[NOTE: The printed publication from the Patent and Trademark Office includes diagrams for each of the following sections. At some point I will scan them in]. APPENDIX 4 Drawing Examples This Appendix contains examples of drawings most of which are proper and acceptable for printing. However, some examples contained in this Appendix depict improper presentation to show only the most likely aspects of drawings which would not meet drawing requirements and which would be unacceptable for printing and, therefore, result in an Office objection. Each example is intended to focus primarily on one paragraph of section 1.84 and the primary paragraph is set forth in bold letters on the narrative accompanying each example. Since other components of section 1.84 generally appear in each drawing example, such paragraphs are also noted in the narrative associated with each example. Objections to improper drawings that are made by draftspersons within the Office are indicated on a Form PTO-948, "Notice of Draftsperson's Patent Drawing Review", to show the deficiency which precipitated the objection. The completed form is held for mailing with the next Office action. A blank Form PTO-948 is shown at Exhibit 1. A completed sample Form PTO-948 is shown at Exhibit 2. Drawing corrections are due three months from the mail date of the Notice of Allowability to avoid abandonment. The issue fee is also due three months from the mail date of the Notice of Allowance to avoid abandonment for that reason. Although the examples in this Appendix follow sequentially the outline of section 1.84, improper examples are not provided for every paragraph within the section. The convention followed A-4- 1 throughout this Appendix is also stated above; i.e., to show on the facing page of each example, the applicable paragraphs, with the pertinent paragraph highlighted in bold print. An attempt has been made to provide examples which are most nearly representative of each paragraph discussed. However, strict conformance to paragraph (9), Margins, or paragraph (p)(3), Numbers, letters, and reference characters, to maintain correct letter height, may have been sacrificed due to the size constraints of this publication. Oftentimes drawings are submitted which include a Trademark. Although the use of trademarks is permissible in patent applications, the proprietary nature of the marks should be respected and every effort made to prevent their use in any manner which might adversely affect their validity as trademarks. See examples provided at the end of this Appendix. A-4- 3 Example 1 Example 1 is a proper illustration of a black ink drawing which secures black solid lines in accordance with the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of the following paragraphs: Paragraph (l) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. A-4- 4 Example 2 Example 2 is an improper illustration of a black ink drawing which would be found objectionable since it does not secure black solid lines in accordance with Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink A-4- 4 Example 3 Example 3 is a proper illustration of a computer-generated drawing which secures black solid lines in accordance with the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (l) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (m) Shading. Paragraph (o) Legends. Paragraph (p) Numbers, letters, and reference characters. Paragraph (q) Lead lines. Paragraph (r) Arrows. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. A-4- 8 Example 4 An improper illustration of a computer-generated black ink drawing which would be found objectionable. The drawing does not secure black solid lines and, therefore, does not meet the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink A-4-10 Example 5 Example 5 is a proper illustration of a photograph, which has been photocopied here due to the impracticality of depicting an actual photograph. Depicted along with the copy of the photograph is an illustrative view of the photograph. To submit photographs, all other requirements must be met. The photograph meets the requirements of Paragraph (b)(1) Black and white. A-4-12 Example 6 Example 6 is an illustration of the proper placement of identifying information on the back of the sheet of drawing which would meet the recommendation of Paragraph (c) Identification of drawings The following are two examples of indicia information which the Office would recommend for inclusion in the area designated as set forth in: Application No. 07/012,345 Inventor: John Q. Public Docket No. 1234-567 Call: R. U. Available (703) 123-4567 Application No. 07/012,345 Inventor: John Q. Public Title: Neat whatchamacallit Call: R. U. Available (703) 123-4567 A-4-14 Example 7 Example 7 is a proper illustration of chemical formulae which may be submitted as drawings. Note that the use of superscript and subscript numerals results in a diminished height where all other numerals meet the requirement of a height of 3.2 mm. (1/8 inch). This condition is an acceptable exception to the drawing requirements which, otherwise, meets the requirements of Paragraph (d) Graphic forms in drawings Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (h) Views, wherein views are clearly separated from one another. Paragraph (l) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (n) Symbols. Paragraph (p) Numbers, letters, and reference characters. Paragraph (r) Arrows. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. A-4-16 Example 8 Example 8 is a proper illustration of waveforms which meets the requirements of Paragraph (d) Graphic forms in drawings The drawing also meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (l) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (o) Legends. Paragraph (p) Numbers letters, and reference characters. Paragraph (q) Lead lines. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. Since waveforms appear in many variations and styles, other proper waveforms are provided at Examples 9 and 10. A-4-18 Example 9 Example 9 is a proper illustration of waveforms with lead lines, which may be submitted as drawings. The drawing meets the requirements Paragraph (d) Graphic forms in drawings The drawing also meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (l) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (o) Legends. Paragraph (p) Numbers, letters, and reference characters. Paragraph (t) Numbering of sheets of drawings. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. Since waveforms appear in many variations and styles, other proper waveforms are provided at Examples 8 and 10. A-4-20 Example 10 Example 10 is a proper illustration of a graphical form which is used to represent optical aberrations of lenses which may be submitted as drawings. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (d) Graphic forms In drawings The drawing also meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (l) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (o) Legends. Paragraph (p) Numbers, letters, and reference characters. Paragraph (q) Lead lines. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. A-4-22 Example 11 Example 11 is a proper illustration of a graphical form, which has been used to indicate DNA structure. The illustration is a representation of an approximation of a section along a DNA molecule. Since a determination cannot be made as to exactly what the structure would look like, the Office allows this approximation to show the believed structure represented. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (d) Graphic forms in drawings Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (n) Symbols. Paragraph (o) Legends. Paragraph (p)(1) Numbers, letters, and reference characters. Paragraph (q) Lead lines. Paragraph (r)(1) Arrows. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. but is an exception to Paragraph (h)(3), Sectional views, wherein hatching schemes are used to differentiate the regions of ribonucleic acid (RNA) / deoxyrido-nucleic acid (DNA). Such schemes are not to be confused as materials which such hatching would normally represent. Since DNA structures have many different appearances, other examples are provided at Examples 12 and 13. A-4-24 Example 12 Example 12 is a proper illustration of a graphical form, which has been used to indicate DNA structure. The illustration is a representation of an approximation of a section along a DNA molecule. Since a determination cannot be made as to exactly what the structure would look like, the Office allows this approximation to show the believed structure represented. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (d) Graphic forms in drawings Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (n) Symbols. Paragraph (o) Legends. Paragraph (p)(1) Numbers, letters, and reference characters. Paragraph (q) Lead lines. Paragraph (r)(1) Arrows. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. but is an exception to Paragraph (h)(3), Sectional views, wherein hatching schemes are used to differentiate the regions of ribonucleic acid (RNA) / deoxyrido-nucleic acid(DNA). Such schemes are not to be confused as materials which such hatching would normally represent. Since DNA structures have many different appearances, other examples are provided at Examples 11 and 13. A-4-26 Example 13 Example 13 is a proper illustration of a graphical form which has been used to indicate DNA structure. The illustration is a representation of an approximation of a section along a DNA molecule. Since a determination cannot be made as to exactly what the structure would look like, the Office allows this approximation to show the believed structure represented. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (d) Graphic forms in drawings Additionallyl the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (o) Legends. Paragraph (n) Symbols. Paragraph (p)(1) Numbers, letters, and reference characters. Paragraph (q) Lead lines. Paragraph (r)(1) Arrows. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. but is an exception to Paragraph (h)(3), Sectional views, wherein hatching schemes are used to differentiate the regions of ribonucleic acid (RNA) / deoxyridonucleic acid(DNA). Such schemes are not to be confused as materials which such hatching would normally represent. Since DNA structures have many different appearances, other examples are provided at Examples 11 and 12. A-4-28 Example 14 Example 14 is a proper illustration of a Design invention which is presented in five separate views, with Fig. 6 being the perspective view. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (h) Views Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (i) Arrangement of views. Paragraph (m) Shading. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. A-4-30 Example 15 Example 15 is a proper illustration of an exploded view which may be submitted as a drawing. Although brackets are not required, the example illustrates the proper use of a bracket to delineate the exploded view because it is the only view on this page. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (h)(1) Exploded views Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (l) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (p)(1) Numbers, letters, and reference characters Paragraph (q) Lead lines. Paragraph (r)(1) Arrows. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. A-4-32 Example 16 Example 16 is a proper illustration of a partial view which an enlarged view that may be submitted as a drawing. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (h)(2) Partial views Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (l) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (p)(1) Numbers, letters, and reference characters. Paragraph (q) Lead lines. Paragraph (r)(1) Arrows. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. A-4-34 Example 17 Example 17, which extends over two pages, is a proper illustration of a partial view which may be submitted as a drawing. Note that each figure is labeled separately, and the end of the first figure can be placed at the beginning of the second figure to construct the complete drawing that depicts the entire device. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (h)(2)(i) Partial views Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (n) Symbols. Paragraph (o) Legends. Paragraph (p)(1) Numbers, letters, and reference characters. Paragraph (r)(1) Arrows. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. A-4-36 Example 18 Example 18, which extends over four pages, is a proper illustration of a partial view which may be submitted as a drawing. Note that Fig. 1 shows how each figure is labeled separately, and the end of each of Figs. 1a through 1h can be placed at the appropriate end of another figure to construct a drawing that depicts the entire device. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (h)(2)(ii) Partial views Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (p)(1) Numbers, letters, and reference characters. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. A-4-40 Example 19 Example 19 is a proper illustration of a sectional view which may be submitted as a drawing. Note that the view from which the section is taken is shown on Fig. 1 by a pair of broken lines, 2-2, where the section is taken. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (h)(3) Sectional views Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (h) Views, wherein views are clearly separated from one another. Paragraph (i) Arrangement of views. Paragraph (l) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (m) Shading. Paragraph (n) Symbols. Paragraph (p)(1) Numbers, letters, and reference characters. Paragraph (q) Lead lines. Paragraph (r)(1) Arrows. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. A-4-46 Example 20 Example 20 is provided as an improper illustration of a sectional view, although Fig. 1, which is proper , is included to show the difference. Note that the view from which the section is taken is not properly hatched in Fig. 2, at reference numeral 1. The drawing does not meet the requirements of Paragraph (h)(3) Sectional views However, the illustration does meet the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (h) Views, wherein views are clearly separated from one another. Paragraph (i) Arrangement of views. Paragraph (l) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (p)(1) Numbers, letters, and reference characters. Paragraph (q) Lead lines. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. A-4-48 Example 21 Example 21 is a proper illustration of a drawing which contains an alternate position. Note that the cover is shown by broken lines in a raised position. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (h)(4) Alternate position Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (h)(3) Sectional views. Paragraph (p) Numbers, letters, and reference characters. Paragraph (q) Lead lines. Paragraph (r) Arrows. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. Another illustration of an alternate position is provided at Example 22. A-4-50 Example 22 Example 22 is a proper illustration of a drawing which contains an alternate position. Note that the first position of element 67 is shown in solid lines and is shown in the second (alternate) position in dot-dash lines. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (h)(4) Alternate position Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (p) Numbers, letters, and reference characters. Paragrapn (q) Lead lines. Paragraph (r) Arrows. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. Another illustration of an alternate position is provided at Example 21. A-4-52 Example 23 Example 23 is an improper illustration of a drawing which contains an alternate position. Note that the first position is shown in solid lines, but elements 67a and 67b are improper showings of an alternate position because they, too, are shown in solid lines. The drawing does not meet the requirements of Paragraph (h)(4) Alternate posltion However, the drawing does meet the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (p) Numbers, letters, and reference characters. Paragraph (q) Lead lines. Paragraph (r) Arrows. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. Example 22, a proper illustration of an alternate position, was modified to illustrate this improper alternate position, i.e., Example 23. A-4-54 Example 24 Example 24 is a proper illustration of a drawing which contains modified forms which may be submitted as a drawing. Note that Figs. 2 and 3 show fastening means 52, 53, 62, and 63 in separate figures. If desired, elements 62 and 63 could also be designated as 52 and 53 as modified forms of fastening means. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (h)(5) Modified forms Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (h)(3) Sectional views. Paragraph (i) Arrangement of views. Paragraph (l) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (m) Shading. Paragraph (p) Numbers, letters, and reference characters. Paragraph (q) Lead lines. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. Another illustration of a modified form is shown at Example 25. A-4-56 Example 25 Example 25, which extends over two pages, is a proper illustration of a drawing which contains a modified form; i.e., Fig. 6 is a modified embodiment of the equipment illustrated in Fig. 1. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (h)(5) Modified forms Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (l) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (m) Shading. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. Another illustration of a modified form is shown at Example 24. A-4-58 Example 26 Example 26 is illustrated in five separate views--Examples 26A - 26E--and extends over three pages. This is a proper illustration of how views should stand on a sheet so that words appear in a horizontal, left-to-right fashion when the page is either upright or turned so that the top becomes the right side. Particular attention is called to Example 26A which would normally be considered improper based on the rule. However, the rule is waived and the drawing is considered proper and, therefore, acceptable to the Office when it is presented in the same manner as Example 26A, since it is proper under scientific convention. Note that all five examples could be viewed on a monitor in an automated search system and the words/numbers would appear in either an upright position or when rotated 90 degrees to the right. The drawings meet the requirements of Paragraph (i) Arrangement of views Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (d) Graphic forms in drawings. Paragraph (l) Character of lines, number, and letters. Paragraph (o) Legends. Paragraph (p) Numbers, letters, and reference characters. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. Other illustrations of proper arrangement of views are shown at Examples 27 and 28. A-4-62 Example 27 Example 27 is a proper illustration, due to the standard scientific convention, of a drawing which is capable of being viewed in an upright position or when rotated 90 degrees to the right. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (i) Arrangement of views Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (d) Graphic forms in drawings. Paragraph (I) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (o) Legends. Paragraph (p) Numbers, letters, and reference characters. Other proper illustrations of an arrangement of views are shown at Examples 26 and 28. A-4-66 Example 28 Example 28 is a proper illustration of a drawing which is capable of being viewed in an upright position or when rotated 90 degrees to the right. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (i) Arrangement of views Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (d) Graphic forms in drawings. Paragraph (I) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (o) Legends. Paragraph (p) Numbers, letters, and reference characters. Other proper illustrations of arrangement of views are shown at Examples 26 and 27. A-4-68 Example 29 Example 29 is an improper illustration of an arrangement of views. The legends cannot be read properly both when the drawing is viewed in an upright position or when rotated 90 degrees to the right. The drawing does not meet the requirements of Paragraph (i) Arrangement of views However, the drawing does meet the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (d) Graphic forms in drawings. Paragraph (I) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (o) Legends. Paragraph (p) Numbers, letters, and reference characters. A-4-70 Example 30 Example 30 is a proper illustration of a view that includes the overall organization of the device to provide a helpful view for publication in the Official Gazette. The drawings meet the requirements of Paragraph (j) View for Official Gazette Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (d) Graphic forms in drawings. Paragraph (h)(3) Sectional views. Paragraph (I) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (p) Numbers, letters, and reference characters. Paragraph (q) Lead lines. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. A-4-72 Example 31 Example 31 is a proper illustration of the character of lines and numbers in a drawing and specifically illustrates a continuous thick line for edging and outlining views and cross-sections. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (l) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (h)(3) Sectional views, (especially hatching). Paragraph (m) Shading. Paragraph (p) Numbers, letters, and reference characters. Paragraph (q) Lead lines. Paragraph (r) Arrows. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. Note particularly that elements 2a and 2b are hatched to show a specific material. A-4-74 Example 32 Example 32 is a proper illustration of a drawing which depicts acceptable shading for opaque surfaces. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (m) Shading Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (l) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (p) Numbers, letters, and reference characters. Paragraph (q) Lead lines. Paragraph (r) Arrows. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. Other proper illustrations are shown at Examples 33 through 38. A-4-76 Example 33 Example 33 is a proper illustration of a drawing which depicts acceptable shading for opaque surfaces. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (m) Shading Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (l) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. Other proper illustrations are shown at Examples 32 and 34 through 38. A-4-78 Example 34 Example 34 is a proper illustration of a drawing which depicts acceptable shading for opaque surfaces. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (m) Shading Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (l) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. Other proper illustrations are shown at Examples 32 and 33 and 35 through 38. A-4-80 Example 35 Example 35 is a proper illustration of a drawing which depicts acceptable shading for curved surfaces in element 28c. Further, although it is not required, elements 3 and 11 are also lightly shaded to show that they are surfaces, even though not curved surfaces. This is acceptable as long as it helps to understand the invention. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (m) Shading Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (h)(i) Exploded views. Paragraph (l) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (p) Numbers, letters, and reference characters. Paragraph (q) Lead lines. Paragraph (r) Arrows. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. Other proper illustrations are shown at Examples 32 through 34 and 36 through 38. A-4-82 Example 36 Example 36 is a proper illustration of a drawing which depicts acceptable shading for transparent surfaces. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (m) Shading Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (i) Arrangement of views. Paragraph (l) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. Other proper illustrations are shown at Examples 32 through 35 and 37 and 38. A-4-84 Example 37 Example 37 is a proper illustration of a drawing which depicts acceptable shading for opaque surfaces. Note usage of stippling to illustrate the shading. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (m) Shading Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (l) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. Other proper illustrations are shown at Examples 32 through 36 and 38. A-4-86 Example 38 Example 38 is a proper illustration of a drawing which depicts acceptable shading for curved surfaces. Note that Figs. 1 and 4 show element 14 shaded to indicate a curved surface, as opposed to elements which are shown in cross section. Elements shown in cross section are hatched to indicate that they are in cross section. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (m) Shading Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (h)(3) Sectional views. Paragraph (i) Arrangement of views. Paragraph (l) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (n) Symbols. Paragraph (p) Numbers, letters, and reference characters. Paragraph (q) Lead lines. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. Other proper illustrations are shown at Examples 32 through 37. A-4-88 Example 39 Example 39 is a proper illustration of a drawing which depicts acceptable symbols. Note the common electrical symbols in Fig. 5. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (n) Symbols Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (i) Arrangement of views. Paragraph (l) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (o) Legends. Paragraph (p) Numbers, letters, and reference characters. Paragraph (q) Lead lines. Paragraph (r) Arrows. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. A-4-90 Example 40 Example 40 is a proper illustration of a drawing which depicts acceptable descriptive legends. There are legends to indicate direction of outputs from the three circuits, and two labels for the "block boxes." The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (o) Legends Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (I) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (n) Symbols. Paragraph (p) Numbers, letters, and reference characters. Paragraph (q) Lead lines. Paragraph (r) Arrows. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. A-4-92 Example 41 Example 41 is a proper illustration of a drawing which depicts acceptable numbers, letters, and reference characters. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (p) Numbers, letters, and reference characters Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (l) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (o) Legends. Paragraph (q) Lead lines. Paragraph (r) Arrows. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. Other proper illustrations are shown at Examples 42 and 43. A-4-94 Example 42 Example 42 is a proper illustration of a drawing which depicts the use of primed characters within the framework of numbers, letters, and reference characters. Primed characters are used to show elements in a second embodiment which have the same basic numeral as the element in the first embodiment of the invention. While the rules do not specifically prohibit such practice, the use of primed reference characters should be kept to the very minimum. Single primed characters for designating the same element in different embodiments, when used sparingly, can aid in easily understanding the invention and its different embodiments, but the overuse of primed numbers tends to obfuscate the drawings and should be avoided. Although the Office will not object to such usage, caution should be exercised should a third embodiment be required, which would necessitate double primed numbers, etc., thereby resulting in the drawing becoming confused and difficult to read. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (p) Numbers, letters, and reference characters Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (l) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (q) Lead lines. Paragraph (r) Arrows. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. Other proper illustrations are shown at Examples 41 and 43. A-4-96 Example 43 Example 43 is a proper illustration of a drawing which depicts primed characters within the framework of numbers, letters, and reference characters. Primed characters are used to show elements in a second embodiment which have the same basic numeral as the element in the first embodiment of the invention. While the rules do not specifically prohibit such practice, the use of primed reference characters should be kept to the very minimum. Single primed characters for designating the same element in different embodiments, when used sparingly, can aid in easily understanding the invention and its different embodiments, but the overuse of primed numbers tends to obfuscate the drawings and should be avoided. Although the Office will not object to such usage, caution should be exercised. Should a third embodiment be required, which would necessitate double primed numbers, etc., this would result in the drawing becoming confused and difficult to read. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (p) Numbers, letters, and reference characters Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (l) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (m) Shading. Paragraph (q) Lead lines. Paragraph (r) Arrows. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. Other proper illustrations are shown at Examples 41 and 42. A-4-98 Example 44 Example 44 is a proper illustration of a drawing which depicts acceptable lead lines. Note how the lead lines properly indicate the structure. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (q) Lead lines Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink Paragraph (l) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (m) Shading. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. A-4-100 Example 45 Example 45 is an improper illustration of a drawing which depicts acceptable lead lines. Note how some lead lines do not touch the proper parts of the figure. See numerals 7 and 14 wherein numeral 7 seems to indicate two different parts and several lead lines are crossing lines other than structure lines, e.g., numerals 73, 76, 81, and P6. The drawing does not meet the requirements of Paragraph (q) Lead lines Otherwise, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (l) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (m) Shading. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. A-4-102 Example 46 Example 46 is a proper illustration of a drawing which depicts acceptable arrows. Note that several arrows illustrate a direction of motion or rotation, and some, such as 20 and 21, depict a general organization of the structure. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (r) Arrows Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (I) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (m) Shading. Paragraph (n) Symbols. Paragraph (p) Numbers, letters, and reference characters. Paragraph (q) Lead lines. Paragraph (u) Numbering of views. A-4-104 Example 47 Example 47 is a proper illustration of a drawing which includes a Copyright notice. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (s) Copyright or Mask Work Notice Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (l) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (m) Shading. Paragraph (o) Legends. A-4-106 Example 48 Example 48 is a proper illustration of a drawing which depicts the correct numbering of the drawing sheet. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (t) Numbering of sheets of drawings Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (h)(1) Exploded views. Paragraph (I) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (m) Shading. Paragraph (p) Numbers, letters, and reference characters. Paragraph (q) Lead lines. Paragraph (r) Arrows. A-4-108 Example 49 Example 49 is a proper illustration of a drawing which depicts the correct numbering of views. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (u) Numbering of views Additionally, the drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (a)(1) Black ink. Paragraph (i) Arrangement of views. Paragraph (l) Character of lines, numbers, and letters. Paragraph (m) Shading. Paragraph (p) Numbers, letters, and reference characters. Paragraph (q) Lead lines. Paragraph (r) Arrows. A-4-110 Example 50 Example 50 is a proper illustration of the front face of a sheet of drawing which depicts the correct placement of security markings. The drawing meets the requirements of Paragraph (v) Security markings A-4-112