WEAPONS (File #5a) Contents Machine Guns: Gen & Misc............p.2 Early MGs in US Army.................p.4 German Maxim MGs, WWI Era............p.7 Aerial MG Trainer, WWII..............p.8 The Lewis MG.........................p.9 Browning Cal.50 MG...................p.10 ...........p.11 See also: wpns.5b WEAPONS (File #5a) Contents Machine Guns: Gen & Misc............p.2 Early MGs in US Army.................p.4 German Maxim MGs, WWI Era............p.7 Aerial MG Trainer, WWII..............p.8 The Lewis MG.........................p.9 ...p.10 See also: wpns.5b USAMHI Weapons - MG RefBranch dv Oct 88 MACHINE GUNS: GEN & MISC A Working Bibliography Applin, R.V.K. Machine-Gun Tactics. London: Rees, 1910. 265 p. UF157.32A66. Armstrong, David A. Bullets and Bureaucrats: The Machine Gun and the United States Army, 1861-1916. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1923. 239 p. UC263A75. Colvin, Fred H., and Viall, Ethan. United States Rifles and Machine Guns. NY: McGraw Hill, 1917. 332 p. UD390C64. Ellis, John. The Social History of the Machine Gun. NY: Pantheon, 1975. 186 p. UL310A2E38. Graham, Dominick. "The British Expeditionary Force in 1914 and the Machine Gun." Military Affairs XLVI (Dec 1982): pp. 190-193. Per. Hatcher, Julian S., et al. Machine Guns. Menasha, WI: Banta, 1917. 251 p. Ul310M33. Hutchinson, G.S. Machine Guns: Their History and Tactical Employment. London: Macmillan, 1938. 349 p. UL310M33. Johnson, Melvin M., Jr. "That Elusive Light Machine Gun." Infantry Journal LX (Feb 1947): pp. 24-27. Per. Analysis and photos, WWII types. McKellar, K.B. Machine Gun Practice and Tactics. NY: Macmillan, 1917. 165 p. UL310M3. Schreier, Konrad F., Jr. "Civil War Machine Guns." Army (May 1985): pp. 61-64. Per. _________. Guide to United States Machine Guns. Forest Grove, OR: Normount, 1971. 178 p. UL311.3S3. More historical than descriptive. Short, Walter C. Employment of Machine Guns. Wash, DC: US Inf Assn, 1922. 222 p. UF157.32S56. Machine Guns: Gen & Misc Page 2 U.S. War Dept. Notes on the Employment of Machine Guns. Wash, DC: GPO, 1918. 56 p. UF157.32T72. See also: - ND-BUORD-MG, 4 vols. - "Gatling Guns" (Wpns-MG) USAMHI Weapons - MG RefBranch js 1974 NOTE: EARLY MACHINE GUNS IN U.S. ARMY The U.S. Army did not adopt a specific machine gun model as standard before World War I. Most widely used before 1912 was the .30 caliber Vickers-Maxim model of 1904. The Benet-Mercie air-cooled, gas- operated automatic machine rifle, model of 1909, also known as the Hotchkiss portable machine gun, was tested and adopted in 1909. John M. Browning's model, intensively tested in 1913 and manufactured by Colt, was widely employed during World War I, along with the Lewis machine gun. See: Fisher, Ernest F., Jr. "Weapons and Equipment Evolution and Its Influence Upon Organization and Tactics in the American Army from 1775-1963." Mimeo, Office, Chief of Military History, Wash, DC, n.d. pp. 39-40. U165F57. Handbook of the Maxim Gun (.303 Inch).... Aldershot, England: Gale & Polden, 1912. 105 p., drawings. UL311M4H36. Handbook for the .303-in. Vickers Machine Gun (Magazine Rifle Chamber) Mounted on Tripod Mounting, Mark IV. NY: Harvey, 1917. 82 p., drawings. UL311V5H36. Hatcher, Julian S., and others. Machine Guns. Menasha, WI: Banta, 1917. 343 p. UL310M33. See text, pp. 23-29, and photos of Benet-Mercie, p. 65, Browning Colt, p. 175, and Maxim, p. 158. Hotchkiss Portable Machine Gun: Handbook. London: Iliffe & Sons, 1917. 42 p., 11 plates. UL311H7H67. Johnston, D.J. Hand Book of the Colt Gun. Hythe, England: Paine, n.d. 30 p. UL311C7J63. McIver, G.W. "Report of School of Musketry on the Benet-Mercie Portable Machine Gun." Typed carbon, n.d. 26 p. "The New Army Automatic Machine Rifle." Army & Navy Register (28 Feb 1910): p. 1. Per. Adoption of the Benet-Mercie and mention of Maxim. U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Military Affairs. Appropriation Bill, 1919. Hearings, 65th Cong, 2d Sess, 1917. 1414 p. p. 142 lists the various models of guns purchased by War Dept, 1915, no standard model having yet been adopted. Early Machine Guns in the U.S. Army Page 2 U.S. War Dept. Ord Dept. Report of Board of Officers on Test of Maxim Solid-Action Gun and Vickers R.C. Automatic Machine Gun. Wash, DC: GPO, 1901. 23 p., plates. UL311M4R46. USAMHI Weapons -MG RefBranch js Oct 80 GERMAN MAXIM MACHINE GUNS, WWI ERA A Working Bibliography Braun, Hauptmann. Das Maxim-Maschinegewehr und seine Verwendung. Berlin: Eisenschmidt, 1905. 145 p., 19 foldout charts and diagrams. UF620M4B82. Also 1903 ed, 97 p., 3 foldouts. Die Maxim-Maschinenkanone und ihre Verwendung. Berlin: Eisenschmidt, 1901. 51 p. UF620M4M46. Fleck, A. Maschinengewehre: Ihre Technik und Tactic. Berlin: Mittler und Sohn, 1909. 165 p., 15 illus. UF620F62. See pp. 22-36. Korzen, Anton. Maschinengehehre. Vienna: Seidel & Sohn, 1908. 120 p., foldout charts. UF620A3K86. See pp. 41-58. "Maxim Guns." Photocopy of typescript, Apr 1966. 12 p. MiscFiles- Wpns. Musgrave, Daniel D., and Oliver, Smith. German Machine Guns. Wash, DC: MOR Assoc, 1971. 457 p. UL310M87. See pp. 71-105. "The Reliable Working of the Maxim Machine Gun." Trans from Kriegtechnische Zeitschrift, Pt 4, 1905 by CPT Fredrick L. Knudsen, 8th U.S. Inf. In Selected Translations Pertaining to the Tactical Use and Value of Machine Guns, April 1, 1906. Wash, DC: GPO, 1906. pp. 13-18. UF620A2U3. USAMHI Weapons - MG RefBranch dv Feb 81 AERIAL MACHINE GUN TRAINER, WWII A Working Bibliography On the Machine Gun Trainer, Cal .22, M5, adapted from a Browning .30 cal machine gun, and on the anti-aircraft machine Gun Trainer M9, which fired plastic pellets, see: U.S. War Dept. Aerial Gunnery Practice and Record Firing: Technical Manual 1-270, 10 Apr 1941. 27 p. TM. _________. Antiaircraft Machine Gun Trainer M9: TM 9-222, 19 Jun 1943. 104 p. TM. _________. Browning Machine Gun, Cal. .30, M2, Aircraft - Fixed and Flexible: TM 9-205, Change 1, 31 Mar 1944. 31 p. TM. See pp. 18-30. USAMHI Weapons - MG RefBranch js 1973 THE LEWIS MACHINE GUN A Working Bibliography The Complete Lewis Gunner. London: Gale & Polden, 1918. 76 p. UL311L4C65. Great Britain. Royal Air Force. Instructional Notes on the Lewis Gun. n.p., 1918. 43 p. UG625G7L6A25. _________. War Office. Handbook for the .303-in. Lewis Gun, Marks I and II. London: HMSO, Feb 1918. 68 p., photos, drawings. Ul305G753GH36. _________. Handbook (Provisional) for the .303-in. Lewis Machine Gun (Magazine Rifle Chamber) (Part I). London: HMSO, 1915. 52 p. UL311L4H364. _________. Method of Instruction in the Lewis Gun. London: HMSO, May 1917. 31 p. UL311L4M47. _________. Three plates illustrating the Lewis machine gun. UF625G3L6A21. Hatcher, Julian S., et al. Machine Guns. Menasha, WI: Banta, 1917. 251 p., photos, drawings. UL310H3. See Chap II. Hicks, P.M., et al. Instructional Handbook of the .303 Lewis Automatic Machine Gun. Hythe, Eng: Paine, 1915. 43 p. UL311L4I57. Operation and Tactical Use of the Lewis Automatic Machine Rifle.... NY: Van Nostrand, 1917. 149 p., drawings. UL311L4. Savage Arms Co. Lewis Automatic Machine Guns: The Vital Factor in The European War. n.p., 1917. 17 p., photos. UF620L6S26. Sales brochure with British testimonials. U.S. Army War College. Machine Gun Notes No. 1. Wash, DC: GPO, 1917. 207 p. UF620A3U5no.1. U.S. Army. Ord Dept. Handbook of the Lewis Machine Gun, Caliber .30, Model of 1917, 16 Nov 1917. 72 p., photos, drawings. UL311L4H36. USAMHI Wpns-MG RefBranch la Jan 1990 BROWNING .50 CAL MACHINE GUN A Working Bibliography FIELD MANUALS U.S. War Dept. Aircraft Artillery Field Manual; Service of the Piece, Caliber .50 AA Machine Gun. Field Manual 4-155, Oct 1943. 164 p. FM. _________. Basic Field Manual: Browning Machine Gun, Caliber .50, HB, M2 Ground. FM 23-60, Sep 1940. 187 p. FM. _________. Browning Machine Gun, Caliber .50 HB, M2. FM 23-65, 1940. 141 p. FM. Also ed of Nov 1944 (169 p.), Dec 1955 (392 p.) and May 1972 (220 p.). TECHNICAL MANUALS U.S. War Dept. Basic Aircraft Machine Guns, Cal. .50, T36 and T25E3 (M3). Technical Manual 9-219, Apr 1945. 151 p. TM. Also ed of Feb 1947 (147 p.), Sept 1949 (161 p.), and Sept 1951 (198 p.). _________. Browning Machine Gun, Cal. .50, M2, Aircraft, Basic. TM 9-225, Nov 1940. 51 p. TM. Also eds of Apr 1942 (54 p.), Dec 1943 (158 p.) and Jan 1947 (181 p.). _________. Browning Machine Gun, Cal. .50, M2, Water-Cooled and Mounts. TM 9-226, Dec 1940. 88 p. TM. Also ed of Aug 1943 (278 p.). _________. Ordnance Maintenance, Browning Machine Gun, Cal. .50, All Types. TM 9-1225, Jan 1942. 31 p. TM. Also ed of Jun 1942 (24 p.), Apr 1943 (146 p.) and Oct 1944 (214 p.).