Weight: 2800kg Max. Weight: 3360kg Speed: 648km/h Ceiling: 9500m Range: 775km Armament: 2*g20mm 2*b100kg La-7, Lavochkin Development of the La-5, incorporating changes recommended by the TsAGI to reduce drag. The La-7 had excellent performance and handling, but its standard of equipment remained extremely austere. 5753 built. Type: La-7 Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1850hp Shvetsov M-82FN Speed: 680km/h Ceiling: 9500m Range: 990km Armament: 3*g20mm La-9, Lavochkin The La-9 was a development of the La-126. The big problem of the La-9 series was the continuing unavailability of new, more powerful engines, and it never reached its full potential. Type: La-9 Function: fighter Year: 1946 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Shevtsov ASh-82FN Speed: 690km/h Ceiling: 11130m Range: 1735km Armament: 4*g23mm La-11, Lavochkin Similar to the La-9, but with a longer range, due to tip tanks and reduced armament. Used in the Korean war. Type: La-11 Function: fighter Year: 1948 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Shvetsov ASh-82FN Speed: 647km/h Ceiling: 11000m Range: 2250km Armament: 3*g23mm La-15, Lavochkin 'Fantail' Swept-wing jet fighter, a less succesfull contemporary of the MiG-15. It was a development of the La-172. 500 built. Type: La-15 Function: fighter Year: 1949 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * RD-500 Speed: 1026km/h Ceiling: 13760m Range: 1170km Armament: 2*g23mm La-17, Lavochkin Radio-controlled target drone. La-71, Lavochkin Version of the La-7. ?? La-120, Lavochkin Bureau designation of the La-7. La-126, Lavochkin All-metal fighter aircraft. Despite its similarity to the La-7, the La-126 was an all-new design, with a laminar-flow wing. It was the basis for the La-9 fighter. Type: La-126 Function: fighter Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Shvetsov M-82FN Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*g20mm La-130, Lavochkin Bureau designation of the La-9. La-138, Lavochkin Version of the La-9 with VRD-430 pulse jets slung under the wing. When they were not in use the drag was too high, and when they were in use the fuel consumption was to high. Some La-9RD's and La-126PVRD were also built, with RD-13 pulse jets, and a Yak-7PVRD had DM-4 pulse jets. La-140, Lavochkin Bureau designation of the La-11. La-150, Lavochkin The first jet fighter of the Lavochkin bureau. The La-150 had a straight shoulder wing. The engine intake was in the nose, the engine outlet ended after the wing, below the tail, to reduce trust losses. The engine was a copy of the German Jumo 004. Five built. Type: La-150 Function: fighter Year: 1946 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 850kg RD-10 Speed: 805km/h Ceiling: 12500m Range: 500km Armament: 2*g23mm La-152, Lavochkin Jet fighter. Differed from the La-150 in that it was a mid- wing aircraft with the pilot positioned aft of the engine. Type: La-152 Function: fighter Year: 1946 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 900kg RD-10 Speed: 778km/h Ceiling: Range: 492km Armament: 2*g23mm La-154, Lavochkin The second La-152. La-156, Lavochkin The third La-152. Differences between La-152, -154 and -156 were minor. La-160, Lavochkin The La-160 was a swept-wing development of the La-152. It was the first swept-wing Soviet fighter. Used mainly for research, because the aircraft was too small to carry much fuel or armament. Type: La-160 Function: fighter Year: 1947 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1170kg RD-10F Speed: 1060km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*g37mm La-168, Lavochkin The La-168 had an high-set, swept wing. In contrast with the La-150/152/160/174TK series, the engine nozzle was at the extreme tail. It was designed around the newly-acquired R.R. Nene engine, but lost to the competing MiG-15. Type: La-168 Function: fighter Year: 1948 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2270kg R.R. Nene Speed: 1084km/h Ceiling: Range: 1275km Armament: 2*g23mm 1*g37mm La-172, Lavochkin The La-172 was essentially lighter, smaller La-186, with the less powerful R.R. Derwent engine. One built. Type: La-172 Function: fighter Year: 1948 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1600kg NII-1 Speed: 1040km Ceiling: Range: 1300km Armament: 3*g23mm La-174D, Lavochkin Prototype of the La-15, similar to the La-168 but smaller. La-174TK, Lavochkin The La-174TK was developed in parallel to the La-172; it reverted to the configuration of the La-152 and had very thin, unswept wings. Type: La-174TK Function: fighter Year: 1948 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1600kg NII-1 Speed: 965km/h Ceiling: Range: 960km Armament: 3*g23mm La-176, Lavochkin The La-176 was a swept-wing fighter similar to the La-168, but with increased wing sweep and the VK-1 (R.R. Nene) engine. It was the first Soviet aircraft to exceed Mach 1 in a dive. One built. Type: La-176 Function: fighter Year: 1948 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2700kg Klimov VK-1 Speed: 1010km/h Ceiling: Range: 1000km Armament: La-180, Lavochkin Factory designation of the La-15UTI trainer version. La-190, Lavochkin The La-190 was designed as an high-speed fighter. One built, only flown eight times. Type: La-190 Function: fighter Year: 1951 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 4600kg Lyulka AL-5 Speed: 1190km/h Ceiling: 15600m Range: 1150km Armament: 2*g37mm La-200, Lavochkin All-wheater fighter. The two VK-1 engines were placed behind each other in the fuselage, to reduce drag; the foremost engine's exhaust nozzle being under the wing. This was one way of fitting two bulky centrifugal jet engines in a low-drag configuration. Production was envisaged but later cancelled in favour of fighters with a longer range. A extensively modified La-200B was built to fulfill the new requirement, but preference was given to the Yak-25. Several nose intake configurations were tried out. Type: La-200 Function: fighter Year: 1949 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 2700kg Klimov VK-1 Speed: 1062km/h Ceiling: 14125m Range: 1165km Armament: 3*g37mm La-250, Lavochkin Delta winged long-range all-wheater interceptor. Three built. Type: La-250 Function: fighter Year: 1956 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 9000kg Lyulka AL-7F Speed: 2000km/h Ceiling: 18000m Range: Armament: LaG-5, Gorbunov This was Gorbunov's attempt at reengining the LaGG-3 with the ASh-82 engine. (There were large stocks of this engine, hence the choice of the trio for it.) The LaG-5 was accepted, but never entered production, because the La-5 was superior. Type: LaG-5 Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1700hp Shvetsov M-82 Speed: 554km/h Ceiling: 9500m Range: Armament: 2*g20mm LaGG-1, Lavochkin, Gorbunov and Goudkov Wooden monoplane fighter. The carefully-built, well-polished prototype had a good performance; the heavier, poorly-built production aircraft had bad performance and dangerous flying characteristics. Type: LaGG-1 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1100hp Klimov M-105P Speed: 600km/h Ceiling: 9600m Range: 660km Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg7.62mm LaGG-3, Lavochkin, Gorbunov and Goudkov Refined LaGG-1, with slats and horn balance on the rudder, and a more powerful engine. The LaGG-3 was disliked intensily by its pilots. Production problems continued, some factories delivering unairworthy aircraft. Series production aircraft were up to 40km/h slower than those tested by the VVS, so the numbers given are optimistic... Development resulted in 21 major versions, all simply called LaGG-3. 6258 built. Type: LaGG-3 series 4 to 7 Function: fighter Year: 1941 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1100hp Klimov M-105PA Speed: 549km/h Ceiling: 9300m Range: 870km Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg7.62mm 1*mg12.7mm Lebed VII A copy of the Sopwith Tabloid with a 80hp Gnome engine. Lebed X The Lebed X was built as a single-seat fighter and two-seat reconaissance aircraft. Prototypes only. Type: Lebed X Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 80hp Gnome Speed: 135km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Lebed XI Precursor of the Lebed 12. Only 10 built. Type: Lebed XI Function: reconaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 110kW Salmson Speed: 135km/h Ceiling: 3500m Range: Armament: 2*mg b90kg Lebed XII Two-seat reconaissance biplane, developed from the German Albatros. 214 built. Type: Lebed 12 Function: reconaissance Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 150hp Salmson Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Lebed XIV Bomber; the prototype was never flown. Type: Lebed XIV Function: Year: 1915 Crew: 4 Engines: 2* Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Li-2, Lisunov 'Cab' Soviet-built DC-3. Over 2800 built. LL, Tsybin Research aircraft with forward swept wings. The LL had a streamlined Bell X-1 like fuselage and swept tail surfaces. It seems to have been intended to fit it with a rocket engine, but it is sure whether this was ever done. LL, Kurchewski-Lavochkin A fast single-seat fighter. The cocpit was flush with the top of the fuselage, and the pilot was provided with a periscope! The air force critisized this design feature rather sharply. The project was cancelled later. LL-143, Beriev See Be-6. LR, Kotsjerigin Light reconaissance biplane, a development of the R-5. The R-Z was preferred. Type: LR Function: reconaissance Year: 1934 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 800hp M-34 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg b200kg --M--------------------------------------------------------------------- M-4, Myasichew 'Bison' It is said that Tupolev selected turboprop engines for the Tu-95 intercontinental bomber because it was known known that the range requirement could not be fulfilled with jet engines. Myasichew had the bad luck to prove this. The M-4 was short on range; production was limited and the aircraft were used as patrol aircraft and tankers. Type: M-4 'Bison-A' Function: bomber Year: 1955 Crew: 1956 Engines: 4 * 8700kg Mikulin AM-3D Speed: 900km Ceiling: 13000m Range: 11000km Armament: 10*g23mm 10000kg M-5, Grigorovitsj Biplane flying boat. Around 300 built. Type: M-5 Function: reconaissance Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 100hp Gnome Monosoupape Wing Span: 13.62m Length: 8.60m Height: Wing Area: 37.90m2 Empty Weight: 660kg Max.Weight: 960kg Speed: 105km/h Ceiling: 3300m Range: 4hrs Armament: 1*mg7.62mm M-9, Grigorovich Biplane flying boat. Around 500 built. Type: M-9 Function: Year: Crew: Engines: 1 * 150hp Salmson Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: M-10, Beriev See Be-10. M-11, Grigorovitsj Biplane flying boat. Type: M-11 Function: fighter Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: M-12, Beriev AV-MF designation of the Be-12. M-15, Grigorovitsj Biplane flying boat with a pusher engine. Type: M-15 Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 140hp Hispano-Suiza Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: M-17, Myasishchev 'Mystic' An high-altitude aircraft with an high-aspect ratio U-2 like wing and twin tail booms. The obvious role is reconaissance, but the M-17 was in fact designed to hunt reconaissance balloons --- in the '50s and also in the '80s, the US used high-altitude balloons for recce missions over the USSR. The later M-55 or M-17RM was twin-engined and optimized for reconaissance. A two-seat version is under development and will enter service in 1997. Type: M-17 'Mystic-A' Function: balloon interceptor Year: 1978 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 117.7kN Koliesev RD-36-51V Wing Span: 40.32m Length: 22.27m Height: 4.87m Wing Area: 137.7m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 18400kg Speed: 743km/h Ceiling: 21550m Range: 1315km Armament: 1*g23mm Type: M-17RM Function: reconaissance Year: 1988 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 93.2kN PS-30V12 Wing Span: 37.46m Length: 22.87m Height: Wing Area: 131.6m2 Empty Weight: 14000kg Max.Weight: 23800kg Speed: Ceiling: 20000m Range: 4965km Load: 1500kg M-24, Grigorovich Biplane flying boat, an obsolete design. 60 built. Type: M-24bis Function: reconaissance Year: 1923 Crew: Engines: 1 * 194kW Renault V-8 Wing Span: 16.00m Length: 9.00m Height: Wing Area: 55m2 Empty Weight: 1200kg Max.Weight: 4000kg Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: Armament: 1*mg7.62mm 100kg M-50, Myasichew 'Bounder' One writer commented on the M-50 that it was 'an outstanding failure which revealed an embarassing lack of understanding of the problems of high-speed flight.' The truth is that little is known about Bounder. It was a fast jet bomber with four engines, two under the wing and two on the tips of its truncated delta wing. Type: M-50 Function: bomber Year: 1960 Crew: Engines: 4 * 28660lb Soloviev D-15 Speed: M1.4 Ceiling: Range: Armament: M-52, Myasichew 'Bounder' Second prototype of the M-50, fited with the Zubets engines around which the aircraft had been designed. M-55, Myasichew 'Mystic' Factory designation for the twin-engined version of the M-17, known as M-17RM to the military. M-62, Bartini See VVA-14. M-201, Myasichew Version of the M-4. MB, Mosca Monoplane reconaissance fighter, designed by the Italian Mosca. More than 50 were built of the MB Bis single-seat fighter version; the original MB was a two-seat reconaissance aircraft. Type: MB bis Function: fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 80hp Le Rhone Speed: 130km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg MBR-2, Beriev Monoplane flying boat, a shoulder-wing aircarft with a pusher engine on high struts. Approx 1400 built. Later models switched to the 830hp Mikulin AM-34N engine. Used until the end of WWII. Type: MBR-2 Function: reconaissance Year: 1933 Crew: 4-5 Engines: 1 * 680hp M-17 Wing Span: 19m Length: 13.5m Height: Wing Area: 55m2 Empty Weight: 2475kg Max Weight: 4100kg Speed: 248km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 1200km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm b300kg MBR-4 Version of the Italian Sovoia-Marchetti SM62 biplane flying boat, built in Taganrog. Isotta-Fraschini Asso engine, 750hp. MBR-7, Beriev Replacement for the MBR-2. Not put in production. Type: MBR-7 Function: reconaissance Year: 1939 Crew: Engines: 1 * 950hp M-103 Speed: 377km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 2*mg7.62mm 500kg MDR-2, Tupolev All-metal flying boat. No production. Type: MDR-2 Function: reconaissance Year: 1931 Crew: Engines: 2 * 650hp M)17 Speed: 217km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: MDR-4, Tupolev Three-engined development of the MDR-2. 15 built. Type: MDR-4 Function: reconaissance Year: 1936 Crew: Engines: 3 * 950hp M-34R Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: MDR-5, Beriev Long-range patrol flying built. No production, because the competing MDR-6 was preferred. Type: MDR-5 Function: reconaissance Year: 1938 Crew: Engines: 2 * 950hp M-87A Speed: 335km/h Ceiling: Range: 1750km Armament: 2*mg 800kg MDR-6, Chetverikov See Che-2. MF.7, Maurice Farman French pusher biplane, a 1913 design with a rotary engine. Popular with Russian crews, and in combat service until 1917. MI, Tupolev See ANT-21. Mi-1, Mil 'Hare' Liaison and utility helicopter, several hundreds built. Type: Mi-1 Function: liaison Year: 1949 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 420kW Lyulka Al-26V Speed: 170km/h Ceiling: Range: 650km Load: 3 seats Mi-2, Mil 'Hoplite' Replacement for the Mi-1. Production was undertaken in Poland. The Mi-2 was developed from the Mi-1 by fitting turbine engines on the cabin roof. Type: Mi-2 Function: utility Year: 1961 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 335kW Isotov GTD-350P Speed: 210km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 580km Load: 8 seats, 700kg MI-3, Tupolev Twin-engined multi-seat fighter. The MI-3 was an all-metal monoplane with retractable undercarriage, of stressed-skin construction with partial flush riveting. The engines were copies of the BMW VI. Only one MI-3 was built; after it was lost a redesign produced the MI-3D with a single tailfin. The ANT-29 was then already the preferred aircraft, and the MI-3bsi did not enter production. Type: MI-3 Function: fighter Year: 1933 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 680hp M-17B Wing Span: 20.76m Length: 11.70m Height: Wing Area: 55.10m2 Empty Weight: 3670kg Max.Weight: 5500kg Speed: 359km/h Ceiling: Range: 1120km Armament: (1*g20mm 3*mg7.62mm) Mi-4, Mil 'Hound' Utility helicopter, replacing the Mi-1. The design of the Mi-4 was triggered by the use of helicopters of the US forces in Korea. Type: Mi-4 Function: transport Year: 1952 Crew: 3 Engines: 1 * 1700hp Shvetsov ASh-82V Speed: 160km/h Ceiling: 5500m Range: 400km Armament: Mi-6, Mil 'Hook' The Mi-6 is a big, powerful transport helicopter. Getting this large vehicle in the air was no easy task; the Mi-6 has an enormous gearbox, heavier than its engines, and often uses short wings to unload the rotor in cruise. It was not only for a long time the largest helicopter, it was also the fastest. Type: Mi-6 Function: transport Year: 1957 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 5500hp Soloviev D-25V Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: 4500m Range: 650km Load: 12000kg Mi-8, Mil 'Hip' The standard medium transport helicopter of the Soviet and many WarPac forces. The Mi-8/Mi-14/Mi-17 family is the world's most produced helicopter design. Type: Mi-8 Function: transport Year: 1962 Crew: 2-3 Engines: 2 * 1500hp Isotov TV2-117A Speed: 260km/h Ceiling: 4500m Range: 1200km Load: 4000km Mi-9, Mil 'Hip' The Mi-9 'Hip-G' is a development of the Mi-8VZPU 'Hip-D' airborne command post. Mi-10, Mil 'Harke' Crane helicopter, built in long-legged and short-legged versions. Developed from the Mi-6, with a new, shallow fuselage. Type: Mi-10 Function: crane helicopter Year: 1962 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 5500hp Soloviev D-25V Speed: 200km/h Ceiling: 3000m Range: 250km Load: 15000kg Mi-12, Mil 'Homer' The Mi-12 was the largest helicopter in the world. Two outriggers each carried two engines and a rotor. It set records, but never entered service. Three built. Type: Mi-12 Function: transport Year: 1969 Crew: Engines: 4 * 4780kW Soloviev D-25V Speed: 240km/h Ceiling: 3500m Range: 500km Load: 40000kg Mi-14, Mil 'Haze' Shore-based, navalized version of the 'Hip' with a float bottom and ASW equipment. There are alsa SAR and mine-sweeping versions. Type: Mi-14PL 'Haze-A' Function: ASW Year: 1978 Crew: Engines: 2 * 1640kW Isotov TV3-117 Speed: 230km/h Ceiling: 3500m Range: 1135km Armament: 3000kg Mi-17, Mil 'Hip' Improved Mi-8. The designation Mi-17 is for export; the USSR armed forces called it Mi-8MT. Type: Mi-17-1VA Function: utility Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 2250hp Isotov TV3-117VM Speed: 262km/h Ceiling: 6000m Range: 465km Load: 4000kg Mi-22, Mil 'Hook' The 'Hook-C' is a development of the Mi-6VKP 'Hook-B' airborne command post. Mi-24, Mil 'Hind' The Mi-24 is an assault helicopter, carrying a large weapons load, but also capable of transporting up to eight troops. Its size may have been a consequence of the selection of the Mi-8's propulsion system, and is disadvantagous in combat. It saw extensive service in Afghanistan and has also been exported to many countries. Type:Mil Mi-24 'Hind-E' Function: attack Year: 1978 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 2200hp Isotov TV3-117 Speed: 322km/h Ceiling: 4570m Range: Armament: 1*g23mm or 1*g12.7mm; 1275kg Mi-25, Mil 'Hind' Export version of the Mi-24. Mi-26, Mil 'Halo' The Mi-26 is now the world's largest transport helicopter. The Mi-26 is a straightforward extension of the Mi-6 series. Type: Mi-26T Function: transport Year: 1985 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 11240hp Lotarev D-136 Speed: 295km/h Ceiling: 4600m Range: 800km Load: 70 seats, 20000kg Mi-28, Mil 'Havoc' A two-seat attack helicopter, smaller than the Mi-24 and better optimized for the anti-tank role. The Mi-28 has two heavily armoured cockpits, a remarkable nose full with electronic equipment, and a narrow-X tail rotor. The competing Ka-50 seems to have been selected by the Russian forces. Type: Mi-28 Function: attack Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 2200hp Isotov Speed: 300km/h Ceiling: 5800m Range: Armament: Mi-30, Mil Experimental tilt-wing design. Mi-32, Mil Development of Mi-30. Mi-35, Mil 'Hind' An export version of the Mi-24 with slightly downgraded electronic equipment. MiG-1, Mikoyan-Gurevich The first of a distinguished line; but it was an unauspicious start. The MiG-1 was the smallest fighter that could be built around the AM-35 engine, that was 25% heavier than comparable western engines. Nevertheless it was a good high-altitude interceptor, but its career was cut short because the USSR concentrated on low- and medium altitude fighters, and Mikulin dropped the AM-35 engine to concentrate on the AM-38 for the Il-2. Type: MiG-1 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Mikulin AM-35A Speed: 628km/h Ceiling: 120000m Range: 730km Armament: 3*mg b200kg MiG-3, Mikoyan-Gurevich Development of the MiG-1 with only minor differences. 3422 MiG-1's and MiG-3's were built. Type: MiG-3 Function: fighter Year: 1941 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1350hp Mikulin AM-35A Speed: 640km/h Ceiling: 12000m Range: 1250km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm 1*mg12.7mm MiG-5, Mikoyan-Gurevich Designation given to a possible production version of the DIS. Often confused with the I-211. MiG-7, Mikoyan-Gurevich See I-222. MiG-8, Mikoyan-Gurevich Aerodynamic research vehicle. The MiG-8 was a small aircraft with a pusher engine, high-set swept wings, and canard foreplances on a sharply tapering 'nose-boom'. It was very un-MiG like. 1945. MiG-9, Mikoyan-Gurevich 'Fargo' The MiG-9 was the first jet fighter of the design bureau. It was an orthodox design with a straight wing and a nose intake. Performance and handling suffered because of the primitive engines, copies of the German BMW 003. 550 built. Type: MiG-9 Function: fighter Year: 1947 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 800kg RD-20F Speed: 910km/h Ceiling: 13000m Range: 920km Armament: 1*g37mm 2*g23mm MiG-13, Mikoyan-Gurevich See I-250(N). MiG-15, Mikoyan-Gurevich 'Fagot' / 'Midget' The MiG-15 was an unpleasant surprise to the West when it appeared over Korea. It had serious shortcomings in handling, equipment and armament, but its performance was superior to that of any Western fighter. The configuration, with the high-set swept wing, high tailplane and nose intake may have been inspired by the German Ta-183 design; the engine was a copy of the Rolls-Royce Nene. 'Midget' was the trainer version. The MiG-15 is the most built jet fighter, with over 18000 produced. Type: MiG-15 Function: fighter Year: 1948 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 2270kg Klimov RD-45F Speed: 1050km/h Ceiling: 15000m Range: 1420km Armament: 1*g37mm 2*g23mm MiG-17, Mikoyan-Gurevich 'Fresco' This was a thoroughly redesigned MiG-15. The MiG-17 was built in large numbers; production was also undertaken in Poland, China and Czechoslovakia. The aircraft was used by at least 22 countries. Type: MiG-17F 'Fresco-C' Function: fighter Year: 1954 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 3380kg Klimov VK-1F Speed: 1145km/h Ceiling: 15100m Range: 1470km Wing Span: 9.63m Length: 11.26m Height: Wing Area: 22.60m2 Empty Weight: 3930kg Max.Weight: 6075kg Armament: 1*g37mm 2*g23mm b500kg MiG-19, Mikoyan-Gurevich 'Farmer' The MiG-19 was the USSR's first supersonic fighter. The highly-swept, thin, sharply tapering wing was a remarkable characteristic. The MiG-19 proved to be a capable and sturdy combat aircraft, maneuvrable and armed with powerful 30mm guns. China is still building developments. Type: MiG-19S Function: fighter Year: 1956 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 3040kg Mikulin AM-5 Speed: 1452km/h Ceiling: 16500m Range: 1390km Armament: 3*g30mm b1000kg MiG-21, Mikoyan-Gurevich 'Fishbed' / 'Mongol' This tailed-delta fighter was in production for more than twenty years. Early MiG-21's were simple good-weather interceptors with a simple ranging radar, inadequately armed and with a very short operational range. Later versions were vastly more capable. They could be recognized by larger nose cones, housing radar, and enlarged fuselage spines. They were also equipped with new and more powerful engines, and blown flaps. 'Mongol' is the trainer version. Recently a series of upgrades of MiG-21s has begun, usually with Western electronics. India did build MiG-21s until 1987; China still builds MiG-21s, exporting them with the 'F-7' designation. Over 10000 must have been built. Type: MiG-21F 'Fishbed-C' Function: fighter Year: 1958 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 5670kg TDR R-37F Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max. Weight: Speed: M2 Ceiling: Range: 2030km Armament: 1*g23mm, 2 missiles Type: MiG-21MF 'Fishbed-J' Function: fighter Year: 1970 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 6600kg Tumanski R-13-300 Wing Span: 7.15m Length: 15.76m Height: 4.50m Wing Area: 23.0m2 Empty Weight: 5842kg Max. Weight: 9400kg Speed: 2230km/h Ceiling: 15250m Range: 1800km Armament: 1*g23mm 2500kg Type: MiG-21bis 'Fishbed-N' Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 61.3kN Tumanski R-25 Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max. Weight: Speed: 2230km/h Ceiling: 17980m Range: Armament: 1*g23mm 1500kg MiG-23, Mikoyan-Gurevich 'Flogger' A compact fighter with variable sweep wings. The MiG-23 combined good performance with rough-field operationality. The MiG-23BN is a ground attack version. Type: MiG-23MF 'Flogger-B' Function: fighter Year: 1974 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 12500kg Tumanski R-29B Speed: 2445km/h Ceiling: 18600m Range: 1125km Armament: 1*g23mm MiG-25, Mikoyan-Gurevich 'Foxbat' This was the USSR's answer to the design in the US of fast, high- flying aircraft as the B-70, F-108 and SR-71. The MiG-25 lacked technological refinement, but its performance caused much concern in the west. Also used as reconaissance aircraft. The MiG bureau once contemplated a six-seat transport development... Type: MiG-25PD 'Foxbat-E' Function: fighter Year: 1978 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 11200kg Mikulin-Tumansky R-15BD-300 Speed: 3000km/h Ceiling: 20700m Range: 1730km Armament: MiG-27, Mikoyan-Gurevich 'Flogger' This is a version of the MiG-23 optimized for the ground attack role, with a new nose, simpler engine intakes and nozzle, and other changes. Type: MiG-27 'Flogger-D' Function: attack Year: 1973 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 11500kg Tumanski R-29-300 Speed: 1700km/h Ceiling: 17000m Range: Armament: 1*g23mm MiG-29, Mikoyan-Gurevich 'Fulcrum' A medium-sized air superiority fighter. Fulcrum is an impressive aircraft, with good performance, armament and maneuvrability, and the ability to use rought airfields. Range is weak point. A navalized version has also been flown. Type: MiG-29 'Fulcrum-A' Function: fighter Year: 1985 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 81.4kN Tumanski RD-33 Wing Span: 11.36m Length: 17.32m Height: 4.73m Wing Area: Empty Weight: 11000kg Max.Weight: 18500kg Speed: Mach 2.3 Ceiling: 18000m Range: 2100km Armament: 1*g30mm MiG-31, Mikoyan-Gurevich 'Foxhound' Interceptor developed from the Mig-25, a two-seat MiG-31 fighter with more capable equipment and longer range. It is claimed that an unit of MiG-31 can link their radars together, to establish a search pattern -- covering a width of 800-900km with four aircraft, spaced at 200km. Type: MiG-31 Function: fighter Year: 1983 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 15500kg Perm D-30F6 Speed: 3000km/h Ceiling: Range: 3000km Armament: 1*g30mm MiG-33, Mikoyan-Gurevich Reported designation for the 'Fulcrum plus' now under test, with canard foreplanes and some degree of trust-vectoring. MiG-AT, Mikoyan-Gurevich New basic jet trainer, selected to replace the L-129 and L-39. Two prototypes built, orders expected to exceed 1200. Turbomeca-SNECMA Larzac 04-R20 engines. MK-1, Tupolev Twin-hulled flying boat. One built. Type: MK-1 Function: reconaissance Year: 1934 Crew: 8 Engines: 6 * 830hp AM-34R Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: MK-1 Rybka, Korvin Single-seat fighter biplane. It was designed for floats, but only flew with wheels or skis. One built. Type: MK-1 Function: fighter Year: 1923 Crew: Engines: 1 * 200hp Hispano-Suiza Speed: 190km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: MPI-1, Polikarpov Cannon-armed multiseat fighter. Development of the VIT-2. MR-1 Float version of the R-1. MR-5, Polikarpov Floatplane version of the R-5. MR-6, Tupolev Torpedo bomber version of the R-6. MTB-2, Tupolev Four-engined flying boat, first flown in 1937. MU-1 Float version of the U-1 (Avro 504K). MU-4, Michelson / Nikitin Biplane amphibian, intended as trainer. The Sja-2 was preferred. Type: MU-4 Function: Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 165hp MG-11F Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Mya-4, Myasichew See M-4. --N--------------------------------------------------------------------- NB(T), Polikarpov Streamlined, twin-engined bomber. First flew in juli 1944, the month of Polikarpov's death --- the NB(T) was abandoned, despite its promise. NM-1, Tsybin Technology demonstrator for the RSR project. The NM-1 was similar in layout but smaller, and had AM-5 engines. -------------------------------------------------------------------- OKA-38, Antonov Soviet version of the Fieseler Fi 156 Storch. See also Shs. OKO-6, Tairov See Ta-1. OKO-7, Tairov See Ta-3. --P--------------------------------------------------------------------- P-1, Sukhoi Experimental fighter. The P-1 was a tailed two-seat delta. It had oval jet intakes just ahead of the wing root, with twin shock cones. Armament was rectractable rocket launchers in the nose, behind the radar. The big P-1 was underpowered with the single Lyulka AL-7F engine. No production. Type: P-1 Function: fighter Year: 1958 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 10600kg Lyulka AL-7F Speed: 2050km/h Ceiling: 19500m Range: 2000km Armament: 50*r57mm P-I, Krylov Designation applied to the R-II to indicate its possible use as a trainer. P-2, Polikarpov Biplane trainer with M-6 engine. Only 55 built. P-39 Airacobra, Bell No less than 4924 of this little fighter were delivered to the USSR, its most succesfull user. The P-39 was well fit for the low-altitude fighting the USSR used it for. P-42, Sukhoi A stripped version of the Su-27, without armament or electronics, used to set time-to-height records. P-63 Kingcobra, Bell The USSR was the only nation to use the P-63 in combat. 2421 delivered. PB-100, Petlyakov Renamed Pe-2. Pe-2, Petlyakov The Pe-2 was designed by an imprisoned team as a very advanced high-altitude fighter, the VI-100. There was no need for such aircraft, and the Pe-2 went on to become a very good fast light bomber. No less than 11427 built. Type: Pe-2 Function: bomber Year: 1941 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 1210hp Klimov VK-105RF Speed: 581km/h Ceiling: 9000m Range: 1770km Armament: 6*mg b1000kg Pe-3, Petlyakov The Pe-3 was a multi-role fighter developed from the Pe-2 bomber. Only 23 were built. Type: Pe-3 Function: fighter Year: 1941 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1100hp Klimov M-105R Speed: 523km/h Ceiling: 9100m Range: 1500km Armament: 2*g20mm 2*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm Pe-3bis, Petlyakov This was a more direct fighter adaptation of the Pe-2 than the Pe-3 had been. About 300 built. Type: Pe-3bis Function: fighter Year: 1941 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 1100hp Klimov M-105RA Wing Span: 17.16m Length: 12.60m Height: 3.42m Wing Area: 40.50m2 Empty Weight: 5870kg Max.Weight: 8040kg Speed: 540km/h Ceiling: 9100m Range: 1700km Armament: 2*g20mm 2*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm Pe-4, Petlykov Pe-2 version. Klimov VK-105PF engines. Pe-8, Petlyakov The only four-engined bomber the USSR used during WWII. The USSR had no plans for strategic bombardment, and only a few attacks on Germany were flown. The Pe-8's most important claim to fame is flying Molotov to Moskow! Only 81 built, some with M-30B diesel engines or M-82 radials. Type: Pe-8 Function: bomber Year: 1940 Crew: 10 Engines: 4 *1350hp Mikulin AM-35A Speed: 438km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 4700km Armament: 2*g7.62mm 2*g20mm 2*g12.7mm b4000kg PI-1, Grigorovich. Monoplane fighter, developed from the IZ. The 75mm cannon were later replaced by 20mm ShVAK cannon. Type: PI-1 Function: fighter Year: 1934 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 715hp M-25 Speed: 435km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg 2*g75mm Po-2, Polikarpov Former U-2. PS-84, Lisunov See Li-2. PT-7, Sukhoi Development of the T-3 with a variable-geometry inlet. PT-8, Sukhoi A development of the Su-9 series, and prototype for the Su-11. --Q--------------------------------------------------------------------- --R--------------------------------------------------------------------- R-1, Polikarpov Soviet-built DH-4 / DH-9. R-1, Beriev Experimental twin-jet flying boat. Prototypes only. Type: R-1 Function: maritime patrol Year: 1952 Crew: Engines: 2 * 2740kg Klimov VK-1 Speed: 760km/h Ceiling: Range: 2000km Armament: 4*g23mm b1000kg R-II, Krylov Biplane reconaissance aircraft. The Polikarpov R-I was preferred, and only one R-II was built. Type: R-II Function: reconaissance Year: 1925 Crew: Engines: 1 * 260hp Maybach Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: R-3, Tupolev All-metal biplane. 100 built. Type: R-3 Function: reconaissance Year: 1925 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 400hp Liberty Speed: 205km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 4*mg 200kg R-5, Polikarpov Reconaissance biplane, used in the Spanish civil war and the Manchuria conflict, and still in first-line service in 1941. More than 7000 built. Type: R-5 Function: reconaissance / bomber Year: 1928 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 680hp M-17F Speed: 228km/h Ceiling: 6400m Range: 800km Armament: 2*mg7.62mm b400kg R-6, Tupolev A reconaissance aircraft and escort fighter. More than 400 built. Type: R-6 Function: reconaissance fighter Year: 1929 Crew: Engines: 2 * 533kW M-17F Speed: 230km/h Ceiling: Range: 800km Armament: 5*mg7.62mm 500kg R-12, Yakovlev Reconaissance version of the Ya-22. RD, Tupolev See ANT-25. RD-DB-1 Reconaissance bomber development of the ANT-25. Few built. RK, Bakshayev This was one of the weirdest aircraft ever to be flown. The RK was a conventional monoplane except for its telescoping wing. A thin wing with a high-aspect ratio was to be used for cruising flight; for take-off and landing a series of broad-chord wing sections would be extended from the fuselage to the wing-tip. The RK was a two-seat technology demontstrator with a 100hp M-11 engine. Flown in 1937. RK-I, Bakshayev This was an attempt to develop a fighter with the telescoping wing pioneered by the RK. The RK-I used two narrow wings in a tandem-wing arrangment; the telescopic wing 'glove' did not cover the control surfaces on the trailing edge of the rear wing. Tail and fuselage were clean and fairly conventional. Built but never flown. Intended for a VK-106 engine. 1940. RF-8, Antonov See A-7. RSR, Tsybin This was a design for a reconaissance jet that woud fly at Mach 2.8 at over 30500m. It had a slender fuselage of circular cross-section, and a very thin delta wing with engines on the wing tips. Only the smaller NM-1 technology demonstrator was built and flown. R-Z, Polikarpov Ground attack version of the R-5. Type: R-Z Function: attack Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 750hp AM-34N Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 7*mg7.62mm 500kg --S--------------------------------------------------------------------- S, Bolkhovitinov The S had a very long, slender fuselage that contained two engines in tandem in front of the wing, each driving part of a six-bladed contra-rotating propellor. The 'greenhouse' cockpit with the two seats was well aft of the small wing. Flown in 1939. No production. S-1, Sukhoi Prototype of the Su-7. S-2, Sukhoi Prototype of the Su-7. The S-2 was a little more refined than the S-1. S-12, Sikorsky Monoplane. Type: S-12 Function: Year: 1913 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 80hp Le Rhone Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: S-XVI, RBVZ Two-seat biplane designed by I. Sikorsky, intended as escort fighter for the Ily Mourometz bombers. Performance was rather low, because no sufficiently powerful engine was available. Type: S-XVI Function:fighter Year: 1915 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 80hp Gnome Speed: 120km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*mg7.7mm S-XX, RBV Biplane fighter, designed by Igor Sikorsky. No production. Type: S-XX Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 120hp Le Rhone Speed: 190km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 1*g7.7mm S-22, Sukhoi Design bureau designation for the Su-7. The S-22I was the prototype for the Su-17. S-23, Sukhoi Design bureau designation for the Su-17. SAM-6, Moskalev The SAM-6 was built to test a single-wheel landing gear. It was configurationally similar to the SAM-7, but had a conventional tail unit and was much smaller, with a 65hp engine. SAM-7, Moskalev The SAM-7 was a tailless fighter. It had a straight-tapered, unswept wing. At the wingtips large endplates with rudders were fitted. The second crew member sat at the extrme tail. One built. Type: SAM-7 Function: fighter Year: 1936 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 750hp M-34 Speed: 486km/h Ceiling: Range: 780km Armament: 4*mg7.62mm SAM-13, Moskalev A twin-engined push/pull fighter with twin tail booms. The SAM-13 was probably inspired by the Dutch Fokker D-XXIII. The tail unit was unconventional: a single fin was fitted on the center of the tailplane. One built. Type: SAM-13 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 236hp Renault MV-6 Speed: 520km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 4*mg7.62mm Saveljev Quadruplane. Type: Saveljev Function: Year: 1916 Crew: Engines: 1 * 80hp Gnome Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: SB, Tupolev This was a fast twin-engined monoplane bomber. The design was very advanced, but lacked refinement, much to the dismay of crews and maintenance personnel -- and of Stalin, who pointed out that "there are no trivialities in aviation." Succesfull in the Spanish civil war because it outpaced most fighters, but obsolete in 1941. Type: SB-2-M100A Function: bomber Year: 1935 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * 860hp Klimov M-100A Speed: 423km/h Ceiling: 9560m Range: 1450km Armament: 4*mg7.62mm b600kg SB-2, Tupolev Designation unofficially applied to a version of the Tupolev SB. The designation 'SB-2-M100A' only indicated that the SB had two M-100 engines. SB-3, Tupolev Designation unofficially applied to a version of the Tupolev SB. SD, Mikoyan-Gurevich The MiG-15bis. SF, Mikoyan-Gurevich Prototype of the MiG-17F. Sha-2, Shavrov Amphibian, approx 700 built. Type: Sha-2 Function: utility / trainer Year: 1930 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 100hp M-11 Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: Load: 1 seat Shch-1, Schetinin Single-seat fighter flying boat. See Grigorovich M-11. Shche-2, Shcherbakov A twin-engined, high-winged transport, well streamlined but with fixed landing gear. Approx 750 built. Type: Shche-2 Function: transport Year: 1942 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 150hp M-11E Speed: 154km/h Ceiling: 3000m Range: 640km Load: 14 seats Shs, Antonov Soviet version of the German Fieseler Fi 156 Storch liaison aircraft. 1940. SI, Mikoyan-Gurevich See I-330. SI-16, Mikoyan-Gurevich See MiG-17. ShB, Suchoi Armoured version of the Su-2 / BB-1. Remained experimental. 1500hp M-90 engine. SK-1, Bisnovat High-speed research aircraft. The streamlining of the small SK-1 went as far as making the cockpit flush with the top of the fuselage; the pilot's seat could be raised for take-off and landing. No production. Type: SK-1 Function: experimental Year: 1939 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1050hp M-105 Speed: Ceiling: Range: SK-2, Bisnovat Fighter development of the SK-1, with a normal cockpit aft of the wing. No production. Type: SK-2 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * Speed: 665km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: SKh, Antonov See An-2. Slyusarenko Wooden monoplane fighter. One built. Type: Slyusarenko Function: fighter Year: 1918 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 130hp Clerget Speed: 163km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: SM-1, Mikoyan-Gurevich See I-340. SM-2, Mikoyan-Gurevich See I-360. SM-9, Mikoyan-Gurevich Prototype of the MiG-19. SM-10, Mikoyan-Gurevich Experimental MiG-19 version with flight refuelling probe. SM-12, Mikoyan-Gurevich The SM-12 was a development of the MiG-19, intended as a back-up for the MiG-21 programme. The intake was replaced by a sharp-edged circular one with a rdar nose cone, the guns were deleted and missiles added. Two built. Type: SM-12PM Function: fighter Year: 1957 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * RD-9B Speed: 1720km/h Ceiling: 17400m Range: 1700km Armament: SM-30, Mikoyan-Gurevich Experimental ramp-launched MiG-19 version, with a PRD-22 rocket booster. SM-50, Mikoyan-Gurevich Experimental version of the MiG-19 with a 3200kg U-19 rocket engine added. SM-51, Mikoyan-Gurevich Development of the SM-50. SM-52, Mikoyan-Gurevich Development of the SM-50. SN, Mikoyan-Gurevich Experimental attack aircraft, a version of the MiG-17 with lateral intakes. This made room in the nose for two vertically movable 23mm cannon. SP-1, Mikoyan-Gurevich All-wheater version of the MiG-15. SP-2, Mikoyan-Gurevich Experimental all-wheater version of the MiG-17. SPB, Polikarpov Dive bomber version of the VIT-2. Two built. SR-2, Mikoyan-Gurevich Experimental version of the MiG-17 with a 3100kg Klimov VK-5F engine. Intended as tactial reconaissance aircraft. Su-1, Sukhoi Specialized high-altitude interceptor. The Su-1 relied on turbochargers to achieve its desired performance, but these were never reliable, despite continuous tampering. One built. Type: Su-1 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1100hp Klimov M-105P Wing Span: 11.50m Length: 8.42m Height: 2.71m Wing Area: 19.00m2 Empty Weight: 2495kg Max.Weight: 2875kg Speed: 641km/h Ceiling: 12500m Range: 720km Armament: 1*g23mm 2*mg7.62mm Su-2, Sukhoi Light monoplane bomber. Suffered heavy losses and was retired in 1942. Over 500 built. Type: Su-2 Function: bomber Year: 1940 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 1000hp M-88B Speed: 455km/h Ceiling: 8800m Range: 1200km Armament: 5-6*mg7.62mm b600kg Su-3, Sukhoi Development of the Su-1. The changes did not include the replacement of the unreliable turbochargers, only the clipping of the wingtips, which did little to inprove performance. One built. Su-4, Sukhoi Su-2 reengined with the 2100hp M-90 engine. One built. Su-5, Sukhoi Design competing with the I-250, combining a piston engine and the VRDK jet booster. One built. The Su-5 was a small aircraft, but due to the volume of the additional power unit, the fuselage was very deep. Type: Su-5 Function: fighter Year: 1945 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1650hp Klimov M-107A 1 * Khalshchevnikov VRDK Wing Span: 10.56m Length: 8.51m Height: Wing Area: 17.00m2 Empty Weight: 2954kg Max.Weight: 3804kg Speed: 810km/h Ceiling: 12000m Range: 600km Armament: 1*g23mm 2*mg12.7mm Su-6, Sukhoi Ground attack aircraft, few built and overshadowed by the Il-2. Type: Su-6 Function: attack Year: 1942 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 2200hp ASh-71F Speed: 526km/h Ceiling: 8000m Range: 973km Armament: 2*g37mm 2*mg7.62mm 1*mg12.7mm b400kg Su-7, Sukhoi Single-seat fighter development of the Su-6 attack aircraft. Performance was inferior to that of fighters already in development, and it was decided to add a rocket engine. No production. Type: Su-7 Function: fighter Year: 1944 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1850hp Shvetsov ASh-82FN 1 * 300kg Korolev-Glushko RD-1KhZ Wing Span: 13.50m Length: 9.14m Height: 2.85m Wing Area: 26.00m2 Empty Weight: 2600kg Max.Weight: 4360kg Speed: 705km/h Ceiling: 12750m Range: 990km Armament: Su-7, Sukhoi 'Fitter' / 'Moujik' The Su-7 was a simple ground attack aircraft, similar to a Su-9 with a swept wing replacing the delta wing. Weapons load and range were limited, and the Su-7 wasn't that useful. Type: Su-7 Function: 1956 Year: 1961 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 10000kg Lyulka Al-7F Speed: 1700km/h Ceiling: Range: 1450km Armament: 2*g30mm 2600kg Su-8, Sukhoi Twin-engined long-range attack aircraft. No production. 1944. Su-9, Sukhoi 'Fishpot' The Su-9 ad the same configuration as the MiG-21, a tailed delta, but was larger and heavier. It was a specialized all-weather interceptor for the PVOS. Built in large numbers. Type: Su-9 Function: fighter Year: 1959 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 9000kg Lyulka Al-7F Speed: M1.8 Ceiling: 16800m Range: Armament: Su-10, Sukhoi Four-engined jet bomber. Su-11, Sukhoi 'Fishpot' / 'Maiden' Development of the Su-9 with new engine, radar and armament. Type: Su-11 Function: fighter Year: 1967 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 10000kg Lyulka Al-7F-1 Speed: 1910km/h Ceiling: 17000m Range: 1125km Armament: Su-12, Sukhoi Artillery observation aircraft. The Su-12 was a twin-boom aircraft with an extensively glazed cockpit. It was too vulnerable in the jet age. One built. Type: Su-12 Function: observation Year: 1947 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 2100hp Shvetsov ASh-82 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: 4*g23mm Su-15, Sukhoi 'Flagon' The Flagon combined the tailed delta configuration of the Su-9 with twin engines, side intakes and large radar nose. It was the first really capable all-wheater interceptor of the PVOS. The Su-15 became infamous when one shot down a Korean Air Lines 747. Such incident was only a matter of time with the often rather trigger-happy PVOS... Type: Su-15 'Flagon-F' Function: fighter Year: 1967 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 70.6kN Tumansky R-13F2-300 Speed: M2.1 Ceiling: 20000m Range: 725km Armament: Su-17, Sukhoi 'Fitter' The Su-17 was a large step in the development of the Su-7 to a more useful attack aircraft. The most important change was the introduction of swivelling outer wing panels, improving take-off and landing performance, and thus allowing a larger weapons load. Type: Su-17 'Fitter-C' Function: attack Year: 1971 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 11340kg Lyulka AL-21F-3 Speed: 2304km/h Ceiling: 18000m Range: Armament: 2*g30mm 5000kg Su-19, Sukhoi Designation used, in error, in old sources to refer to the Su-24. Su-20, Sukhoi 'Fitter' Export version of the Su-17. Su-21, Sukhoi 'Flagon' Designation reported for late model Su-15's. Seems to be incorrect. Su-22, Sukhoi 'Fitter' Export version of the Su-17, reengined with the Tumansky R-29B-S-300 turbojet. Su-24, Sukhoi 'Fencer' A variable geometry strike/attack aircraft, obviously inspired by the U.S. F-111, but more optimized for the low-level tactical strike role, and with a generally lower performance. There also are reconaissance versions. Type: Su-24MK Function: attack Year: 1974 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 110kN Lyulka AL-21F3A Wing Span: 17.63m--10.36m Length: 24.53m Height: 6.19m Wing Area: 55.16m2 Empty Weight: 22320kg Max.Weight: 39700kg Speed: M1.35 Ceiling: 17500m Range: 2850km Armament: 1*g30mm Su-25, Sukhoi 'Frogfoot' Heavily armoured attack and anti-tank aircraft. The Su-25 is a well-armoured aircraft, capable of carrying a large load under its shoulder-placed wing. It was extensively used in Afghanistan, and experience there led to major improvements. A navalized version was built for the large carriers. Type: Su-25 'Frogfoot-A' Function: attack Year: 1978 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 4000kg Tumansky R-95 Speed: 975km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 1250km Armament: 1*g30mm 4400kg Su-27, Sukhoi 'Flanker' The Su-27 is a big long-range air superiority fighter, comparable to the U.S. F-15 but superior in many respects. A shipboard version of the Su-27, with canards, has been tested on Russia's first big carriers. It seems to go in production. There also is a two-seat attack version, the SU-27IB, with side-by-side seating in a reshaped nose. Type: Su-27 Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 12500kg Lyulka AL-31F Speed: M2.35 Ceiling: 18000m Range: 4000km Armament: Su-28, Sukhoi 'Frogfoot' Export version of the Su-25. Su-30, Sukhoi Two-seat long-range version of the Su-27, intended as long-range interceptor, 'Wild Weasel' aircraft and strike. Su-32, Sukhoi Primary trainer, replacing the Yak-52. Tandem-two seat aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear. Type: Su-32 Function: trainer Year: (1996) Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 265kW Vedeneyev M-14P Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Su-33, Sukhoi Carrier-fighter derivative of the Su-27, with canards aded, folding outer wing panels, strengthened undercarriage with twin nosewheels, arrester hook. The use of thrust-vectoring nozzles on the production aircraft is considered. Su-34, Sukhoi Sukhoi designation for the Su-27IB, a two-seat ground-attack version of the Su-27. The Su-27IB has side-by-side seating for two crewmembers in a widened, flattened nose, with extended wing roots and canards, a larger tail boom with rearward-looking radar, and twin-wheel landing gear. The VVS intends to replace all Su-24s with the Su-34. Type: Su-34 Function: fighter-bomber Year: 1994? Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 13300kg AL-31FM Wing Span: Length: Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 44360kg Speed: Ceiling: Range: 4000km+ Armament: 1*g30mm 8000kg Su-35, Sukhoi Improved 'glass cockpit' version of the Su-27, with canard foreplanes, more powerful radar, more powerful engines, and possibly thrust-vectoring nozzles, and an electronics upgrade. Type: Su-35 Function: fighter Year: 1994? Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 137.3kN AL-31MF Wing Span: 15.16m Length: 21.96m Height: 6.84m Wing Area: 62m2 Empty Weight: 18400kg Max.Weight: 34000kg Speed: 2440km/h Ceiling: 18000m Range: 3500km Armament: 1*g30mm 8200kg Su-37, Sukhoi Proposed multi-role combat aircraft. Given the current situation in Russia, the Su-37 will probably never fly. SVB, Polikarpov Dive bomber, development of the VIT-2. --T--------------------------------------------------------------------- T-1, Sukhoi Precursor of the Su-9. T-1, Tupolev Torpedo bomber, developed from the SB. T-3, Sukhoi Development of the T-1, one of the prototypes of the Su-9. The T-3 had an oval nose intake with a pointed radome above it for the search radar, and a second spherical radome for the tracking radar in the inlet. Lyulka AL-7F engine. T-4, Sukhoi High-speed bomber with a striking similarity to the B-70 Valkyrie. The T-4 was a big four-engined jet with a double-delta wing and canards. Four engines were fitted under the wing in rectangular housings with sharp rectangular intakes. It was fitted with a 'droop snoot' that offered good visibility in the landing configuration, but almost none in the high-speed configuration. It is believed that the 'aircraft 101' that set a Mach 1.89 record over 2000km closed circuit was a T-4. One built, 1972. Armament: T-5, Sukhoi Experimental development of the Su-9. The afterbody fuselage flared out to contain two Tumansky R-11F engines, making the T-5 looking very odd. T-6, Sukhoi Experimental attack aircraft. The T-6.1 was very similar to the Su-24 outline, with four lift engines for STOL performance, and fixed swept wings. Later T-6's had swing wings and were closer to the Su-24. T-7, Sukhoi Precursor of the Su-9. Nose intake with rotating upper and lower lips. T-10, Sukhoi Prototype of the Su-27. T-37, Sukhoi Experimental aircraft related to the Su-9/Su-11 series. T-43, Sukhoi Design bureau designation of the Su-9. T-47, Sukhoi Design bureau designation of the Su-11. T-49, Sukhoi Experimental development of the Su-9, developed to accomodate to a larger radar intake. Immediately after the radar radome, two sharp-edged 'sector' intakes were placed. T-58, Sukhoi Bureau designation of the Su-25. T-431, Sukhoi Record-setting aircraft, _probably_ a version of the Su-9 / Su-11 series. TA-1, Tairov Twin-engined escort figher. The TA-1 was a compact monoplane of mixed construction. The second prototype (TA-1bis) had twin tailfins to cure a directional stability problem. Development was continued as the TA-3. Type: TA-1bis Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 1100hp Tumansky M-88R Wing Span: 12.66m Length: 9.83m Height: 3.76m Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 6000kg Speed: 595km/h Ceiling: Range: 1060km Armament: 4*g20mm 2*mg7.62mm TA-3, Tairov The TA-3 was based on the TA-1, but with a larger wing and heavy cannon armament. Performance was good, but production plans were cancelled because of the difficult military situation in 1942. Type: TA-3 Function: fighter Year: 1941 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 1150hp M-89 Wing Span: 14.00m Length: 12.20m Height: 3.76m Wing Area: 33.50m2 Empty Weight: 4500kg Max.Weight: 6626kg Speed: 580km/h Ceiling: Range: 2065km Armament: 1*g37mm 2*g20mm TB-1, Tupolev An angular monoplane, backbone of the Russian bomber force for many years. 212 built. Type: TB-1 Function: bomber Year: 1929 Crew: 6 Engines: 2 * 680hp M-17 Speed: 207km/h Ceiling: Range: 1000km Armament: 6*mg7.62mm 1000kg TB-2, Polikarpov Sequiplane bomber. No production. Type: TB-2 Function: bomber Year: 1930 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 680hp BMW VI Speed: 216km/h Ceiling: Range: 1200km Armament: 800kg TB-3, Tupolev Angular mid-wing monoplane with fixed landing gear. A four-engined development of the TB-1. For some time, the USSR had the largest heavy bomber force in the world and the TB-3 was one of the most impressive heavy bombers. In WWII some were used as transports, but then the aircraft was completely obsolete; they were retired after 1942. 818 built. Type: TB-3 Function: bomber Year: 1930 Crew: 8 Engines: 4 * 610kW AM-34 Speed: 250km/h Ceiling: 7000m Range: 2000km Armament: 10*mg7.62mm TB-4, Tupolev Six-engined bomber. Four engines in the wings and a tandem pair above the fuselage. Development of the TB-3. TB-5, Grigorivitsj Monoplane bomber. No production, because the TB-3 was preferred. Type: TB-5 Function: bomber Year: 1931 Crew: Engines: 4 * 450hp Bristol Jupiter VI Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: TB-7, Petlyakov See Pe-8. Tereshchenko 7 Two-seat reconaissance fighter. The Tereshchenko No 7 had side-by- side seating, was of wooden construction with fabric covering, and had slightly sweptback biplane wings. One built. Type: 7 Function: reconaissance / fighter Year: 1916 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 100hp Gnome Wing Span: 8.00m Length: 6.00m Height: Wing Area: 22.00m2 Empty Weight: 500kg Max.Weight: 860kg Speed: 140km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Tikhonravov 302P The 302P was a straight-wing aircraft of conventional layout, but powered by a rocket engine in the tail and two ramjets beneath the wings. Only flown as a glider. Type: 302P Function: experimental Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 3100lb RD-1400 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: TIS, Polikarpov A twin-engined heavy escort fighter. The TIS was an advanced aircraft, but it was abandoned after the death of Polikarpov. Type: TIS(A) Function: fighter Year: 1941 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1400hp Mikulin AM-37 Wing Span: 15.50m Length: 11.70m Height: 4.35m Wing Area: 34.85m2 Empty Weight: 6281kg Max.Weight: 8968kg Speed: 535km/h Ceiling: 10250m Range: 1720km Armament: 10*mg7.62mm 2*g20mm Torpedo, Olkhovksy Two-seat monoplane fighter with a wooden monococque fuselage, the first such aircraft built in Russia. One built. Type: Torpedo Function: fighter Year: 1917 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 110hp Le Rhone 9J Speed: Ceiling: 5000m Range: Armament: TS-1, Shcherbakov See Shche-2. TSh-1, Grigorovich Prototype of the TSh-2. TSh-2, Grigorovich Armoured groun-attack biplane. 410kW M-17 engine, 1931. Ten built. Tsibin See LL. TsKB-1, Kotsjerigin See LR. TsKB-3, Polikarpov See I-15. TsKB-11, Kotsjerigin See DI-6. TsKB-12, Polikarpov See I-16. TsKB-15, Polikarpov First prototype of the I-17. TsKB-19, Polikarpov See I-17. TsKB-26, Ilyushin Original prototype of the DB-3. Gnome-Rhone engines, open cockpit, no armament. Kokkinaki looped the TsKB-26 in presence of Stalin, and gained support. 1935. TsKB-30, Ilyushin Prototype of the DB-3. The prototype was used for some long-distance flights. TsKB-32 See I-21. TsKB-33, Polikarpov Development of the I-17 with evaporative cooling. Cancelled. TsKB-55, Ilyushin Precursor of the TsKB-57/Il-2 with 1350hp Mikulin AM-35 engine. TsKB-57, Ilyushin See Il-2. Tu-1, Tupolev The Tu-1 was a development of the Tu-2S light bomber. It was intended as an all-weather fighter, carrying a derivative of the German FuG 220 Lichtenstein SN-2 radar in the nose. Like other nations, the USSR was already considering piston-engined fighters obsolete. One built. Type: Tu-1 Function: fighter Year: 1947 Crew: 3 Engines: 1950hp Mikulin AM-43V Wing Span: 18.86m Length: 13.60m Height: Wing Area: 48.80m2 Empty Weight: Max. Weight: 14460kg Speed: 641km/h Ceiling: Range: 2250km Armament: 4*g23mm Tu-2, Tupolev 'Bat' A twin-engined bomber, built from 1942 to 1948. The Tu-2 was the USSR's second important twin-engined bomber, and brought Tupolev back into favour after a period of detention. 2527 built. Type: Tu-2S Function: bomber Year: 1943 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 1850hp Shvetsov ASh-82FN Speed: 550km/h Ceiling: 10970m Range: 2500km Armament: 2*g20mm 3*mg12.7mm b1500kg Tu-4, Tupolev 'Bull' This was a copy of the Boeing B-29 Superfortress. The US did not want to deliver the B-29 to the USSR, but some made emergency landings on Soviet territories during attacks on Japan. The USSR, then not at war with Japan, confiscated them. The Tu-4 was not, as is often said, an exact copy of the B-29; changes were made to armament and construction, partly because of inability of the industry to produce some advanced parts and partly because the construction had to be adapted to metric measures. But the study of its technology was a big step forward. Type: Tu-4 Function: Bomber Year: Crew: Engines: 4 * Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Tu-6, Tupolev Development of the Tu-2 for high altitude reconaissance. Tu-12, Tupolev Twin-engined jet bomber, using the wing and tail of the Tu-2. Producton was very limited. Two 5000lb R.R. Nene engines. Tu-14, Tupolev 'Bosun' The Tu-14 was an early jet bomber, built only in small numbers because of the succes of the Il-28. Most went to the AV-MF. Type: Tu-14 Function: bomber Year: 1947 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 2700kg Klimov VK-1 Speed: 845km/h Ceiling: 11200m Range: 3010km Armament: 2*g23mm 3000kg Tu-16, Tupolev 'Badger' A jet-engined heavy bomber. The use of only two, but very powerful, engines was a surprise. Small numbers are still in service in China. Type: Tu-16A Badger-A Function: bomber Year: 1954 Crew: 7 Engines: 2 * 9500kg Mikulin AM-3M Speed: 945km/h Ceiling: 13000m Range: 7250km Armament: 6*g23mm 9000kg Tu-20, Tupolev 'Bear' Air force designation of the Tu-95 'Bear'. 'Bear' is better known under its factory designation because the Tu-20 name was uncertain. Tu-22, Tupolev 'Blinder' Supersonic medium-range bomber, a swept-wing aircraft with two engines positioned as the base of the tailfin. Its limited range was its main disadvantage. Type: Tu-22 Function: bomber Year: 1960 Crew: 5 Engines: 2 * 11800kg Speed: 1480km/h Ceiling: 18000m Range: 2900km Armament: 1*g23mm 9070kg Tu-22M, Tupolev 'Backfire' A big 'swing-wing' bomber, used as cruise missile carrier and naval patrol aircraft. Despite its size, Backfire has D-shaped or rectangular (C version) wing root intakes, just like a fighter. Type: Tu-22M3 'Backfire-C' Function: bomber Year: Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 245.3kN Kuznetsov NK-25 Speed: 2000km/h Ceiling: 13300m Range: 12000km Armament: 1*g23mm 12000kg Tu-24, Tupolev 'Moss' Possibly the service designation of the Tu-126. Tu-26, Tupolev 'Backfire' This is the designation originally reported for the 'Backfire' bomber. During arms reduction talks, the US claimed that the Tu-26 was an all-new aircraft and a strategic bomber; the USSR said that the 'Backfire' was a development of the 'Blinder' and had no strategical capability. It is almost certain that 'Backfire' is an entirely new design, but lacks the range for a strategic role -- Tupolev now claims a radius of action of only 2200km. The USSR designated it Tu-22M, alledgedly for budgettary reasons. Tu-28P, Tupolev 'Fiddler' The Tu-28 is a development of the Tu-98 bomber. It is probably the largest fighter ever built, and armed with outsized missiles. Around 200 were built, to patrol to vast areas of Siberia, which are not protected by a SAM screen. Type: Tu-28P Function: fighter Year: 1966 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 11000kg Lyulka AL-7F-4 Wing Span: 17.50m Length: 30.00m Height: Wing Area: Empty Weight: Max. Weight: 43000kg Speed: 1900km/h Ceiling: 18300m Range: 3200km Armament: Tu-75, Tupolev Transport, developed from the Tu-4. No production. Tu-77, Tupolev Desing bureau designation of the Tu-12. Tu-80, Tupolev Bomber, an improved Tu-4. No production. Tu-82, Tupolev Swept-wing jet bomber. No production. Type: Tu-82 Function: bomber Year: Crew: Engines: Speed: 934km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Tu-85, Tupolev Bomber, a scaled-up Tu-80 with intercontintal range. No production was undertaken. Type: Tu-85 Function: bombner Year: 1949 Crew: 8 Engines: 4 * 4300hp Dobrynin VD-4K Speed: 660km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 10*g23mm 5000kg Tu-86, Tupolev Jet bomber project. TR-3 engines. Abandoned. The Tu-88 design was preferred. Tu-88, Tupolev Prototype of the Tu-16. Tu-91, Tupolev Naval attack bomber. The operational need for the Tu-91 disappeared after Stalin's death, when the ship-building programme was cut back and the carriers cancelled. The Tu-91 had a powerful turboprop in the mid fuselage, behind the cockpit, with split exhausts behind the wing roots. It had a big three-bladed contra-rotating propeller. It had straight wings, but slightly swept tail surfaces. 1955. Type: Tu-91 Function: attack Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 7650hp TV-2M Wing Span: 16.4m Length: 17.7m Height: 5.06m Wing Area: 47.48 m2 Empty Weight: 12850kg Max.Weight: 14400kg Speed: 800km/h Ceiling: 11000m Range: 2350km Armament: 1500kg Tu-98, Tupolev 'Backfin' Jet bomber. The Tu-98 was a swept-wing aircraft with engine intakes high on the forward fuselage, halfway the cockpit and the wing leading edges. There was no production, but from 1956 to 1960 Western sources claimed that the aircraft was in service as the 'Yak-42'. Type: Tu-98 Function: bomber Year: 1955 Crew: 3 Engines: 2 * Lyulka AL-7 Speed: 1240km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Tu-95, Tupolev 'Bear' The Tu-95 is in many respects an unlikely aircraft. It is an heavy bomber with a slender fuselage, swept wings, and four extremily powerful turboprop engines driving contrarotating propellers -- more than enough for the West not to take it serious at first. But more than 30 years after its first appearance, it was still in production as a marimitime patrol aircraft and cruise missile carrier. Type: Tu-95 Function: bomber Year: Crew: Engines: 4 * 14795hp Kuznetsov NK-12M Speed: 870km/h Ceiling: 13400m Range: 12550km Armament: Tu-102, Tupolev 'Fiddler' Precursor of the Tu-28P. Tu-105, Tupolev 'Blinder' Designer's designation of the Tu-22. Tu-107, Tupolev Experimental military transport version of the Tu-104. Tu-126, Tupolev 'Moss' The Tu-114, a civil development of the 'Bear' with a more capacious fuselage, was the basis for the first Soviet AWACS aircraft, the 'Moss'. (The Tu-114D or Tu-116 retained the narrow fuselage.) Its (lack of) capability has been the subject of many contradictory assesments. Type: Tu-126 Function: AWACS Year: Crew: Engines: 4 * 14795hp Kuznetsov NK-12MV Speed: 805km/h Ceiling: 12200m Range: 9650km Armament: Tu-128, Tupolev 'Fiddler' Design bureau designation of the Tu-28P. Tu-142, Tupolev 'Bear' A version of the Tu-20/Tu-95 'Bear' with an extensvely redesigned cockpit, front fuselage, and wing. Type: Tu-142 'Bear-H' Function: reconaissance Year: Crew: 8 Engines: 4 * 14795hp Kuznetsov NK-12MV Speed: M0.83 Ceiling: 13500m Range: 8280km Armament: 2*g23mm Tu-160, Tupolev 'Blackjack' Variable geometry bomber, similar in appearance to the B-1 but much bigger. Type: Tu-160 'Blackjack-A' Function: bomber Year: Crew: Engines: 4 * 25000kg 'R' Speed: M1.9 Ceiling: 13715m Range: 7300km Armament: --U--------------------------------------------------------------------- U-1, Ilyushin From 1923 to 1931 the British Avro 504K was built in Leningrad. 700 built. U-2, Polikarpov Trainer biplane. The U-2 flew first in 1928; more than 33000 were built, and the U-2 was used as an attack aircraft in WWII and the Korean war! Later renamed Po-2. Type: U-2 Function: trainer Year: 1928 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 100hp M-11 Speed: 150km/h Ceiling: 4000m Range: 530km Armament: 1*mg7.62mm b250kg UT-1, Yakovlev Monoplane aerobatic trainer. 1241 built. Type: UT-1 Function: trainer Year: 1936 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 100hp M-11 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: UT-2, Yakovlev Two-seat monoplane trainer. 7243 built. Type: UT-2 Function: trainer Year: 1937 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 150hp M-11E Speed: 230km/h Ceiling: 3500m Range: 500km Armament: UT-3, Yakovlev Three-seat trainer. Two 2120hp MV-6 engines. UTI-4, Polikarpov Trainer version of the I-16. UTI-26, Yakovlev Trainer version of the Yak-1. Renamed Yak-7V. --V--------------------------------------------------------------------- V-50, Kamov Design for an attack helicopter with tandem rotors (rather than the usual Kamov coaxial rotors). The V-50 was designed for a speed of 400km/h. Abandoned. 1969. V-60, Kamov Design for a light (3500kg) attack helicopter. Abandoned. 1980s. V-80, Kamov Design for a fighter helicopter, intended to combat other helicopters. Abandoned. 1971. Later the designation V-80 was reused for the design of the Ka-50. V-100, Kamov Design for a heavy attack helicopter. The V-100 design had rotors on the tips of a wing, and a pusher propeller to exceed the speed of 400km/h. Abandoned. Vb-109, Myasichew High-altitude bomber development of the Pe-2. Type: Vb-109 Function: bomber Year: Crew: Engines: 2 * 1850hp Klimov VK-108 Speed: 710km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: 4000kg VI, Anatra The Anatra VI (Voisin Iwanov) was a development of the French Voisin LAS pusher biplane with minor changes. 1916. Over 150 built. VI-100, Petlyakov The VI-100 was an all-metal monoplane, designed with a pressure cabin and turbo-superchargers, but these were not available when the prototype was built. The requirement for an high-altitude fighter was dropped, and the VI-100 was modified to become the Pe-2 light bomber. Type: VI-100 Function: fighter Year: 1939 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1050hp Klimov M-105 Speed: 620km/h Ceiling: Range: 1500km Armament: 4*g20mm 1*mg7.62mm VIT-2, Polikarpov Ant-tank aircraft, developed from the I-16. 1937. VKh, Anatra The VKh used two Anatra D or DS fuselages, joined by a new wing. Two built. Type: VKh Function: bomber Year: 1917 Crew: 6 Engines: 2 * 140hp Salmson Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: VM-T, Myasichew A rather unique modification of the M-4 'Bison' bomber to carry huge loads on its back. The tail unit has been replaced by one with twin, very big, rectangular fins. A typical photograph shows the VM-T carrying a pod with a cross-section twice that of its own fuselage! VM-T was built for the Buran space-shuttle programme and the Energia launcher. VP(K), Polikarpov Design for a high-altitude interceptor. Abandoned after the death of Polikarpov in July 1944. VT-2, Yakovlev Floatplane version of the UT-2. VT-11, Polikarpov Prototype of the I-5.ý VVA-14, Bartini-Beriev The VVA-14 was an extraordinary ground-effect aircraft. It had a big fuselage and two enormous 'pods' connected to the fuselage by large aerofoil fairings, containing in all 12 lift jet engines for vertical take-off. Two engines were fitted to the forward fuselage would create an air cushion by blowing their exhaust in the narrow channels between fuselage and 'pods'. Two more engines were fitted on top of the fuselage, above a slender wing fitted well back. Three prototypes were built. It is believed that the lift engines were never fitted. Type: VVA-14 Function: ASW Year: 1972 Crew: Engines: 4 * Soloviev D-30N 12 * Koliesev RD36-35PR Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: --W--------------------------------------------------------------------- --X--------------------------------------------------------------------- --Y--------------------------------------------------------------------- Ya-10, Yakovlev Prototype of the UT-2. Ya-20, Yakovlev See UT-2. Ya-22, Yakovlev Twin-engined fighter and reconaissance aircraft. The Ya-22 had a high performance, and I-29 fighter and R-12 reconaissance versions were proposed. It was insisted that the aircraft would be developed into a light bomber, the Yak-4, but this aircraft had lower performance because of the added armament. Type: Ya-22 Function: Fighter / reconaissance Year: 1939 Crew: Engines: 2 * 960hp Klimov M-103 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Yak-1, Yakovlev The Yak-1 was the first of a line of small, nimble fighters, relatively primitive in many respects, but easy to build and maintain, and with fine performance and handling at low altitude. They were lightly armed and had low performance at higher altitude. The Yak-series was the most important Soviet fighter of WWII. 8721 built. Type: Yak-1 Function: fighter Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1100hp Klimov M-105PA Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 8.47m Height: 1.70m Wing Area: 17.15m2 Empty Weight: 2410kg Max.Weight: 2895kg Speed: 580km/h Ceiling: 10000m Range: 850km Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg7.62mm b200kg Yak-2, Yakovlev Precursor of the Yak-4 light bomber, 1940. Yak-3, Yakovlev See I-30. Yak-3, Yakovlev The Yak-3 was a lightweight interceptor development of the Yak-1. It was one of the lightest and nimblest fighters of WWII, with a max weight of only 2660kg. This resulted in a fighter that had some limitations, but excelled in fighter vs. fighter combat at low altitudes. The M-107 engine originally planned was installed in the Yak-3U, but that was too late for combat in WWII. 4848 built. Type: Yak-3 Function: fighter Year: 1943 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1300hp Klimov VK-105PF-2 Wing Span: 9.20m Length: 8.49m Height: 2.42m Wing Area: 14.83m2 Empty Weight: 2105kg Max.Weight: 2550kg Speed: 655km/h Ceiling: 10800m Range: 900km Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg12.7mm Yak-4, Yakovlev Development of the Ya-22. The Yak-4 was a twin-engined, good-looking light bomber, but too vulnerable for ground-attack missions. The few built were later used for high-altitude reconaissance. Type: Yak-4 Function: bomber Year: 1941 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1100hp Klimov M-105R Speed: 566km/h Ceiling: 11900m Range: 1600km Armament: 2-3*mg7.62mm b600kg Yak-6, Yakovlev Light transport, originally designed as a night bomber. Type: Yak-6 Function: transport Year: 1943 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 150hp M-11E Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 880km Armament: 1-2*mg7.62mm b500kg, or 6 seats, 500kg Yak-7, Yakovlev The Yak-7V was developed as a trainer version of the Yak-1. A second cockpit was added after the original one, and wing span increased. It was found that the extra space for the second cockpit could be used for fuel or armament too, and that the performance of the Yak-7 almost equalled that of the Yak-1. Thus the Yak-7 was again developed to a close support fighter. The two-seat version was also used in combat, for reconaissance missions. 6399 built. Type: Yak-7B Function: fighter-bomber Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1210hp Klimov VK-105PF Wing Span: 10.00m Length: 8.47m Height: 2.75m Wing Area: 17.15m2 Empty Weight: 2480kg Max.Weight: 3030kg Speed: 613km/h Ceiling: 10200m Range: 825km Armament: 1*g20mm 1*g12.7mm b200kg Yak-8, Yakovlev Improved Yak-6. Yak-9, Yakovlev The definitive development of the Yak-1 series. The Yak-9 was a devlopment of the Yak-7 with metal wing spars. The Yak-9 was built in long-range fighter, ground attack and trainer versions. The Yak-9T carried a 37mm cannon, and the Yak-9B had an internal bomb bay, despite its small size. From mid-1944 onwards the Yak-9 was the numerically most important Soviet fighter. During WWII 14579 were built; production continued until 1948 and totalled 16769. Type: Yak-9D Function: fighter Year: 1942 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1360hp Klimov VK-105PF-3 Wing Span: 9.74m Length: 8.55m Height: 3.00m Wing Area: 17.15m2 Empty Weight: 2770kg Max.Weight: 3080kg Speed: 602km/h Ceiling: 10600m Range: 1410km Armament: 1*g20mm 1*mg12.7mm Yak-11, Yakovlev 'Moose' Trainer, developed from the Yak-3 fighter but fitted with a radial engine. Yak-12, Yakovlev 'Creek' Small high-wing liaison aircraft. Type: Yak-12M Function: liaison Year: 1946 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 175kW Ivchenko AI-14R Speed: 180km/h Ceiling: 4160m Range: 760km Load: 3 seats, 300kg Yak-14, Yakovlev 'Mole' Transport glider, 1948. Yak-15, Yakovlev 'Feather' The Yak-15 used the fuselage of the Yak-3 piston-engined fighter with a jet engine, placed in the nose with the exhaust under the wing. In this way the pilots had an easy introduction to jet engines. About 280 built. Type: Yak-15 Function: fighter Year: 1947 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 910kg RD-10 Speed: 786km/h Ceiling: 12500m Range: 600km Armament: 2*g23mm Yak-16, Yakovlev Small civil transport aircraft, built in limited numbers. The military used some as trainers and liaison aircraft. Type: Yak-16 Function: transport Year: 1948 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 750hp Shvetsov ASh-21 Speed: 290km/h Ceiling: 5000m Range: 1000km Load: 10 seats Yak-17, Yakovlev 'Feather' / 'Magnet' Development of the Yak-1. The Yak-17 had a nosewheel landing gear. Around 430 built. Type: Yak-17 Function: fighter Year: 1947 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1000kg RD-10A Speed: 750km/h Ceiling: 13000m Range: 740km Armament: 2*g23mm Yak-18, Yakovlev 'Max' Trainer, a development of the UT-2 with retractrable landing gear and enclosed cockpit. Some 3500 must be still in service in various countries. Type: Yak-18A Function: trainer Year: 1946 Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 200hp Ivchenko AI-14R Speed: 263km/h Ceiling: 5060m Range: 710km Yak-19, Yakovlev The Yak-19 was a jet fighter with a straigth laminar-flow wing. 1947. Yak-23, Yakovlev 'Flora' A straightforward development of the Yak-15/17 series. 'Flora' could claim little technological advance, but its handling was highly praised and climb was excellent. It used the wing of the Yak-19. Type: Yak-23 Function: fighter Year: 1948 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1600kg Tumansky RD-500 Speed: 975km/h Ceiling: 14800m Range: 1400km Armament: Yak-24, Yakovlev 'Horse' Yakovlev's only helicopter, a tandem-rotor design beset with technical problems. Around 100 built. Type: Yak-24 Function: transport Year: 1952 Crew: Engines: 2 * 1250kW Shvetsov ASh-82V Speed: 155km/h Ceiling: Range: 200km Load: 24 seats, 4000kg Yak-25, Yakovlev Swept-wing single-seat fighter. No production. Type: Yak-25 Function: fighter Year: Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1590kg RD-10 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Yak-25, Yakovlev 'Flashlight' 'Mangrove' Two-seat all-wheater interceptor, a swept-wing aircraft with engines under the wing. There was also a recce version and a bomber, but these seems not to have entered production. Type: Yak-25F Function: fighter Year: 1955 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 2800kg Tumansky RD-9 Speed: 1015km/h Ceiling: 14000m Range: 2000km Armament: 2*g37mm Yak-25RV, Yakovlev 'Mandrake' High altitude reconaissance version of the Yak-25 with a straight wing, having a span of 23.4m. 165 were built, including two unmanned versions. Type: Yak-25RV Function: reconaissance Year: 1959 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 3900kg R-11B-300 Speed: 850km/h Ceiling: 20500m Range: 3500km Yak-26, Yakovlev Tactical bomber developed from the Yak-25. Nine built. Yak-27, Yakovlev 'Flashlight' / 'Mangrove' The Yak-27V was an high-altidtude fighter with an addtional rocket engine; it is said to have reached 23000m, but never became operational. The 'Mangrove' Yak-27R reconaissance aircarft was more succesful, and about 180 were built. Type: Yak-27R 'Mangrove' Function: Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * RD-9AF Speed: 1285km/h Ceiling: Range: Armament: Yak-28, Yakovlev 'Brewer' / 'Maestro' The Yak-28 is a streamlined, swept-wing bomber with large engines under the wing. Some remained in service until recently, mainly as electronic warfare aircraft. 'Maestro' is a trainer. Type: Yak-28I 'Brewer-C' Function: ECM aircraft Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 5750kg Tumansky R-11AF-300 Speed: 1900km/h Ceiling: 16200m Range: 2630km Armament: 1*g23mm 3000kg Yak-28P, Yakovlev 'Firebar' This is the fighter version of the Yak-28 family. Type: Yak-28P Function: fighter Year: 1967 Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 58.35kN Tumansky R-11 Speed: 1180km/h Ceiling: 16750m Range: 1600km Armament: Yak-30, Yakovlev Development of the Yak-25 single-seat fighter. The Yak-30 competed with the MiG-15; due to the latters succes it didn't enter production. Type: Yak-30 Function: fighter Year: 1948 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1590kg RD-500 Speed: 1025km/h Ceiling: 15000m Range: 1500km Armament: 3*mg23mm Yak-30, Yakovlev Two-seat jet trainer. The USSR decided to buy the Czech L-29. Type: Yak-30 Function: trainer Year: Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 900kg RU-19 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Yak-32, Yakovlev Single-seat development of the Yak-30 trainer. Yak-36, Yakovlev 'Freehand' Experimental VTOL fighter. Six built. The Yak-36 had a large split nose intake, with the engines fitted in the front fuselage, and the two rotating nozzles below the wings. In hover is was controlled by small 'puffer' nozzles at the wingtips, tail and in the enormous nose probe. Type: Yak-36 Function: experimental fighter Year: 1963 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 6350kg R-27-300 Speed: 1009km/h Ceiling: 12000m Range: 370km Armament: 1*g23mm Yak-38, Yakovlev 'Forger' VTOL fighter-bomber, employed on the small aircraft carriers of the Kiev-class. Formerly identified as the Yak-36MP. The Yak-38 uses a main engine with two aft rotating nozzles and a set of small lift engines. Type: Yak-38 Function: fighter-bomber Year: 1975 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 8160kg Al-21 2 * 3570kg Koliesov Speed: 1380km/h Ceiling: 15250m Range: Armament: 3600kg Yak-41, Yakovlev 'Freestyle' The Yak-41 is the world's first supersonic VTOL fighter. It operates with lift engines in the forward fuselage and a vectoring nozzle on the main engine, placed well forward, between twin tail booms. The Yak-41 seems to be more a technology demonstrator than an actual fighter aircraft, and the need to use afterburner for take-off is a distinct problem. Development is continuing, after being halted temporarily. Type: Yak-41 Function: fighter Year: 1989 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 15500kg Soyuz R-79V-300 2 * 4100kg Rybinsk RD-41 Speed: 1800km/h Ceiling: +15000m Range: 2100km Armament: 1*g30mm 2600kg Yak-44, Yakovlev Carrier-borne AEW aircraft. To enter production for the Soviet Navy. Turboprop-engined. Yak-50, Yakovlev All-wheater development of the Yak-30. Yak-52, Yakovlev Development of the Yak-18. Yak-120, Yakovlev Design bureau designation of the Yak-25. Yak-130, Yakovlev Two-seat jet trainer to be developed by Yakovlev in cooperation with Aermacchi. Yak-141, Yakovlev 'Freestyle' Prototype of the Yak-41 as modified for record attempts. Yak-1000, Yakovlev The Yak-1000 was a high-speed research aircraft. It was the smallest aircraft that could be buit around the powerful AL-5 engine, with a tubular fuselage, a circular nose intake, short-span cropped-delta wings, and bicycle landing gear. The outcome of high-speed taxying trials was usch that it was not attempted to fly the Yak-1000. Ye-?, Mikoyan-Gurevich. A 1956 Tushino photograph shows a twin-engined tailed-delta aircraft with an oval nose intake, probably a MiG design. Ye-2, Mikoyan-Gurevich 'Faceplate' Fighter. The fuselage was very similar to that of the early MiG-21, but the Ye-2 had a swept wing instead of a delta. NATO thought that this aircraft was in service as the MiG-21 and assigned the name Faceplate. Mikulan AM-9 engine in the first version and the R-11 in the Ye-2A. 1955. Ye-4, Mikoyan-Gurevich Tailed-delta fighter prototype. Disappointing performance, but was the basis for the Ye-5 and MiG-21. AM-9 engine. 1955. Ye-5, Mikoyan-Gurevich Development of the Ye-4 with R-11 engine. 1956. Ye-6, Mikoyan-Gurevich Prototype of the early MiG-21, development of the Ye-5. Some were fited, in the smae way as some Ye-152's, with small canard foreplanes. Ye-7, Mikoyan-Gurevich Prototype of the MiG-21PF series. Ye-8, Mikoyan-Gurevich Experimental fighter. The Ye-8 was a single-seat, single-engined aircraft with a delta wing and tail surfaces similar to that of the MiG-21, but also with canard foreplanes. The fuselage was similar to that of the X-31 or the EFA, with a rectangular variable geometry intake under the front fuselage, ahead of the wing roots. Two built. Type: Ye-8 Function: fighter Year: 1962 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 15900lb Metskhvarisvili R-21 Wing Span: 7.15m Length: 149m Height: Wing Area: 23.13m2 Empty Weight: Max.Weight: 8200kg Speed: 2230km/h Ceiling: 20000m Range: Armament: Ye-9, Mikoyan-Gurevich Prototype of the MiG-21PFMA. Ye-23DPD, Mikoyan-Gurevich 'Faithless' STOL fighter of tailed delta configuration, fitted with two lift engines in the forward fuselage. The variable geometry concept of the Ye-23I was preferred. Type: Ye-23DPD Function: fighter Year: 1966 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 10000kg Lyulka AL-7F 2 * 2000kg Koliesov RD-35-36 Speed: Ceiling: Range: Armament: Ye-23IG, Mikoyan-Gurevich Prototype of the MiG-23. Ye-26, Mikoyan-Gurevich Prototype of the MiG-25. Ye-50, Mikoyan-Gurevich Version of the Ye-2 fitted with a small 6600lb RD-9E jet engine and a Dushkin S-155 rocket engine at the base of the tailfin. Top speed was Mach 2.3, and the Ye-50 may have been considered as a possible U-2 interceptor. Three built, 1955. Ye-150, Mikoyan-Gurevich 'Flipper' All-weather interceptor. The Ye-150 was a tailed delta, optimized for the short-range interceptor role, possibly as a U-2 interceptor armed with AA-3 missiles. One built. Type: Ye-150 Function: fighter Year: 1958 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 10150kg Tumansky R-15-300 Speed: 2816km/h Ceiling: Range: 1500km Armament: Ye-152, Mikoyan-Gurevich 'Flipper' Development of the Ye-150, designed to carry the larger K-7 missile on its clipped wing tips. The Ye-152A was fitted with two R-11 engines because the R-15 was unavailable for some time, and was seen in Tushino in 1961, hence the NATO code name. Type: Ye-152A Function: fighter Year: 1959 Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 5750kg Tumansky R-11F Speed: 2500km/h Ceiling: 21000m Range: 2300km Armament: Ye-155, Mikoyan-Gurevich Testbed for the R-15 engine, a version of the MiG-25. Later D-30 engines were fitted. Ye-166, Mikoyan-Gurevich See E-166. Ye-266, Mikoyan-Gurevich See Ye-155. Yer-2, Yermolayev This almost unknown bomber took part in some nocturnal attacks on Berlin. It originated as a derivative of the STAL-7 transport designed by Bartini. The Yer-2 was a gull-winged aircraft, with the engines and landing gear nacelles fitted at the crank in the wing; it had twin tailfins. Around 320 were built. Type: Yer-2 Function: bomber Year: 1941 Crew: 4 Engines: 2 * 1100hp Klimov M-105 Speed: 500km/h Ceiling: 7700m Range: 4100km Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.62mm b1000kg Yer-4, Yermolayev Development of the Yer-2 with ACh-30BF diesel engines. One built. --Z--------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ======================================================================== List of the pre-WWII designation system for Soviet aircraft, as supplied by mike@aloysius.equinox.gen.nz (Mike Campbell): A Autogyro ARK Arctic Coastal Recce B Bomber "Bombar" BB Short-range bomber Bsh Armoured attacker DAR Long-range arctic recce DB Long-range bomber DI 2-seater fighter DIS Twin engined escort fighter I interceptor Istrebitel I/PI single seat fighter KOR ship-borne recce M Seaplane MA amphibian MBR short-range maritime recce MDR long-range maritime recce MI fighter seaplane MK armoured seaplane MP transport seaplane MR recce seaplane MTB Maritime heavy bomber MU trainer seaplane P mailplane PB Dive bomber PL transport PS mail/passenger G paratroop transport R recce ROM open sea recce SB high speed bomber Sch low level attacker SchR attack fighter-recce SPB fast dive bomber TB heavy bomber Tsh Heavy attack fighter U primary trainer UT Basic trainer "Uchebnotrenirovochny" UTI fighter trainer VI High altitude fighter VIT Assaulter VT supervised design Yu Junkers aircraft V Airship ======================================================================== List of NATO designations of Soviet equipment. I wish to thank Ian Woodrow and Alexey V. Stukalov for their very important contribution. --A------------------------------------------------------------------------ Acrid AA-6 Bisnovat R-40 Alamo AA-10 (R-27) Alkali AA-1 Tomashevitch K-5 Amos AA-9 Vympel K-33 (R-33) Anab AA-3 Bisnovat K-8 (R-8, R-98) Apex AA-7 Vympel K-23 (R-23) Aphid AA-8 Bisnovat R-60 Archer AA-11 Molniya (R-73) Ash AA-5 Bisnovat K-80 (R-4) Atoll AA-2 Vympel K-13 (R-3) Awl AA-4 Mikoyan K-9 AA-12 (R-77) --B-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Backfin Tupolev Tu-98 Backfire Tupolev Tu-22M / Tu-26 Back Net Surveillance radar for SA-5. Badger Tupolev Tu-16 Band Stand Radar associated with SS-N-7. Bank North American B-25 Mitchell Barge Tupolev Tu-85 Bark Ilysuhin Il-2 Bar Lock Surveillance radar for SA-5. Bat Tupolev Tu-2 and Tu-6 Beagle Ilyushin Il-28 Bear Tupolev Tu-20, Tu-95 and Tu-142 Beast Ilyushin Il-10 Bee Hind Gun laying radar for the tail guns of the Tu-95 'Bear'. Big Bulge Radar carried by the 'Bear-D'. Big Bulge Radar fitted to the Ka-25 'Hormone-B'. Big Nose Radar of the Tu-28P 'Fiddler' Bison Myasichew M-4 Blackjack Tupolev Tu-160 Blinder Tupolev Tu-22 / Tu-105 Blowlamp Ilyushin Il-54 Bob Ilyushin Il-4 Boot Tupolev Tu-91 Bosun Tupolev Tu-14 / Tu-89 Bounder Myasichew M-50 Box Tail Tail warning radar fitted to the Tu-95 and the Tu-22M 'Backfire', replacing 'Bee Hind'. Brawny Ilyushin Il-40 Brewer Yakovlev Yak-28 Broussard Yakovlev Yak-28 (Renamed Brewer) Buck Petlyakov Pe-2 Bull Tupolev Tu-4 and Tu-80 Butcher Tupolev Tu-82 --C-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cab Lisunov Li-2 Camber Ilyushin Il-86 Camel Tupolev Tu-104 Camp Antonov An-8 Candid Ilyushin Il-76 Careless Tupolev Tu-154 Cart Tupolev Tu-70 Cat House Radar associated with ABM-1. Cash Antonov An-28 Cat Antonov An-10 Charger Tupolev Tu-144 Charlie Submarine class. Clam Ilyushin Il-18, renamed Coot Clam Pipe Nose radar fitted to the Tu-95MS Bear-H Clank Antonov An-30 Classic Ilyushin Il-62 Cleat Tupolev Tu-114 Cline Antonov An-32 Clobber Yakovlev Yak-42 Clod Antonov An-14 Clog Antonov An-28 (?) Coach Ilysuhin Il-12 Coaler Antonov An-72 Cock Antonov An-22 Codling Yakovlev Yak-40 Coke Antonov An-24 Colt Antonov An-2 Condor Antonov An-124 Cooker Tupolev Tu-110 Cookpot Tupolev Tu-124 Coot Ilyushin Il-18 and Il-20 Cork Yakovlev Yak-16 Cossack Antonov An-225 Crate Ilyushin Il-14 Creek Yakovlev Yak-12 Crib Yakovlev Yak-6 and Yak-8 Crow Yakovlev Yak-10 and Yak-12 Crown Drum Nose radar of the Tu-95 'Bear-B' Crusty Tupolev Tu-134 Cub Antonov An-10 and An-12 Cuff Beriev Be-30 Curl Antonov An-26 --D-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Delta submarine class Dog House Medium range early-warning ground radar for ABM-1. Down Beat Nose radar of the Tu-95 'Bear-G' and Tu-22M 'Backfire'. --E-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Echo Submarine class. --F-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Faceplate Mikoyan-Gurevich E-2A Fagot Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 Faithless Mikoyan-Gurevich Ye-231 Falcon Mikoyan-gurevich MiG-15, renamed Fagot Fang Lavochkin La-11 Fan Song Radar associated with the SA-2 'Guideline' Fantail Lavockhin La-15 Fantan Nanchang Q-5 Fargo Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-9 Farmer Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-19 Feather Yakovlev Yak-15 and Yak-17 Fencer Sukhoi Su-24 Fiddler Tupolev Tu-28 Fin Lavochkin La-7 Finback Shenyang F-8 II Firebar Yakovlev Yak-28 Fire Can Radar used with 57mm and 85mm AAA. Fishbed Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 Fishpot Sukhoi Su-9 and Su-11 Fitter Sukhoi Su-7, Su-17, Su-20 and Su-22 Flagon Sukhoi Su-15 and Su-21 Flanker Sukhoi Su-27 Flap Wheel Gun laying radar for 130mm AAA. Flash Dance Radar of the MiG-31. Flashlight Yakovlev Yak-25 and Yak-27 Flat Face Radar used with SA-3 and SA-5. Flat Jack Radar radome of the Tu-126 'Moss'. Flipper Mikoyan-Gurevich Ye-152 Flogger Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23 and MiG-27 Flora Yakovlev Yak-23 Forger Yakovlev Yak-38 Foxbat Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25 Fox Fire Radar of the MiG-25 Foxbat-A Foxhound Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-31 Frank Yakovlev Yak-9 Fred Bell P-63 Kingcobra Freehand Yakovlev Yak-36 Freestyle Yakovlev Yak-141 Fresco Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17 Fritz Lavochkin La-9 Frog artillery rocket Frogfoot Sukhoi Su-25 Frosty Tupolev Tu-10 Fulcrum Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-29 --G-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gadfly SA-11, SA-N-7 Gainful SA-6 Ganef SA-4 Galosh ABM-1 Gammon SA-5 Gaskin SA-9 Gauntlet SA-15, SA-N-9 Gazelle ABM-3 Gecko SA-8, SA-N-4 Giant SA-12B Gimlet SA-16 Gladiator SA-12A Goa SA-3, SA-N-1 Goblet SA-N-3 Golf submarine class Gopher SA-13 Grail SA-7 Gremlin SA-14 Griffon SA-5 (renamed Gammon) Grisha corvette class Grisom SA-19, SA-N-11 Grumble SA-10, SA-N-6 Guideline SA-2, SA-N-2 Guild SA-1 Gun Dish Gun-laying radar for ZSU-23-4 and ZSU-52-2 AAA sets. --H-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Halo Mil Mi-26 Hare Mil Mi-1 Harke Mil Mi-10 Harp Kamov Ka-20 Harp missile ? Hat Kamov Ka-10 Havoc Mil Mi-28 Haze Mil Mi-14 Head Light Radar for SA-N-3 Goblet Head Net Shipboard surveillance radar Helix Kamov Ka-32, Ka-27, and Ka-29 Hen Kamov Ka-15 Hen House Long-range early-warning ground radar. Hermit Mil Mi-34 High Fix Radar of the Su-17 'Fitter-C' and of the early MiG-21. High Lark Radar of the MiG-23 'Flogger'. High Lune Height Finding radar used with SA-N-2 Guideline. Hind Mil Mi-24 Hip Mil Mi-8 and Mi-17 Hog Kamov Ka-18 Hokum Kamov Ka-50 Homer Mil Mi-12 Hoodlum Kamov Ka-26 and Ka-126 Hook Mil Mi-6 Hoop Kamov Ka-22 Hoplite Mil Mi-2 Hormone Kamov Ka-25 Horse Yakovlev Yak-24 Hot Brick IR jammer. Hotel submarine class Hound Mil Mi-4 --I-------------------------------------------------------------------------- --J-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Jay Bird Small radar set, used by the MiG-25U Foxbat-C trainer and the MiG-21MF. --K-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Kangaroo AS-3 Kanin destroyer class Kara cruiser class Karen AS-10 Kashin destroyer class Kedge AS-14 Kegler AS-12 Kelt AS-5 Kennel AS-1 Kerry AS-7 Kickback AS-16 Kildin (ship) class Kilter AS-11 Kingfish AS-6 Kingpost AS-13 (?) Kingbolt AS-13 (?) Kipper AS-2 Kitchen AS-4 Koala AS-X-19 Kotlin SAM-carrying destroyer class Kresta cruiser class Krivak destroyer class Krupny destroyer class Krypton AS-17 Kuril carrier class Kyle AS-9 Kynda cruiser class --L-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Long Track Surveillance radar associated with the SA-4 and SA-6 Low Blow Radar associated with the SA-3 --M-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Madcap Antonov An-74 Madge Beriev Be-6 Maestro Yakovlev Yak-28 Magnet Yakovlev Yak-17 Magnum Yakovlev Yak-30 Maiden Sukhoi Su-11 Mail Beriev Be-12 Mainstay Ilyushin Il-76 Mallow Beriev Be-10 Mandrake Yakovlev Yak-25 Mangrove Yakovlev Yak-27 Mantis Yakovlev Tak-32 Mare Yakovlev Yak-14 Mark Yakovlev Yak-7U Mascot Ilysuhin Il-28 Max Yakovlev Yak-18 May Ilyushin Il-38 Maya Aero L-29 Delfin Mermaid Beriev Be-42 Midas Ilyushin Il-76 Midget Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 Mink UT-2 Mode Beriev Be-8 ? Mole Yakovlev Yak-14 or Beriev Be-8 ? Mongol Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 Moose Yakovlev Yak-11 Moss Tupolev Tu-126 Mote Beriev Be-2 / MDR-2 Moujik Sukhoi Su-7 Mug Chetverikov Che-2 / MBR-2 Mule Polikarpov Po-2 Mystic Myasischew M-17 / M-55 --N-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nanuchka Missile boat class --O-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Odd Rods IFF set with three antennas of increasing length. Osa Missile boat class --P-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Papa Submarine class. Pat Hand Radar associated with SA-4 and SA-6. Peel Group Radar for SA-N-1 Goa. Pop Group Radar for SA-N-4. Puff Ball Big surveillance radar, carried by the Tu-16. --Q-------------------------------------------------------------------------- --R-------------------------------------------------------------------------- --S-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Saber SS-25 Sandal SS-4 Saddler SS-7 Sagger AT-3 Salish SSC-2A Samlet SSC-2B Sandal SS-4 Sandbox SS-N-12 Sapwood SS-6 Sasin SS-8 Satan SS-18 Savage SS-13 Sawfly SS-N-6 Scaleboard SS-12 Scamp SS-14 plus road trailer. Scapegoat SS-14 Scan Odd The 'Izumrud' radar of the all-wheater MiG-19 and maybe the MiG-17P. Scan Fix Early version of the Izumrud radar, fitted to the MiG-17P. Scan Three Radar of the Yak-25. Scarp SS-9 Scrag SS-10 Scrooge SS-15 Scrubber SS-N-1 Scud SS-1 Scunner SS-1 Sego SS-11 Sepal SSC-1B cruise missile Serb SS-N-5 Shaddock SS-N-3 Sheet Bend Radar associated with SSC-2B Samlet cruise missiles. Shershen torpedo boat class. Shilka ZSU-23-4 self-prolled AA gun platform Short Horn Navigation and bombing radar. Fitted to Tu-95 'Bear-H' and Short Horn Search radar of the Ka-25 'Hormone-A' Shyster SS-3 Sibling SS-2 Side Net Heigth finding radar for SA-5. Siren SS-N-7 Skean SS-5 Skip Spin Radar set of the Yak-28P 'Firebar', Su-11 'Fishpot' and Su-15 'Flagon'. Slim Net Missile-associated radar. Slot Black Radar set of the MiG-29. Snapper AT-1 Snark SS-N-4 Spandrel AT-5 Spigot AT-4 Spin Scan The R1L radar fitted to some MiG-21 versions. Spiral AT-6 Spoon Rest Early-warning radar Square Pair Target-tracking radar for SA-5. Stiletto SS-19 Straight Flush Radar for SA-6. Strela SS-N-1 (also Scrubber) Styx SS-7, SS-N-2 Swatter AT-2 Swift Rod ILS system carried by many USSR aircraft. --T-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tall King Ground radar. Top Sail Surveillance radar associated with SA-N-3 Goblet. Try Add Ground radar associated with the ABM-1 'Galosh' Twin Scan Radar of the Su-21 'Flagon-E' Typhoon submarine class ? --U-------------------------------------------------------------------------- --V-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Victor submarine class --W-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Whisky submarine class. 'Whisky Twin Cylinder' with two deck launchers for SS-N-3 cruise missiles, 'Whisky Long Bin' with four internal launchers. --X-------------------------------------------------------------------------- --Y-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Yankee submarine class Yo-yo Radar for SA-1 Guild systems. --Z-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Zulu submarine class ------------------------------------------------------------------------