Page 677 Appendix A Table of Equivalent Ranks German Army and U.S. Army Air Force German Waffen-SS None Reichsmarschall None General of the Army Generalfeldmarschall Reichsfuehrer-SS General Generaloberst Oberstgruppenfuehrer Lieutenant General General der Infanterie Obergruppenfuehrer Artillerie Gebirgstruppen Kavallerie Nachrichtentruppen Panzertruppen Pioniere Luftwaffe Flieger Fallschirmtruppen Flakartillerie Luftnachrichtentruppen Major General Generalleutnant Gruppenfuehrer Brigadier General Generalmajor Brigadefuehrer None None Oberfuehrer Colonel Oberst Standartenfuehrer Lieutenant Colonel Oberstleutnant Obersturmbannfuehrer Major Major Sturmbannfuehrer Captain Hauptmann Haupsturmfuehrer Captain (Cavalry) Rittmeister First Lieutenant Oberleutnant Obersturmfuehrer Second Lieutenant Leutnant Untersturmfuehrer Page 678 Appendix B Recipients of the Distingished Service Cross All pertinent Army records have been scrutinized in an effort to include in the following list the names of every soldier who received the DSC for his part in the operations recounted in this volume. Inasmuch as no complete listing of DSC awards is maintained in any single Army file, it is possible that some names may inadvertently have been omitted. Lt. Col. Creighton W. Abrams Lt. Col. Paul Bandy Sgt. James L. Bayliss Sgt. William J. Bennett Pfc. J. O. Bird Lt. Col. Barry D. Browne Sgt. John Bueno Cpl. Adam F. Burko Pfc. Angelo Cestoni Lt. Col. Steve A. Chappuis Capt. John J. Christy Capt. A. J. Cissna Lt. Col. Derrill M. Daniel Pvt. Albert A. Darago Sgt. T. J. Dawson Pfc. Daniel Del Grippo Pvt. C. W. Dillingham Sgt. Eddie Dolenc Capt. Leland R. Dunham Sgt. B. R. Eastburn Capt. Paul F. Gaynor Pfc. Jack Gebert 1st Lt. Charles R. Gniot Capt. John W. Hall Sgt. Lawrence L. Hatfield 1st Lt. Edgar G Heist Lt. Col. John M. Hightower Pfc. S. E. Hull 2d Lt. Michael Hritsik 1st Lt. G. W. Jackman Pvt. J. W. Jones Lt. Col. R. W. Kinney Capt. Frank Kutak 1st Lt. George D. Lamm Pfc. O. M. Laughlin Capt. James H. Leach Pfc. John Leinen 2d Lt. Samuel Leo 2d Lt. S. D. Llewellyn Sgt. H. L. Luther Brig. Gen. Anthony C. McAuliffe Pfc. W. J. McKenzie 2d Lt. W. D. Markin Capt. Gabriel R. Martinez Pfc. A. G. Means Pfc. Edwin W. Metz Pvt. Bernard Michin 1st Lt. A. L. Mills Pfc. Richard Mills 1st Lt. Jesse Morrow Sgt. Oscar M. Mullins 1st Lt. Kenneth R. Nelson Pfc. N. A. Osterberg 1st Lt. R. A. Parker 2d Lt. G. F. Pennington Sgt. T. E. Piersall Lt. Col. Lemuel E. Pope Pvt. R. L. Presser 2d Lt. Frederick Rau Sgt. Woodrow W. Reeves Sgt. George P. Rimmer Maj. Gen. Walter M. Robertson Lt. Col. James C. Rosborough Pfc. F. S. Rose Pfc. W. S. Rush Sgt. I. R. Schwartz Private Seamon Sgt. M. N. Shay Page 679 Pfc. R. D. Smith Capt. Robert W. Smith T/Sgt. Russell N. Snoad Cpl. C. E. Statler Capt. Vaughn Swift 1st Lt. R. H. Thompson Lt. Col. Paul V. Tuttle, Jr. T/Sgt. John Van Der Kamp Pfc. Gilbert Van Every Sgt. J. W. Waldron S/Sgt. William Walsh 2d Lt. R. L. Westbrook 2d Lt. John A. Whitehill Sgt. William J. Widener 1st Sgt. Gervis Willis Cpl. Edward S. Withee Pfc. T. J. Zimmerer Page 680 Bibliographical Note Two historically valuable books dealing specifically with the Ardennes Campaign are: Robert E. Merriam's Dark December (New York: Ziff-Davis Publishing Company, 1947) and John Toland's Battle: The Story of the Bulge (New York: Random House, 1959). Merriam's work subsequently was reprinted in a paperback edition under the title The Battle of the Bulge (New York: Ballantine Books, 1957). These two interesting and useful books show quite different approaches to the story. Merriam, while in the U.S. Army, participated in the task of organizing materials for a future Army history of the Ardennes Campaign and subsequently made use of these documents in his own work. Toland, who wrote his volume on the basis of extensive interviews with veterans of the campaign, stresses the human interest aspects of the battle. There is a surprising dearth of published memoir literature from officers in a position of command during this operation. In part this lacuna is filled by the very large body of unit histories compiled by the American divisions, regiments, and even battalions, which fought in the Battle of the Bulge. Extensive collection of unit histories will be found in the New York Public Library, the Army Library (Washington, D.C.), and the Office of the Chief of Military History, Department of the Army. The bulk of the American documents used as source material in the present volume, as well as microfilm of the pertinent German documents, are in the keeping of the National Archives, or in the Office of the Chief of Military History. Much of the source material is in the form of reports made during or after battle by approximately 1,600 Army units in the European Theater of Operations. The story of this monumental effort in research and acquisition has been written by Royce L. Thompson, in his History of the Historical Section, ETO (May 1947), a manuscript in OCMH files. The American combat interviews, on which the author has drawn so freely, can be found listed in a manuscript Catalogue of Combat Interviews maintained by OCMH. Most of the historical manuscripts prepared by German officers who took part in the Ardennes Campaign are catalogued in the Guide to Foreign Military Studies, 1945-54, published by Headquarters, U.S. Army, Europe, Historical Division, in 1954. Since this publication, there have been a few additions to the German manuscript collection and these are catalogued by OCMH. The history of the early attempts to trace German officers who served in the Ardennes, transfer them from prison cells, and elicit their cooperation as historians makes fascinating reading. Brig. Gen. S. L. A. Marshall has given a brief sketch of this venture in his introduction to The Fatal Decisions, edited by Seymour Freidin and William Richardson (New York: William Sloane Associates, 1956). A full and dramatic account of the attempt to obtain German cooperation has been written by one of the main actors in this little-known episode, then Maj. Kenneth Page 681 W. Hechler. His manuscript is entitled The Enemy Side of the Hill: The 1945 Background on the Interrogation of German Commanders (Historical Division, Special Staff, U.S. Army, 30 July 1949). Finally, any student who delves deeply into the U.S. Army operations in western Europe during World War II must come inevitably to the Order of Battle of the United States Army, World War II, European Theater of Operations: Divisions, prepared under the direction of Capt. Robert J. Greenwald and Chief Warrant Officer Meyer M. Cahn in the Office of the Theater Historian, ETO (Paris, 1945).